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<document id="675D952508CDC49A1906B23753A04084" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3636.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a028392e-5e93-48c5-a4b8-06044e412f89" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219205" ID-ZooBank="68E3AD7A-CA82-4EE0-A22D-C264A1C4F803" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460590283972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pes, Ana Maria, Hamada, Neusa, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz &amp; Soares, Climéia C." docDate="2013" docId="2A6841481614FFD0FF2DFF479453FCE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03636p574.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3636 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix Pes, Hamada, Nessimian &amp; Soares, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="573" masterDocId="D65139301613FFDCFFBAFFD09709FF9B" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera) and their bionomics in Central Amazonia, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="574" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="568" updateTime="1698325772462" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1188203C21CA659521AD5BB924A12CE4">Two new species of Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera) and their bionomics in Central Amazonia, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69BFDEDD824FAA6D761B4A2E7F54BCD5">Pes, Ana Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="510719A67502FF220D88EEB38FE59971">Hamada, Neusa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6DD9E346AE3970B914E009AC6459E89">Nessimian, Jorge Luiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A894124C3971EAEB49B4D5A84FBC180">Soares, Climéia C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="2A6841481614FFD0FF2DFF479453FCE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6164724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119565690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6164724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A6841481614FFD0FF2DFF479453FCE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A6841481614FFD0FF2DFF479453FCE0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="573" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D51614FFDBFF2DFF479615FF49" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF2DFF4794A7FF2A" blockId="7.[151,942,151,210]" box="[151,942,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<heading id="F93647321614FFDBFF2DFF4794A7FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,942,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" reason="1">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF2DFF4794A7FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,942,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFF2DFF47958DFF2A" box="[151,644,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Antillotrichia">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF2DFF479634FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,317,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFEF4FF4796F8FF2A" bold="true" box="[334,497,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFDB8FF47958DFF2A" bold="true" box="[514,644,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371614FFDBFD36FF4795E0FF2A" box="[652,745,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Pes &amp; Hamada
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF2DFF6A9615FF49" blockId="7.[151,942,151,210]" box="[151,284,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFF2DFF6A9615FF49" box="[151,284,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 17 21" captionStart-1="FIGURES 22 25" captionStart-2="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1417,228,1876]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[167,1425,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 26 29. Male pupa of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 26) Mandibles and labrum, dorsal view; 27) left half of abdominal segments IX X, ventral and dorsal views; 28) left tibia and tarsus of middle leg, posterior view; 29) right hook plates (2 7 = abdominal segment number, a = anterior, p = posterior), dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/219212/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Figs. 1727</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D51614FFDBFF2DFED396DDFDC5" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF2DFED395CAFEA5" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF2DFED39628FE80" bold="true" box="[151,289,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFE24FED3951FFE80" box="[414,534,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFE24FED3951FFE80" box="[414,534,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the long rough setae on the internal margins of the preanal appendages, where
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF58FEF6962CFEA5" box="[226,293,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sclero</emphasis>
(Greek) = hard,
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFE5BFEF6951FFEA5" box="[481,534,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">thrix</emphasis>
(Greek) = hair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF73FE9A96DDFDC5" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73FE9A961CFEF8" bold="true" box="[201,277,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Adult.</emphasis>
Mean length of each forewing of male
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFD6AFE9A943DFEF9" box="[720,820,330,354]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="2.84">2.84 mm</quantity>
(SD =
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFC3CFE9A94E5FEF9" box="[902,1004,330,354]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
, n =
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71614FFDBFB9EFE9A9376FEF9" box="[1060,1151,330,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
), of female
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(SD =
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFF0BFEBE9615FE1D" box="[177,284,366,390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
, n =
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71614FFDBFEE7FEBE96DBFE1D" box="[349,466,366,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
