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<document id="5C46F32E239F8130B283DCA00365313B" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v122/i2/2022/168290" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185583" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722611838534" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C. &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, K. G." docDate="2022" docId="2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.122.2.125-151.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 122 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thraulus malabarensis Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="D74CFFDFFFAD9C38FE0EFFF3FF987D60" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Thraulus Eaton, 1881 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from India with the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1722662658265" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="E12F40C97595AA9EEC09ADBB47849572" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="330203B9A0D41574C99006CEB65E49B1">
<mods:title id="56A9B50E8D5860F35344D9A988CC4F57">Contribution to the knowledge of Thraulus Eaton, 1881 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from India with the description of five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C57BAED0E08530140F03EAD7EEB07B7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="800416008244EADBDED6BD67D5A03DE5">
<mods:roleTerm id="8A81EFCD15D016CC9C8DC9A69CC959DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CFAEC22DD2D453279018F2A0AEF7CFA8">Vasanth, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97BFEE58BE002679B987A55B91F34133">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai - 600028, India; Email: subbuka. zsi @ gmail. com &amp; University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai - 600005, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E99496C9427F402253E6A433E0CDA6CF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C7DADAB37DAADE0AA68BFCB14C09944">
<mods:roleTerm id="9916BBE27249CA8E5591A669F6CDD031">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="481F0C1D157A58943A5581BB122CB4DB">Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7649288B043B4FBD31555265863312AF">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai - 600028, India; Email: subbuka. zsi @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0464052EF1A7637710B9D7C324690028" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9371C3F5CABC2BAFEF4F59C8DDC013E3">
<mods:roleTerm id="FC67BAF5697727C3DBE0D9EC204BDB01">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CBCC4885C4D5884EEFFD0783ECDC4F2D">Selvakumar, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9640C111B67C9B39998D3001A5EBBEF">Department of Zoology, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai - 625011, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8C964DD8E84EAEBF3341A2E872DF1C08" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5E48BB06CCCA17B986D3FC9014997917">
<mods:roleTerm id="31581EBCFAB887BFA2E4E9E0C77140BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8AF86C1116A6E7497F5084AAC5B7D3F0">Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C79401BFA59381F49A2D763CD1ECE5D">Flat No 3, Door No 7, Gokulam Apartment, Gokulam Colony, West Mambalam, Chennai - 600033, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B06BFE723AF07C3AD645B2462B3AA4D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="750ECDE0D7FA06459FB32B20DF004329" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BE7A0620032DC7BAF1103D67D7084351">
<mods:title id="72FA12CC8299F5D355E46750CA97302C">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D4826B00C9778BD42CEA2FF029B2087E">
<mods:date id="E244003C8602C653482439CA26BDDF40">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9DBA72850CE7B08ED89EE42AEA6207E2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A6B96AE9BD4941FD80A4854598C8B665">122</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C25CB8C8325F57994B47F601ED625C64" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C8D63199DA28099674747FCBD8C45560">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="2689DE1052BF7B91610A3BF5BA56A5F4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="94E7B2C5C2464A58E29F9B6985DBAABB">125</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EFF4EDD8377927DAE6E21CC0630C9515">151</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="157C362F03590AF4FED82E061BDA7D14">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8B50C43CE6879609BE5ED6ABFBFAA134" type="DOI">10.26515/rzsi/v122/i2/2022/168290</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="42162F74DF34FCAED09E0D7B9AE125BB" type="ISSN">2581-8686</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A84F6E45ECCBDE1C2748D9B675846D2" type="Zenodo-Dep">13185583</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA79C32FD4DFA1EFBBB7B4C" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DFA1EFBBB7B4C" blockId="10.[835,1472,1517,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="F82B81DDFFA79C32FD4DFA1EFBBB7B4C" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA79C32FD4DFA1EFC5E7B4C" authority="Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar" authorityName="Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DFA1EFBC27B68" bold="true" box="[835,1114,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FDC2F9E1FBBB7B4C" bold="true" box="[972,1059,1554,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA79C32FDC2F9E1FBBB7B4C" box="[972,1059,1554,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA79C37FD4DF9B0FBBD79B6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DF9B0FC6B7B3E" blockId="10.[835,1011,1603,1630]" box="[835,1011,1603,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
