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<document id="F7D3EB0ACD17E0CE11000D921F7B5740" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12210" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-PMC="PMC4328149" ID-PubMed="25745268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5334130" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630175104608" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gebiola, Marco, Bernardo, Umberto, Ribes, Antoni &amp; Gibson, Gary A. P." docDate="2015" docId="293AD62EFFB6340A1095FC73FD19FEAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12210.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12210" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Necremnus croton" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="390" masterDocId="D503AE56FF9034221046FFC0FFEFFF95" masterDocTitle="An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="352" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1699175065410" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D774800130F1F6991B39C47E307B4A0C">An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9268DD35F2F73692DD7C28E237DE8922">Gebiola, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C37DA4FF3E962FE9BDD6587347EAB92">Ribes, Antoni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C6FF3B50C6BA7A6F546EC1ACC011A92">Gibson, Gary A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="162AB0BF00DAFFEDA003076DFE47326C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CB88A84B3894047A8F16F0D40DA986D8">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="293AD62EFFB6340A1095FC73FD19FEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:293AD62EFFB6340A1095FC73FD19FEAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293AD62EFFB6340A1095FC73FD19FEAD" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<subSubSection id="E98934B3FFB634041095FC73FD34FC5C" box="[211,731,947,969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB634041095FC73FD34FC5C" blockId="38.[211,731,947,969]" box="[211,731,947,969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<heading id="FA64D054FFB634041095FC73FD34FC5C" box="[211,731,947,969]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB634041095FC73FE2AFC53" ID-CoL="45ZQG" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[211,453,947,968]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB634041095FC73FE2AFC53" box="[211,453,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">NECREMNUS CROTON</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(WALKER) (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041216FC73FD3BFC5C" box="[592,724,947,969]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">FIGS 72–77</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E98934B3FFB6340410E2FC19FD6DFBBE" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2FC19FE84FB9B" blockId="38.[164,779,984,1068]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="81834016FFB6340410E2FC19FE84FB9B" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<treatmentCitation id="20324129FFB6340410E2FC19FDCFFC7B" author="Walker F" box="[164,544,985,1007]" page="182" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" year="1839">
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340410E2FC19FDCFFC7B" ID-CoL="3CC9M" authority="Walker, 1839: 182" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1839" box="[164,544,985,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Eulophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340410E2FC19FEBAFC7A" box="[164,341,985,1007]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Eulophus croton</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="11FB6D65FFB63404111AFC19FDCFFC7B" box="[348,544,985,1007]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="C5021AC9FFB63404111AFC19FDCFFC7B" author="Walker F" box="[348,544,985,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" refId="ref48006" refString="Walker F. 1839. Monographia Chalciditum, 1, London, 333 pp." type="book" year="1839">Walker, 1839: 182</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
.
<specimenCount id="B795ACB1FFB63404126DFC18FDAFFC7B" box="[555,576,984,1006]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB634041200FC19FD48FC7A" box="[582,679,985,1007]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(BMNH, here designated).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410FAFBD7FD6DFBBE" blockId="38.[164,779,984,1068]" box="[188,642,1046,1068]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="81834016FFB6340410FAFBD7FD6DFBBE" box="[188,642,1046,1068]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340410FAFBD7FE64FBB9" ID-CoL="45ZQG" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[188,395,1047,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340410FAFBD7FE64FBB9" box="[188,395,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Necremnus croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="20324129FFB6340411DAFBD6FD91FBBE" author="Graham MWR de V." box="[412,638,1046,1068]" page="184" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="C5021AC9FFB6340411DAFBD6FD91FBBE" author="Graham MWR de V." box="[412,638,1046,1068]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" pagination="169 - 204" refId="ref46406" refString="Graham MWR de V. 1959. Keys to the British genera and species of Elachertinae, Eulophinae, Entedontinae and Euderinae (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 13: 169 - 204." type="journal article" year="1959">Graham, 1959: 184</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2FB95FEAEFBFC" blockId="38.[164,779,1108,1742]" box="[164,321,1108,1130]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340410E2FB95FEAEFBFC" box="[164,321,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB6340410E2FB95FF37FBFF" box="[164,216,1109,1130]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2FBB3FD1CF95B" blockId="38.[164,779,1108,1742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
There is no indication in the original description of whether the type series consisted of more than a single female. The original description stated that the species was collected near London. The BMNH has a single, card-mounted female (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB6340411EEFB2DFE18FA96" box="[424,503,1261,1283]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) with the following five labels: (1) a circular, purple-bordered label with ‘LECTOTYPE’; (2) a rectangular label with ‘
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404123FFAEBFD2DFAD5" box="[633,706,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Croton</emphasis>
’ handwritten on one side and ‘[?]ENT GAR’ printed on the other side; (3) a rectangular label with ‘
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB634041207FAA8FCE4FAE8" authority="Croton" authorityName="Croton" box="[577,779,1384,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB634041207FAA8FCE4FAE8" box="[577,779,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Pteromalus Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker’ handwritten on one side and ‘Stood under this name in old B.M. Coll. C. Waterhouse.’ printed on the other side; (4) a rectangular label with ‘
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB634041216FA03FF19FA6D" authority="Croton Walker" authorityName="Croton Walker" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Eulophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB634041216FA03FCE5FA4C" box="[592,778,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Eulophus Croton</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB6340410B9FA22FE71FA62" box="[255,414,1506,1527]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="B795ACB1FFB6340411EDFA21FE2FFA62" box="[427,448,1505,1527]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
M. de V. Graham det. 1958’ partly printed and handwritten; and (5) a square label with ‘B.M. TYPE HYM. 5.2501’. The
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB63404127BF9DFFD4DF9A0" box="[573,674,1567,1589]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is entire, but the head is collapsed and the flagellum is mostly covered in glue (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404112EF99CFE55F9E7" box="[360,442,1628,1650]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
). As Graham did not validly designate a
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB63404116AF9BBFE7DF904" box="[300,402,1659,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
through publication under ICZN rules, in order to stabilize the concept of the name we designate this female as the
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB6340411BEF978FDB1F95B" box="[504,606,1720,1742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340412C0F979FD03F95B" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[646,748,1721,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340412C0F979FD03F95B" box="[646,748,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">E. croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2F937FECAF899" blockId="38.[164,293,1783,1804]" box="[164,293,1783,1804]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340410E2F937FECAF899" box="[164,293,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2F8DBFE99F8A4" blockId="38.[164,779,1819,1903]" box="[164,374,1819,1841]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
Female (
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB63404114EF8DBFE9FF8A4" box="[264,368,1819,1841]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340410E2F8FAFBEEFB3A" blockId="38.[164,779,1819,1903]" lastBlockId="38.[826,1442,198,1199]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
Body (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB6340410A8F8FAFED2F8C5" box="[238,317,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) almost
<quantity id="666BCADDFFB6340411E7F8FAFE19F8DA" box="[417,502,1850,1872]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in length. Head strongly collapsed, but primarily dark brown with very slight violaceous lustre under some angles of light. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041304FF24FC61FF6F" box="[834,910,228,250]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
) with scape similarly dark as flagellum; length of flagellum + pedicel at most about 1.2 × width of head (head strongly collapsed and width estimated); flagellum with length of F1 + anelli about 1.5 × length of pedicel and about 2.1 × as long as wide, F2 about 1.8 ×, F3 about 1.5 ×, and clava about 2.6 × as long as wide. Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404138BFE5CFBB5FE27" box="[973,1114,412,434]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Figs 72, 74</figureCitation>
) with mesonotum bluishgreen to purple under some angles of light, but dorsellum and propodeum more distinctly green (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404150DFE19FA79FE7A" box="[1355,1430,473,495]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
); tegula uniformly yellowish brown. Mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041508FE38FA75FD9B" box="[1358,1434,504,526]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
) with mesoscutum distinctly mesh-like reticulate; scutellum entirely, distinctly reticulate, the reticulations somewhat larger and more elongate laterally than along midline. Fore wing (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404145BFDB2FB77FD1D" box="[1053,1176,626,648]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Figs 72, 76</figureCitation>
) hyaline; basal cell and speculum posteriorly delimited by complete rows of setae (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041305FD6FFC78FD50" box="[835,919,687,709]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
); speculum broadly bare dorsally; approximate ratio of cc: mv: stv: pmv = 53:36:15:[?]. Legs (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041305FD2CFC79FC97" box="[835,918,748,770]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) with profemur dark brown, protibia and protarsus lighter brown with knee and tibia dorsolongitudinally pale; meso- and metafemora dark brown, metatibia brown except extreme base and apex pale, but mesotibia with about basal half more brownish yellow, and meso- and metatarsi with basal two tarsomeres pale and apical two tarsomeres brownish. Metanotum with dorsellum distinctly reticulate (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404150CFC02FA79FC4D" box="[1354,1430,962,984]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). Propodeum (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404138CFC21FBF7FC62" box="[970,1048,993,1015]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
) with entire median carina, otherwise reticulate to more reticulate-imbricate toward spiracles; spiracle comparatively small, separated from posterior margin of metanotum by about minimum internal diameter. Gaster (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041428FB9BFB53FBE7" box="[1134,1212,1115,1138]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) brown; about 1.9 × as long as wide and about 1.25 × length of mesosoma; syntergum short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFB16FC9CFB79" blockId="38.[826,945,1238,1290]" box="[826,883,1238,1260]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFB34FC5EFA9F" blockId="38.[826,945,1238,1290]" box="[826,945,1268,1290]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFAF2FC2AFAD2" blockId="38.[826,1439,1330,1382]" box="[826,965,1330,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404137CFAF2FC2AFAD2" box="[826,965,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFA90FA70FAF3" blockId="38.[826,1439,1330,1382]" box="[826,1439,1360,1382]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<collectingCountry id="D98427A8FFB63404137CFA90FC72FAF3" box="[826,925,1360,1382]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">England</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D98427A8FFB6340413EDFA90FBC6FAF3" box="[939,1065,1360,1382]" name="Macedonia" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D98427A8FFB634041471FA90FB7DFAF3" box="[1079,1170,1360,1382]" name="Sweden" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D98427A8FFB6340414E6FA90FB1EFAF3" box="[1184,1265,1360,1382]" name="Turkey" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C5021AC9FFB634041544FA90FA7BFAF3" author="Noyes JS" box="[1282,1428,1360,1382]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" refId="ref47229" refString="Noyes JS. 2013. Universal Chalcidoidea database. Available at: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids" type="url" year="2013">Noyes, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFA4EFC96FA36" blockId="38.[826,1441,1422,1505]" box="[826,889,1422,1443]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404137CFA4EFC96FA36" box="[826,889,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Hosts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CFA6CFB9EFA74" blockId="38.[826,1441,1422,1505]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB63404137CFA6CFB17FA57" authority="(Rebel)" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" box="[826,1272,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Pseudobankesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedoniella">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404137CFA6CFB75FA54" box="[826,1178,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Pseudobankesia macedoniella</emphasis>
(Rebel)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB63404154AFA6CFA71FA57" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1292,1438,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB63404137CFA0BFC41FA74" box="[826,942,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychidae</taxonomicName>
) (Boucˇek, 1977).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB63404137CF9C9FC5BF98B" blockId="38.[826,1442,1545,1902]" box="[826,948,1545,1566]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404137CF9C9FC5BF98B" box="[826,948,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A12C6738FFB6340A137CF9E6FD19FEAD" blockId="38.[826,1442,1545,1902]" lastBlockId="40.[164,779,198,312]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">
Females of
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340413F0F9E7FBF7F9A9" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[950,1048,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340413F0F9E7FBF7F9A9" box="[950,1048,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">N. croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB634041409F9E7FB3DF9A9" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1959" box="[1103,1234,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB634041409F9E7FB3DF9A9" box="[1103,1234,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">N. capitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boucˇek differ from those of other described
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340414E1F986FADFF9CE" box="[1191,1328,1606,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340414E1F986FADFF9CE" box="[1191,1328,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Necremnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB63404137CF9A4FC34F9EC" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1959" box="[826,987,1636,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propodealis">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404137CF9A4FC34F9EC" box="[826,987,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">N. propodealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boucˇek, which has pale legs beyond the coxae) by their comparatively strongly sculptured mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB6340413FEF961FBECF922" box="[952,1027,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
), particularly the propodeum (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB63404150DF961FA79F922" box="[1355,1430,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). Accurate measurement of the length of the postmarginal vein of the
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB6340413F3F91EFBF9F961" box="[949,1046,1758,1780]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB63404147EF91FFB74F961" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1080,1179,1759,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB63404147EF91FFB74F961" box="[1080,1179,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">N. croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is questionable because the wing is glued to the card and the exact apical extent of the vein is not clear (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB634041425F8DBFB5AF8A4" box="[1123,1205,1819,1841]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
), although the vein appears to be relatively short compared with the stigmal vein.
<bibRefCitation id="C5021AC9FFB634041339F898FBCEF8FB" author="Askew RR" box="[895,1057,1880,1902]" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" pagination="265 - 271" refId="ref44735" refString="Askew RR. 1964. Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Manchester Museum (part 3). Entomologist 97: 265 - 271." type="journal article" year="1964">Askew (1964)</bibRefCitation>
stated that both
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB6340414B8F899FA86F8FB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1278,1385,1881,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB6340414B8F899FA86F8FB" box="[1278,1385,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="390">N. croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB7340510D6F986FEF5F9CE" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1959" box="[144,282,1606,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB7340510D6F986FEF5F9CE" box="[144,282,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">N. capitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the postmarginal vein only slightly longer than the stigmal vein. Females of the two species are very similar, but according to
<bibRefCitation id="C5021AC9FFB73405120BF943FD19F90D" author="Askew RR" box="[589,758,1666,1689]" pageId="39" pageNumber="391" pagination="265 - 271" refId="ref44735" refString="Askew RR. 1964. Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Manchester Museum (part 3). Entomologist 97: 265 - 271." type="journal article" year="1964">Askew (1964)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB7340510D6F962FEF6F922" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1959" box="[144,281,1698,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB7340510D6F962FEF6F922" box="[144,281,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">N. capitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have extensively pale tibiae with the meso- and metatibiae at most infuscate only apically, and a less elongate body (gaster about 1.4 × as long as wide and only about 0.77 × the combined length of the head and mesosoma), but with longer funicular segments (F1 at least 3 × as long as wide). The
<typeStatus id="7E28D99AFFB7340510D6F899FF19F8FA" box="[144,246,1881,1903]" pageId="39" pageNumber="391" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="66931CBBFFB734051167F899FE66F8FB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[289,393,1881,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Necremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croton">
<emphasis id="93E7BB2AFFB734051167F899FE66F8FB" box="[289,393,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">N. croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the gaster about twice as long as wide and subequal in length to the head and mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB7340513E1F9A4FC19F9EF" box="[935,1014,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). However, the gaster is strongly collapsed dorsally, which may result in a slightly greater length to width ratio, and the head is also collapsed so as to appear strongly transverse in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB734051368F91EFC92F961" box="[814,893,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
), which probably results in a somewhat longer gaster to head plus mesosoma ratio than in fully inflated, natural specimens. Perhaps a more reliable feature is that F1 + anelli is only about 2.1 × as long as wide (about 1.9 × excluding anelli,
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB734051569F899FA6FF8FA" box="[1327,1408,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="391">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
). Additionally, at least the metatibia is infuscate except very narrowly basally and apically. The mesotibia has a similar colour pattern except about the basal half is somewhat paler, more brownish yellow (
<figureCitation id="39A87BBDFFB8340A12DEFEE2FD05FEAD" box="[664,746,290,312]" captionStart="Figures 72–77" captionStartId="39.[144,234,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-191@39.[144,1425,194,1478]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 72–77. Necremnus croton, ♀ lectotype. 72, dorsal habitus; 73, antennae; 74, dorsal mesosoma; 75, metanotum and propodeum; 76, fore wing; 77, fore wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5334162/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="392">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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