210 lines
27 KiB
XML
210 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f37895dc-7316-48e6-ac3e-901aa5f79eeb" ID-PMC="PMC4982377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-608-1" ID-PubMed="27559303" ID-ZBK="F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-608-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 608" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1470408253360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borowiec, Marek L." docDate="2016" docId="2B312946A2D3EC18DDA0134C92DD9916" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 608: 1-280" docOrigin="ZooKeys 608" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" docTitle="Procerapachys Wheeler, W. M. 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="D563FF93FFEAD163FF9A3E6FFFDDF937" masterDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1668163389984" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>608</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>280</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-608-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B312946A2D3EC18DDA0134C92DD9916" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B312946A2D3EC18DDA0134C92DD9916" lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<subSubSection pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler, W. M. 1915 b" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys Wheeler, W. M. 1915b</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="type-species">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Type-species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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is an extinct genus known from Baltic amber.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="163" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="163" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
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Worker. The extinct
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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is apparently unique among non-army ant dorylines in having a large but unarmed pygidium. All other dorylines with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="163" pageNumber="164" start="start">unarmed</pageBreakToken>
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pygidium have either highly positioned propodeal spiracles and no propodeal lobes (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenictus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictogiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictogiton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenictogiton</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dorylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorylus</taxonomicName>
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) or a reduced pygidium (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilloides</taxonomicName>
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). When pygidium is not clearly visible, these often heavily-sculptured ants can be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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, which also occurs in Eocene ambers (see under that taxon above).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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differ in spur formula, however. The former has two pectinate spurs on each mid and hind tibia, and the latter has only one pectinate spur.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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specimens were also reported to have palp formula 5,4, which is different from 5,3 counted in one of the extant
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
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Male. The status of the putative males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain, but the specimens originally attributed to this genus had well-developed wing venation with two submarginal cells and the marginal cell closed, similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cylindromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindromyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cylindromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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. The most reliable character that separates these males from these two genera is a single pectinate tibial spur in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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and two spurs present in both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cylindromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindromyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cylindromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="164" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="163" pageNumber="164">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="164" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
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Worker.Head: Antennae with 12 segments. Apical antennal segment not enlarged, not broader and longer than two preceding segments combined. Clypeal apron unknown. Lateroclypeal teeth unknown.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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reduced. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Antennal scrobes absent. Labrum shape unknown. Proximal face of stipes unknown. Maxillary palps 5-segmented. Labial palps 4-segmented. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Eyes present, composed of more than 20 ommatidia. Ocelli absent or present. Head capsule with differentiated vertical posterior surface above occipital foramen. Ventrolateral margins of head unknown. Posterior head corners dorsolaterally immarginate. Carina surrounding occipital foramen unknown. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge. Promesonotal connection with Pronotomesopleural suture conspicuous and complete, but immobile.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Pronotomesopleural" lsidName="Pronotomesopleural suture" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suture">Pronotomesopleural suture</taxonomicName>
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complete, continuous with promesonotal Pronotomesopleural suture.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Mesometapleural" lsidName="Mesometapleural groove" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">Mesometapleural groove</taxonomicName>
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not impressed. Transverse
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron absent. Pleural endophragmal pit concavity unknown. Mesosoma dorsolaterally immarginate. Metanotal depression or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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on mesosoma absent. Propodeal spiracle situated low on sclerite. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin and rectangular in posterior view. Metapleural gland unknown. Propodeal lobes present, well developed. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally unknown, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Placement of helcium unknown. Prora unknown. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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unknown. Abdominal segment III anterodorsally unknown and dorsolaterally unknown. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, which is weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV unknown. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite, and anterior portions of sternite and tergite equally well visible in lateral view. Girdling constriction between pre- and posttergites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Girdling constriction between pre- and poststernites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Pygidium large, with impressed medial field and simple, not armed with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="164" pageNumber="165" start="start">cuticular</pageBreakToken>
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spines or modified setae. Hypopygium unknown. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind basitarsus not widening distally, circular in cross-section. Posterior flange of hind coxa unknown. Metatibial gland unknown. Metabasitarsal gland unknown. Hind pretarsal claws unknown. Hind pretarsal claws simple. Polymorphism: Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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Male. (putative, see under Taxonomy and phylogeny below) Head: Antennae with 13 segments. Clypeal lamella unknown.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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unknown. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Maxillary palps unknown. Labial palps unknown. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Ventrolateral margins of head unknown. Carina surrounding occipital foramen unknown. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Notauli" lsidName="Notauli" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notauli</taxonomicName>
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unknown. Transverse
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron absent. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin. Metapleural gland opening unknown. Propodeal lobes present. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally immarginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle unknown. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora unknown. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV; latter weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV unknown. Girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal sternite VII simple. Abdominal sternite IX unknown. Genitalia: Genital morphology unknown. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Posterior flange of hind coxa unknown. Metatibial gland unknown. Metabasitarsal glands unknown. Hind pretarsal claws unknown. Wings: Tegula unknown. Vein C in fore wing present. Pterostigma broad. Abscissa R·f3 present, running toward distal wing margin and enclosing cell with Rs·f5. Abscissae Rs·f2-3 present, connecting with Rs+M&M·f2. Cross-vein 2r-rs present, differentiated from Rs·f4 by presence of Rs·f2-3. Abscissae Rs·f4-5 differentiated into Rs·f4 and Rs·f5 by 2rs-m. Abscissa M·f2 in fore wing present, separated from Rs+M by Rs·f2. Abscissa M·f4 in fore wing present, reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1m-cu in fore wing present. Cross-vein cu-a in fore wing present, arising from Cu and distal to, at or near M·f1. Vein Cu in fore wing present, with both branches Cu1 and Cu2. Hind wing venation unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Gyne. Not described. Wheeler (1915) mentioned that some of the specimens possessed ocelli while others did not and suggesting that these may represent ergatogynes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Larva. Not described. Presence of cocoons unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" type="taxonomy and phylogeny">
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<paragraph pageId="164" pageNumber="165">Taxonomy and phylogeny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="165" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="164" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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was described based on several workers and two male specimens by W. M. Wheeler (1915) in his monograph on the Baltic amber collection of the Geological Institute of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Königsberg">Koenigsberg</normalizedToken>
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(now Kaliningrad, Russia). Unfortunately, most of this collection was destroyed during WWII, including the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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material (Dlussky, 2009).
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<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, GM" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" pagination="1043 - 1086" title="The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Late Eocene ambers of Europe." url="10.1134/S0031030109090068" volume="43" year="2009">Dlussky (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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redescribed the genus based on additional specimens of what he identified as the type species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
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, designated a neotype for it, and added a new species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys sulcatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">Procerapachys sulcatus</taxonomicName>
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. Both worker and putative male
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<pageBreakToken pageId="165" pageNumber="166" start="start">morphologies</pageBreakToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys sulcatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">Procerapachys sulcatus</taxonomicName>
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are reminiscent of the extant genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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. If the published descriptions are accurate, however, there are important differences that include a single pectinate spur on each mid and hind tibiae (mentioned by both Wheeler and Dlussky), different palp formula, and, perhaps most importantly, a pygidium not impressed and without modified spine-like setae in the worker. According to the descriptions it also appears that at least some specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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lack ocelli, while ocelli are present in all
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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material I examined in the course of this study. In addition, one of the species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys favosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favosus">Procerapachys favosus</taxonomicName>
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, lacks the coarse sulcate sculpturing characteristic of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
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. In fact, there are amber doryline specimens without coarse sculpturing that fit the original
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
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by having a single tibial spur and a smooth pygidium, for which I was able to examine high-quality photographs and consult these characters with Vincent Perrichot, who was able to confirm them directly on the specimens. Unfortunately, I was not able to examine any of the specimens on which Dlussky based his descriptions. I have examined a specimen identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the collection of Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt and found it to be a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
|
||
with two conspicuous tibial spurs. I have also examined photographs of a specimen (Vincent Perrichot pers. comm.) from a private collection that fits the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its habitus appears to be distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although I could not assess the shape of the pygidium or tibial spur configuration. Thus at least some of the species attributed in the past to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
|
||
indeed represent a distinct doryline lineage. In the absence of strong evidence to the contrary, I treat
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
|
||
or any other genus recognized here. However, a careful reevaluation of the amber fossil dorylines, most crucially the neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as the putative males, is much needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Eocene Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="species of procerapachys">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procerapachys</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys annosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">Procerapachys annosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wheeler, W. M. 1915b: Baltic amber
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys favosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favosus">Procerapachys favosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wheeler, W. M. 1915b: Baltic amber
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Procerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procerapachys sulcatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">Procerapachys sulcatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dlussky, 2009: Baltic amber
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |