treatments-xml/data/2B/1F/3C/2B1F3C5D6D1B4E6BB0F69932CB4AD730.xml

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<mods:title id="812AD03AB4887C07D1AE6BEF5AB7A8F4">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8DCD6599BCC5622355FF53776742744A">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C268B8D4B255426B2DDFD55E5E2E2DA1">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E78344A716D1CFAD9527630EBB21184">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A318A4B83C05B13A5FC5A796AAA41B79">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="975720F554BE57A786896228DF92E994">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8748B2A1AF3DD5C3DD90CA07EC1F5248" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
6. 
<taxonomicName id="33AE131923A318E02F74E2EA1D38E593" ID-CoL="4XZJJ" ID-ENA="2940229" authority="Saerkinen &amp; S. Knapp, PhytoKeys 44: 47. 2015." authorityName="Särkinen &amp; S. Knapp, PhytoKeys 44: 47. 2015." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
Solanum antisuyo 
<normalizedToken id="95F6EA967334AFFE3160FEC66E4CE2E2" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
&amp; S.Knapp, PhytoKeys 44: 47. 2015.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C3D61A06FFC2E25326DD99CECB2D250" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="B751630FF77D54B61902BD05D5BD98D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="90931F7F30EF859267C29DE4AC4D7BDB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Representative fruits, seeds and stone cells of South American morelloids A bilobed fruits in S. tripartitum with fully mature red berries at the base of the inflorescence and maturing green, yellow, and orange fruits more distally B orange-red fleshy berries of S. corymbosum in highly branched inflorescences C fully mature marbled fruits in S. physalifolium D immature ellipsoid fruits of S. antisuyo E fully mature fruits of S. antisuyo F immature green fruits amongst fully mature purple-black fruits in S. cochabambense G fully mature fruits of S. polytrichostylum H stone cells (also known as sclerotic granules or brachysclerids) found in the fruits of most species of the Morelloid clade (left side of photo) next to the teardrop shaped seeds (right side of photo; S. umalilaense Manoko) I stone cells visible in dried fruits of herbarium specimens (S. triflorum). (A Barboza 3563 B Saerkinen et al. 4604 B C Knapp et al. 10334 D Gonzales 10256 E Gonzales 10256 F Knapp et al. 10363 G Saerkinen et al. 5277 H Nijmegen accession A 24750133 I Podlech 8624 BM 000848286). Photos by P. Gonzales, S. Knapp, and T. Saerkinen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897465" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="94C657E868041569A72D5FEEEE169F0C" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Solanum antisuyo A flowering branch B fruiting branch C stem with a leaf node D detail of abaxial leaf surface E detail of adaxial leaf surface F flower bud G dissected flower H fruit (A-H Knapp et al. 10435). Illustration by R. Wise." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897482" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3844889A5F264B01B569153A4682A0A0" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Solanum antisuyo A habit in rocky landslide B buds and flowers, showing the distinct calyx with long tube and minute, but somewhat fleshy, purplish green lobes C slightly ellipsoid fruits with deflexed pedicels, with appressed calyx lobes often splitting in fruit D woody pedicels of the infructescence (A, B Knapp et al. 10399 C Knapp et al. 10401 D Knapp et al. 10435). Photos S. Knapp. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2015 c: 48)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897483" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="428CEB799FA63B3A5900B051E891B160" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6CFB3D8FD34EF0060F06B09C6EA3A653" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="BC1ABDEADE6C2CE4DB6C6F146F182E4B">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E9DAE7E6516A229FE97588321C8286D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="F64FA264575A4AE1458CB390D370CDFA" collectingDate="2012-03-15" collectorName="S. Knapp, P. Gonzales, A. Matthews, T. Saerkinen" country="Peru" county="Puesto de Vigilancia of Parque Nacional de Manu" elevation="3480" latitude="-13.201388" location="Pilcopata" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-71.622505" municipality="Paucartambo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cusco" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="46E49AFCEF15B24FB663D658393FC84A" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="59895201656B00F1D4D9D269ACC60EAA" country="Peru" name="Cusco">Cusco</collectingRegion>
: Prov. Paucartambo, 
<quantity id="07359097CD842A0641A462CEC21DA0FF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
from 
<collectingCounty id="003C91B992BF11D752E19D0F7B6FEF6D">Puesto de Vigilancia of Parque Nacional de Manu</collectingCounty>
on road from 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B7B47E37EAD9CA459FC3E7C32864AEC">Paucartambo</collectingMunicipality>
to 
<location id="1D7AACB899D2C588193F73E34E8F2951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B1F3C5D6D1B4E6BB0F69932CB4AD730:1D7AACB899D2C588193F73E34E8F2951" country="Peru" county="Puesto de Vigilancia of Parque Nacional de Manu" latitude="-13.201388" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-71.622505" municipality="Paucartambo" name="Pilcopata" stateProvince="Cusco">Pilcopata</location>
coming from 