). Head and body black (non-teneral specimens soon after emergence) or brown (in alcohol), forewings covered with uniformly fine and long brown setae (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFC0EFE42930FFE31" box="[948,1030,402,426]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 21" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Forewings each with forks 2 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFF25FE6697FAFE55" box="[159,243,438,462]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 21" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), hind wings each with fork 2 (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFDEDFE6695A2FE55" box="[599,683,438,462]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 21" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Apical spur of each hind tibia of male about 1.2 times as long as basal tarsal segment. Male with pair of digitiform glandular processes laterally on abdominal sternum V, with length about 1/3rd as wide as segment; opening of each glandular process located subapically (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFB03FE2E9204FD8D" box="[1209,1293,510,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 21" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
); in females, glandular processes smaller, 1/3rd as long as processes of male, mammiform (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFBB1FDF29356FDA1" box="[1035,1119,546,570]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 21" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,283,1794]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 21. Adult of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov.. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Male abdominal segments VII and VIII densely setose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D51614FFDBFF73FDBB936BF90D" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="description">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF73FDBB95C0FBA9" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73FDBB9677FD18" bold="true" box="[201,382,618,643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Tergum IX in lateral view elbow-shaped, tapered to blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFBC0FDBA93D8FD19" box="[1146,1233,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
a); in dorsal view anterior margin with mesal, U-shaped emargination, posterior margin rounded with slight incision (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFA8CFD5E9299FD3D" box="[1334,1424,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Sternum IX in lateral view subrectangular, about 2 times as long as high, posterolateral/dorsal and ventral margins straight, with slender and slightly curved anterolateral process on each side (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFBE3FD0693BCFD75" box="[1113,1205,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
a); in ventral view subtriangular, widest posteriorly, with nearly straight posterior margin, half as wide anteriorly, with rectilinear excision (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFEB3FCCE966AFCAD" box="[265,355,798,822]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Tergum X semi-membranous, in lateral view subrectangular, with dorsal margin straight, posterodorsal apex convex, posterior apex inflated, sinuous, and ventral margin concave (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFB3CFC9293D0FCC1" box="[1158,1241,834,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
b); in dorsal view long and narrow, constricted at 2/3rds length, apically inflated (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFCCFFCB694CCFCE5" box="[885,965,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig 24</figureCitation>
). Preanal appendages long, covered with numerous long bristles, sinuous in lateral view, dilated apically in dorsal view. Inferior appendages subequal in length with preanal appendages, in dorsal view internal margin of each appendage with two dense brushes of dark sclerotized setae, one small brush on proximal region with about 11 setae and larger one medioposteriorly with about 25 setae, followed by irregular row of finer setae to apex (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFCCBFC2694CFFB95" box="[881,966,1014,1038]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Phallus long, very slender, tubular, with subapical reticulation and enlarged apex (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFDD2FBCA95B4FBA9" box="[616,701,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Adult male of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 22 a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22 b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF73FBEF97DAFB05" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73FBEF969EFBCC" bold="true" box="[201,407,1086,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Segments VIII and IX narrow, truncate apically. Segment X tubular, slender, subequal in length with segments VIII and IX combined, apical region with pair of oval lobes each with slender process on apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF73FB7B97E6F9D5" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73FB7B9607FB58" bold="true" box="[201,270,1195,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Pupa.</emphasis>
Mean length
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFE0AFB7A951FFB59" box="[432,534,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="3.28">3.28 mm</quantity>
(SD =
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFDD5FB7A95D0FB59" box="[623,729,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
, n = 6). Head with one pair of setae on vertex, three pairs of frontal setae, two setae laterally beside each eye and two setae lateral on each antennal scape; labrum subtriangular, with three pairs of long basolateral setae; mandibles triangular, each with apical half darker, prominent, with serrated mesal margin (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFE1AFAC696FCFAB5" box="[416,501,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,228,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1425,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Male pupa of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 26) Mandibles and labrum, dorsal view; 27) left half of abdominal segments IX X, ventral and dorsal views; 28) left tibia and tarsus of middle leg, posterior view; 29) right hook plates (2 7 = abdominal segment number, a = anterior, p = posterior), dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219212/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); antennae as long as body. Middle legs each with tarsus depressed and wide (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFAD5FAC697BEFAC9" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,228,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1425,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Male pupa of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 26) Mandibles and labrum, dorsal view; 27) left half of abdominal segments IX X, ventral and dorsal views; 28) left tibia and tarsus of middle leg, posterior view; 29) right hook plates (2 7 = abdominal segment number, a = anterior, p = posterior), dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219212/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Abdomen long, broad and stout; in dorsal view most segments rectangular in shape; terga IVII with one pair of setae; pair of anterior hook plates (2a7a) on each of terga IIVII directed backward and curved downward, posteriorly broad and short with 811 strong and sharp teeth of irregular length (except 6a long and narrow with 8 teeth, 7a curved upward with 9 short and strong teeth); pair of posterior hook plates (5p) on tergum V directed backward and curved downward, long and narrow with 10 teeth (
<figureCitation id="3AFAECDB1614FFDBFC37FA1A94EDFA79" box="[909,996,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1417,228,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1425,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 26 29. Male pupa of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. 26) Mandibles and labrum, dorsal view; 27) left half of abdominal segments IX X, ventral and dorsal views; 28) left tibia and tarsus of middle leg, posterior view; 29) right hook plates (2 7 = abdominal segment number, a = anterior, p = posterior), dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219212/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
); segment VIII slender, without setae; segment IX small, slender and elongate. Male abdominal apex with pair of small, rounded, mesal lobes and one pair of elongate lateral lobes, each bearing 4 dark, long apical setae; abdominal apex of female with small rounded lobules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFDBFF73F98B936BF90D" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73F98B9678F9E8" bold="true" box="[201,369,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Pupal retreat.</emphasis>
Mean length
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFDA9F98A9570F9E9" box="[531,633,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="4.99">4.99 mm</quantity>
(SD =
<quantity id="65395DBB1614FFDBFD68F98A9435F9E9" box="[722,828,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
, n = 3). Constructed of fine sediment, silk and sand, attached to substrate, usually in depressions of rock, frequently found outside of water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D51614FFD7FF73F97296B7FE1C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1614FFD4FF73F9729298FF4F" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF73F972964CF920" bold="true" box="[201,325,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFEF4F973956EF920" box="[334,615,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFEF4F973956EF920" box="[334,615,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Xiphocentron sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371614FFDBFDD5F97395C2F920" box="[623,715,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFDD5F97395C2F920" bold="true" box="[623,715,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to subgenus
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFC79F97494D5F920" box="[963,988,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFC57F973938DF920" box="[1005,1156,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
) because the male has a spiniform sclerite on the internal margin of each inferior appendage. The male of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFBF0F91893EDF944" box="[1098,1252,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFBF0F91893EDF944" box="[1098,1252,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371614FFDBFB54F9179243F944" box="[1262,1354,1735,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB54F9179243F944" bold="true" box="[1262,1354,1735,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the male of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFED3F93C96F8F898" box="[361,497,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFED3F93C9673F898" box="[361,378,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFE36F93B96F8F898" box="[396,497,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the ventral glandular process of abdominal segment V digitiform;
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFA3EF93C97F5F8BC" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFA3EF93C97F5F8BC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only other species of
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFD9DF8C09531F8BC" box="[551,568,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFDEAF8DF95EEF8BC" box="[592,743,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
) for which this structure has been described, has this process on a scale-shaped region (Djernaes, 2011). The new species differs from the other species of
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB14F8E493B6F8D0" box="[1198,1215,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB62F8E39266F8D0" box="[1240,1391,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
) by having, in dorsal view, the internal margin of the inferior appendages each with two dense brushes of dark setae and preanal appendages with the apical region inflated. In the other species of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFB9CF8AB9278F809" authority="Antillotrichia" authorityName="Antillotrichia" box="[1062,1393,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB9CF8AB93B4F808" box="[1062,1213,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB6AF8AB926EF808" box="[1232,1383,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
the preanal appendages are straight such as in
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFDC9F87095E3F82C" box="[627,746,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFDC9F87095E3F82C" box="[627,746,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFD43F87094F2F82D" authority="Flint 1968" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1968" box="[761,1019,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nesidium">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFD43F8709474F82C" box="[761,893,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. nesidium</emphasis>
Flint 1968
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFBBFF8709264F82D" authority="Botosaneanu, 1988" authorityName="Botosaneanu" authorityYear="1988" box="[1029,1389,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parentum">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFBBFF8709387F82C" box="[1029,1166,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. parentum</emphasis>
Botosaneanu, 1988
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFF2DF8149614F840" box="[151,285,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFF2DF8149614F840" box="[151,285,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or have pointed apices as in
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFDDDF8149495F841" authority="Flint, 1964" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1964" box="[615,924,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borinquensis">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFDDDF8149411F840" box="[615,792,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. borinquensis</emphasis>
Flint, 1964
</taxonomicName>
.The female of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1614FFDBFBF0F81493EBF840" box="[1098,1250,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFBF0F81493EBF840" box="[1098,1250,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">X. sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371614FFDBFB50F813924CF840" box="[1258,1349,1987,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1614FFDBFB50F813924CF840" bold="true" box="[1258,1349,1987,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the typical characteristics of the family, but there are no diagnostic characters by which to distinguish it from those of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161BFFD4FF2DFF6D9606FF4F" box="[151,271,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FF2DFF6D9606FF4F" box="[151,271,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161BFFD4FEFFFF6D96C0FF4F" box="[325,457,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FEFFFF6D96C0FF4F" box="[325,457,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are the only species for which the females have been described and illustrated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F6BEA0D6161BFFD4FF2DF8C79441F8F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219210/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" targetBox="[165,1416,307,1740]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161BFFD4FF2DF8C79441F8F0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1815,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FF2DF8C7965DF8B6" bold="true" box="[151,340,1815,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">FIGURES 1721.</emphasis>
Adult of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161BFFD4FE0FF8C79458F8B6" box="[437,849,1815,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Antillotrichia">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FE0FF8C79537F8B6" box="[437,574,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FDF7F8C795DCF8B6" box="[589,725,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FD5EF8C79458F8B6" box="[740,849,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B869137161BFFD4FCE2F8C894A1F8B6" box="[856,936,1816,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161BFFD4FCE2F8C894A1F8B6" bold="true" box="[856,936,1816,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. 17) male habitus, dorsal view; 18) right anterior and 19) posterior wings, dorsal views; 20) male abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating left process), ventral view; 21) female abdominal sternum V (arrow indicating right process), ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F6BEA0D6161AFFD5FF2DF8BC923CF83A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" targetBox="[171,1394,207,1861]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161AFFD5FF2DF8BC923CF83A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1900,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161AFFD5FF2DF8BC9651F819" bold="true" box="[151,344,1900,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">FIGURES 2225.</emphasis>
Adult male of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161AFFD5FDB9F8BD94A1F818" box="[515,936,1901,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Antillotrichia">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161AFFD5FDB9F8BD9585F818" box="[515,652,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161AFFD5FD25F8BD942EF818" box="[671,807,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161AFFD5FC81F8BD94A1F818" box="[827,936,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B869137161AFFD5FC09F8BD9301F819" box="[947,1032,1901,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161AFFD5FC09F8BD9301F819" bold="true" box="[947,1032,1901,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
22a) genitalia, left lateral view; 22b) phallus, left lateral view; 23) sternum IX, ventral view; 24) genitalia, dorsal view; 25) phallus, left dorsolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F6BEA0D61619FFD6FF2DF85C931BF87C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219212/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" targetBox="[172,1417,228,1876]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1619FFD6FF2DF85C931BF87C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1932,2023]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1619FFD6FF2DF85C965DF839" bold="true" box="[151,340,1932,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">FIGURES 2629.</emphasis>
Male pupa of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1619FFD6FE5CF85D948BF838" box="[486,898,1933,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Antillotrichia">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1619FFD6FE5CF85D9566F838" box="[486,623,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1619FFD6FDC4F85D940FF838" box="[638,774,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Antillotrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1619FFD6FCAFF85D948BF838" box="[789,898,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371619FFD6FC32F85D94D1F839" box="[904,984,1933,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1619FFD6FC32F85D94D1F839" bold="true" box="[904,984,1933,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
26) Mandibles and labrum, dorsal view; 27) left half of abdominal segments IXX, ventral and dorsal views; 28) left tibia and tarsus of middle leg, posterior view; 29) right hook plates (27 = abdominal segment number, a = anterior, p = posterior), dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF73FF4796B7FE1C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FEE3FF4996F8FF2B" box="[345,497,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sclerothrix" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FEE3FF4996F8FF2B" box="[345,497,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. sclerothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B8691371618FFD7FE43FF48955DFF2B" box="[505,596,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" rank="species">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FE43FF48955DFF2B" bold="true" box="[505,596,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from those of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FCF6FF4994D8FF2B" box="[844,977,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FCF6FF4994D8FF2B" box="[844,977,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FBB2FF499388FF2B" box="[1032,1153,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FBB2FF499388FF2B" box="[1032,1153,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by having the 5p hook plates concave, long and narrow, with 10 teeth; in
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FCB6FF6D948DFF4F" box="[780,900,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FCB6FF6D948DFF4F" box="[780,900,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FC01FF6D9349FF4F" box="[955,1088,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FC01FF6D9349FF4F" box="[955,1088,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the 5p hook plates each bear 5 teeth. The new species also differs in hook plates 5a, in which the teeth are distributed as a continuous line, while in
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FF2DFED59614FE87" box="[151,285,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF2DFED59614FE87" box="[151,285,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are 8 teeth, 4 on each side with a median interval and in
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FC52FED59368FE87" box="[1000,1121,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FC52FED59368FE87" box="[1000,1121,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are only 8 teeth; each hook plate 6a is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FD90FEF995ACFEDB" box="[554,677,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FD90FEF995ACFEDB" box="[554,677,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FC76FEF9935DFEDB" box="[972,1108,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FC76FEF9935DFEDB" box="[972,1108,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has only 4 teeth; the expanded tarsi of the middle legs are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FCB5FE9D949AFEFF" box="[783,915,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haitiense">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FCB5FE9D949AFEFF" box="[783,915,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. haitiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from those of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FB01FE9D923BFEFF" box="[1211,1330,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moncho">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FB01FE9D923BFEFF" box="[1211,1330,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">X. moncho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the tarsi are not expanded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D51618FFD7FF7DFE4396A0F87F" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF7DFE43949AFE6F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF7DFE439489FE37" bold="true" box="[199,896,403,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="7D7A4EFC1618FFD7FE00FE449521FE37" box="[442,552,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male:
<collectingCountry id="DAD6B0CE1618FFD7FD38FE4395E6FE37" box="[642,751,403,428]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas,
</emphasis>
Presidente Figueiredo, “igarapé da Caverna do Maroagoa, km 6 AM 240”,
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FE68FE67957CFE54" box="[466,629,439,463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-1.0723139">01º0420.33&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FD37FE679440FE54" box="[653,841,439,463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-59.981735">059º5854.24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FCECFE679324FE54" box="[854,1069,439,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-04" valueMax="2008-09-04" valueMin="2008-08-04">04.viii.04.ix.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes; J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.):
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FED6FE0C96BEFE6F" box="[364,439,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
[pinned] and exuviae [glycerine], (INPA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF73FDD3943EFB6B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF73FDD39546FD80" bold="true" box="[201,591,514,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<typeStatus id="7D7A4EFC1618FFD7FF73FDD3964CFD80" box="[201,325,515,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="DAD6B0CE1618FFD7FEEAFDD296B4FD80" box="[336,445,514,539]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas:
</emphasis>
Presidente Figueiredo: “ramal do Castanhal, igarapé Canoas”;
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FAB4FDD09295FD81" box="[1294,1436,512,540]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="15" value="-11.830833">011º49'51&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/ 0601º04'15&quot;W,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FEDEFDFA96F3FDD9" box="[356,506,554,578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2001-01-03" valueMax="2001-01-10" valueMin="2001-01-03">0310.i.2001</date>
, A.M.O. Pes (leg.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FD49FDFA944DFDD9" box="[755,836,554,578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(pinned, 135, INPA); same collection data except 0312.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FF5FFD9F9641FDFC" box="[229,328,591,615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2001-01-01">
i.2001,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FE80FD9F9641FDFC" box="[314,328,591,615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male (pinned, 136, INPA); same except 0322.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FCD7FD9F94D9FDFC" box="[877,976,591,615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2001-01-01">
i.2001,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FC78FD9F94D9FDFC" box="[962,976,591,615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male (pinned, 137, INPA); same except
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FF2DFDA49663FD17" box="[151,362,628,652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-04" valueMax="2008-09-03" valueMin="2008-08-04">04-viii03.ix.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes; J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FC78FDA49306FD17" box="[962,1039,628,652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(pinned, 138, INPA); same except 03.i.27.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FF4DFD47966FFD34" box="[247,358,663,687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2001-02-01">
ii.2001,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FEE2FD47966FFD34" box="[344,358,663,687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male (alcohol, 139, INPA); same except
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FCF8FD4794FFFD34" box="[834,1014,663,687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-04" valueMax="2008-08-18" valueMin="2008-08-04">0418.viii.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes; J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FE84FD6C9683FD4F" box="[318,394,700,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(alcohol, 140, MZUSP); same except 04.viii.09.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC01FD6C9324FD4F" box="[955,1069,700,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-09-01">
ix.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FBA5FD6C9324FD4F" box="[1055,1069,700,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male and exuviae (alcohol, 142, INPA); same except
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FE2DFD0F951BFD6C" box="[407,530,735,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2000-09-30">30.ix.2000</date>
, A.M.O. Pes; J.O. da Silva,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FC3AFD0F94E0FD6C" box="[896,1001,735,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(alcohol, 143, INPA); same except 0422.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FF5EFCD4966DFC87" box="[228,356,772,796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-01">
viii.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FEECFCD4966DFC87" box="[342,356,772,796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female (alcohol, 144, INPA); same except 0425.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC2DFCD49311FC87" box="[919,1048,772,796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-01">
viii.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FBB0FCD49311FC87" box="[1034,1048,772,796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female and exuviae (alcohol, 145, MZUSP); same except 04.viii.10.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FD90FCF795A8FCA4" box="[554,673,807,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-09-01">
ix.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FD29FCF795A8FCA4" box="[659,673,807,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female (alcohol, 146, INPA); same excpet 04.viii.12.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FA9FFCF79295FCA4" box="[1317,1436,807,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-09-01">
ix.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FA34FCF79295FCA4" box="[1422,1436,807,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female (alcohol, 147, INPA); same except 04.viii.17.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FD49FC9C946FFCFF" box="[755,870,844,868]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-09-01">
ix.2008,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FCE2FC9C946FFCFF" box="[856,870,844,868]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female and exuviae (alcohol, 148, INPA); “km 60 AM 240, igarapé de 1ª ordem na caverna”; 01º59'32.7'S /
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FCA2FCBF94CCFC1C" box="[792,965,879,903]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-59.52225">059º31'20.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
.,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC6EFCBF937BFC1C" box="[980,1138,879,903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2007-02-22" valueMax="2007-02-24" valueMin="2007-02-22">2224.ii.2007</date>
, A.M.O. Pes (leg.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FAEBFCBF9292FC1C" box="[1361,1435,879,903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and exuviae,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FE8BFC44969DFC37" box="[305,404,916,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(alcohol, 149-150, INPA); same except 22.ii.08.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC6AFC44934EFC37" box="[976,1095,916,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2007-03-01">
iii.2007,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FB83FC44934EFC37" box="[1081,1095,916,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female and exuviae (alcohol, 151, INPA); same except 22.ii.12.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FDA1FC679584FC54" box="[539,653,951,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2007-04-01">
iv.2007,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FDC5FC679584FC54" box="[639,653,951,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male (alcohol, 152, INPA); same except 22.ii.20.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FB05FC679239FC54" box="[1215,1328,951,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2007-04-01">
iv.2007,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FA98FC679239FC54" box="[1314,1328,951,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1</specimenCount>
</date>
male and exuviae (alcohol, 153, INPA); same except 22.ii.23.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FD52FC0C9453FC6F" box="[744,858,988,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2007-04-01">
iv.2007,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FCF6FC0C9453FC6F" box="[844,858,988,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">1</specimenCount>
</date>
female and exuviae (alcohol, 154, INPA); “igarapé da Caverna do Maroagoa, km 6 AM 240”;
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FD27FC2F9448FB8C" box="[669,833,1023,1047]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-1.0723139">01º0420.33&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FCDAFC2F9314FB8C" box="[864,1053,1023,1047]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-59.981735">059º5854.24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, same except
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FB72FC2F9291FB8C" box="[1224,1432,1023,1047]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-04" valueMax="2008-10-27" valueMin="2008-08-04">04.viii.27.x.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes, J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FD6AFBF49413FBA7" box="[720,794,1060,1084]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and exuviae (alcohol, 155, INPA); “Cachoeira da Onça”,
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FF2DFB989621FBFB" box="[151,296,1096,1120]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-2.0355833">02º02'08.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FEF9FB9896E7FBFB" box="[323,494,1096,1120]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-60.03411">060º02'02.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FE41FB98958CFBFB" box="[507,645,1096,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-05">05.viii.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes, J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FB58FB989239FBFB" box="[1250,1328,1096,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(alcohol, 156, INPA); Barcelos: “base da Serra do Aracá, igarapé do Jabuti”,
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FC19FBBC934EFB1F" box="[931,1095,1132,1156]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="0.87616944">00º52'34,21&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FBDBFBBC9213FB1F" box="[1121,1306,1132,1156]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-63.474182">063º28'27,05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="65395DBB1618FFD7FA9DFBBC9279FB1F" box="[1319,1392,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="125.0">125 m</quantity>
alt.
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FF2DFB40967FFB33" box="[151,374,1168,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2009-07-25" valueMax="2009-08-04" valueMin="2009-07-25">25.vii.04.viii.2009</date>
, Malaise trap, A.P. dos Santos, N. Ferreira-Jr. (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FC6FFB409329FB33" box="[981,1056,1168,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FBE2FB4093CDFB33" box="[1112,1220,1168,1192]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(alcohol,(157-161, INPA);
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF4AFB63964EFB57" bold="true" box="[240,327,1203,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Amapá</emphasis>
, Oiapoque: “igarapé no Aeroporto FAB, (#12 AP),
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC1AFB64937EFB57" box="[928,1143,1204,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2011-08-08" valueMax="2011-09-07" valueMin="2011-08-08">08.viii.07.ix.2011</date>
, A.M.O. Pes, P. Cruz, A. Fernandes, N. Hamada (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FE49FB089537FB6B" box="[499,574,1240,1264]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(alcohol, 162, INPA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF7DFB2B93FFFAE4" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF7DFB2B9448FA8F" bold="true" box="[199,833,1275,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="DAD6B0CE1618FFD7FDF8FB2B95A6FA8F" box="[578,687,1275,1300]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas,
</emphasis>
Presidente Figueiredo: Ramal do Castanhal, igarapé Canoas”;
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FEB0FACF968EFAAC" box="[266,391,1311,1335]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="15" value="-1.8308333">01º49'51&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FE1CFACF9535FAAC" box="[422,572,1311,1335]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="15" value="-60.07083">060º04'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FDF6FACF95CFFAAC" box="[588,710,1311,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2000-09-30">30.ix.2000</date>
, A.M.O. Pes, J.O. da Silva, J. Bosco,
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FB22FACF93E1FAAC" box="[1176,1256,1311,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
(pharate male) (alcohol, 163, INPA); Cachoeira da Onça”,
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/
<geoCoordinate id="C7F596991618FFD7FC9DFA9494DBFAC7" box="[807,978,1348,1372]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" precision="1" value="-60.03411">060º02'02.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="D67FD69E1618FFD7FC67FA94936EFAC7" box="[989,1127,1348,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" value="2008-08-05">05.viii.2008</date>
, A.M.O. Pes, J.O. da Silva, A.P. dos Santos (legs.),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FE1BFAB796F0FA1B" box="[417,505,1383,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
(pharate males),
<specimenCount id="B4C73BD71618FFD7FD01FAB7940FFA1B" box="[699,774,1383,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
(pharate female) (alcohol, 164166, INPA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF7DFA5B95BCF9CC" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF7DFA5B9643FA3F" bold="true" box="[199,330,1419,1444]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Larvae and pupae of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FDF6FA5C9407FA3F" box="[588,782,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Machairocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FDF6FA5C9407FA3F" box="[588,782,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Machairocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FCF1FA5C94EBFA3F" box="[843,994,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FCF1FA5C94EBFA3F" box="[843,994,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in bedrock streams, in lotic and lentic environments and outside of the water, in shaded humid areas on stream banks (
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FB7BFA6193C4FA53" box="[1217,1229,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">e</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FB6EFA6193EBFA53" box="[1236,1250,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">g</emphasis>
., walls of caves, stream banks covered with leaf litter and mosses). Larvae of the two species are indistinguishable morphologically and ecologically and they were common in streams located in Presidente Figueiredo and Manaus municipalities. Larvae and pupae used sedimentary rocks, submerged trees and branches and the roots of plants as substrate, usually located in the splash zones of waterfalls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF73F9B494D8F904" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Since no morphological differences were observed between the two species collected in the region, the food habitat characterization presented below can be attributed to both species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF73F97C943DF8B4" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
The larval guts contained fine sediment, plant cells, invertebrate cuticle, chlorphytes, cyanophytes and diatoms (
<tableCitation id="EF43C5E51618FFD7FF24F91F97FDF97C" box="[158,244,1743,1767]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diatoms, chlorophytes and cyanophytes in the gut contents of Xiphocentronidae larvae (Trichoptera) in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, from March to October 2000." pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Sediment was predominant in the stomach contents because larvae scrape the substrate to obtain their food; this fact was already observed by Wiggins (1996) who reported
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FC4FF92493B4F897" box="[1013,1213,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xiphocentronidae</taxonomicName>
larvae feeding on microalgae and debris associated with the substrate surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E1618FFD7FF73F8EC96A0F87F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FF73F8EC9668F8CF" box="[201,353,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF73F8EC9668F8CF" box="[201,353,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults were only collected in the Canoas stream while in the other three streams (Onça and Sr. José streams, in Presidente Figueiredo municipality; Acará stream, in the Reserva Ducke, Manaus municipality) only
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD1618FFD7FF6BF854969AF807" box="[209,403,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Machairocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C1618FFD7FF6BF854969AF807" box="[209,403,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Machairocentron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults were collected. However, since the sites are very close to each other, especially the ones in Presidente Figueiredo municipality, it is not possible to exclude the possibility that the distributions of the two species can overlap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F6BEA0D6161FFFD0FF2DFF479336FF54" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FF2DFF479336FF54" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FF2DFF479602FF34" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Diatoms, chlorophytes and cyanophytes in the gut contents of
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FC03FF489371FF34" box="[953,1144,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xiphocentronidae</taxonomicName>
larvae (
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FB6AFF489246FF34" box="[1232,1359,152,175]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
) in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, from March to October 2000.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EADBA3D5161FFFD0FF25FF3A9453FCE0" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" type="description">
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FF25FF3A9425FE9B" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[159,812,234,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FF25FF3A962AFE9B" box="[159,291,234,256]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diatomaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pennales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="family">Diatomaceae</taxonomicName>
(Crysophyta: Bacillariophyta)
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFF3A9401FE9B" box="[679,776,234,256]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Cymbella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cymbellales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFF3A9401FE9B" box="[679,776,234,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Cymbella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFEDA9421FEE0" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFEDA94CAFE84" authority="Hustedt" authorityName="Hustedt" box="[679,963,265,287]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Eunotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="subrobusta">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFEDA9464FE84" box="[679,877,265,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Eunotia subrobusta</emphasis>
Hustedt
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFEF994CAFEA5" authority="W. Smith" authorityName="W. Smith" box="[679,963,296,318]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Eunotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="bidentula">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFEF99454FEA5" box="[679,861,296,318]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Eunotia bidentula</emphasis>
W. Smith
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE989315FEC7" authority="(Brbisson) Kutzing" authorityName="(Brbisson) Kutzing" box="[679,1052,326,349]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Eunotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE98945BFEC6" box="[679,850,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Eunotia flexuosa</emphasis>
(Brbisson) Kützing
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFEB695FEFEE0" box="[679,759,358,379]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Eunotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFEB695FEFEE0" box="[679,759,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Eunotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFE549450FE23" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE54936BFE02" authority="(Ehremberg) De Toni" authorityName="(Ehremberg) De Toni" box="[679,1122,387,410]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Amphipleuraceae" genus="Frustulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Naviculales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboides">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE54948AFE01" box="[679,899,388,410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Frustulia rhomboides</emphasis>
(Ehremberg) De Toni
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE72943CFE23" box="[679,821,418,440]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cymbellales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE72943CFE23" box="[679,821,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Gomphonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFE11942EFE4C" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,807,449,471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE11940BFE4C" box="[679,770,449,471]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arcidae" genus="Navicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE11940BFE4C" box="[679,770,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Navicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFE309430FE6D" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,825,480,502]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE30941CFE6D" box="[679,789,480,502]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Pinnulariaceae" genus="Pinnularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Naviculales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE30941CFE6D" box="[679,789,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Pinnularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFE2F942DFD8F" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,804,511,533]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFE2F9409FD8E" box="[679,768,511,533]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Surirellales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFE2F9409FD8E" box="[679,768,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Surirella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FF25FDF8944EFDA5" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[159,839,552,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
Chlorophyta
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFDF9942AFDA5" box="[679,803,553,574]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Scenedesmaceae" genus="Actinastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphaeropleales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFDF9942AFDA5" box="[679,803,553,574]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Actinastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFD979463FD01" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFD97937FFDC7" authority="(W. West) Teiling" authorityName="(W. West) Teiling" box="[679,1142,582,605]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Actinotaenium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="obcuneatum">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFD9794B4FDC6" box="[679,957,583,605]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Actinotaenium obcuneatum</emphasis>
(W. West) Teiling
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFDB6936EFDE0" authority="(Brbisson) Teiling" authorityName="(Brbisson) Teiling" box="[679,1127,613,635]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Actinotaenium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="palangula">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFDB694A1FDE0" box="[679,936,613,635]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Actinotaenium palangula</emphasis>
(Brbisson) Teiling
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFD54944EFD01" box="[679,839,644,666]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Selenastraceae" genus="Ankistrodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphaeropleales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFD54944EFD01" box="[679,839,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Ankistrodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFD739448FD6D" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFD7394F0FD23" authority="Kirchner" authorityName="Kirchner" box="[679,1017,674,696]" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Cosmarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="contractum">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFD739491FD23" box="[679,920,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Cosmarium contractum</emphasis>
Kirchner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFD129349FD4C" authority="(Gay) De Toni" authorityName="(Gay) De Toni" box="[679,1088,705,728]" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Cosmarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="quadratulum">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFD1294AEFD4C" box="[679,935,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Cosmarium quadratulum</emphasis>
(Gay) De Toni
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFD319414FD6D" box="[679,797,737,758]" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Cosmarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Charophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFD319414FD6D" box="[679,797,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Cosmarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFCD09433FC8F" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,826,767,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFCD0941FFC8E" box="[679,790,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Eunastrum</emphasis>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFCCD9453FCA8" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,858,797,819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFCCD943FFCA8" box="[679,822,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Oendogonium</emphasis>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FF25FC969446FCC7" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[159,847,838,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
Cyanophyta
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFC979425FCC6" box="[679,812,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Chorococcus</emphasis>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A27EF05E161FFFD0FD1DFCB59453FCE0" blockId="12.[159,1142,234,891]" box="[679,858,869,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="65C18BDD161FFFD0FD1DFCB5943EFCE0" box="[679,823,869,891]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Hapalosiphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90B52C4C161FFFD0FD1DFCB5943EFCE0" box="[679,823,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Hapalosiphon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>