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<mods:title id="C937DBDC9449A50CA44ACACDB9C929E6">Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFAC7363FF23F87AF73366A0" ID-CoL="6P8WM" ID-ENA="1979133" authority="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017" authorityName="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,849,1935,1962]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kimuraorum">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFAC7363FF23F87AF73366A0" bold="true" box="[151,849,1935,1962]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFAC7363FF23F87AF5A666A0" bold="true" box="[151,452,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Leocratides kimuraorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C1214B03FFAC7363FE7FF865F73366A0" author="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" box="[459,849,1936,1962]" firstAuthor="Jimi" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="133 - 141" refId="ref86028" refString="Jimi, N., Tanaka, M. &amp; Kajihara, H. (2017) Leocratides (Annelida: Hesionidae) from the Pacific coast of Middle Honshu, Japan, with a description of Leocratides kimuraorum sp. nov. Species Diversity, 22, 133 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 22 _ 133" type="journal article" year="2017">Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A50F36F2FFAC737CFF23F821F5E56015" blockId="79.[151,930,2003,2028]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1437,152,719]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<treatmentCitation id="241110E3FFAC7363FF23F821F75B66E6" author="Jimi, N. &amp; Tanaka, M. &amp; Kajihara, H." box="[151,825,2003,2028]" page="137" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFAC7363FF23F821F75B66E6" ID-CoL="6P8WM" authority="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017: 134 - 137" authorityName="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" authorityPageNumber="134 - 137" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,825,2003,2028]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kimuraorum">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFAC7363FF23F821F5F066E6" box="[151,402,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Leocratides kimuraorum</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="15D83CAFFFAC7363FE2DF826F75B66E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2565941467" box="[409,825,2003,2028]" collectingDate="2016-10-12" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="Shima Peninsula, TR &amp; V Seisui-maru &amp; Sta. &amp; N. Jimi" country="Japan" elevation="104" latitude="34.194332" location="Japan" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="136.7115" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCode="NSMT 623-624" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="C1214B03FFAC7363FE2DF826F75B66E6" author="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" box="[409,825,2003,2028]" firstAuthor="Jimi" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="133 - 141" refId="ref86028" refString="Jimi, N., Tanaka, M. &amp; Kajihara, H. (2017) Leocratides (Annelida: Hesionidae) from the Pacific coast of Middle Honshu, Japan, with a description of Leocratides kimuraorum sp. nov. Species Diversity, 22, 133 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 22 _ 133" type="journal article" year="2017">Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017: 134–137</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3D8B2A77FFAC7363FCF7F826F7FC66E6" box="[835,926,2003,2028]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1362,1387]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1806,1831]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,705,1338]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1413,418,1781]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,705,1338]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[170,1418,417,1781]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Anterior end in dorsal view and exposed pharynx in frontal or oblique ventral view, rearranged after Pettibone (1970). A. Leocrates claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868), anterior end. B. Same, exposed pharynx. C. Leocrates oculatus (Treadwell, 1906), anterior end. D. Same, exposed pharynx. E. Leocrates diplognathus (Monro, 1926), anterior end. F. Same, exposed pharynx. G. Leocratides filamentosus Ehlers, 1908. H. Same, exposed pharynx. Scale bars: A, B: 0.4 mm, C, D, F: 0.8 mm, E: 0.3 mm, G, H: 1.0 mm (asterisk indicates nuchal organ; De: denticles; DJ: double jaw; DT: dorsolateral tubercles; LV: lateral vesicle, SJ: single jaw; TJ: transverse jaw) (Images produced by Marian Pettibone; reproduced with permission of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Leocrates claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868), non-type specimens (USNM 5131), anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx everted. B. Another specimen, anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx fully everted. C. Same, pharynx and jaws, left lateral view (1: Pharynx ring I, 2: Pharynx ring II, AM: anterior margin, DT: dorsolateral tubercle, LJ: lower jaw, LV: lateral vesicle, Pe: peristomium, TB: tentacular belt, UJ: upper jaw). D. Lamprophaea poupini n. sp., holotype (UF 858), anterior end, right lateral view, after SAS (1–8: tentacular cirri, Ch: chaetiger, LA: lateral antenna, NO: nuchal organ lobe, Pa: palp, TB: tentacular belt). Scale bars: A, C: 0.5 mm, B: 0.7 mm, D: 0.3 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672549" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672551" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3672549/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3672551/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFF23FF6CF52361B9" bold="true" box="[151,321,152,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Type material</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFEE6FF6CF5F961B9" bold="true" box="[338,411,153,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry id="DDA77662FFB3737CFEE6FF6CF5F961B9" box="[338,411,153,179]" name="Japan" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="7A0B8850FFB3737CFE18FF6CF67661B9" box="[428,532,153,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(NSMT H-622) and
<specimenCount id="B3B6FD7BFFB3737CFCB9FF6DF7F261B9" box="[781,912,152,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">5 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="F5169E89FFB3737CFC16FF6CF00361BE" box="[930,1121,153,180]" collectionCode="NSMT" country="Japan" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">NSMT 623–624</specimenCode>
), off
<collectorName id="08455324FFB3737CFB15FF6CF1F661B9" box="[1185,1428,153,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Shima Peninsula, TR</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="08455324FFB3737CFF23FF48F55C61DD" box="[151,318,189,215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">V Seisui-maru</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="08455324FFB3737CFEF8FF48F51561DD" box="[332,375,189,215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Sta.</collectorName>
1 (
<geoCoordinate id="C0845035FFB3737CFE2BFF48F64F61DD" box="[415,557,189,215]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="11.63" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="9" value="34.193832">34°11.63’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C0845035FFB3737CFD8FFF49F6B361DD" box="[571,721,188,215]" degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="42.56" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="9" value="136.70934">136°42.56’ E</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="C0845035FFB3737CFD4DFF48F7E461DD" box="[761,902,189,215]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="11.66" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="9" value="34.194332">34°11.66’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C0845035FFB3737CFC27FF48F04E61DD" box="[915,1068,189,215]" degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="42.69" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="9" value="136.7115">136°42.69’ E</geoCoordinate>
), demosponge and hexactinellid sponges,
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFEB4FF14F5E361F1" box="[256,385,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.04" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="104.0" valueMin="103.0">
<elevation id="2E9DD1C1FFB3737CFEB4FF14F5E361F1" box="[256,385,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.04" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="104.0" valueMin="103.0">103–104 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D10E1032FFB3737CFE39FF14F64061F1" box="[397,546,225,251]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2016-10-12">
<collectingDate id="C14AE9DAFFB3737CFE39FF14F64061F1" box="[397,546,225,251]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2016-10-12">12 Oct. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="08455324FFB3737CFD99FF14F6E161F1" box="[557,643,225,251]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">N. Jimi</collectorName>
, coll. [
<typeStatus id="7A0B8850FFB3737CFD79FF14F75061F1" box="[717,818,225,251]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFC8DFF14F7EA61F1" box="[825,904,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFC7BFF15F07261F1" box="[975,1040,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
wide;
<typeStatus id="7A0B8850FFB3737CFBE9FF14F0AA61F1" box="[1117,1224,225,251]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFB7BFF14F12561F1" box="[1231,1351,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="11.0">11–19 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFA3AFF14F4A16015" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide (not seen)].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDAA6579FFB3737CFF73FEDDF0586081" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A50F36F2FFB3737CFF73FEDDF0586081" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFF73FEDDF5586049" bold="true" box="[199,314,296,323]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFEFFFEDCF5AD6049" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1908" box="[331,463,297,323]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFEFFFEDCF5AD6049" box="[331,463,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Leocratides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with peristomial dorsolateral tubercles with two round marginal lobes. Neuracicular lobes as long as wide, mucronate. Venter with black spots along middle and posterior segments, 1–2 spots one behind the other, and two larger spots transversely arranged in each neuropodial area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDAA6579FFB3737CFF73FE60F52663A1" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A50F36F2FFB3737CFF73FE60F52663A1" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFF73FE60F55660A5" bold="true" box="[199,308,405,431]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFEF5FE60F7CD60A5" authority="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017" authorityName="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,943,405,431]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kimuraorum">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFEF5FE60F63760A5" box="[321,597,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Leocratides kimuraorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C1214B03FFB3737CFDEFFE60F7CD60A5" author="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" box="[603,943,405,431]" firstAuthor="Jimi" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="133 - 141" refId="ref86028" refString="Jimi, N., Tanaka, M. &amp; Kajihara, H. (2017) Leocratides (Annelida: Hesionidae) from the Pacific coast of Middle Honshu, Japan, with a description of Leocratides kimuraorum sp. nov. Species Diversity, 22, 133 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 22 _ 133" type="journal article" year="2017">Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described recently partially on the basis of specimens previously recorded as
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFDF4FE4FF68F60D9" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1908" box="[576,749,441,467]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFDF4FE4FF68F60D9" box="[576,749,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C1214B03FFB3737CFCAFFE4CF05A60D9" author="Imajima" box="[795,1080,441,467]" firstAuthor="Imajima" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 221" refId="ref85802" refString="Imajima, M. (2003) Polychaetous annelids from Sagami Bay and Sagami Sea collected by the Emperor Showa of Japan and deposited at the Showa Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, Tokyo, 2. Orders included within the Phyllodocida, Amphinomida, Spintherida and Eunicida. National Science Museum Monographs, 23, 1 - 221. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / naid / 110004708004 / en]" type="journal article" year="2003">Imajima (2003: 136–138</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 80); such that the species needs no redescription. As indicated in the key above,
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFCB2FE2BF7CD60FD" authorityName="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" box="[774,943,477,503]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kimuraorum">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFCB2FE2BF7CD60FD" box="[774,943,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. kimuraorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFB84FE2BF15960FD" authority="(Horst, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Horst" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1072,1339,477,503]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFB84FE2BF0F960FD" box="[1072,1179,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. ehlersi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C1214B03FFB3737CFB1FFE28F15160FD" author="Horst" box="[1195,1331,477,503]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="73 - 83" refId="ref85723" refString="Horst, R. (1921) A review of the family of Hesionidae with a description of two new species. Zoologische Mededeelingen, 6, 73 - 83. [http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 149445]" type="journal article" year="1921">Horst, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
because both have peristomial dorsolateral ridges with a few to none lobes, and by having some ventral pigmentation. These species differ, however, by the
<typeStatus id="7A0B8850FFB3737CFE44FDD0F6426335" box="[496,544,549,575]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
of neuracicular lobes and pigmentation patterns. In
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFBD0FDD3F1696335" authorityName="Jimi, Tanaka &amp; Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" box="[1124,1291,549,575]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kimuraorum">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFBD0FDD3F1696335" box="[1124,1291,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. kimuraorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
neuracicular lobes are as long as wide and mucronate, and ventral pigmentation is spotty, not continuous, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="62B04D71FFB3737CFA86FDBFF1FE6369" baseAuthorityName="Horst" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1330,1436,585,611]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Leocratides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFA86FDBFF1FE6369" box="[1330,1436,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">L. ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
neuracicular lobes are twice longer than wide, triangular but non-mucronate, and pigmentation is a continuous brownish band.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDAA6579FFB3737CFF73FD41F79F63C5" box="[199,1021,692,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A50F36F2FFB3737CFF73FD41F79F63C5" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,719]" box="[199,1021,692,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="97C4EAE0FFB3737CFF73FD41F53B63C5" bold="true" box="[199,345,692,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Distribution</emphasis>
. Off Shima Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="DDA77662FFB3737CFDEAFD40F6C363C5" box="[606,673,693,719]" name="Japan" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Japan</collectingCountry>
, in sponges,
<quantity id="62489B17FFB3737CFC85FD40F7D263C5" box="[817,944,693,719]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.04" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="104.0" valueMin="103.0">103–104 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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