228 lines
22 KiB
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228 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="85AE62B1A9605DECCAA52CEE2B39613E">Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the Micarea prasina group (Pilocarpaceae) and descriptions of six new species within the group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="572489C7DB7CB8476CACAE23122150B3">Guzow-Krzeminska, Beata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD45FE519B939F6BF6838E6938796710">Serusiaux, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF2D64FC01830A3073E8A528378A7FF">van den Boom, Pieter P. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4E95E1D11EC06828787F7BE77D9AAB8">Brand, A. Maarten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20FD0CC2CBE34F3B09F474CAEF7B7BF4">Launis, Annina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E4344B279474D3B6A0743E08A76775B">Kukwa, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="47331DEC55A4F02E0F4CB7880BF03E5D">MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A26E4D0D0066D0B55A7D2FFD5B538365">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F71EA1734A0501067D9486E3072FF487">57</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="274BE38ED33F709D598A530276F59FDC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="9186FD06398FAFB3BAE6A42EF3409CFF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2950C22CC2B551B5B09E6265B5997CA0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159293034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2950C22CC2B551B5B09E6265B5997CA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2950C22CC2B551B5B09E6265B5997CA0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Pilocarpaceae">
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<subSubSection id="4943BA064B8AE14ECFE5E23114A885D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DEE72ACBB2D32106F7B375CFE927C53B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="737DFF882C1F2B6519EF58197E0B9ED9" ID-CoL="42LS7" LSID="2950c22c-c2b5-51b5-b09e-6265b5997ca0" authority="van den Boom, Guzow-Krzeminska, Brand & Serus." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea nigra" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nigra">
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Micarea nigra van den Boom,
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<normalizedToken id="FDF3960EA97B0886EC3DD17EB5AE9626" originalValue="Guzow-Krzemińska">Guzow-Krzeminska</normalizedToken>
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, Brand &
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<normalizedToken id="7AB0E951A7355A4D5BF66DB82E5939C1" originalValue="Sérus">Serus</normalizedToken>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0A77A0041746EF7554204044B7F99973" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="E4B83FDA9F56DC113A4E4EBAC4B551F3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphology of newly described Micarea species A M. aeruginoprasina (holotype) B M. azorica (holotype) C M. isidioprasina (holotype) D M. microsorediata (holotype) E M. nigra (holotype) F M. pauli (holotype). Scale bars: 200 µm (A−C, E); 300 µm (D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="796B543C242683774E0E3006152A5715" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B1A8B17835CF7102E9FD5AC16932076C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FCE846FC947C56C1855A54FA39EF0FD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Species characterised by the production of branched isidia, dark greyish to almost black apothecia containing Cinereorufa-green pigment and measuring 0.15-0.5 mm in diam., (0-)1-septate, narrowly ellipsoidal to clavate ascospores measuring 7.5-12
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<normalizedToken id="6A3763A3C48ED1F720240E991CA6993F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.5
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<normalizedToken id="737A28D82795B2A1225E84855A5964B9" originalValue="–)3–">-)3-</normalizedToken>
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4.5
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<normalizedToken id="C25349D3A1197AE4C25B085F26074368" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and the production of methoxymicareic acid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E318A98CD91CFD757AA7EC8A38AF058" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F4847AA6A44CC4017C2DEC468700A293" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A787B8142EF3FD490E0DEFEEECE712E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Portugal. Estremadura, W of Lisbon, W of Sintra, Park de la Monserrate, 200 m alt.,
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<geoCoordinate id="A9E5C36F99F614842C5578995EFD12EC" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="47.30" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="38.788334">38°47.30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B06019CD1DB7295AABA51875D555EFC9" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="25.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-9.417833">9°25.07'W</geoCoordinate>
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, parkland with mixed (mature) trees and shrubs, on fern tree, 15 Oct. 2015, P. & B. van den Boom 53726 (holotype LG; isotypes UGDA, hb v.d. Boom, mtSSU GenBank accession number: MK562029).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF8F572D7ED17BC164B39467C857FE25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E1213475E960D5722BE4E8C8907D6A83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7FB9C1AB8C79B7947B0AB1E31D01BC92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Thallus inconspicuous, thin, consisting of often branched and vertically proliferating fine isidia; prothallus not seen; areoles up to 0.1 mm in diam.; isidia developing from small areoles, vertically branched and coralloid, in some parts crowded and forming almost a continuous layer, but separated in younger parts of thalli, brownish-green, up to 500
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<normalizedToken id="63E0738321DAC0DD7D2975D0A3E71B2A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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tall and 30
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<normalizedToken id="A075EA044BF0E283D308F2244434C537" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, with a distinct and complete hyphal layer; apothecia abundant, adnate, flat to moderately convex, emarginate, 0.15-0.5 mm in diam., dark greyish to almost black, sometimes with a pale greyish rim; hymenium greenish, with pale brownish streaks,
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<normalizedToken id="E63310A0AA4C70E4C87F59ED3A81F7BC" originalValue="K–">K-</normalizedToken>
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, C‒, 30-40
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<normalizedToken id="931D19C5167FF2E5D2C99AC78C5C0AAC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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tall; epihymenium aeruginose greenish, with Cinereorufa-green pigment, K+ green intensifying; hypothecium hyaline; paraphyses sparse, branched, tips not widened and not pigmented, ca. 1.0‒1.5
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<normalizedToken id="20638007FA89C08744AA8EB87807FD28" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; asci cylindrical to clavate, 24-28
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<normalizedToken id="836E732667361414C9AD10783C062751" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9-12
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<normalizedToken id="BB331C99332798D8177D4926FA214D6D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 8-spored; ascospores narrowly ellipsoid to clavate, 7.5-12
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<normalizedToken id="56227ABF0A0C78B92F0FC25D462EA3E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.5
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<normalizedToken id="C4D71F1736F8FE5324CBEA9A7288C122" originalValue="–)3–">-)3-</normalizedToken>
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4.5
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<normalizedToken id="F077A264888DDBB1840117982B1ECF30" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, (0-)1-septate; micropycnidia inconspicuous, rare, 30-60
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<normalizedToken id="1E71D070B7238F5F2D6480F2E8A047EB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diam., with dark brown top (
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<normalizedToken id="ED2575428A8215B2172AAE9ECF23405C" originalValue="K–">K-</normalizedToken>
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, C‒); microconidia bacilliform, sometimes slightly curved, aseptate, 7-10
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<normalizedToken id="064F1764299BF15FBD849221936875F4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.9
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<normalizedToken id="0D239C170E7F74ECE2A664DBDA53E7D2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; crystalline granules (studied in polarised light) not visible in apothecium, but detected in isidia (sometimes isidia very abundant and sometimes very few), insoluble in K.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37F35D74B6FD1D9FACAA3932E002698C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Photobiont micareoid, cells thin-walled, 4-8
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<normalizedToken id="9E246746ECD8CF8ECE819C543C4D7942" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diam., clustered in compact masses.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CCC5302009DBC4A247674EB91552F90" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chemistry">
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<paragraph id="EE2BB756D2A7D23E74DF0123546BAD3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chemistry.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA6672ED48B2DC4564D145673E53EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Methoxymicareic acid detected by TLC. Cinereorufa-green in apothecia (epihymenium).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CF0E15F1260DC2DB2AB7AF6A343A59D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="47730E2A3ECEA8F9215A3B585958EF68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CAE1AB11B4BEFFDBCB717B451BFF1BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abundantly present on a trunk of a fern tree in a parkland where many tropical and exotic fern and tree species have been introduced.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7B603698DBE21471A08BA89F91A272A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">To date, it is only known from the type locality in Portugal (Sintra).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C46A7EF1941EB2B7B9BFEDFA036A9AC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="48E14FA1D1D3ECA45F5DD4A40E127F51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA133BE8789867A0792841D809DCF7EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The epithet chosen for this species refers to its very dark appearance, the thallus being dark greenish and the apothecia mostly blackish.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04C92E9A75E9CC6A1097D237760CC36E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="13D340220DEEA6F8FC8FA5B4B568BB77" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C83A9904CED5DAF4E56DBF906505806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is resolved in the
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<taxonomicName id="333F6B5AE7CECD88BDAD7129EDC87516" lsidName="M. micrococca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="micrococca">
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<emphasis id="AA64E295F8409DBB325A342EE6D1A8CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. micrococca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (
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<figureCitation id="5DE4504E107AE29AF3EEBEF5ED9B529A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree based on three-loci dataset. Bootstrap supports ≥ 70 for ML and posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 (second value) for Bayesian methods are indicated near the branches. The highly supported clades with previously described species represented by numerous sequences are collapsed. Herbarium collection numbers for newly sequenced specimens precede the names of species and type specimens are marked. Newly described species are marked in bold. Micarea micrococca (orange) and M. prasina (blue) clades are indicated with shading. Ancestral states for selected characters reconstructed based on binary or multistate datasets using maximum parsimony (MP) or maximum likelihood methods (ML) are marked for the main clades: M. prasina group, M. micrococca clade and M. prasina clade using red (= present / significant) and white (= absent / insignificant) boxes or? (= uncertain)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321986" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) and is unique because of its dark grey to almost black apothecia and the presence of Cinereorufa-green pigment in epihymenium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6CD61E870DA785D3851D20CC127C07F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7FE220C4C4114CBC873FF1DDEF9BDBA8" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea nigra" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="F53DFF3A0C757E7CDBF96051EBE777C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName id="1D0A106A0D052B8ED056DBF9A4106DBB" lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
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<emphasis id="F5E387D38B30C4EC10925E0CF64657A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7BB8A5CC3463E9DE6D3163B98F5A9760" lsidName="M. isidioprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
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<emphasis id="504411EB3285BFEB3564EEADAAB74C01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. isidioprasina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0B6ADAA30953E399DA9F330163944882" lsidName="M. pauli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauli">
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<emphasis id="CB1277BCE0413E6A35450318BFA9482D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pauli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="CB2E2D556B5071B7EEC90B67817329A1" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea aeruginoprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC027D1C48F3D05A11D0B6CFBE9449FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3E3F530586B42818B7062758E8BBC13" lsidName="M. isidioprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="E20893B7F6328EE985AA5C398A41EA08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. isidioprasina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in the presence of micareic acid instead of methoxymicareic acid and paler apothecia. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E276F6AD3B88F1CD902D3DE64B8CBA43" lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF98DF5784D624C3E6C0C8DF24FF2BF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces different pigment in the apothecia (Sedifolia-grey).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="422637B17AA0E13E0CB04FE6AA82B7F5" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea pauli" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pauli">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E57A20233E16524886E1ABB6F08EA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea pauli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the production of methoxymicareic acid, Sedifolia-grey pigment in the apothecia and different distribution (see under that species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A26F8CD4F8A4A01DE3A672AD43C5C87" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Some morphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="014889174B62EAE8FEDE821B50B78544" lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="76C213C944FF5088B303535625140282" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also have dark apothecia, but this species contains micareic acid and Sedifolia-grey in the apothecia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="46E8906DA187B5AB89C8A80752C7C119" author="Coppins, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 214" refId="B12" refString="Coppins, BJ, 1983. A taxonomic study of the lichen genus Micarea in Europe. . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 11: 17 - 214" title="A taxonomic study of the lichen genus Micarea in Europe." volume="11" year="1983">Coppins 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57B28D65D4F41AB5CB1992081B5BC373" author="Czarnota, P." journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 199" refId="B15" refString="Czarnota, P., 2007. The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland. . Polish Botanical Studies 23: 1 - 199" title="The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland." volume="23" year="2007">Czarnota 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3BB88CBF4A524D0FCD6C1471DB90597" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 25" refId="B36" refString="Launis, A, Pykaelae, J, van den Boom, P, Serusiaux, E, Myllys, L, 2019a. Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe. . Lichenologist 51: 7 - 25" title="Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" volume="51" year="2019 a">Launis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0AD4334F0EAFECD81EC88E228352FEBA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Launis, A, Malicek, J, Serusiaux, E, Svensson, M, Tsurykau, A, Myllys, L, 2019b. . https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" year="2019 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79589B3956BF850204AB92D38AFFFD76" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea subviridescens" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subviridescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C648F13FBCEE5537DE772EFDBF3A54FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea subviridescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have blackish apothecia and is sometimes epiphytic, but it produces prasinic acid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7FE28C4D77FC1A8877A466B0006BF9CE" author="Coppins, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="17 - 214" refId="B12" refString="Coppins, BJ, 1983. A taxonomic study of the lichen genus Micarea in Europe. . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 11: 17 - 214" title="A taxonomic study of the lichen genus Micarea in Europe." volume="11" year="1983">Coppins 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |