168 lines
21 KiB
XML
168 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AA5F279D84E3515B59ED89491D0019CD">The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F15899213F4FD712736809C7E24B2B4">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="508DC3115BFC816E8B0C8A492CB7EA64">Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11786BA999F3F0376687999E1F987BBB">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AC8214D45C9A6A6B65ABEC0950E048E1">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="354B28E08FA6D8E463A13DC4F71B884F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D0DCD254CC1E1E009C64D6780CB94E9">2014-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F5523C5166F78C39A31BA85244090722">62</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="E9F8C7F91073861ED5E6F879B785F823" box="[182,728,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED5E6F879B785F823" blockId="5.[182,728,1943,1999]" box="[182,728,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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<heading id="FA15231E1073861ED5E6F879B785F823" bold="true" box="[182,728,1943,1967]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED5E6F879B785F823" ID-CoL="4PWDX" authority="(Benthem Jutting, 1949)" baseAuthorityName="Benthem Jutting" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[182,728,1943,1967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbraticus">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED5E6F879B785F823" bold="true" box="[182,728,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED5E6F879B4E4F823" bold="true" box="[182,441,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Pterocyclos umbraticus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED499F876B78CF823" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" box="[457,721,1944,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="50 - 77" refId="ref6872" refString="van Benthem Jutting WSS (1949) On collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19: 50 - 77." type="journal article" year="1949">Benthem Jutting, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9F8C7F91073861ED4D1F856B750F843" box="[385,525,1976,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED4D1F856B750F843" blockId="5.[182,728,1943,1999]" box="[385,525,1976,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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(
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<figureCitation id="39D988F71073861ED4D9F856B489F843" box="[393,468,1976,1999]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[136,171,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[136,774,1032,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-176@1.[136,774,1032,1975]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Distribution map of Pterocyclos species examined in this study. The numbered locality names are detailed in Table 1. The approximate type locality of Pterocyclos subalatus, and Pterocyclos umbraticus, are indicated by locality numbers 3 and 5, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5458833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="39D988F71073861ED4B4F856B758F843" box="[484,517,1976,1999]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,148,1890,1911]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,259,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[113,1451,259,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D, Shell and operculum of Pterocyclos rupestris: A, lectotype UMZC 2359.1; B, paralectotype UMZC 2359.2; C, syntype of var. 3 UMZC 2359.3; D, operculum from same lot of the paralectotype (showing top, side and bottom views). E, F, Specimens of P. blandi from Langkawi Island, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4582. G, Holotype UMZC 1032 of P. subalatus. H–J, Pterocyclos spaleotes: H, lectotype NMW 1955.158.01107, I, paralectotype NMW 1981.118.02705; J, topotype specimen CUMZ 4585. K, Holotype ZMA Moll. 135622 of P. umbraticus. L–P, Pterocyclos diluvium Sutcharit & Panha, new species: L, holotype CUMZ 4595, M, paratype CUMZ 4588, N, specimen from Gua Cenderawasih, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4592; and O, P, specimens from Tam Tone-din, Kuan-Don, Satun, Thailand CUMZ 4590 showing a: O, uniform whitish shell; and P, dark brown colour patterns. Q–S, Pterocyclos frednaggsi Sutcharit & Panha, new species: Q, holotype CUMZ 4594; R, paratype CUMZ 4581; S, specimen from Gua Pulai, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia CUMZ 4597." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5458837/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">3K</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9F8C7F91073861ED5D8F819B65FF7A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED5D8F819B65FF7A0" blockId="5.[136,775,2039,2092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="81F2B35C1073861ED5D8F819B65FF7A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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<treatmentCitation id="2043B2631073861ED5D8F819B73EF780" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" box="[136,611,2039,2060]" page="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" year="1949">
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<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED5D8F819B73EF780" ID-CoL="32YRN" authority="Benthem Jutting, 1949: 54" authorityName="Benthem Jutting" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1949" box="[136,611,2039,2060]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbraticus">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED5D8F819B40CF780" box="[136,337,2039,2060]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Cyclotus umbraticus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED40AF819B73EF780" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" box="[346,611,2039,2060]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="50 - 77" refId="ref6872" refString="van Benthem Jutting WSS (1949) On collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19: 50 - 77." type="journal article" year="1949">Benthem Jutting, 1949: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 55, pl. 1 fig. 1.
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<typeStatus id="7E592AD01073861ED5FEF7F9B583F7A0" box="[174,222,2071,2092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality: Maxwell’s Hill (
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<quantity id="661A39971073861ED48CF7F9B76FF7A0" box="[476,562,2071,2092]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 feet</quantity>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="2043B2631073861ED713F7F9B7A3F7A0" author="Maassen WJM" box="[579,766,2071,2092]" page="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED713F7F9B7A3F7A0" author="Maassen WJM" box="[579,766,2071,2092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref7540" refString="Maassen WJM (2001) A preliminary checklist of the non-marine Molluscs of west Malaysia, A hand list. De Kreukel Supplement: 1 - 155." type="book chapter" year="2001">Maassen, 2001: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9F8C7F91073861ED613FAB6B09EFA02" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED613FAB6B09EFA02" blockId="5.[835,1475,1368,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED613FAB6B6A4FAE3" bold="true" box="[835,1017,1368,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Type specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="118A9E2F1073861ED6AEFAB6B09EFA02" collectionCode="ZMA" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<typeStatus id="7E592AD01073861ED6AEFAB6B13DFAE3" box="[1022,1120,1368,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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<collectionCode id="C7F30CB71073861ED135FAB6B1C2FAE3" box="[1125,1183,1368,1391]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">ZMA</collectionCode>
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||
Mol. 135622 (height 13.2 × diameter
|
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<quantity id="661A39971073861ED6F4FA99B15EFA02" box="[932,1027,1399,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
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,
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<figureCitation id="39D988F71073861ED15CFA99B106FA02" box="[1036,1115,1399,1422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,148,1890,1911]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,259,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[113,1451,259,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D, Shell and operculum of Pterocyclos rupestris: A, lectotype UMZC 2359.1; B, paralectotype UMZC 2359.2; C, syntype of var. 3 UMZC 2359.3; D, operculum from same lot of the paralectotype (showing top, side and bottom views). E, F, Specimens of P. blandi from Langkawi Island, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4582. G, Holotype UMZC 1032 of P. subalatus. H–J, Pterocyclos spaleotes: H, lectotype NMW 1955.158.01107, I, paralectotype NMW 1981.118.02705; J, topotype specimen CUMZ 4585. K, Holotype ZMA Moll. 135622 of P. umbraticus. L–P, Pterocyclos diluvium Sutcharit & Panha, new species: L, holotype CUMZ 4595, M, paratype CUMZ 4588, N, specimen from Gua Cenderawasih, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4592; and O, P, specimens from Tam Tone-din, Kuan-Don, Satun, Thailand CUMZ 4590 showing a: O, uniform whitish shell; and P, dark brown colour patterns. Q–S, Pterocyclos frednaggsi Sutcharit & Panha, new species: Q, holotype CUMZ 4594; R, paratype CUMZ 4581; S, specimen from Gua Pulai, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia CUMZ 4597." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5458837/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
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) (no other material was available).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9F8C7F91073861ED613FA5BB10FF7BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED613FA5BB00DF8B3" blockId="5.[835,1474,1461,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED613FA5BB6EEFA40" bold="true" box="[835,947,1461,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED6EDFA5BB19BFA40" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" box="[957,1222,1461,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="50 - 77" refId="ref6872" refString="van Benthem Jutting WSS (1949) On collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19: 50 - 77." type="journal article" year="1949">Benthem Jutting (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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||
described this species based on a number of shells. We have examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E592AD01073861ED613FA1DB6FEF986" box="[835,931,1523,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which clearly does not show the typical characters of
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<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED635F9FCB69AF9A5" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[869,967,1554,1577]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED635F9FCB69AF9A5" box="[869,967,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Cyclotus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and, therefore, we suggest transferring the species to
