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<mods:title id="4BE209E53E9072F29F64F35CB6A531CF">On some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in Indian species of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae)</mods:title>
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Note on 
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<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05820F5FEB4FE2D484A" bold="true" box="[255,477,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05821E6FEB3FD524849" author="Gunther" box="[492,674,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
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in 
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D058209DFE6AFD984887" ID-CoL="4XFW9" authority="Gunther, 1864: 215" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,616,402,427]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D058209DFE6AFE924887" bold="true" box="[151,354,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simotes cinereus</emphasis>
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: 215
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. 
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locality
</emphasis>
. “Gamboja”, now 
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. 
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<typeStatus id="79388867FF99D058249AFE6BFB0D4887" box="[1168,1277,403,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. BMNH RR 1946.1.1.25 (adult male).
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<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF99D05820CFFE22FD4B4A3E" blockId="6.[151,1437,402,787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species is widespread from extreme north-eastern 
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and eastern 
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to south-eastern 
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and 
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, and southwards up to Peninsular 
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across the whole of 
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, 
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, 
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and 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05820DFFDDAFDF74B16" author="Wagner" box="[213,519,546,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner 1975; our material</bibRefCitation>
). 
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<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D0582212FDDBFD174B17" box="[536,743,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
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is mostly characterized by (1) 17–17–15 DSR, (2) anal entire, (3) no more than 182 VEN (no more than 
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the nominative subspecies), (4) a full complement of head scales including a loreal, (5) 8 (rarely 7) SL, SL 4–5 (rarely 3–4) entering orbit, (5) and 1 anterior temporal. Specimens with 15 DSR are referable to 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D05821F8FD76FC5D4B8A" authority="Boulenger, 1914" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1914" box="[498,941,654,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05821F8FD76FD214B8A" box="[498,721,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon inornatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05822E8FD76FC554B8A" author="Boulenger" box="[738,933,654,678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1914) Descriptions of new reptiles from Siam. With notes by Malcolm Smith, M. R. C. S., L. R. C. P. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 1 (2), 67 - 70, Plate." type="journal article" year="1914">Boulenger, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; specimens with 17–17–15 DSR and more than 185 VEN belong to 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D05821A7FD4BFCD24BE6" authority="Smith, 1917" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1917" box="[429,802,690,715]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05821A7FD4BFD8D4BE7" box="[429,637,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon joynsoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582281FD4AFCEA4BE6" author="Smith" box="[651,794,690,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Smith, M. A. (1917) Description of a new snake and a new frog from Siam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2 (4), 276 - 278" type="journal article" year="1917">Smith, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This latter species is quite similar to reticulate patterned specimens of 
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. cinereus cinereus
</emphasis>
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but the number of ventrals easily separate these two distinct species, with 
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</emphasis>
. 
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. 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D058212BFD04FE8F4A3F" box="[289,383,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D0582239FD03FD444A3F" box="[563,692,763,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
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<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D0582239FD03FDBA4A3E" box="[563,586,763,786]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. joynsoni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D058209DFAC2FEE24C7C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1338,1361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D0582113FAC3FE244C7D" box="[281,468,1339,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D0582113FAC3FE244C7D" box="[281,468,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ZSI 12356. A: General view. B: Head in dorsal view. C: Body venter.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF99D05820CFFA86FBBA4F41" blockId="6.[151,1437,1405,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
A morphologically variable species, 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D0582260FA85FCCB4CB9" box="[618,827,1405,1429]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D0582260FA85FCCB4CB9" box="[618,827,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a variety of dorsal patterns (see 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582502FA85FA7F4CB9" author="Smith" box="[1288,1423,1405,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
), which have been used as a basis for describing several subspecies. However, the current intraspecific taxonomy of this species remains unresolved. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582288FA3DFCE84CF1" author="Smith" box="[642,792,1477,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
did not recognize any subspecies, other authors such as 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D058209DFA11FEC34F2D" author="Taylor" box="[151,307,1513,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
accepted the validity of several subspecies, including 
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. cinereus tamdaoensis
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05824C3FA11FA9B4F2D" author="Bourret" box="[1225,1387,1513,1537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bourret, R. (1935) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. X. Les serpents de la station d'altitude du Tam-dao. Bulletin General de l'Instruction Publique, 14 e Annee (8, avril), 259 - 271 [Separate reprint: p. 1 - 13]." type="journal article" year="1935">Bourret, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
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<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D058258BFA12FA684F2D" box="[1409,1432,1514,1537]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus pallidocinctus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05821AEF9F6FDB34F09" author="Bourret" box="[420,579,1549,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bourret, R. (1934) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. IV. Sur une collection d'Ophidiens de Cochinchine et du Cambodge. Bulletin general de l'Instruction Publique, 13 e Annee (1, septembre), 13 - 30. [Separate reprint: p. 3 - 20]." type="journal article" year="1934">Bourret, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D0582245F9F6FBF64F09" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[591,1030,1549,1573]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D0582245F9F6FCB94F09" box="[591,841,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D0582245F9F6FD964F09" box="[591,614,1550,1573]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus swinhonis
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582353F9F5FC0D4F09" author="Gunther" box="[857,1021,1549,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D0582434F9F6FEAF4F65" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D0582434F9F6FA954F09" box="[1086,1381,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D0582434F9F6FBA54F09" box="[1086,1109,1550,1573]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus multifasciatus
</emphasis>
(Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
. More recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D058221FF9CAFD4D4F65" author="Wagner" box="[533,701,1585,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
showed that the differences between the various subspecies were unclear. Wagner refrained from accepting subspecies, a position that we follow here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF99D05920CFF982FC7849F8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1405,2005]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Among these taxa, we here address the status of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF99D05822FEF982FB154FBD" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[756,1253,1657,1681]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05822FEF982FC004FBD" box="[756,1008,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05824F2F982FAFE4FBD" box="[1272,1294,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in</emphasis>
<date id="D23D1005FF99D058251CF981FA684FBD" box="[1302,1432,1657,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1860" valueMax="1881">1860–1881</date>
: Livraison 12, pl. IV: fig. 2. 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF99D05821D3F966FDE14F9A" box="[473,529,1694,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “Sultanepore”, now Sultanpur, State of Uttar Pradesh, northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D0582551F965FA684F99" box="[1371,1432,1693,1717]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF99D058209DF939FEF44FF5" box="[151,260,1729,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: not given, stated as deposited in the “ 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D05822B3F93AFC984FF5" box="[697,872,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Musée de Bonn</emphasis>
”, presumably lost). The origin of the specimen is unclear, and would appear to have been collected in the first half of the 1800s, a period when only two notable collections were made by European naturalists outside 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D05822E2F8F1FCB94E0D" box="[744,841,1801,1825]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">England</collectingCountry>
. Perhaps the most well-known is that of the Austro- Hungarian 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF99D058211CF8D6FE9A4E69" box="[278,362,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Novara</emphasis>
Expedition, whose collections are in Vienna (
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582373F8D5FC094E69" author="Gans" box="[889,1017,1837,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gans, C. (1955) Localities of the herpetological collections made during the &quot; Novara Reise &quot;. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 33, 275 - 285." type="journal article" year="1955">Gans 1955</bibRefCitation>
). The second was made by the three Schlagintweit brothers, Hermann (
<date id="D23D1005FF99D0582222F8A9FD5B4E45" box="[552,683,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1826" valueMax="1882">1826–1882</date>
), Adolphe (
<date id="D23D1005FF99D058233DF8A9FC494E45" box="[823,953,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1829" valueMax="1857">1829–1857</date>
) and Robert (
<date id="D23D1005FF99D058246BF8A9FB144E45" box="[1121,1252,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1833" valueMax="1885">1833–1885</date>
), who originate from 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D05820DEF88DFECC4EA1" box="[212,316,1909,1933]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D058217DF88DFDD44EA1" author="Armitage" box="[375,548,1909,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Armitage, G. (1989) The Schlagintweit collections. Indian Journal of History of Science, 24, 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1989">Armitage 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Made incidental to geomagnetic studies, on behalf of the East 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF99D05824E4F88DFAD74EA1" box="[1262,1319,1909,1933]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">India</collectingCountry>
Company (
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D0582094F861FEAB4E9D" author="Sthanapati" box="[158,347,1945,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sthanapati, J. (1996) History of magnetic studies in India 1850 - 1980: a bibliography. Indian Journal of History of Science, 31, 205 - 302." type="journal article" year="1996">Sthanapati 1996</bibRefCitation>
), this large collection of botanical, zoological as well as geological material was deposited in a number of museums in Europe, including Bonn (
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF99D05822CCF845FC864EF9" author="Armitage" box="[710,886,1981,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Armitage, G. (1989) The Schlagintweit collections. Indian Journal of History of Science, 24, 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1989">Armitage 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Significantly, the Schlagintweits followed “the course of the Ganges River upstream over Varanasi, Allahabad and Fatehgarh to the Himalaya” (
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05924FBFF6FFF2349F8" author="Praschag" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Praschag, P., Sommer, R. S., McCarthy, C., Gemel, R. &amp; Fritz, U. (2008) Naming one of the world's rarest chelonians, the southern Batagur. Zootaxa, 1758, 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">
Praschag 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592568FF61FA6C499C" box="[1378,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), clearly approaching Sultanpur in modern day Uttar Pradesh.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05920CFFF27FAB248AB" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This taxon was depicted on a plate of Jan &amp; Sordelli (
<quantity id="617B9B20FF98D0592312FF27FC9E49D4" box="[792,878,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7371" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1865.0">
1865 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592352FF19FC9E49D4" box="[856,878,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in</emphasis>
</quantity>
<date id="D23D1005FF98D059237EFF27FC0749DB" box="[884,1015,223,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1860" valueMax="1881">1860–1881</date>
). On page 8 of the Index to the plates, the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D05920CAFEFCFED24830" box="[192,290,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was said to have been deposited in the Museum of Bonn. According to Dr. W. Böhme (pers. comm. to P. David, 
<date id="D23D1005FF98D0592109FED0FE6D4813" box="[259,413,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2009-01">January 2009</date>
), the zoological museum in Bonn at that time was the “Naturhistorisches Museum Poppelsdorf” (situated in what is now a suburb of the city of Bonn), but was destroyed during World War II (see 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059253FFEB4FF2348AB" author="Friedrich" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Friedrich, J. (2006) The fire: the bombing of Germany, 1940 - 1945. Columbia University Press, New York, 532 pp." type="book chapter" year="2006">Friedrich 2006</bibRefCitation>
), together with nearly all its holdings. The 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D05922BEFE88FD1448A4" box="[692,740,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592300FE88FBF548A4" box="[778,1029,368,392]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592300FE88FBF548A4" box="[778,1029,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore considered lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05920CFFE6DFA614B3B" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Jan &amp; Sordelli (
<quantity id="617B9B20FF98D0592171FE6CFE224880" box="[379,466,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7371" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1865.0">
1865 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921B6FE6DFE224880" box="[444,466,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in</emphasis>
</quantity>
<date id="D23D1005FF98D05921D1FE6CFDAA4880" box="[475,602,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1860" valueMax="1881">1860–1881</date>
) merely stated that the specimen had 17 dorsal scale rows. Nevertheless, although incomplete, the drawing is detailed enough to derive some data of the head scalation (see 
<tableCitation id="EB01037EFF98D0592509FE4FFAAB48E3" box="[1283,1371,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,235,584,605]" captionText="TABLE 2. Main morphological data of Oligodon cinereus in India. “ Type J &amp; S ” = holotype of type of Simotes multifasciatus Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865. See Material and Methods for explanation of other abbreviations. Lengths in millimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The depicted specimen shows a dorsal pattern made of irregular, dark crossbars, a dark nuchal marking pointing forwards, some blotches on the head, and a venter and under tail surface strongly marked with dark, square blotches.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F2FC664DFF98D059209DFDB0FB0E4B50" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D059209DFDB0FB0E4B50" blockId="7.[151,1436,584,773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059209DFDB0FEF54B71" bold="true" box="[151,261,584,605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Main morphological data of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592239FDB0FD1F4B72" box="[563,751,584,606]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592239FDB0FD1F4B72" box="[563,751,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in India. “Type J&amp;S” = holotype of type of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05924B2FDB1FE9C4B50" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05924B2FDB1FA6C4B72" box="[1208,1436,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
. See Material and Methods for explanation of other abbreviations. Lengths in millimetres.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D0592095FD60FB834DA9" blockId="7.[151,1436,584,773]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,845,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Number Sex SVL TaL TaL/TL VEN SC DSR SL PreOc PosOc SubOc Temp 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D0592095FD3AFF204BFB" box="[159,208,706,727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
J&amp;S ɗ ---- ---- ---- ---- 32?–17–? 8/8?/1?/2?/1? / 1+2 ZSI 12356 Ψ 150 17 0.102 169 30 
<date id="D23D1005FF98D059233EFD08FC394A28" box="[820,969,750,773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1917-08-17" valueMax="1917-08-15" valueMin="1917-08-17">17–17–15 8</date>
/7 1/1 2/2 1/1 1+2 / 1+2 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05920CFFCB5FE914A49" author="Taylor" box="[197,353,845,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05921E4FCB6FC594A49" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[494,937,845,869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921E4FCB6FD1A4A49" box="[494,746,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921E4FCB6FDF54A49" box="[494,517,846,869]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus swinhonis
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05922F1FCB5FC504A49" author="Gunther" box="[763,928,845,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05923EEFCB6FEEA4AA5" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05923EEFCB6FAFC4A49" box="[996,1292,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05923EEFCB6FC0B4A49" box="[996,1019,846,869]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus multifasciatus
</emphasis>
(Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
for populations from 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D0592212FC89FD8F4AA5" box="[536,639,881,905]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059230BFC89FC6D4AA5" author="Taylor" box="[769,925,881,905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D0592484FC8AFB4E4AA6" box="[1166,1214,882,906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059254FFC8AFDDF4A81" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059254FFC8AFEC44A81" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
was “Sultanepore”, “a locality unknown to me”. Although there is no such locality in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D059211BFC41FE874AFD" box="[273,375,953,977]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, there are indeed several cities known as Sultanpoor, now Sultanpur in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05924AFFC41FB124AFD" box="[1189,1250,953,977]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
. All of them are located in the northern part of 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921F1FC25FDC74AD9" box="[507,567,989,1013]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
, in the states of Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and Uttar Pradesh. However, the most famous of them is the legendary capital of Ram, a locality in the ancient Kingdom of Oudh in northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D0592551FBDDFA684D11" box="[1371,1432,1061,1085]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
. It is now the Indian city of Sultanpur, south-east of Lucknow, State of Uttar Pradesh. We suggest that the specimen described by Jan &amp; Sordelli (
<quantity id="617B9B20FF98D05921D7FB95FDC34DA9" box="[477,563,1133,1157]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7371" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1865.0">
1865 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592217FB96FDC34DA9" box="[541,563,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in</emphasis>
</quantity>
<date id="D23D1005FF98D0592230FB95FD4A4DA9" box="[570,698,1133,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1860" valueMax="1881">1860–1881</date>
) originated from this once famous city.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05920CFFB69FD8F4C71" blockId="7.[151,1437,845,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The general habitus of the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D05921FEFB6AFDD44D86" box="[500,548,1170,1194]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592241FB6AFBC94D85" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[587,1081,1169,1193]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592241FB6AFCB74D85" box="[587,839,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
and the number of dorsal scale rows allow us to agree with previous authors, such as 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059230AFB4DFC654DE1" author="Smith" box="[768,917,1205,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05923C4FB4EFB8A4DE1" author="Wagner" box="[974,1146,1205,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, in referring this taxon to the 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05920CBFB21FE604DDD" box="[193,400,1241,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05920CBFB21FE604DDD" box="[193,400,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, namely 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059226BFB22FD124DDD" box="[609,738,1242,1265]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059226BFB22FD124DDD" box="[609,738,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D059226BFB22FD884DDD" box="[609,632,1242,1265]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its current numerous synonyms. However, this locality is out of the known range of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05921C9FB06FDB34C39" box="[451,579,1278,1301]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921C9FB06FDB34C39" box="[451,579,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921C9FB06FE2A4C39" box="[451,474,1278,1301]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D0592262FB05FD544C39" box="[616,676,1277,1301]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
, from where it was previously known only from the state of Assam (Tinsukia, Tinsukia District); see 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059221FFADAFD324C15" author="Wagner" box="[533,706,1313,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
. Sultanpur in Uttar Pradesh is ca. 
<quantity id="617B9B20FF98D0592442FAD9FB444C15" box="[1096,1204,1313,1337]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="1200.0">1,200 km</quantity>
from the previously westernmost known locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05921F2FABEFD884C71" box="[504,632,1350,1373]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921F2FABEFD884C71" box="[504,632,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921F2FABEFDFF4C71" box="[504,527,1350,1373]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05920CFFA92FC924F3D" blockId="7.[151,1437,845,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05920CFFA92FE104CAD" author="Dasgupta" box="[197,480,1385,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Dasgupta, G. &amp; Raha, S. (2004) Reptilia. In: Anonymous, Fauna of Bihar (including Jharkhand). Part- 1. Kolkata, Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series, 11, 143 - 179." type="journal article" year="2004">Dasgupta &amp; Raha (2004)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned, as 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592281FA91FCAB4CAD" box="[651,859,1385,1409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclurus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592281FA91FCAB4CAD" box="[651,859,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cyclurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a specimen (ZSI 12356), from “Cargola, Purnea”, the latter, an old spelling for (the District of) Purnia, in the north-eastern Indian State of Bihar. We examined this specimen (
<figureCitation id="3EB82A40FF98D0592105FA49FEAB4CE5" box="[271,347,1457,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1338,1361]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,856,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,839,1316]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligodon cinereus, ZSI 12356. A: General view. B: Head in dorsal view. C: Body venter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277036/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A–C), which shares with the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D05922AAFA49FCF24CE5" box="[672,770,1457,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059232FFA4AFBD04CE5" box="[805,1056,1457,1481]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059232FFA4AFBD04CE5" box="[805,1056,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the number of 17 DSR, the dorsal pattern with distinct black crossbands and the blotched venter. We here refer it to 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592432FA2DFAF84CC1" box="[1080,1288,1493,1517]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592432FA2DFAF84CC1" box="[1080,1288,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as currently defined. Its main morphological characters are given in 
<tableCitation id="EB01037EFF98D0592303FA01FCAE4F3D" box="[777,862,1529,1553]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,235,584,605]" captionText="TABLE 2. Main morphological data of Oligodon cinereus in India. “ Type J &amp; S ” = holotype of type of Simotes multifasciatus Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865. See Material and Methods for explanation of other abbreviations. Lengths in millimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EE99654EFF98D05420CFF9E5FB46484D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05920CFF9E5FB3B4E79" blockId="7.[151,1437,845,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05920CFF9E5FC144F1A" bold="true" box="[197,996,1565,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D0592175F9E5FDA54F1A" box="[383,597,1565,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592175F9E5FDA54F1A" bold="true" box="[383,597,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D0592277F9E5FD4D4F1A" box="[637,701,1565,1590]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05922F1F9E5FC764F19" box="[763,902,1565,1589]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="3EB82A40FF98D059239CF9E5FC2C4F1A" box="[918,988,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1582,1605]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,625,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[167,1427,625,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Range of Oligodon cinereus in India and Bangladesh. Solid circles = examined specimens; open circles = literature records; star = type locality of Simotes multifasciatus Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865. Specimens from Myanmar are not included." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277037/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. On this basis, we extend the range of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059209DF9B9FE974F75" box="[151,359,1601,1625]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059209DF9B9FE974F75" box="[151,359,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921F9F9B9FDDD4F75" box="[499,557,1601,1625]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
(see 
<figureCitation id="3EB82A40FF98D0592260F9B9FD5F4F75" box="[618,687,1601,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1582,1605]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,625,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[167,1427,625,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Range of Oligodon cinereus in India and Bangladesh. Solid circles = examined specimens; open circles = literature records; star = type locality of Simotes multifasciatus Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865. Specimens from Myanmar are not included." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277037/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In the north-western part of its range, this species is now known from the following localities: 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921E3F99DFDD94F52" bold="true" box="[489,553,1637,1662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921E3F99DFDD94F52" box="[489,553,1637,1662]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(based on 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05922ADF99DFC7B4F51" author="Agarwal" box="[679,907,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Agarwal, I., Mistry, V. K. &amp; Athreya, R. (2010) A preliminary checklist of the reptiles of Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17 (2), 81 - 93." type="journal article" year="2010">
Agarwal 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D0592305F99EFCB94F51" box="[783,841,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D0592392F99EFB554F51" author="Dasgupta" box="[920,1189,1637,1662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Dasgupta, G. &amp; Raha, S. (2004) Reptilia. In: Anonymous, Fauna of Bihar (including Jharkhand). Part- 1. Kolkata, Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series, 11, 143 - 179." type="journal article" year="2004">Dasgupta &amp; Raha 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05924BBF99DFB1D4F51" author="Dasgupta" box="[1201,1261,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Dasgupta, G. &amp; Raha, S. (2006) Reptilia. In: Anonymous, Fauna of Nagaland. Kolkata, Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series, 12, 433 - 460, Figs. 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05924F3F99DFA674F51" author="Mathew" box="[1273,1431,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Mathew, R. (1995) Reptilia. In: Anonymous, Fauna of Meghalaya. Part 1. Vertebrates. Calcutta, Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series, 4, 379 - 454, Figs. 1 - 4, Pls. 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathew 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059209DF972FEC34F8D" author="Wagner" box="[151,307,1673,1698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner 1975</bibRefCitation>
; examined material). State of Arunachal Pradesh: Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary. State of Assam: Jaipur, Tinsukia District; Tezpur, Sonitpur District; Tinsukia, Tinsukia District. State of Bihar: Cargola, Purnia District. State of Meghalaya: West Garo Hills; East Khasi Hills. State of Nagaland: Naga Hills. State of Uttar Pradesh: Sultanpur, Sultanpur District. 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05921ECF90DFD814E21" bold="true" box="[486,625,1781,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05921ECF90DFD814E21" box="[486,625,1781,1805]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(based on 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D05922E1F90DFC804E21" author="Smith" box="[747,880,1781,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D0592371F90EFBE54E21" author="Wagner" box="[891,1045,1781,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner 1975</bibRefCitation>
). “ 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D0592438F90DFB414E21" box="[1074,1201,1781,1805]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chittagong</collectingCountry>
Hills”. According to its scalation data, especially the number of dorsal scale rows, the specimen recorded from Changlang District, State of Arunachal Pradesh, and cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059222DF8C5FCC54E79" author="Sanyal" box="[551,821,1853,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Sanyal, D. P. &amp; Gayen, N. C. (2006) Reptilia. In: Anonymous, Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh (Part- 1). Kolkata, Zoological Survey of India, State Fauna Series, 13, 247 - 284." type="journal article" year="2006">Sanyal &amp; Gayen (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, is not conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059244EF8C6FB344E79" box="[1092,1220,1854,1877]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059244EF8C6FB344E79" box="[1092,1220,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D059244EF8C6FBAB4E79" box="[1092,1115,1854,1877]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF98D05620CFF899FB2548AB" blockId="7.[151,1437,845,2022]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05920CFF899FC994E56" bold="true" box="[197,873,1889,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Comparison with other populations of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D059229EF899FC994E56" box="[660,873,1889,1914]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D059229EF899FC994E56" bold="true" box="[660,873,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059237DF899FBFB4E55" author="Smith" box="[887,1035,1889,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D0592448F89AFB1A4E55" author="Wagner" box="[1090,1258,1889,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
defined several morphs within this species, based on the dorsal, head and ventral patterns. Smith’s “Var. I” is nearly unpatterned above and with a powdered venter. This morph, to which the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF98D0592345F851FC414EED" box="[847,945,1961,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF98D05923DDF852FB644EED" box="[983,1172,1962,1985]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF98D05923DDF852FB644EED" box="[983,1172,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simotes cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs, is widespread in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D05920BFF836FED44ECA" box="[181,292,1998,2022]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF98D059213AF835FE634EC9" box="[304,403,1997,2021]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and the Indochinese Peninsula. 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF98D059230EF835FC6A4EC9" author="Smith" box="[772,922,1997,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
also recognized a “Var. II” with strong, dark reticulations or irregular crossbars, and a uniform head; this author referred 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D05623F2FF60FB04499C" box="[1016,1268,152,176]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D05623F2FF60FB04499C" box="[1016,1268,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this morph, which is considered to be widespread from southern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05622EDFF45FCA449F9" box="[743,852,189,213]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
to southern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05623D5FF44FBD549F8" box="[991,1061,188,212]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
. Smith’s “Var. III” includes specimens with distinct dorsal black crossbars and strong reticulations between the crossbars, head with at least a nuchal chevron, and a venter strongly patterned with rectangular blotches. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF97D0562473FEFCFAE04830" author="Smith" box="[1145,1296,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
, this morph, described as 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D0562125FED0FCAD4813" authority="Bourret, 1935" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1935" box="[303,861,295,320]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Holarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="violaceus" subSpecies="tamdaoensis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D0562125FED0FD5F486C" box="[303,687,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holarchus violaceus tamdaoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF97D05622B0FED0FCAD4813" author="Bourret" box="[698,861,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Bourret, R. (1935) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. X. Les serpents de la station d'altitude du Tam-dao. Bulletin General de l'Instruction Publique, 14 e Annee (8, avril), 259 - 271 [Separate reprint: p. 1 - 13]." type="journal article" year="1935">Bourret, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05623EAFEDFFBED4813" box="[992,1053,295,319]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0562421FEDFFB414813" box="[1067,1201,295,319]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05624B5FED0FADE486C" box="[1215,1326,296,320]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D056209DFEB4FF0D4848" box="[151,253,332,356]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0562133FEB4FE6C4848" box="[313,412,332,356]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Smith also recognized a “Var. IV”, which is not relevant to the present discussion because it occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0562110FE97FE8948AB" box="[282,377,367,391]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05621A5FE88FE1548AB" box="[431,485,368,391]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laos</collectingCountry>
and presents a dorsal pattern made of white, dark-edged crossbars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF97D05620CFFE6DFB8F4B10" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF97D05620CFFE6DFE9C4880" author="Wagner" box="[197,364,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the same patterns as Smith, and he (p. 80) published an interesting map showing the range of species in correlation with the dorsal pattern of specimens examined by him. The range of the “blackbarred” morph is especially noteworthy and confirms Smith’s (1943) suggestions. It occurs in Assam (Tinsukia), 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D056209DFDF8FEF64B34" box="[151,262,512,536]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, northern and central 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05621F6FE07FD904B3B" box="[508,608,511,535]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05622F5FE07FC924B3B" box="[767,866,511,535]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. We examined four specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D05624F5FDF8FA9C4B34" box="[1279,1388,512,536]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and confirm that they are identical in pattern and scalation with those from northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0562413FDDCFB8C4B10" box="[1049,1148,548,572]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F2FC664DFF97D056209DF9D6FAA44F4F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277037/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[167,1426,625,1571]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF97D056209DF9D6FAA44F4F" blockId="8.[151,1435,1582,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D056209DF9D6FEE24F68" bold="true" box="[151,274,1582,1605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Range of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D0562173F9D7FDC34F69" box="[377,563,1583,1605]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D0562173F9D7FDC34F69" box="[377,563,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in India and Bangladesh. Solid circles = examined specimens; open circles = literature records; star = type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D05621C4F9B6FC7C4F4F" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[462,908,1613,1636]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D05621C4F9B6FD414F48" box="[462,689,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens from Myanmar are not included.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF97D05620CDF968FC3A4E70" blockId="8.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">According to our material, we do not separate Smith’s forms I and II. Some “immaculate” specimens (Form I) show some reticulations and, furthermore, there is no difference in morphometry and scalation between these two morphs. In contrast, specimens with dark, solid dorsal crossbars (Form III of Smith; black-barred morph of Wagner) are distinct not only in both their pattern on dorsum and belly, but also in morphometry (relative tail of length, and body scalation, see Table 3). There is no difference in various characters of head scalation between these two morphs but the length:width ratio of the frontal is greater in Morphs I+II.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF97D05720CDF890FE1649F8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1680,2029]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The drawing of the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF97D05621A2F890FDFA4EAC" box="[424,522,1896,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D056223BF891FBD04EAC" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[561,1056,1896,1920]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D056223BF891FCDD4EAC" box="[561,813,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
shows irregular crossbars, a dark nuchal chevron and a heavily blotched venter. These characters are similar to those of Smith’s Form III. We here refer the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF97D05620F6F848FEAE4EE4" box="[252,350,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D0562189F849FD8E4EE4" box="[387,638,1968,1992]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D0562189F849FD8E4EE4" box="[387,638,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this morph. A discussion on the intraspecific taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF97D0562538F848FF054EC0" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D0562538F848FF054EC0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be addressed elsewhere (Vogel 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF97D0562299F82DFD3C4EC0" box="[659,716,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, unpublished data) but black barred specimens of 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0562503F82CFAB64EC0" box="[1289,1350,2004,2028]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF97D0572558F82DFF334983" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05720F2FF6FFEAB4983" box="[248,347,151,175]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and those of northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D057225CFF6FFD454983" box="[598,693,151,175]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05722E1FF60FCD14983" box="[747,801,152,175]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
might prove to be distinct at the species level from other morphs of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057211AFF44FE2F49F8" box="[272,479,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057211AFF44FE2F49F8" box="[272,479,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D057209DFF07FF014881" blockId="9.[151,1423,254,531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057209DFF07FEF44838" bold="true" box="[151,260,255,276]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Comparison between morphs of 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057225FFF07FCE74839" box="[597,791,255,277]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057225FFF07FCE34839" box="[597,787,255,277]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">Oligodon cinereus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
See Material and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Morph Sex TaL/TL VEN Sc L-Fr / W-Fr Smith’s I + II ɗ 0.129–0.149 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572225FEA7FDAA4858" box="[559,602,351,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
0.140) 156–168 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057233EFEA7FCAE4858" box="[820,862,351,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
162.9) 35–42 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572417FEA7FBB94858" box="[1053,1097,351,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
37.2) 1.20–1.37(
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572520FEA7FAA44858" box="[1322,1364,351,378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
1.28) “ 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05720A0FE81FF0F48A2" box="[170,255,377,398]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05720A0FE81FF0F48A2" box="[170,255,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” Ψ 0.123–0.131 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572225FE7CFDAA48B5" box="[559,602,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
0.127) 167–178 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057233EFE7CFCAE48B5" box="[820,862,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
173.5) 33–37 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572417FE7CFBB748B5" box="[1053,1095,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
35.3) (n = 18)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D0572095FE38FF014B3F" blockId="9.[151,1423,254,531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Smith’s III ɗ 0.122–0.140 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572225FE3EFDAA48F7" box="[559,602,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
0.128) 169–180 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057233EFE3EFCAE48F7" box="[820,862,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
173.3) 30–42 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572417FE3EFBB748F7" box="[1053,1095,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
36.6) 1.11–1.30(
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572523FE3EFAA348F7" box="[1321,1363,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
1.20) “ 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05720A0FE27FED948D9" box="[170,297,479,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tamdaoensis</emphasis>
” Ψ 0.101–0.120 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572225FE12FDAA4B2C" box="[559,602,490,517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
0.112) 173–184 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057233EFE12FCAE4B2C" box="[820,862,490,517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
176.4) 30–36 (
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572417FE12FBB74B2C" box="[1053,1095,490,517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x =</emphasis>
32.9) (n = 19)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D05720CFFDAAFB204A13" blockId="9.[151,1436,594,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The precision of the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D05721A1FDABFE2B4B47" box="[427,475,595,619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572250FDABFBB14B46" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[602,1089,594,619]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572250FDABFCA44B47" box="[602,852,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
has implications for the taxonomy of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572157FD8EFE374BA2" box="[349,455,630,654]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572157FD8EFE374BA2" box="[349,455,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05721E3FD8EFDA04BA2" box="[489,592,630,654]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D0572250FD8EFD044BA2" author="Taylor" box="[602,756,630,654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
referred a total of four specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057249AFD8EFB0A4BA2" box="[1168,1274,630,654]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057249AFD8EFB0A4BA2" box="[1168,1274,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D057209DFD61FF0B4B9D" box="[151,251,665,689]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
to the subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05721C5FD62FC794B9D" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[463,905,665,689]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05721C5FD62FD3A4B9D" box="[463,714,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05721C5FD62FE164B9D" box="[463,486,666,689]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus swinhonis
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D05722D1FD61FC714B9D" author="Gunther" box="[731,897,665,689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(one specimen; from “ 
<quantity id="617B9B20FF96D0572499FD61FB2D4B9D" box="[1171,1245,665,689]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
north of Chiang 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D057209DFD46FF394BF9" box="[151,201,702,725]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dao</collectingCountry>
, Chiang Mai Province) and 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572206FD46FBCE4BF9" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[524,1086,701,725]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572206FD46FCC54BF9" box="[524,821,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572206FD46FDD34BF9" box="[524,547,702,725]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus multifasciatus
</emphasis>
(Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
(three; from “Chang Dow [
<quantity id="617B9B20FF96D0572574FD45FF4E4BD4" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
, north], Chiang Mai Province; Loei Province), respectively. According to the descriptions given by Taylor, these specimens have 17–17–15 DSR, 190–197 VEN and 32–42 SC (see 
<tableCitation id="EB01037EFF96D05723DFFCFCFBDB4A30" box="[981,1067,772,796]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,235,879,900]" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison between specimens of Oligodon joynsoni and Thai specimens referred to Oligodon cinereus by Taylor (1965). See Material and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Lengths in millimetres. * The value of the total length given by Taylor (90 mm) is obviously a lapsus for 190 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Their dorsal pattern is made of irregular dark crossbars with either faint (“ 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057227CFCDFFD164A13" box="[630,742,807,831]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057227CFCDFFD164A13" box="[630,742,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">swinhonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) or strong (“ 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057238EFCDFFBD14A13" box="[900,1057,807,831]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057238EFCDFFBD14A13" box="[900,1057,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) reticulations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F2FC664DFF96D057209DFC97FD024AEE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D057209DFC97FD024AEE" blockId="9.[151,1436,878,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057209DFC97FEF44AA8" bold="true" box="[151,260,879,900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Comparison between specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057227EFC97FCC14AA9" box="[628,817,879,901]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057227EFC97FCC14AA9" box="[628,817,879,901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon joynsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Thai specimens referred to 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572472FC97FAC44AA9" box="[1144,1332,879,901]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572472FC97FAC44AA9" box="[1144,1332,879,901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Taylor (1965). See Material and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Lengths in millimetres. * The value of the total length given by Taylor (90 mm) is obviously a lapsus for 190 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D0572095FC25FEE44D31" blockId="9.[151,1436,878,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Specimen Sex SVL TaL TaL/TL VEN SC DSR SL ATem 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572095FBFFFEE44D31" box="[159,276,1031,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572095FBFFFEE44D31" box="[159,276,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572095FBFFFF444D30" box="[159,180,1031,1052]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. joynsoni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D0572095FBC9FE934D94" blockId="9.[151,1436,878,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
BMNH 1946.1.4.23 ɗ 655 105 0.138 190 47 
<date id="D23D1005FF96D0572415FBC8FB204D6A" box="[1055,1232,1072,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1917-08-17" valueMax="1917-08-15" valueMin="1917-08-17">17–17–15 8</date>
/ 8 1 / 1 BMNH 1969.1809 ɗ 570 100 0.149 186 50 
<date id="D23D1005FF96D0572415FBAEFB204D40" box="[1055,1232,1110,1132]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1917-07-17" valueMax="1917-07-15" valueMin="1917-07-17">17–17–15 7</date>
/ 7 2 / 2 MNHN 1896.0633 Ψ 572 80 0.123 194 39 
<date id="D23D1005FF96D0572415FB83FB204DBD" box="[1055,1232,1147,1169]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1917-08-17" valueMax="1917-08-15" valueMin="1917-08-17">17–17–15 8</date>
/ 8 2 / 2 Taylor’s specimens
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D0572095FB33FAB04C45" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="D483C465FF962FA1209DFB32FA6C4C45" box="[151,1436,1226,1385]" gridcols="9" gridrows="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="18B33487FF962FA1209DFB32FA6C4DCD" box="[151,1436,1226,1249]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1209DFB32FEB64DCD" box="[151,326,1226,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3464</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA121C0FB32FE2E4DCD" box="[458,478,1226,1249]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ψ</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA12216FB32FDBF4DCD" box="[540,591,1226,1249]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">548</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1229DFB32FD414DCD" box="[663,689,1226,1249]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">84</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA122E0FB32FCD34DCD" box="[746,803,1226,1249]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.133</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1236FFB32FC7B4DCD" box="[869,907,1226,1249]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">196</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA123C6FB32FC174DCD" box="[972,999,1226,1249]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">42</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA12415FB32FB744DCD" box="[1055,1156,1226,1249]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17–17–15</th>
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA124C9FB32FA6C4DCD" box="[1219,1436,1226,1249]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 / 7 2 / 2</th>
</tr>
