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<mods:title id="24853B97FC91F2BA78A5913E3D198B3C">First description of the male with redescription of the female of Araneus strandiellus Charitonov, 1951 (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F33CCE680C2F043C29537AD2F688903">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="410448885F82AF32BA5D0C04F03E21EF">Sestakova, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC71F901086D94E2CF32FB9FDB0AE708">Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="2CC9F525E9A774262E59827C05F39E1C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2CC9F525E9A774262E59827C05F39E1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CC9F525E9A774262E59827C05F39E1C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="47AE11259D6F0A5F6ED6654BB8E5035A" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="33722E4E16C3ED796803A1656A254D06" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="F60F974829917BA973EB9596F5CBBCAD" ID-CoL="G5MG" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Araneus_strandiellus" authority="Charitonov, 1951" authorityName="Charitonov" authorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus Charitonov, 1951</taxonomicName>
Figs 1-14, 18-21
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EBCBB041AC54BB475F530B6C3C612EB" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="757E8E34BA68BF7C48B87FCFEA0F8B37" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="6ADB3F206B3D9F77C59BB8437A079C9D" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B15F6912CE9F176A33DA3A61597011C7" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Charitonov 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 210, f. 2a-b (♀).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD48D8664BAECDD93FABBCE1E44F9B78" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="FEB2329BB0BD69696240175ECFD6F4F1" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="48AE06784CF16B95913DE367D8013430" author="Pavlenko, TV" editor="Ovcharenko, VI" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta, Leningrad" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" pagination="147 - 155" title="Spatial distribution of spiders in natural complexes of Barsakel'mes Island (Aral sea)." volume="139" volumeTitle="Fauna and ecology of spiders of USSR." year="1985">Pavlenko 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 153;
<bibRefCitation id="BA5A7148F71B5DAEFAA6C1224CE6E302" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Marusik 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 41;
<bibRefCitation id="5EE4C627B6C28D3ED23C4C84D4B6BDE3" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Khabarly Kazakhstan SSR Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" pagination="14 - 23" title="The catalogue of orbweaving spiders in Kazakhstan. Familia: Araneidae." volume="4" year="1990">Marusik et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 17;
<bibRefCitation id="797FE461045FD4B3754F101DF77A35BD" author="Mikhailov, KG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" title="Catalogue of the spiders of the territories of the former Soviet Union (Arachnida, Aranei)." year="1997">Mikhailov 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 116;
<taxonomicName id="F25929EED5D02D5F6A0C0277497E116F" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="19752EF4EC0007D4FF2E5B0B496ECC33" author="Logunov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Ber nat-med Verein Innsbruck" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" pagination="125 - 159" title="A check-list of the spiders in Tuva, South Siberia with analysis of their habitat distribution." volume="85" year="1998">Logunov et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 130;
<bibRefCitation id="2482B76D16C2A78B9137CBC9472F8DCF" author="Marusik, YM" journalOrPublisher="Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Magadan" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" title="Spiders of Tuva, south Siberia." year="2000">Marusik et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 13.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CA787D063D9FEE5BA0E6C31E865D99E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="B13E09DF6E43C87EF018E3071FAE5172" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6484EE7E42A9DAD159C29B94AB95293B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
Holotype ♀ (PSU), TAJIKISTAN, Varzob botanical Station, 30.07.1945 (V.V.Gussakovski) [ca
<geoCoordinate id="190647C279BDA05BADF055B82155542B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="38.833332">38°50'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DA167B25E62B6E87D263BD4D334504D7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="68.833336">68°50'E</geoCoordinate>
]. KAZAKHSTAN, Almaty
<pageBreakToken id="1866653C0BA6752E9E468E354E935723" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" start="start">Area</pageBreakToken>
: 1♂ 3♀ 1juv. (ZMMU), environs of Bakans Town, tugai and thicket, June 1986 (Ch.K. Tarabaev); 1♀ (AGA), Charyn River canyon, Sartogai Boundary, 12.06.1993 (S.V. Ovchinnikov). RUSSIA, Tuva: 1♂ 4♀ (IBPN),
<normalizedToken id="087DF7F302E289FD360292605E7789C2" originalValue="Tere-Khol’">Tere-Khol'</normalizedToken>
Lake, Sharlaa Stand and around,
<geoCoordinate id="AF2A0061AB730280F72BF8063B742A09" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="40.0245">40°01.47'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="00D2B4920EF55AD65EB1A50AC1E73917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="95.0575">95°03.45'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1150 m, 6-14.07.1996 (Yu.M.Marusik); 1♂ 1♀ (ISEA),
<normalizedToken id="86EC78C40F6FD90DACC08696B18D81A6" originalValue="Tere-Khol’">Tere-Khol'</normalizedToken>
Lake, SE shore, Eder-Elezin Sands (Desert), 1150 m, 12.07.1993 (Yu.M. Marusik); 1♂ (ISEA),
<normalizedToken id="3921A6A31407EB39D99B39DF87A59A80" originalValue="Tere-Khol’">Tere-Khol'</normalizedToken>
Lake, S shore, sands with sparse Caragana shrubs, 6-26.05.1990 (O. Lyakhov).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="097BAFF80700D4DC2AF41A4A511C7E25" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="05B1D39677E552C8AB8E3058C9CB3093" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43B21849676FF79D3AA5D07783DCDAA0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
Habitus, pattern and copulatory organs of
<taxonomicName id="3B72493F6A05B0CD42300F94F4A5A620" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
resemble only those in
<taxonomicName id="FBA4B666FCBD70AEB0DDAA0DC23CE261" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
. Both species have simple, weakly sclerotised epigyne with inflexible scapus; males lack stipes, subterminal apophysis, embolic cup, and have
<pageBreakToken id="3101E4FA79A8481D86A9EA2EF8B88851" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" start="start">weakly</pageBreakToken>
sclerotised conductor; long filamentous embolus; long (as embolus), narrow terminal apophysis; median apophysis with one prolaterally directed process (Fig. 9-17) (much shorter non filamentous embolus, and median apophysis with two
<pageBreakToken id="C97EBF26F34D5C6307F95C3C592C5176" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" start="start">processes</pageBreakToken>
in majority of
<taxonomicName id="187C2FBA2C6276811C1FDD129751BEBA" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
s.s., e. g. diadematus group (
<bibRefCitation id="A0E956F620A928C09C56D0559AE8AC0D" author="Levi, HW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" pagination="131 - 179" title="The diadematus group of the orb-weaver genus Araneus north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae)." volume="141" year="1971">Levi 1971</bibRefCitation>
)) and males have unmodified tibia II.
<taxonomicName id="EA55C565D413C79F982F8B4119CF4DDA" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from sibling
<taxonomicName id="05F869D25D09B312D47840FE1FC8B54D" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
by having dorsal abdominal humps, and triangular scapus with pocket (wide, round scapus in
<taxonomicName id="A8B71F4D5EEFAD140993FD9458F43875" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
). Males of these two species can be separated from other
<taxonomicName id="FF0E084469DD3A8CA63C7C6E34065B2E" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
species by the round base of embolus, absence of the hump on tegulum and having longer median apophysis (Fig. 12, 16) with a triangular process in
<taxonomicName id="9FF823AFF4864B8C1BCFE772312715EE" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 14), and claw-like in
<taxonomicName id="43C9C957E559A7DDF8F8CBAAF28B9757" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23FCFA28DFD1DCE257DCD089E3C3DDA5" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="28F0B199CAFEA9CE64AFFEBB8CB7C4F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4AA2A530463B273201CDA38BE55F6749" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">(specimens from Kazakhstan)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9551F0D012326D9CE341DE73F29EB8E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="">
<paragraph id="232FE0972BAC88FA137F21E59918203B" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBC93A2C738283C360553FF073907EF1" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Male. Total length 3.0. Carapace 1.4 long, 1.3 wide. Length of patella + tibia I 2.15 (patella 0.7; tibia 1.45). Carapace pale brown, covered with pale hairs; indistinctly darker on margins and with elongate whitish median spot (Fig. 6). Cephalic area of carapace slightly protruding. Diameter of AME subequal to PME. Distance between PME 1.3 times longer than between AME. Basal part of chelicera and retrolateral side dark brown. Promargin of chelicera with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 small teeth. Sternum brown, with wide light spot in the centre (Fig. 7). Dorsum of abdomen with pair of small humps (Fig. 6). Humps separated by less than one diameter. Abdomen dark brown, with two white transverse bands. Venter of abdomen with dark median band, and whitish lateral bands (Fig. 7). Legs with annulations. Tibia II unmodified, similar to tibia I. Femur I prolaterally with 4 strong and long spines (Figs 5, 8) and with 7 short strong retrolateral spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EAB6C4FB43911A30D440BC7A78DD75DF" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Palp as in Figs 9-14. Patella with 2 macrosetae. Tegulum enlarged and all sclerites (embolus, conductor, radix, terminal and median apophyses) partly hidden by tegulum and cymbium. Terminal apophysis (Ta) long, flat, semicircular and weakly sclerotised; it runs apically between cymbium and tegulum. The long, thin and well sclerotised filiform embolus (Em) follows a groove in the terminal apophysis. Radix (Ra) short, stipes absent. Conductor (Co) very small, weakly sclerotised; supports tip of embolus from below. Median apophysis (Ma) with relatively small, triangular process (Pm) directed prolaterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25FC6BDA3ABF3F3A6208054C8F6C13F7" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Female. Total length 2.75-4.0. Carapace 1.25-1.45 long, 1.2-1.4 wide. Length of patella + tibia I 1.9-2.15 (patella 0.6-0.7; tibia 1.3-1.5). Coloration and pattern of carapace as in male, but paler (Figs 1-3). Diameter of AME 1.3 times smaller than PME. Distance between PME 1.4 times longer than distance between AME. Cheliceral teeth as in male. Frontal part of chelicerae yellow, retrolateral side dark. White spot in the centre of sternum wider than in male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD82B0450EE5625D8D7651602AB674FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Dorsum of abdomen with pair of conical humps separated by less than one diameter. Abdomen pale with dark pattern (Fig. 1). Venter of abdomen white between epigastric furrow and spinnerets; white area as wide as epigastric furrow (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC6E586250F1626A6992385BEFE08A6C" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken id="4581F321C74023B7DC504E9303101E1D" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" start="start">Femur</pageBreakToken>
I with 2-3 strong, long and pale spines (Figs 4). Legs yellow, with indistinct dark annulation. Ventral side of femur pale in almost all length. Patella pale with indistinct dark spot. Tibia and metatarsi without central dark rings or with small, dark spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF58DF6F533046996CB512A892752BE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Epigyne as in Figs 18-21, flat with weakly sclerotised inflexible triangular scapus (i.e. immovable merged with base of epigyne); tip of scapus with pocket (Sp); copulatory ducts and spermatheca slightly visible through cuticle. Base of epigyne always embedded in epigastric furrow, therefore posterior part visible only after its dissection or excavation.</paragraph>
<caption id="E5AFC37A96DDBB3B206BB9B77405EED3" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="E491A10AD01D2FC22DD3A71DEAEB3F8C" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Figures 1-8. Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="E27DF3F19DA595C8877C9CCEE9AB2029" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
. 1-3 female, dorsal, ventral and lateral 4 female carapace and femora I and II, prolateral 5 male femur I, prolateral 6-7 male, dorsal and ventral 8 prosoma of male, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9E7F878DA36B3C2D861FF14065FD9320" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="073EF05B43383A3835FD57EF935719F2" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Figures 9-18. Copulatory organs of
<taxonomicName id="EFFCD6A3DE6B290C0CC3096C192E78A6" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
(9-14, 18) and
<taxonomicName id="488E7F3755F968780CD4580899EC9B23" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
(15-17). 9-17 left male palp 9 prolateral 10 ventral-anterior 11 ventral-posterior 12 cymbium removed, prolateral 13 same, ventral 14 median apophysis, ventral 15 same 16 cymbium removed, prolateral 17 same, ventral 18 epigyne, posterior. Co conductor Em embolus Ma median apophysis Pm terminal process of median apophysis Ra radix Sp pocket on scapus of epigyne Ta terminal apophysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7D433F40BD956C109B0DFE0C1F94B957" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="E3C0C82B7716CDA68BFEB29043231731" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Figures 19-21. Epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="59D6789A2B0F22092D95D1D4239DFD76" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
. 19 lateral 20 ventral 21 posterior. Sp pocket on scapus of epigyne.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7B441F7B5394CD29523B264581D5C865" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="variations">
<paragraph id="136FDE244E3E527CA26A1EFC95E1292D" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B01316882A58DECBB9B400E67347F73D" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Specimens from Tuva have darker coloration, lack white spot on carapace and sternum. Females from Tuva have no wide median band on the venter of abdomen. Importance of these differences is unclear to us.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79E29287A84A083ED43CDF7710E32E63" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B81951441F3001D211A869ED4972F6C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A40CA79E3DAABF0E9283DA3169E2D396" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">The species is known from the Aral Sea to eastern Tuva (Fig. 22) south to Tajikistan.</paragraph>
<caption id="71A0A0B0DADEC51CF5169246224B55DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="B1BCCB6F4CAEA62FF6AF3549EEA1EFBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Figure 22. Known collecting localities of
<taxonomicName id="73B5E255F82364393E65490E4C13C5C1" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA9DFA24110A3802964AAD47502E9B0E" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="comments">
<paragraph id="9B9924BDBDC7798318107548769C3532" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA1EB507145DA6A11228F158BAB0D4F6" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Generic affinity to
<taxonomicName id="972890EEA5A5C538AA4FF49A5193A0EC" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
,a genus comprising over 600 species (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="88603E788BBE9D778291A4899A301ED9" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Platnick 2012</bibRefCitation>
), is debatable. In comparison to
<taxonomicName id="EC3F98E630B28997E5C25F0817CE18F5" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
s. s.,
<taxonomicName id="F01B5AEE4246D7DC406784038C628BF7" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
has only 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth (4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal in
<taxonomicName id="FD2EEB0E880AFBF6EB182FAA87927AFE" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
s.s.); females do not have heavy sclerotised epigyne and flexible scapus; and males lack stipes, subterminal apophysis and cap on embolus, conductor is very small and weak sclerotised and median apophysis has only one process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="918E16EA90970CAD8B51323DFF6FC646" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
Judging from the general shape of epigyne (presence of inflexible scapus) and the male palpal configuration (shape of median and terminal apophysis, embolus)
<taxonomicName id="8A1BAABF6AFB4AE28FBDD26AC7DE61B8" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
and probably the closest relative
<taxonomicName id="026311F3E168AEE88CEA2740FDBE8849" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
mostly resemble
<taxonomicName id="2F706DB0EA0AB9307F8216BBBAB7C930" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscona" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscona</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1864 (one of the junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="DA9CCE954312034438E545DBA6C40BED" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
was considered in
<taxonomicName id="61447E7B6F004E1F7B4787553C6FE827" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscona" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscona</taxonomicName>
) or
<taxonomicName id="5E7F875286140ACE8A3895DCD4C4EE60" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Agalenatea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agalenatea" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agalenatea</taxonomicName>
Archer, 1951. However unlike
<taxonomicName id="63C2E40D91F79A6F34A526EFCFF1BE71" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus strandiellus" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strandiellus">Araneus strandiellus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="657A08A3689FC27F9D49A34F6FA208ED" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pallasi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallasi">Araneus pallasi</taxonomicName>
, males of both
<taxonomicName id="C099AE283B5E127B469811F8380BD848" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Agalenatea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agalenatea" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agalenatea</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FE150FF14F2537DA271702B6ECA9BED8" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscona" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscona</taxonomicName>
have stipes and subterminal apophysis, an anticlockwise course of embolus, legs with hook on coxa I and modified tibia II (more numerous and stronger spines than on other legs). Epigyne of these two related species are weakly sclerotised and embedded in epigastric furrow (posterior part visible only after its dissection or excavation), while in
<taxonomicName id="B96106D993067D53CB2B854F7DB7C6AC" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Agalenatea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agalenatea" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agalenatea</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4ED4AF8C09DCF282C9607A3F7B554033" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscona" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscona</taxonomicName>
epigyne are not embedded and heavy sclerotised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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