(
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FD44F9B0FC737B3E" box="[842,1003,1603,1630]" captionStart-0="Figures 33–36" captionStart-1="Figures 37–42" captionStart-2="Figures 43–48" captionStart-3="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId-0="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" captionStartId-1="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionStartId-2="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" captionStartId-3="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1379,215,1801]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetBox-2="[269,1389,215,1827]" captionTargetBox-3="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@11.[257,1401,210,1816]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@13.[266,1392,211,1835]" captionTargetId-3="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="Figures 33–36. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 33. Dorsal view; 34. Ventral view; 35. Abdomen I–V dorsal view; 36. Abdomen VIII–X ventral view." captionText-1="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." captionText-2="Figures 43–48. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 43. Maxilla; 44. Maxilla closer view; 45. Labium; 46. Labium closer view; 47. Foreleg; 48. Fore leg closer view." captionText-3="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 33–56</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DF987FA587A07" blockId="10.[834,1474,1652,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DF987FBB17BEE" box="[835,1065,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="13B43CECFFA79C32FA31F987FA267B9B" collectingDate="2021-02-12" collectorName="K. A. Subramanian &amp; M. Vasanth &amp; Reg. No. I" country="India" county="Mature" elevation="80" latitude="11.92121" location="Cheenkanni Puzha" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.79362" municipality="District" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFA79C32FA31F987FB327BEE" box="[1087,1194,1652,1678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCounty id="4A024E3DFFA79C32FACDF986FA8C7BEF" box="[1219,1300,1653,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Mature</collectingCounty>
larva,
<collectingCountry id="DBCB7621FFA79C32FB71F987FA247BEE" box="[1407,1468,1652,1678]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFA79C32FD4DF96BFC167BD2" box="[835,910,1688,1714]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, Kannur
<collectingMunicipality id="4307ACCBFFA79C32FA07F96BFBF97BD2" box="[1033,1121,1688,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A603606AFFA79C32FA7BF96BFACF7BD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7:A603606AFFA79C32FA7BF96BFACF7BD2" box="[1141,1367,1688,1714]" country="India" county="Mature" latitude="11.92121" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.79362" municipality="District" name="Cheenkanni Puzha" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Kerala">Cheenkanni Puzha</location>
,
<location id="A603606AFFA79C32FB62F96BFA587BD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7:A603606AFFA79C32FB62F96BFA587BD2" box="[1388,1472,1688,1714]" country="India" county="Mature" latitude="11.92121" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.79362" municipality="District" name="Aralam" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Kerala">Aralam</location>
WLS,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFA79C32FD86F94EFB957BB7" box="[904,1037,1725,1751]" degrees="11.92121" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" precision="1" value="11.92121">11.92121°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFA79C32FA17F94FFB3E7BB7" box="[1049,1190,1724,1751]" degrees="075.79362" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" precision="1" value="75.79362">075.79362°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="64249B54FFA79C32FABCF94FFA997BB7" box="[1202,1281,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.959999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="79.6">
<elevation id="28F1D182FFA79C32FABCF94FFA997BB7" box="[1202,1281,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.959999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="79.6">79.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D7621071FFA79C32FB03F94FFAE37BB6" box="[1293,1403,1724,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" value="2021-02-12">
<collectingDate id="C726E999FFA79C32FB03F94FFAE37BB6" box="[1293,1403,1724,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" value="2021-02-12">12.ii.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls.
<collectorName id="0E295367FFA79C32FD4AF912FB867B9A" box="[836,1054,1760,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">K. A. Subramanian</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="0E295367FFA79C32FA55F912FB467B9A" box="[1115,1246,1760,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">M. Vasanth</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="0E295367FFA79C32FAE1F912FAFE7B9B" box="[1263,1382,1760,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/565)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="13B43CECFFA79C32FD4DF8F6FC3E7A23" collectingDate="2021-02-12" collectorName="Reg. No. I" country="India" county="Mature" elevation="80" latitude="11.92121" location="Cheenkanni Puzha" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.79362" municipality="District" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFA79C32FD4DF8F6FC2A7A7F" box="[835,946,1797,1823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="B5DAFD38FFA79C32FDB3F8F7FB817A7E" box="[957,1049,1796,1823]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
, same data as the holotype (
<collectorName id="0E295367FFA79C32FB53F8F6FCD67A23" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/566)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="13B43CECFFA79C32FDA1F8DBFA237A07" country="India" county="Aralam" elevation="122" latitude="11.97621" location="District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.82514" municipality="Paripputhode" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="B5DAFD38FFA79C32FDA1F8DBFB907A22" box="[943,1032,1832,1859]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFA79C32FA1FF8DBFBC47A22" box="[1041,1116,1832,1858]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DBCB7621FFA79C32FA68F8DAFB247A23" box="[1126,1212,1833,1859]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Kannur</collectingCountry>
<location id="A603606AFFA79C32FACFF8DBFA817A22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFA79C37FD4DFA1EFC6B7AE7:A603606AFFA79C32FACFF8DBFA817A22" box="[1217,1305,1832,1858]" country="India" county="Aralam" latitude="11.97621" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.82514" municipality="Paripputhode" name="District" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Kerala">District</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4307ACCBFFA79C32FB2DF8DBFA267A22" box="[1315,1470,1832,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Paripputhode</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="4A024E3DFFA79C32FD4CF8BFFC0E7A06" box="[834,918,1868,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Aralam</collectingCounty>
WLS,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFA79C32FDF2F8BFFB0D7A07" box="[1020,1173,1868,1895]" degrees="11.97621" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" precision="1" value="11.97621">11.97621° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFA79C32FAA3F8BFFAD67A07" box="[1197,1358,1868,1895]" degrees="075.82514" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" precision="1" value="75.82514">075.82514° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="64249B54FFA79C32FB68F8BEFA237A07" box="[1382,1467,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="122.0">
<elevation id="28F1D182FFA79C32FB68F8BEFA237A07" box="[1382,1467,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="122.0">122 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA69C33FF1EF8D3FBC77A3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" startId="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" targetBox="[274,1379,215,1801]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA69C33FF1EF8D3FB6F7A5A" blockId="11.[272,1271,1824,1884]" box="[272,1271,1824,1851]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FF1EF8D3FE227A5A" bold="true" box="[272,442,1824,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Figures 33–36.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA69C33FC2AF8D3FC837A5A" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[548,795,1824,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FC2AF8D3FC837A5A" box="[548,795,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FD2CF8D3FC037A5A" bold="true" box="[802,923,1824,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA69C33FD2CF8D3FCE17A5A" box="[802,889,1824,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
33
</emphasis>
. Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FA34F8D3FBCE7A5A" bold="true" box="[1082,1110,1824,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">34</emphasis>
. Ventral view;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA69C33FF70F8B2FBC77A3C" blockId="11.[272,1271,1824,1884]" box="[382,1119,1857,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FF70F8B2FE027A3B" bold="true" box="[382,410,1857,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">35</emphasis>
. Abdomen I
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FC28F8B1FDAC7A3C" bold="true" box="[550,564,1858,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">–</emphasis>
V dorsal view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FCD5F8B2FD6F7A3B" bold="true" box="[731,759,1857,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">36</emphasis>
. Abdomen VIII
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA69C33FDA4F8B1FC537A3C" bold="true" box="[938,971,1858,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">–X</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA19C34FE96F923FB907A6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" startId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" targetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA19C34FE96F923FAEC7B8A" blockId="12.[152,1396,1744,1805]" box="[152,1396,1744,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FE96F923FEDA7B8A" bold="true" box="[152,322,1744,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Figures 37–42.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA19C34FFA5F923FD3B7B8A" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[427,675,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FFA5F923FD3B7B8A" box="[427,675,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FCA4F922FCBB7B8A" bold="true" box="[682,803,1744,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA19C34FCA4F922FC997B8B" box="[682,769,1745,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
37
</emphasis>
. Labrum;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FD98F923FC2A7B8A" bold="true" box="[918,946,1744,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">38</emphasis>
. Labrum closer view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FAA7F923FB5D7B8A" bold="true" box="[1193,1221,1744,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">39</emphasis>
. Hypopharynx;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA19C34FF08F901FB907A6C" blockId="12.[152,1396,1744,1805]" box="[262,1032,1778,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FF08F901FEBA7A6C" bold="true" box="[262,290,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">40</emphasis>
. Hypopharynx closer view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FC55F901FDEF7A6C" bold="true" box="[603,631,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">41</emphasis>
. Left mandible;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA19C34FD25F901FCDF7A6C" bold="true" box="[811,839,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">42</emphasis>
. Right mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA09C35FF03F8C7FB3E7A10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" startId="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" targetBox="[269,1389,215,1827]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA09C35FF03F8C7FA947A2E" blockId="13.[269,1292,1844,1905]" box="[269,1292,1844,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FF03F8C7FE207A2E" bold="true" box="[269,440,1844,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Figures 43–48.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA09C35FC2FF8C7FC817A2E" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[545,793,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FC2FF8C7FC817A2E" box="[545,793,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FD11F8C6FC007A2E" bold="true" box="[799,920,1844,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA09C35FD11F8C6FCEE7A2F" box="[799,886,1845,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
43
</emphasis>
. Maxilla;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FA08F8C7FBBA7A2E" bold="true" box="[1030,1058,1844,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">44</emphasis>
. Maxilla closer view;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA09C35FF75F8A5FB3E7A10" blockId="13.[269,1292,1844,1905]" box="[379,1190,1878,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FF75F8A5FE0F7A10" bold="true" box="[379,407,1878,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">45</emphasis>
. Labium;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FC09F8A5FDBB7A10" bold="true" box="[519,547,1878,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">46</emphasis>
. Labium closer view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FD18F8A5FCAA7A10" bold="true" box="[790,818,1878,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">47</emphasis>
. Foreleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA09C35FD90F8A5FC227A10" bold="true" box="[926,954,1878,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">48</emphasis>
. Fore leg closer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA39C36FEDEF8FCFC7F7A2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" startId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" targetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA39C36FEDEF8FCFC7F7A2C" blockId="14.[208,1348,1807,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FEDEF8FCFE057A4A" bold="true" box="[208,413,1807,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Figures 49–56. 49</emphasis>
. Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA39C36FC03F8E3FC9C7A4A" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[525,772,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FC03F8E3FC9C7A4A" box="[525,772,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FD05F8E3FCFA7A4A" bold="true" box="[779,866,1808,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA39C36FD05F8E3FCFA7A4A" box="[779,866,1808,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Midleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FDCAF8E3FC787A4A" bold="true" box="[964,992,1808,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">50</emphasis>
. Hindleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FA5AF8E3FBE87A4A" bold="true" box="[1108,1136,1808,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">51</emphasis>
. Hind tibiae closer view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FF71F8C2FE037A2B" bold="true" box="[383,411,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">52</emphasis>
. Claw;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FFE0F8C2FD927A2B" bold="true" box="[494,522,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">53</emphasis>
. Gill I;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FC53F8C2FDE17A2B" bold="true" box="[605,633,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">54</emphasis>
. Gill III;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FCEEF8C2FD647A2B" bold="true" box="[736,764,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">55</emphasis>
. Gill IV;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA39C36FD6EF8C2FCE47A2B" bold="true" box="[864,892,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="139">56</emphasis>
. Gill VII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FEAEFF25FC917C74" blockId="15.[159,798,214,277]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<date id="D7621071FFA29C37FEAEFF25FE967D90" box="[160,270,214,240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" value="2021-02-13">13.ii.2021</date>
, colls. K. A. Subramanian and M. Vasanth (Reg. No. I/E/567).
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFA29C37FF36FF09FEE17C74" box="[312,377,250,276]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Types</typeStatus>
are deposited in SRC/ZSI/Chennai.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FEAEFEDFFC867C26" blockId="15.[160,798,299,397]" box="[160,798,299,326]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FEAEFEDFFE387C25" box="[160,416,299,325]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
Description (
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFA29C37FF3CFED8FE0A7C25" box="[306,402,299,325]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
Mature larva. Body length 8.5–
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FEAEFEBCFEBB7CED" blockId="15.[160,798,299,397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
9.0 mm, cerci
<quantity id="64249B54FFA29C37FF44FEBCFE7A7C0A" box="[330,482,335,362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="9.5">9.5–10.5 mm</quantity>
, median filament 11.0 mm (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FEA9FE80FE8E7CED" box="[167,278,371,397]" captionStart="Figures 33–36" captionStartId="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[274,1379,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[257,1401,210,1816]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 33–36. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 33. Dorsal view; 34. Ventral view; 35. Abdomen I–V dorsal view; 36. Abdomen VIII–X ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FEAEFE56FE657BAE" blockId="15.[158,800,420,1743]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FEAEFE56FF7D7CDF" bold="true" box="[160,229,421,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Head:</emphasis>
The head capsule and the area between the ocelli were washed in dark brown; the median line of the vertex was brown; and the clypeus margins were parallel.Labrum with straight posterior margin, dorsal surface with four rows of long hair-like setae, anterior part with thick spine-like setae; posterior-laterally rounded with small hair-like setae on apex; width of clypeus same as labrum; anteromedian emargination with small, blunt teeth medially and two large blunt teeth on either side (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FCC7FD37FE8C7E63" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 37 and 38</figureCitation>
). Lingua of hypopharynx with well-developed lateral processes; superlingua broad, short lateral projection on its arms (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FFB8FCC3FD097E2B" box="[438,657,816,843]" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 39 and 40</figureCitation>
). Mandibles with thin, hair-like setae laterally, smoothly curved with 10 long, hair-like setae on the anterior margin; prostheca of the left mandible with thicker spine-like setae, outer and inner incisors with 3 denticles each; prostheca of the right mandible with thin, spine-like setae, an outer incisor with 3 denticles, and an inner incisor with 2 denticles (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FEA9FBDFFE1E7927" box="[167,390,1068,1095]" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 41 and 42</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with dense, thick spines and thin setae on the anterior margin, an additional row of 15–16 simple setae present among these, and a large, thicker pectinate projection on the inner corner; outer margin of the maxilla with long, thin hair-like setae; palps 3 segmented, segment I 0.5x times longer than segment II, outer margin with few hair-like setae; segment III 0.2 times shorter than segment II, outer and inner margins of segment II with hair-like setae, segment III with tuft of hair-like setae apically (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FFC2FA83FD0778EB" box="[460,671,1392,1419]" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" captionTargetBox="[269,1389,215,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[266,1392,211,1835]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 43–48. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 43. Maxilla; 44. Maxilla closer view; 45. Labium; 46. Labium closer view; 47. Foreleg; 48. Fore leg closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 43 and 44</figureCitation>
). Glossa of labium with thick setae on the ventral surface, stout and hair-like setae on dorsal surface; paraglossa with thick stout setae on dorsal surface; segment I of labial palp with thick setae on inner and outer margins, segment II with few long hair-like setae on outer margin, an apical segment with a tuft of fine hair-like setae; surface with seven thick setae, segment I length ca. 1.5x times the length of segment II, segment III 0.7x times the length of segment II (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FF2BF947FE697BAE" box="[293,497,1716,1743]" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" captionTargetBox="[269,1389,215,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[266,1392,211,1835]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 43–48. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 43. Maxilla; 44. Maxilla closer view; 45. Labium; 46. Labium closer view; 47. Foreleg; 48. Fore leg closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 45 and 46</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FEAEF915FB237FC1" blockId="15.[160,799,1766,1936]" lastBlockId="15.[860,1500,214,673]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FEAEF915FF637A60" bold="true" box="[160,251,1766,1792]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum brown with black irregular markings on the dorsal surface. Mesonotum brown, median area brownish yellow with black markings (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FC6FF8DDFD4C7A28" box="[609,724,1838,1864]" captionStart="Figures 33–36" captionStartId="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[274,1379,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[257,1401,210,1816]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 33–36. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 33. Dorsal view; 34. Ventral view; 35. Abdomen I–V dorsal view; 36. Abdomen VIII–X ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 33</figureCitation>
). Legs yellowish brown with black maculae medially; fore femora with two rows of thick and long hair-like setae on anterior margin and two rows of long hair-like setae starts with proximal part to posterior margin; dorsal surface of the proximal region with bunch long hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FD6BFEB1FC4F7C3C" box="[869,983,322,348]" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" captionTargetBox="[269,1389,215,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[266,1392,211,1835]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 43–48. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 43. Maxilla; 44. Maxilla closer view; 45. Labium; 46. Labium closer view; 47. Foreleg; 48. Fore leg closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 48</figureCitation>
); tibiae with black maculae distally, fine and stout setae on inner margin; mid and hind femur with two rows of long hair-like setae and small black maculae on proximally and the dark black band start from half of each femur; mid tibiae yellowish brown black maculae proximally (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FDEAFE05FBCB7F70" box="[996,1107,502,528]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 49</figureCitation>
); hind tibiae mix with denser, stout and feathered setae on the surface; tarsi of all legs with thick setae on inner margin and small sparse setae on outer margins (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FA02FD91FB297F1C" box="[1036,1201,610,636]" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="13.[269,356,1844,1870]" captionTargetBox="[269,1389,215,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[266,1392,211,1835]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 43–48. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 43. Maxilla; 44. Maxilla closer view; 45. Labium; 46. Labium closer view; 47. Foreleg; 48. Fore leg closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185603/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 47, 48</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FAB0FD91FAAB7F1D" box="[1214,1331,610,637]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">49 and 50</figureCitation>
). Claws with a row of 10 denticles (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FA31FD75FB367FC1" box="[1087,1198,646,673]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 51</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD53FD44FA2E79C6" blockId="15.[859,1500,695,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FD53FD44FC407FB1" bold="true" box="[861,984,695,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Abdomen yellowish brown, with median pale stripe and pale paired patches on segments I–VIII. The paired square patches progressively reduce in size from anterior to posterior. Ventrally, the terga I–VII with paired dark brown squarish blotches (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FAB7FCB4FAB27E01" box="[1209,1322,839,865]" captionStart="Figures 33–36" captionStartId="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[274,1379,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[257,1401,210,1816]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 33–36. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 33. Dorsal view; 34. Ventral view; 35. Abdomen I–V dorsal view; 36. Abdomen VIII–X ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 34</figureCitation>
). The markings in terga VIII–X are indistinct. Terga VII–IX with posterolateral projections, terga VIII–IX larger than terga VII. Gills on segments I–VII; gill I slender, lanceolate, ventral lamellae large fimbriate (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FADCFC24FADC7E92" box="[1234,1348,983,1010]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 53</figureCitation>
); gills II–VII similar in shape, dorsal and ventral lamellae alike; each lamella oval and elongated with long marginal fringes, tracheae unbranched; (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FA66FBB0FAEB793E" box="[1128,1395,1091,1118]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 54, 55 and 56</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae shorter than the length of the corresponding segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD53FB4FFBBD79B6" blockId="15.[861,1061,1212,1238]" box="[861,1061,1212,1238]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FD53FB4FFC3079B6" bold="true" box="[861,936,1212,1238]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Adult:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA29C37FD53FB1DFAD6783D" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD53FB1DFBC1784C" blockId="15.[861,1499,1262,1324]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FD53FB1DFC7D7868" bold="true" box="[861,997,1262,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species named after the old, popular name of North
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFA29C37FA07FAE1FBCD784C" box="[1033,1109,1298,1324]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Kerala</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD53FAB0FAD6783D" blockId="15.[861,1358,1347,1373]" box="[861,1358,1347,1373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FD53FAB0FC72783D" box="[861,1002,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFA29C37FDFEFAB0FBA0783D" box="[1008,1080,1347,1373]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Kerala</collectingRegion>
(Aralam WLS,
<collectingCountry id="DBCB7621FFA29C37FAE6FAB0FADB783D" box="[1256,1347,1347,1373]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Kannur</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA29C37FD53FA87FC6B7AE7" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD53FA87FABB78B6" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FD53FA87FC4A78EE" bold="true" box="[861,978,1396,1422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA29C37FDE0FA87FB6C78EE" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[1006,1268,1396,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FDE0FA87FB6C78EE" box="[1006,1268,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Thraulus malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA29C37FB04FA86FAF778EF" bold="true" box="[1290,1391,1397,1423]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA29C37FB04FA86FAF778EF" box="[1290,1391,1397,1423]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from other known species of the genus by the following combination of characters:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BFA12FA167B23" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• anteromedian emargination of the labrum with small, blunt teeth medially and two large, blunt crenations on either side (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FAB8F9DBFA1A7B23" box="[1206,1410,1576,1603]" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 37 and 38</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BF9BEFA257BEB" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• superlingua of hypopharynx is broad with short lateral projection on its arms (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FAEBF983FA297BEB" box="[1253,1457,1648,1675]" captionStart="Figures 37–42" captionStartId="12.[152,239,1744,1770]" captionTargetBox="[150,1457,214,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[133,1473,210,1728]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 37–42. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 37. Labrum; 38. Labrum closer view; 39. Hypopharynx; 40. Hypopharynx closer view; 41. Left mandible; 42. Right mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 39 and 40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BF966FBFE7BB2" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• abdominal terga VIII–IX with large posterolateral spines (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FDE4F94BFBC27BB2" box="[1002,1114,1720,1746]" captionStart="Figures 33–36" captionStartId="11.[272,359,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[274,1379,215,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[257,1401,210,1816]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 33–36. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. 33. Dorsal view; 34. Ventral view; 35. Abdomen I–V dorsal view; 36. Abdomen VIII–X ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185599/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BF92EFAEE7B97" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" box="[901,1398,1756,1783]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• claw with a row of 10 denticles (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FAF4F92FFAF17B97" box="[1274,1385,1756,1783]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 52</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BF8F2FB1E7A5F" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• The gill I is slender, lanceolate, ventral lamellae oval, fimbriate (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FA04F8D7FBE27A5F" box="[1034,1146,1828,1855]" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figure 53</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA29C37FD8BF8BAFC6B7AE7" blockId="15.[861,1499,1396,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">
• gills II–VII on tracheae unbranched (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA29C37FB35F8BBFC7F7AE7" captionStart="Figures 49–56. 49" captionStartId="14.[208,295,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[212,1389,223,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[208,1398,211,1793]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 49–56. 49. Larva of Thraulus malabarensis sp. nov. Midleg; 50. Hindleg; 51. Hind tibiae closer view; 52. Claw; 53. Gill I; 54. Gill III; 55. Gill IV; 56. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185605/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="140">Figures 54, 55 and 56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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