<tr id="18B33487FF962FA1209DFB00FA6C4C22" box="[151,1436,1272,1294]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1209DFB00FEB64C22" box="[151,326,1272,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">EHT-HMS 3623</th>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA121C0FB00FE2E4C22" box="[458,478,1272,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ψ</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12216FB00FDBF4C22" box="[540,591,1272,1294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">606</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1229DFB00FD414C22" box="[663,689,1272,1294]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">77</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA122E0FB00FCD34C22" box="[746,803,1272,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.113</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1236FFB00FC7B4C22" box="[869,907,1272,1294]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">196</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA123C6FB00FC174C22" box="[972,999,1272,1294]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">38</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12415FB00FB744C22" box="[1055,1156,1272,1294]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17–17–15</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA124C9FB00FA6C4C22" box="[1219,1436,1272,1294]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 / 7 2/1 / 2/1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="18B33487FF962FA1209DFADDFA6C4C17" box="[151,1436,1317,1339]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1209DFADDFEB64C17" box="[151,326,1317,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">31699</th>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA121C0FADDFE2E4C17" box="[458,478,1317,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ɗ</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12216FADDFDBF4C17" box="[540,591,1317,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">529</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1229DFADDFD414C17" box="[663,689,1317,1339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">71</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA122E0FADDFCD34C17" box="[746,803,1317,1339]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.119</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1236FFADDFC7B4C17" box="[869,907,1317,1339]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">190</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA123C6FADDFC174C17" box="[972,999,1317,1339]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">32</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12415FADDFB744C17" box="[1055,1156,1317,1339]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17–17–15</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA124C9FADDFA6C4C17" box="[1219,1436,1317,1339]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8 / 7 -----</td>
</tr>
<tr id="18B33487FF962FA1209DFAAAFA6C4C45" box="[151,1436,1362,1385]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="5B625DFBFF962FA1209DFAAAFEB64C45" box="[151,326,1362,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28</th>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA121C0FAAAFE2E4C45" box="[458,478,1362,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ɗ</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12216FAAAFDBF4C45" box="[540,591,1362,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">169*</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1229DFAAAFD414C45" box="[663,689,1362,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">21</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA122E0FAAAFCD34C45" box="[746,803,1362,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.111</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA1236FFAAAFC7B4C45" box="[869,907,1362,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">197</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA123C6FAAAFC174C45" box="[972,999,1362,1385]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">42</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA12415FAAAFB744C45" box="[1055,1156,1362,1385]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17–17–15</td>
<td id="5B625DFBFF962FA124C9FAAAFA6C4C45" box="[1219,1436,1362,1385]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 / 7 -----</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D05720CFFA55FAE14F5A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1452,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We have discussed above the status of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057227CFA55FB914CE8" authority="Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865" authorityName="Jan &amp; Sordelli" authorityYear="1865" box="[630,1121,1452,1477]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057227CFA55FC814CE9" box="[630,881,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, showing that its 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D057252FFA55FAA54CE9" box="[1317,1365,1453,1477]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality is indeed ‘India’. The 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D05721BCFA28FE164CC4" box="[438,486,1488,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572263FA28FC104CCB" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[617,992,1487,1512]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572263FA28FCC74CC4" box="[617,823,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes swinhonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D0572335FA37FC104CCB" author="Gunther" box="[831,992,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is “Amoy”, now Xiamen, Fujian Province, 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05720DFFA0BFDE24F27" box="[213,530,1523,1547]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
. The number of ventrals in specimens examined by Taylor is much higher than those of the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D057212BF9E0FE734F1C" box="[289,387,1560,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05721A2F9EFFD864F03" box="[424,630,1559,1583]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05721A2F9EFFD864F03" box="[424,630,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes swinhonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(156–168) and of the Indian specimen identified by us above as similar to the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D05720EEF9C3FEE44F7F" box="[228,276,1595,1619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057214BF9C3FDCF4F7E" box="[321,575,1594,1618]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057214BF9C3FDCF4F7E" box="[321,575,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We will not discuss here the status of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057241EF9C3FA684F7E" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[1044,1432,1594,1618]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057241EF9C3FB164F7E" box="[1044,1254,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes swinhonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D05724FBF9C2FA684F7E" author="Gunther" box="[1265,1432,1594,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., Pls. 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, regarded by 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D0572129F9A6FE474F5A" author="Smith" box="[291,439,1630,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D05721E7F9A7FD654F5A" author="Wagner" box="[493,661,1630,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Wagner, F. W. (1975) A revision of the Asian colubrid snakes Oligodon cinereus (Gunther), Oligodon joynsoni (Smith), and Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor). Unpublished MS thesis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, 97 pp." type="book" year="1975">Wagner (1975)</bibRefCitation>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572350F9A6FBD94F5A" box="[858,1065,1630,1654]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572350F9A6FBD94F5A" box="[858,1065,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reticulated morph).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D05720CFF979FC024E66" blockId="9.[151,1436,1452,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The four 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572126F979FEAF4FB5" box="[300,351,1665,1689]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thai</collectingCountry>
specimens of the 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D057222DF979FD054FB5" box="[551,757,1665,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D057222DF979FD054FB5" box="[551,757,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D05723D2F979FB824FB5" author="Taylor" box="[984,1138,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
agree in scalation and pattern with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05721D9F95DFC5A4F90" authority="Smith, 1917" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1917" box="[467,938,1700,1725]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="longicauda" subSpecies="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05721D9F95DFCE74F91" box="[467,791,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simotes longicauda joynsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D057232AF95CFC5A4F90" author="Smith" box="[800,938,1700,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Smith, M. A. (1917) Description of a new snake and a new frog from Siam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2 (4), 276 - 278" type="journal article" year="1917">Smith, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 276. 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D0572418F95DFBBA4F91" box="[1042,1098,1701,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “Maa Yome, Muang Ngow, N. 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572100F930FE834FCC" box="[266,371,1736,1760]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
”, now Muang Ngao or Muang Ngau, 
<geoCoordinate id="C3B75002FF96D0572313F930FC464FCC" box="[793,950,1736,1760]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="18.7575">18° 45' 27” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C3B75002FF96D05723C8F930FBAB4FCC" box="[962,1115,1736,1760]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" value="99.97833">99° 58' 42” E</geoCoordinate>
, Lampang Province). 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572559F930FE3B4E2F" authority="Smith, 1917" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1917" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572559F930FED84E28" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon joynsoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D057213DF913FE334E2F" author="Smith" box="[311,451,1771,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Smith, M. A. (1917) Description of a new snake and a new frog from Siam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2 (4), 276 - 278" type="journal article" year="1917">Smith, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is now considered a valid species of the 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572396F914FBED4E28" box="[924,1053,1772,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572396F914FBED4E28" box="[924,1053,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572396F914FC434E2F" box="[924,947,1772,1795]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on a high number of ventrals (&gt; 185) and subcaudals (&gt; 36). Furthermore, Taylor’s specimens were obtained from the provinces of Chiang Mai and Loei, in localities quite close to the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF96D05722B3F8CBFD194E67" box="[697,745,1843,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572360F8CBFC1B4E67" box="[874,1003,1843,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572360F8CBFC1B4E67" box="[874,1003,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572360F8CBFC714E66" box="[874,897,1843,1866]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. joynsoni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A63C36C5FF96D05420CFF8AFFB46484D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1452,2009]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,354]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We identify as 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D0572161F8AEFDCA4E42" box="[363,570,1878,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572161F8AEFDCA4E42" box="[363,570,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligodon joynsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the four specimens described by Taylor and referred to 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05724ACF8AFFA6C4E42" box="[1190,1436,1878,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="swinhonis">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05724ACF8AFFA6C4E42" box="[1190,1436,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05724ACF8AFFB4D4E42" box="[1190,1213,1879,1902]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus swinhonis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05720C2F882FE014EBD" box="[200,497,1913,1937]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05720C2F882FE014EBD" box="[200,497,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05720C2F882FF2F4EBD" box="[200,223,1914,1937]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
. cinereus multifasciatus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The current range of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF96D05722FCF882FC8A4EBD" box="[758,890,1914,1937]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05722FCF882FCFA4EBD" box="[758,778,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05722FCF882FCFA4EBD" box="[758,778,1914,1937]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D0572311F882FC8A4EBD" box="[795,890,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">joynsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a relatively rarely encountered species, known from northern 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D0572136F865FE6F4E99" box="[316,415,1949,1973]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05721DDF866FDE04E99" box="[471,528,1950,1973]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laos</collectingCountry>
, is given in 
<figureCitation id="3EB82A40FF96D0572290F865FD2C4E99" box="[666,732,1949,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1497,1520]" captionTargetBox="[315,1254,402,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[315,1256,402,1482]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Range of Oligodon joynsoni. Solid circles = examined specimens; star = type locality of Simotes longicauda joynsoni Smith, 1917." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277038/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(after 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D0572322F865FC5D4E99" author="Smith" box="[808,941,1949,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-chinese subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D05723B0F865FBB54E99" author="Taylor" box="[954,1093,1949,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF96D0572458F865FA9A4E99" author="Nabhitabhata" box="[1106,1386,1949,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Nabhitabhata, J., Chan-ard, T. &amp; Chuaynkern, Y. (2004 [dated &quot; 2000 &quot;]) Checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP), Bangkok, Biodiversity Series, Vol. 9, 152 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Nabhitabhata 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05724E5F866FAD84E99" box="[1263,1320,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; our material). This species is now known from the following localities: 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF96D05723BBF838FBEE4EF5" bold="true" box="[945,1054,1984,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF96D05723BBF838FBEE4EF5" box="[945,1054,1984,2009]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Chiang Mai Province: North of Chiang 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D05420FAFF60FED24983" box="[240,290,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dao</collectingCountry>
. Lampang Province: Muang Ngao; Mae Wang. Loei Province: No locality. 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D0542473FF60FB42499C" bold="true" box="[1145,1202,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D0542473FF60FB42499C" box="[1145,1202,152,176]" name="Laos" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Laos</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. No precise locality. 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF95D054209DFF43FE3049FF" author="Nabhitabhata" box="[151,448,187,211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Nabhitabhata, J., Chan-ard, T. &amp; Chuaynkern, Y. (2004 [dated &quot; 2000 &quot;]) Checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP), Bangkok, Biodiversity Series, Vol. 9, 152 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Nabhitabhata 
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D054213CFF44FE8149FF" box="[310,369,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2004
</bibRefCitation>
:120) also recorded this species from the 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D0542397FF43FC2049FF" box="[925,976,187,211]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thai</collectingCountry>
provinces of Kamphaeng Phet (Khlong Lan) and Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai). However, no information on their scalation was provided and given that confusion with 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF95D054214CFEFAFDE54836" box="[326,533,258,282]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D054214CFEFAFDE54836" box="[326,533,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oligodon cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easy, we regard these localities as in need of confirmation. 
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF95D05424DAFEFAFA6C4836" author="Taylor" box="[1232,1436,258,282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1965) The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 45 (9), 609 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1965">Taylor (1965:781)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF95D054211EFEDFFE664812" box="[276,406,295,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D054211EFEDFFE664812" box="[276,406,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D054211EFEDFFEDB4812" box="[276,299,295,318]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. joynsoni
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D05421D1FEDEFDCE4812" box="[475,574,294,318]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thailand</collectingCountry>
but stated not to have seen specimens. This confusion probably arose due to the fact that the 
<typeStatus id="79388867FF95D0542141FEB1FE5D484D" box="[331,429,329,353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF95D05421D9FEB2FD7B484D" box="[467,651,329,353]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Simotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D05421D9FEB2FD7B484D" box="[467,651,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. multifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees in pattern with 
<taxonomicName id="61834D46FF95D0542381FEB2FB42484D" authority="Smith, 1917" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1917" box="[907,1202,329,353]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joynsoni">
<emphasis id="94F7EAD7FF95D0542381FEB2FBFC484D" box="[907,1036,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="DE947655FF95D0542381FEB2FC52484D" box="[907,930,330,353]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</collectingCountry>
. joynsoni
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C2124B34FF95D0542411FEB1FB5A484D" author="Smith" box="[1051,1194,329,353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Smith, M. A. (1917) Description of a new snake and a new frog from Siam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2 (4), 276 - 278" type="journal article" year="1917">Smith, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>