<location id="8EE98070A63B3CBB347914D02CD900DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B1F3C5D6D1B4E6BB0F69932CB4AD730:8EE98070A63B3CBB347914D02CD900DB" country="Peru" county="Puesto de Vigilancia of Parque Nacional de Manu" latitude="-13.201388" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-71.622505" municipality="Paucartambo" name="Puesto" stateProvince="Cusco">Puesto</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5668039D72C8F45B08B9580A9F769891" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-13.201388">13°12'05&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B04A7991EF7DB4CB93D73F97B331A746" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-71.622505">71°37'21&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="65F376FF2127E61ACF8898DD9B07E171" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">
<elevation id="BDDB98133D524725779ED4B111476967" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" unit="m" value="3480.0">3,480 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="E3B3275076421C0B7A36FF3E83258DEA" value="2012-03-15">15 Mar 2012</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName id="7625766E30CC08F7FD4BF33A44088F54">
S. 
<emphasis id="3519EED285310E87DE6AB47B859F7611" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Knapp, 
<collectorName id="529ACA16EC371CFB1A22F7AFDB61C778">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="E5DFEB33062A568DA3CC3B5398C71B5A" originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="6E1B108C0FC5181E3E089478FAB3BD3D">A. Matthews</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="1DD0FA7F9035254352B2003A666C0F8B">
T. 
<normalizedToken id="7C86D4B0C14AF71F2A774574022B00B5" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
10435
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(
<typeStatus id="2ED422F08A53487BEE77A646A841C525">holotype</typeStatus>
: USM (acc. # 00268057); isotypes: BM [BM001114929], F, HUSA, HUT, MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="65AE14489521DB10CBEBD7319B68B92E" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897482" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="C4AB6D895C0278DCC3A62886D1A64D86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6CA1D5B9613AB782E96C3CEA01F561E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B370C17F463EF6CB78859BF3E517CC14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="13E7744542068E781DD378E96C508322" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="83460F900E57B0361757996BD42783E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis id="17C16BE109BFE2209B4106BCB730E48D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
fruiting branch 
<emphasis id="3310276AC3C0AA58886C6538350FFAB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
stem with a leaf node 
<emphasis id="A392B6368F8F3ABB3069C4C366DB0927" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail of abaxial leaf surface 
<emphasis id="1D2B1EE9DB05A44DFCFA5D461A3F8113" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail of adaxial leaf surface 
<emphasis id="B557D7194FF6B395866488F4726EEC70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis id="64E2B34491D2693BA622E1F80E2FC23D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
dissected flower 
<emphasis id="0418871C090095232E78DB8E9109AA75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis id="378B1B51308FFC4FC4A77AA664D87E68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="ACCCEE1306325C3B98A86696285DA031" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10435</emphasis>
). Illustration by R. Wise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="19BAAF02E42C1A30DC748468217E566A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB579E5CAF749703F247B0DD3DC218C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stout herbs or subwoody shrubs up to 1.5 m high, much branching at base, the individual branches up to 1 m long. Stems 2-ridged or slightly winged especially towards base, 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter, purple-coloured especially at leaf nodes, nearly glabrous, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate, much reduced 1-3-celled trichomes especially on the often purple-coloured young growth. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, the blades 2-17 cm long, 1.2-8.4 cm wide, broadly ovate-lanceolate, widest in the lower third, membranous to somewhat fleshy, slightly discolorous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces sparsely pubescent with more or less appressed 1-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes 0.1-0.2 mm long; principal veins 7-10 pairs; base rounded, decurrent on the petiole; margins entire, often purple tinged; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.3-1.2 cm long, occasionally narrowly winged, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Inflorescences internodal, unbranched or forked, 1.4-4 cm long, with 5-14 flowers arising very close together, sparsely pubescent with appressed 1-2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes similar to those on stem and leaves; peduncle 1-3.3 cm long, if the inflorescence branched then the peduncle 0.2-0.4 cm long, short and congested; pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter at the base expanding gradually to 1-1.2 mm in diameter at apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, recurving and becoming woody in fruit, not dehiscing; pedicel scars spaced 0-2 mm apart. Buds conical-ellipsoid, cream-coloured, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, green, the lobes 0.7-0.9 mm long, broadly deltate with rounded apices, purple-coloured, sparsely pubescent with 1-celled simple uniseriate trichomes. Corolla 1.2-2.4 cm in diameter, stellate, white or rarely lilac with a yellow to yellow-green central star at the base, lobed slightly less than halfway to the base, the lobes ca. 9-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, pubescent abaxially with 1-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes shorter than the trichomes of the stems and leaves, sparsely pubescent adaxially at base near the filaments with 5-7-celled simple uniseriate trichomes. Stamens equal or slightly unequal; filament tube ca. 2 mm long, adaxially pubescent with 5-7-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; free portion of the filaments ca. 2 mm long, sometimes slightly longer in two lowermost anthers at anthesis (perhaps elongating late in anthesis), pubescent like the tube; anthers ca. (2.8)3-3.4 mm long, 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary cylindrical, pubescent 2/3 from the base with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; style ca. 6 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent up to 2/3 of the length with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes at the base; stigma globose, minutely papillate, pale yellow in live plants. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 0.8-1.1 cm in diameter, green turning translucent yellowish green to deep purple when ripe, the pericarp relatively thick, shiny, somewhat translucent, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.1-2.2 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base and 1.5 mm at apex, deflexed and woody in fruit, purple-coloured, persistent and remaining on the plant after fruit drops; fruiting calyx lobes tightly appressed to the berry, purple-coloured, calyx often splitting into two larger lobes. Seeds 35-45 per berry, ca. 1.1 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, concave-reniform, narrower at one end, brown, the hilum positioned sub-laterally towards the narrower end, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells (0)2 per berry, usually equatorially positioned, ca. 1 mm in diameter, cream-coloured. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C83015D6CCCA5658712AC83EC95E2035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="298F5FE130AF91E9E2D209CB12059E19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CA75813434ACF4AD0A7BCD2C97596DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="8AAB9E2E72B1B42E341540CBBE6EE1C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FA7B5D79928A0CEF02EE2D697D7240A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit in rocky landslide 
<emphasis id="80FF3EB8B1966A6A9FB4FC3CF2120776" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
buds and flowers, showing the distinct calyx with long tube and minute, but somewhat fleshy, purplish green lobes 
<emphasis id="B422EC976A5FD5CE695736E97E573801" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
slightly ellipsoid fruits with deflexed pedicels, with appressed calyx lobes often splitting in fruit 
<emphasis id="F002CE22649797E3DBD62CF30D39AE20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
woody pedicels of the infructescence (
<emphasis id="D89E93210A94D5A648EF691F43168BFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="594EE0808E1C1CED99FBEB17E0DAC658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10399</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D86B1033EF3B93809D339ADFA686DB19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5CF2B662679DEBC75FDDB31B9422A559" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10401</emphasis>
<emphasis id="854C45E6C00CC4730C21CB467F5DA870" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="37899E8760F7A2C51E735F64B37019CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp et al. 10435</emphasis>
). Photos S. Knapp. Previously published in 
<bibRefCitation id="E4AD8763623D49528BD92EC9B8036788" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" author="Saerkinen, TE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 64" refId="B207" refString="Saerkinen, TE, Gonzales, P, Knapp, S, 2015c. Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America. PhytoKeys 44: 39 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" title="Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" volume="44" year="2015 c">
<normalizedToken id="B217AF451EF773B66D48891622E90281" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2015c
</bibRefCitation>
: 48).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11E918767995C75D9F7D8FF96B29F80F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9BD8DE416A483F45EB4CE3CA51A9654B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D11E12DD841E0C86A49AA63B6042841D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="12FDA026D2AEA4472B0237B487841F26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="23BFBEB0D981458E44FE5DA1FB7B6A1E" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map of Solanum antisuyo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897484" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C992B015408BE64556AF4A7A3C513696" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="AC0EEDAE1CA1507FD2F4A5988747D943" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs primarily on the eastern Andean slopes in Ecuador (Prov. Azuay, 
<normalizedToken id="26758B18864CA882C71357A429377D4E" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Loja, Napo, Pichincha, Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (Depts. Amazonas, Cusco, 
<normalizedToken id="CE168B497A121525E46C411618A7C28C" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Pasco, Piura, Puno), and Bolivia (Depts. Cochabamba, La Paz).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D21691D9C869777B50EE1C7E2DFB2D85" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897484" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph id="A88607070D5A9495B7523217A6F44836" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B7FDF690EDA25C7FC8A737CF67B6375F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="8A0427D1198CA0B2D34C4594896B11EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="43BE3742C24D0361B932E36409BF9B98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D14110E53339B4FB151388FA4FEF8D27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="A7CE328E86106258EC74C4B7FEEE29E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D14198A78FCB5704715DBCFAE2D1811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="ED88C263CA87F0E2A3A72DB6997BFE5B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="4E90C68DE39F9C64514BFDF5F5932160" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is primarily found growing in secondary vegetation, disturbed roadsides, landslides, and gravelly slopes in 'ceja de 
<normalizedToken id="079971CB996FDECA62BC147B26164B85" originalValue="selva’">selva'</normalizedToken>
(forest edges at treeline), montane cloud forest and 
<taxonomicName id="9CB518234A3D19715F2FBF2B72305189" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4764E43E56A74B28FA7FC5E6A0FC936" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="1919C1ADE3F648904E25F8088C14C1A7" class="Dicotyledones" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) forests; from (1,000-) 2,000 to 3,600 (-3,900) m in elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82A898931A2CA942B251FF67C0A56572" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="68CDF72E517071061DFF4A3A7592400D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CB8DD23643803AFEDDA7CA752566F4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BBE52672FEA8B6410D0B78693347A72D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="8623523B31996C8CF2C9E2246085C2C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF1ED7E1C2AFC1E71BDA1C282A45F4CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="56877FEA7CDBC9C56366712DC34540D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D76FC1F0A8D8B14214091B30B2A6C06" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 1,089,690 km2 [LC]; AOO = 400 km2 [LC]. 
<taxonomicName id="8220D92D0EB6C225BBC48AE5341635DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="08DB1ACE1DEA1388C1296B00A9D9B29F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows readily in disturbed sites and combined with its wide range, it appears to have relatively low threat status despite the generally increasing human pressure and habitat destruction in the Andes. It occurs within protected areas in both Peru (Parque Nacional Manu) and Bolivia (Parque Nacional Madidi).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3498BF3CA64D9DD3CD928CA76554BE0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8790FC42140EC19BAEC63F909CC137AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9262EA0E11D214FC1198D9B2E8EBF510" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DD4DA4C68C631ECD816D890AAD9B1697" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="0644031CF6072E0A2DB559D83A8EBB88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="78335B0DE9EB5AFF0E2552903D8E67B0" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="A90737DAA73287542DFF733F9387A904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it has been conflated in the past. It can be distinguished by its usually simple inflorescences where pedicels are spaced ca. 1-3 mm apart along the short flowering-bearing portion of the axis compared to consistently branched inflorescences with the flowers congested at the branch tips in 
<taxonomicName id="A7DF9F26AB6BBE7A60E16E48AB94914A" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="E81A9AFBAC196980EDEE79A00973EB08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; bud morphology also differs with the buds of 
<taxonomicName id="DD614FACA7DA2C3A7B3FD71911E7CB4B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="2F1F685A6E390BB1E19907C298C8A09B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always somewhat elongate and usually cream with purple stripes, while those of 
<taxonomicName id="8E5ED1D2D54B268BB10D61F9A3D8B219" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="FFCD2F8BB346CAE607655E54588D7D48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more ellipsoid and usually of a single colour. The fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="802567721A94D0644B042319B01FBC16" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="9BC601AECB9A291C15765CDDE563585F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are somewhat ellipsoid and borne on pedicels that markedly enlarge towards the apex as compared to the spherical berries on less obviously expanded pedicels of 
<taxonomicName id="A7CEF6243DFE47D00E80541B90209821" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="A379F0463D990573EC32DBB1198F8537" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The the seeds also differ in colour (brown in 
<taxonomicName id="1F50BF4D70E7D94B2A3C3B420439F51D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="29F55D046E1E8D4CCDB5E6DF92037470" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus yellow in 
<taxonomicName id="AFA08931F8738C29080C93A57D0B3270" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="BDC79A9CC5E7666DDA4B5A28806B1E34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="6FC5B905733287F28395F661D1C37984" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="E6D05E98D3FB922251F05DEC4A32B57B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the calyx tube longer than the smaller, purple-tinged calyx lobes while 
<taxonomicName id="F8F7DE043BCBD2C9060AC4CBE362C04D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="99258428ED1489601AC2451F7492244B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has calyx tubes shorter than the slightly larger, triangular calyx lobes; the styles of 
<taxonomicName id="AFB82D7B68A9E8CD06E213A2AD0E34C6" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="1CE39FF7C80E11E60C814C3A5D99D0FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are always more exserted (2-4 mm versus 1-2 mm beyond the anther cone) than those of 
<taxonomicName id="A1EA6FE1E89DAC777197174041559175" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="EB0EE4FA974D4C638105B92F42352C76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; fruiting pedicels of 
<taxonomicName id="79EFDEE63C923002705C90CC3477DAF0" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="FF65DA411F257B90A9BDDC57113F897A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
persist after fruit drop (see Fig. 
<figureCitation id="1F4361CE494A04592A2372678B83BCDE" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Solanum antisuyo A habit in rocky landslide B buds and flowers, showing the distinct calyx with long tube and minute, but somewhat fleshy, purplish green lobes C slightly ellipsoid fruits with deflexed pedicels, with appressed calyx lobes often splitting in fruit D woody pedicels of the infructescence (A, B Knapp et al. 10399 C Knapp et al. 10401 D Knapp et al. 10435). Photos S. Knapp. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2015 c: 48)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897483" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22D</figureCitation>
), while those of 
<taxonomicName id="8D55186FB5423F6F18A2A1AC8C5557A1" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="06BF74854E31D7CA1BD7BC6FF3B8065B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally do not. The two species are also ecologically somewhat distinct, with 
<taxonomicName id="ADF91D7E85CAB8A73D633BF2D260AA16" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. polytrichostylum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="polytrichostylum">
<emphasis id="D9022B18E38955AB8FE04081899F08EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. polytrichostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
restricted to streams and moist roadsides, and 
<taxonomicName id="AEB406D3452AE613555F407FB0BFEB0D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="752CAE652FC1FD6BE5329DC24F4AD069" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in drier areas in gravel, disturbed areas, and landslides. Other sympatric members of the Morelloid clade without glandular trichomes with which 
<taxonomicName id="949B2ED88C69F74496F446083213A5A3" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="9A97FDB800BAF2139030A0820AAFA4B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confused include 
<taxonomicName id="AD0FDBF9242C67F53F8F40C283FE1796" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cochabambense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochabambense">
<emphasis id="1F9B7EEE09BDAC57A49552DEF9EF723C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cochabambense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has smaller, spherical fruits, larger violet corollas that are more rotate in outline, and denser indumentum with longer 3-7-celled simple hairs, and 
<taxonomicName id="C81AF4F2779A29AED9ADE9CB6EAE1306" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pallidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallidum">
<emphasis id="E2A90289CB2659F77E35EFEA4B987D97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pallidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has branched rather than simple hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="506538C49708961D4EB357E683F3FFED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Variation in growth form and flower colour can be observed in the field, where individuals growing in more humid conditions grow into stout herbs to ca. 1.5 m high, while individuals in drier, higher elevation habitats in rocky landslides are stunted herbs reaching only ca. 40 cm in height. Colour variation in corolla is common within morelloids and 
<taxonomicName id="B6C732F91E68E1906E1998FF9BA0AB99" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A7C84626C447466207D0C7A65963E936" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in general; most specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="2480D7E987217C17547C57A65C00DE4F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. antisuyo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antisuyo">
<emphasis id="FEC217A332E0FAC6103D85714F502C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. antisuyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have creamy white petals, but occasional specimens with lilac corollas are known (e.g., 
<emphasis id="DD16B20696370B1D5D4483B8414B1F45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="8EF1DAFCD312456B33EE4E4FC2D80C07" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4048, 4049
</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis id="865DD5DDA6565182872ED862DD8DA622" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4053</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>