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<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED6E2F9DFB172F9C4" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1832" box="[946,1071,1585,1608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED6E2F9DFB172F9C4" box="[946,1071,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Pterocyclos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The shell has a relatively large, short channel-like accessory respiratory structure at the apertural lip, and the upper part of the apertural lip is expanded near the suture. In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED11FF960B1F2F929" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[1103,1199,1678,1701]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="939648601073861ED11FF960B1F2F929" box="[1103,1199,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Cyclotus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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usually has a relatively small shell (diameter
|
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<quantity id="661A39971073861ED17FF943B1FAF948" box="[1071,1191,1709,1732]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">
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||
10
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||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED119F943B10BF948" bold="true" box="[1097,1110,1709,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">–</emphasis>
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||
30 mm
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||
</quantity>
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||
), no accessory respiratory structure or only a short sutural tube, and has a corneous or thin calcareous, plate-shaped operculum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED07BF905B0E3F88E" author="Kobelt W" box="[1323,1470,1771,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" refId="ref7268" refString="Kobelt W (1902) Das Tierreich: Cyclophoridae. R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, Germany, 662 pp." type="book" year="1902">Kobelt, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED613F8E4B627F8AD" author="Kobelt W" box="[835,890,1802,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="713 - 816" refId="ref7291" refString="Kobelt W (1911 - 1914) Die gedeckekten Lngenschnecken (Cyclostomacea). In: Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Mischreibungen. Dritte Abteilung. Cyclophoridae II. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, 1 (19) (3): 713 - 1048, Taf. 104 - 156. [1911, pp. 713 - 816, pls 104 - 121]" type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED6D4F8E4B158F8AD" author="Wenz W" box="[900,1029,1802,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref8426" refString="Wenz W (1938 - 1944) Gastropoda. Teil 1, Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. In: Schindewol (ed.) Handbuch der Palaozoologie, Volume 6, Gebruder Borntrager, Berlin. Pp. 1 - 231" type="book chapter" year="1938">Wenz, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Because of these differences, we suggest the re-assignment of this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED19CF8C6B014F8B3" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1832" box="[1228,1353,1832,1855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED19CF8C6B014F8B3" box="[1228,1353,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Pterocyclos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A15D94721073861ED613F888B10FF7BB" blockId="5.[835,1474,1894,2103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">
|
||
The characters by which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED138F888B05EF8F1" authorityName="Benthem Jutting" authorityYear="1949" box="[1128,1283,1894,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cyclotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umbraticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED138F888B05EF8F1" box="[1128,1283,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">P. umbraticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66E2EFF11073861ED6D5F86BB100F810" box="[901,1117,1925,1948]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pterocyclos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED6D5F86BB159F810" box="[901,1028,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Pterocyclos</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the chevron-shaped, zigzag sculpture on the upper shell surface, and the accessory respiratory structure that forms a nearly complete tube. In addition, this species tends to live in non-limestone forests of highland areas (altitude about
|
||
<quantity id="661A39971073861ED1E7F7EFB01FF794" box="[1207,1346,2049,2072]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
200
|
||
<emphasis id="939648601073861ED18FF7EFB1B1F794" bold="true" box="[1247,1260,2049,2072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">–</emphasis>
|
||
1600 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="63265A901073861ED023F7EFB09FF794" box="[1395,1474,2049,2072]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="5" pageNumber="335">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C573E9831073861ED61AF7CEB11BF7BB" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" box="[842,1094,2080,2103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="335" pagination="50 - 77" refId="ref6872" refString="van Benthem Jutting WSS (1949) On collection of non-marine Mollusca from Malaya in the Raffles Museum, Singapore, with an appendix on cave shells. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 19: 50 - 77." type="journal article" year="1949">Benthem Jutting, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |