154 lines
15 KiB
XML
154 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="A265A37391ADC1F4C64FB889D073EDAB" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efaaff94-5840-43da-b0f8-960cf6019cf8" ModsDocID="z00287p001" checkinTime="1246633761297" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="James S. Albert & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2003" docId="2DD5F0A880551F8345CB0217F0508807" docLanguage="en" docName="2003_Albert_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 287" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470" docTitle="Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton, 2003, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="48B8827A5885C5F6BDE72CC2E6AFA433" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus)." masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1701313890373" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B544635A0C33F58F729E1C537F975FF">
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<mods:title id="5308D65900E518ED7B0D97F25BC3BA06">Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EDD421F2132A99C3BAF36B0CD60792BE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="18B2F2E9B45CC446AB27B1DBA91E2124">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1ACD5D62A7EB3F06B2C84E5BB74E806D">James S. Albert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="578983CDC0B7D12DD2BCB166FDBFFB0A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="378958AC55680997F8329392B34C3F1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D79D266AC175FFC391C9D2F4F3F0FA37">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7ACE2005FC825860DA75B764BB4D4DAC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1682844774F4A7329FF3697A5C142F2F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3DA60E6EA02BFE03C3930E71BFE51815">
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<mods:date id="09A55C38438D5D92954AC2703C2B5550">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="27161B825C092822C0B8D398F93063AA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="115BD236C66954B7004CBC52A4DB448A">287</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6095E7FD1A057418B1C9222C7EAD1E97">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="422B047AACE5E44F2EE07D7C882D9BA7">54</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="7E96CE9FBA681BE049CBD9F31038915E">
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<mods:url id="C27580813B841B1CC8A16485F3D54B03">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="8BFE6FD0487D705CD7CB1450C14FFA5B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3B5BB26546470AFBFD8F71807F851CCA" type="Plazi-Custom">z00287p001</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2DD5F0A880551F8345CB0217F0508807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273864" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5986836-04FE-429C-917A-4AEF05E3BD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DD5F0A880551F8345CB0217F0508807" lastPageNumber="36" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="D950D7905CEA6EBD5E41467A6A70B07A" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="25AD30B6B94FBB297460F3BD0B3C5221" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="DFDC32E573D9D3FCC1A739CC5B5AD488" ID-CoL="3HVN3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5986836-04FE-429C-917A-4AEF05E3BD15" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton 2003:34" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguensis">Gymnotus paraguensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="26221926A100D6A75744ED5C5A65D340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Albert and Crampton
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06EF73C083F4039A27C43050760316AF" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B6A2EB3D196C926412333AB2A5A4A2B1" pageNumber="34">(Fig. 7; Tables 2 and 3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01412295299E021C33A9913D3FFFF817" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DD27A55A1677A3290459367E5F3CE5EF" pageNumber="34">
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<materialsCitation id="5730E4345F5D1685654DA1E8B170D1A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930774" country="Paraguay">
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<typeStatus id="82998D098A2C516E8D753805624FF01C">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4BA516D92D5ED27479E9B43C651C5C5E" collectionName="USA, Michigan, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology">UMMZ</collectionCode>
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206155 (1), 222 mm, collected 27 June, 1983, at Itapua, Arroyo Tembey, 7.4 km SW of San Rafael,
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<normalizedToken id="43A70F0DDAFE57560505A388E8D487A8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Parana drainage,
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<collectingCountry id="B929E5651034B013B4AE0DC9F0B13707">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="F009C46DD7C055B80747AD63836BD35F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-26.583334">26°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="670E418E49BD3CAD6C2130F5AD242C91" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-55.566666">55°34'W</geoCoordinate>
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) by R. Bailey, J. Taylor, T. Grimshaw, P. Myers, and L. Creighton.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B49ED871F0F0C53E01F4953A8E274D03" pageNumber="34">
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<materialsCitation id="8BAFB029F76AE85C51FEAFA299B23FA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930772" country="Paraguay">
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<typeStatus id="506958E7CEE7916D86DBF2D86574B18C">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="70297B81A44E2A3F9BFDDB3EF69BFF72" collectionName="USA, Michigan, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology">UMMZ</collectionCode>
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240700, 193 mm, collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="09FF7804118D7C093050FB1D5AC128E0" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="804FC281069AC480AB0294D2A55A43DA" pageNumber="34">
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Nontypes: 3 lots, 3 specimens.
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<materialsCitation id="5289AF2400DA31732259088C1D1231C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930788" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso Do Sul">
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<collectionCode id="626686441769C9A2F57BDA3D9393E5E4" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)">FMNH</collectionCode>
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108546 (1), 164 mm, 03 November, 1998, at
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<normalizedToken id="1916B87E009A1C7613F90B197886CFB4" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Nueva in Brejo do Santo Sofia,
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<collectingRegion id="4495EFCB4B412E5A202E72213A161456">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EE6735988DA89832F41EF8D67EC43D62">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="F6BF059BD72B5C7755634F55C235F425" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930781" country="Paraguay" stateProvince="Canindeyu">
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<collectionCode id="5DF5259A3133C61F3BAA54BE9968C3A8" collectionName="NRM">NRM</collectionCode>
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42380 (in part) (1 of 2), 240 mm, 28 February, 1988, at Saltos da Guaira, Mulle
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<normalizedToken id="BC482E152735997F5EEC9163C817D8A2" originalValue="Ytaipú">Ytaipu</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="BD98F9A758D8B0000A8C5D0408343160" originalValue="Canindeyú">
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<collectingRegion id="61624E160863CA1C0CC63F665CE28259">Canindeyu</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="AACB96B54E881B944D2C7EF0FB2DD721" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="87F569C798E8E5C0F9DDED0DCAF26A4C" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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drainage,
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<collectingCountry id="1307EE8F0179F48EE24F9B075BD476C8">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="9A9A4A035BAAA83F76268E2ACB8ECC29" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-24.062222">24°03'44" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BBC9BDB3FDB2EF2EF106BD9BFACF6FCB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-54.3">54°18'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEB112692B6FC7FF22FAC81FC34D9913" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="454C78406ADF6621BF312B4141C798DC" pageNumber="34">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="42DB802DF3E01DFDD5F611F4B04A0B7E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5986836-04FE-429C-917A-4AEF05E3BD15" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton 2003:34" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguensis">Gymnotus paraguensis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="B55696878ED8697AF86D21C69F68ED51" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group by: 1, a color pattern composed of regularly arranged, unpaired (evenly pigmented), dark bands with straight, high contrast margins, with 4-7 inverted Y- shaped, or sometimes X-shaped, or discontinuous dark pigment bands in middle to posterior portions of body; 2, many short lateral line ventral rami (49-55 [median 51, n=3]).
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<taxonomicName id="1E977B6C05F60FE70BCE6487556A6913" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5986836-04FE-429C-917A-4AEF05E3BD15" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton 2003:34" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguensis">Gymnotus paraguensis</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7D52FE1ED273A3AAAA37401666FEAEA1" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="choco">G. choco</taxonomicName>
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from the Pacific slope of Colombia, from which it can be distinguished by characters provided in the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="970A947DD5FF09469EF038C22EAC2984" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="choco">G. choco</taxonomicName>
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(above).
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<taxonomicName id="D7EAFB8E956904AD432A4B3937F1B450" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5986836-04FE-429C-917A-4AEF05E3BD15" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus paraguensis Albert & Crampton 2003:34" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguensis">Gymnotus paraguensis</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from other taxa of the
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<taxonomicName id="2DA04E19A97F09F1C02CEB18F315A5DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group by the unique combination of character states provided in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82213E5E5B12CE3D7BF8F2FD46B3D548" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB6D5FD89F41562835621341D3F7F1DD" pageNumber="35">Description. Fig. 7 illustrates head and body shape and pigment patterns. Morphometric data in Table 2 and meristic data in Table 3. Size up to 224 mm. Size at reproductive maturity and sexual dimorphism unknown. Scales present on entire post-cranial portion of body from nape to caudal appendage. Scales above lateral line large, 6 to dorsal midline at midbody Scales ovoid over most of body, 1.5 times as long as deep. Gape size in mature specimens large, extending to or beyond posterior nares. Mouth position superior, rictus decurved. Eye position below horizontal line from front of mouth. Anterior narial pore partially or entirely included within gape. Circumorbital series ovoid. Caudal appendage short, less 0.5 times length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ, extending along entire ventral margin of body. Electric organ discharge not known.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="653BAE15E8EC7E6394998C33028ACBBA" lastPageNumber="36" pageNumber="35">Many osteological features not known due to paucity of specimens for clearing and staining; some character states were determined from radiographs. Dorsoposterior laterosensory ramus of preopercle with two superficial pores. Cranial fontanels closed in juveniles and adults. Anterior margin of frontal straight, continuous with margins of adjacent roofing bones. Frontal shape narrow, width at fourth infraorbital less than that of parietal. Anterior limb of cleithrum long, more than 1.8 times ascending limb. Rib 5 robust along its entire extent, less than 3 times width of rib 6. Hemal spines present. Displaced hemal spines absent. Multiple anal-fin ray branching posterior to rays 10-17. Lateral line dorsal rami absent in adults. Length anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69A0BDA8845D3BAB352B40F4293D6A5B" pageNumber="36">Color in alcohol. Ground color of body pale brown without countershading. Chromatophores not concentrated along dorsum near midline. Body with 23-26 (median 24, n=3) dark brown obliquely oriented pigment bands (or band-pairs) extending from tip of tail to nape. Dark bands evenly pigmented along entire body with band margins as dark as band middles. Bands meet on mid-dorsum along entire body length. Interband contrast similar along entire body axis. Three dark bands from either side meet on ventral midline, between anus and anal-fin origin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DA8442A722A0F1B6E736FE4685A0DF1" pageNumber="36">Head not banded, its ground color dark brown dorsally grading to lighter brown ventrally, without freckles and with numerous speckles distributed over branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head. Pectoral-fin rays brown, interradial membranes hyaline. Anal-fin membrane divided into three parts along body axis: anterior 40% brown, mid 40% black, posterior 20% translucent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="26E5E44CF6436BD25F839D9F0AB57891" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7EEE6B05503C0AE603827F92826C1C2F" pageNumber="36">
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Distribution. Known only from the
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<normalizedToken id="19D5EACF51C56AB05375F32456590A7C" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Paraguay basin; in Paraguay from the
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<normalizedToken id="B49261F7C859F669BA874E6D953CC387" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Itapua, and Brazil from the Rio Nueva, Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="905DD905EF21932161C0978FA398403C" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="A00426345E098F03182E6F8E7942D5B5" pageNumber="36">Common name. Tuvira (Brazil), morenita (Argentina).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC2AC3012B0A2FEFDC87BDD4A3A5CE62" pageNumber="36">
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Etymology. The specific epithet is named for the
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<normalizedToken id="D38660CC32AD5E6A4D3A6932A1BBD5FC" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Paraguay. An adjective.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |