374 lines
46 KiB
XML
374 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="A912AB4E9CFF5011316464C837312B0D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4996.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073343" ID-ZooBank="F398F5CE-82CA-48E2-98BA-9B59AF27DB5D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625469380392" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marlow, Joseph, Bell, James J., Shaffer, Megan, Haris, Abdul & Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia" docDate="2021" docId="292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4996.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4996 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zyzzya criceta Schonberg 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="D51BFFACFF8EFF9CFFDCFFAAFFD1C70B" masterDocTitle="Bioeroding sponge species from the Wakatobi region of southeast Sulawesi Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698988522975" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD6DA16F0D26E175EAC5649C2B6C25D2">
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<mods:title id="B8D328D013212DC38981D3AE31994D65">Bioeroding sponge species from the Wakatobi region of southeast Sulawesi Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F43ADF9A93F539D8A0B95F5D1EC19632">Marlow, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7624192A092A865C7C9D3E0B2104AC8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02FEC349A3C2B120218D3BD06B5E8BB0">Bell, James J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="56967934FC0B755646458BB26E015E1E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3AA66F5ECE77B836DE796F87D40B72D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E2C1BD53052467E3E1227AB64B93F01E">Shaffer, Megan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="66BED66F264C201F5C72746A4DF2A0A7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA2D80EA4782D9D7438C5DAFC9A0F262">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6DBF72BE742D2FB93CDBA952B36F5A73">Haris, Abdul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="63A5D86A64C263334B9DA622BD0466C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0AF14C267A4ADE352DC41C801699857B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0899BF1DD2455F5A9AC0B995266C2954">Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FD1CD89A46FCAB7366EC2447CBE3D706">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBF1595620E343AE7C4A8186BC63D6D8">
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<mods:date id="98A5567FDACD3443F26CE679AE93CC0A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="020B9CEED5EED0720DF2C427488A2E5E">2021-07-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8BF6B7CB6B1BC88C0ADA70E6F2163D2C">4996</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F66A4A797A38CD127A5061E6EB311A40" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4996.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9AE48934EFF05DD64EE217C438325DF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="E9916549FF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FE68C534" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FDC9C510" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" box="[151,536,513,540]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="FA7C81AEFF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FDC9C510" bold="true" box="[151,536,513,540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FDC9C510" ID-CoL="5DDTW" authority="Schonberg, 2000" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,536,513,540]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FDC9C510" bold="true" box="[151,536,513,540]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF4BFDA8FE90C510" bold="true" box="[151,321,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFE95FDABFDC9C510" author="Schonberg, C. H. L." box="[329,536,513,539]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="161 - 221" refId="ref24716" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. (2000) Bioeroding sponges common to the Central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records, and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 30 (3 - 6), 161 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 03042965" type="journal article" year="2000">Schönberg, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF4BFD8FFE68C534" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" box="[151,441,549,576]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF4BFD8FFECAC534" bold="true" box="[151,283,549,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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None known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9916549FF99FF8BFF1BFDE3FE0CC100" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BFDE3FEDCC454" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BFDE3FE7EC568" bold="true" box="[199,431,585,611]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFE69FDE0FD84C568" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[437,597,586,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFE69FDE0FD84C568" box="[437,597,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="11E33C9FFF99FF8BFDBEFDE0FED8C454" collectingDate="1997-07-07" collectingDateMax="2014-08-31" collectingDateMin="1997-07-07" collectionCode="VUW, QM" collectorName="J. Marlow. & Wakatobi & Banda Sea & Marlow. K & C. Schonberg" county="central Great Barrier Reef" elevation="20" location="Kaledupa" municipality="Orpheus Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="G313370" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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KDS-BF-01, slide of discarded sponge kept at
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<collectionCode id="C79AAE07FF99FF8BFBBAFDE0FB78C56F" box="[1126,1193,586,612]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77tx-h0mp" name="Victoria University" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">VUW</collectionCode>
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, sponge from north of
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<location id="A4546019FF99FF8BFF4BFDC7FED4C58C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A:A4546019FF99FF8BFF4BFDC7FED4C58C" box="[151,261,621,647]" county="central Great Barrier Reef" municipality="Orpheus Island" name="Kaledupa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kaledupa</location>
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, Wakatobi, Banda Sea, sampled between
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<date id="D5351002FF99FF8BFD0BFDC7FC39C583" box="[727,1000,621,648]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">
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<collectingDate id="C571E9EAFF99FF8BFD0BFDC7FC39C583" box="[727,1000,621,648]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">March and August 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 3–
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<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFBD2FDC4FB9BC583" box="[1038,1098,622,648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">
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||
<elevation id="2AA6D1F1FF99FF8BFBD2FDC4FB9BC583" box="[1038,1098,622,648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFB52FDC4FAD7C58C" box="[1166,1286,621,648]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">J. Marlow.</collectorName>
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||
KDS-BF-02, slide of discarded sponge kept at
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<collectionCode id="C79AAE07FF99FF8BFDC8FD38FD86C5A7" box="[532,599,658,684]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77tx-h0mp" name="Victoria University" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">VUW</collectionCode>
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, sponge from north of
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<location id="A4546019FF99FF8BFC81FD3BFC1AC5A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A:A4546019FF99FF8BFC81FD3BFC1AC5A0" box="[861,971,657,683]" county="central Great Barrier Reef" municipality="Orpheus Island" name="Kaledupa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kaledupa</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFC04FD3BFB97C5A0" box="[984,1094,657,683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wakatobi</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFB8EFD3BFB1DC5A7" box="[1106,1228,657,684]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Banda Sea</collectorName>
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, sampled between
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<date id="D5351002FF99FF8BFF4BFD1FFE79C5DB" box="[151,424,693,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">
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<collectingDate id="C571E9EAFF99FF8BFF4BFD1FFE79C5DB" box="[151,424,693,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">March and August 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 3–
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<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFE12FD1CFDDBC5DB" box="[462,522,694,720]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">
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<elevation id="2AA6D1F1FF99FF8BFE12FD1CFDDBC5DB" box="[462,522,694,720]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFD92FD1CFD14C5C4" box="[590,709,693,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">J. Marlow.</collectorName>
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K1-BF-01, slide of discarded sponge kept at
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<collectionCode id="C79AAE07FF99FF8BFB1DFD1CFAD5C5DB" box="[1217,1284,694,720]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77tx-h0mp" name="Victoria University" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">VUW</collectionCode>
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, sponge from north of
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<location id="A4546019FF99FF8BFF24FD73FEB7C5F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:292287D4FF99FF85FF4BFDA8FD7FC48A:A4546019FF99FF8BFF24FD73FEB7C5F8" box="[248,358,729,755]" county="central Great Barrier Reef" municipality="Orpheus Island" name="Kaledupa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kaledupa</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFEADFD73FE0EC5F8" box="[369,479,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wakatobi</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFE36FD73FDB5C5FF" box="[490,612,729,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Banda Sea</collectorName>
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, sampled between
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<date id="D5351002FF99FF8BFCE4FD73FB9BC5FF" box="[824,1098,729,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">
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<collectingDate id="C571E9EAFF99FF8BFCE4FD73FB9BC5FF" box="[824,1098,729,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-08-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">March and August 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 3–
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<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFBADFD70FB7CC5FF" box="[1137,1197,730,756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">
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||
<elevation id="2AA6D1F1FF99FF8BFBADFD70FB7CC5FF" box="[1137,1197,730,756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
, coll.
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFB2DFD70FAB8C5F8" box="[1265,1385,729,756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">J. Marlow.</collectorName>
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||
<collectionCode id="C79AAE07FF99FF8BFAB3FD70FA4DC5FF" box="[1391,1436,730,756]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="F12D9EB9FF99FF8BFF4BFD54FED3C413" box="[151,258,766,792]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">G313370</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFECEFD54FE66C41C" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[274,439,766,791]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFECEFD54FE66C41C" box="[274,439,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFE1EFD57FD73C413" author="Schonberg, C. H. L." box="[450,674,765,792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="161 - 221" refId="ref24716" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. (2000) Bioeroding sponges common to the Central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records, and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 30 (3 - 6), 161 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 03042965" type="journal article" year="2000">Schönberg’s (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E308860FF99FF8BFD71FD57FCDEC41C" box="[685,783,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="4150ACB8FF99FF8BFC87FD57FBDDC41C" box="[859,1036,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Orpheus Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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<collectingCounty id="48554E4EFF99FF8BFBC0FD57FA9EC41C" box="[1052,1359,765,792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">central Great Barrier Reef</collectingCounty>
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, Coral Sea, sampled
|
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<date id="D5351002FF99FF8BFEEFFC88FE13C437" box="[307,450,801,828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1997-07-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C571E9EAFF99FF8BFEEFFC88FE13C437" box="[307,450,801,828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1997-07-07">7. July 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFE11FC8BFDC1C437" box="[461,528,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="0.5">
|
||
<elevation id="2AA6D1F1FF99FF8BFE11FC8BFDC1C437" box="[461,528,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
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<collectorName id="0C7E5314FF99FF8BFD89FC88FD20C430" box="[597,753,801,828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. Schönberg</collectorName>
|
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, examined by use of duplicate spicule slide in CS’s personal collection
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BFCC0FB3BC4FB" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
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<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BFCC0FE20C488" bold="true" box="[199,497,873,900]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Morphology and erosion.</emphasis>
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Separate fistules in alpha-morphology. Very dark green, appearing black underwater, choanosomal tissue dark green/grey. Colour of ethanol-preserved specimens dark brown. Fistules
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFB0FFC24FAC2C4A3" box="[1235,1299,910,936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, rising
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFF01FC18FEEBC4C7" box="[221,314,946,972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
above substrate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39B02A47FF99FF8BFD8FFC1BFD7DC4C7" box="[595,684,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Zyzzya criceta. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Erosion as numerous small and irregularly sized chambers (crosssectional area
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFEEBFC7CFE5CC4FB" box="[311,397,982,1008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="56FE9B8AFF99FF8BFE51FC7FFE44C4E8" attach="left" box="[397,405,981,995]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2</superScript>
|
||
± 2.3 SD), interconnected, often occupying entire piece of rubble (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39B02A47FF99FF8BFB59FC7FFB0CC4FB" box="[1157,1245,981,1008]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Zyzzya criceta. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BFC53FB3EC374" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BFC53FC43C318" bold="true" box="[199,914,1017,1044]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Skeletal characteristics and presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFD1DFC53FC5CC318" box="[705,909,1017,1043]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Symbiodiniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Suessiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Pyrrophycophyta" rank="family">Symbiodiniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fistular tylotes arranged parallel to surface in ectosome, and irregularly distributed in choanosome. Fistular acanthostrongyles rare, irregularly dispersed. Acanthostrongyles far more abundant in erosion chambers and choanosome, outnumbering tylotes, again irregularly dispersed. No evidence for photosymbionts, neither by surface fluorescence, nor through histology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BFB23FCF6C2C8" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BFB23FEE1C3A8" bold="true" box="[199,304,1161,1187]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres—Abundant acanthostrongyles and terminally microspined tylotes of the same length. Acanthostrongyles softly curved, with regularly spaced, but irregularly distributed spines (not in rings), spine tips oriented towards middle of shaft. Variable spine distribution, either covering entire spicule or more concentrated in apical thirds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39B02A47FF99FF8BFE8FFB5FFE7FC21B" box="[339,430,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Zyzzya criceta. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Acanthostrongyle dimensions (min – mean – max and standard deviation): length 181 – 223.5 –
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFEDBFAB3FE8FC23F" box="[263,350,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
|
||
± 12.3 SD; and shaft width 8 – 13.1 –
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFCCDFAB0FC8BC23F" box="[785,858,1306,1332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
|
||
± 2.0 SD (means across three Wakatobi specimens, with N = 25 spicules each). Tylotes slender, with microspined tyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39B02A47FF99FF8BFC48FA97FC3FC253" box="[916,1006,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Zyzzya criceta. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tylote shafts predominantly straight, but occasionally slightly bent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39B02A47FF99FF8BFE2CFACBFD96C277" box="[496,583,1377,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[224,1363,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Zyzzya criceta. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tylote dimensions (min – mean – max and standard deviation): length 171 – 220.2 –
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFED6FA2CFEB3C2AB" box="[266,354,1414,1440]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="274.0">274 µm</quantity>
|
||
± 23.5 SD; shaft width 4 – 5 –
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFD16FA2CFCD7C2AB" box="[714,774,1414,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
|
||
± 0.7 SD; and tyle width 4 – 5.5 –
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFB46FA2CFB07C2AB" box="[1178,1238,1414,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 µm</quantity>
|
||
± 1.0 SD (means across three Wakatobi specimens). No microscleres found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BFA67FE0CC100" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BFA67FD54C2EC" bold="true" box="[199,645,1485,1512]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Habitat and occurrence in Wakatobi.</emphasis>
|
||
Very rare; only found in coral rubble at shallow depth (
|
||
<quantity id="66739B27FF99FF8BFB21FA67FA97C2E3" box="[1277,1350,1485,1512]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 m</quantity>
|
||
) at two low turbidity/high flow sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9916549FF99FF85FF1BF9BCFD7FC48A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF99FF8BFF1BF9BCFEEEC1CB" blockId="23.[151,1437,513,1728]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF1BF9BCFEEAC13B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1558,1584]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The World Porifera Database presently accepts five valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFB9EF9BCFA49C13B" authority="(van Soest et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1090,1432,1557,1584]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFB9EF9BCFB5FC124" box="[1090,1166,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFB42F9BCFA41C13B" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Rutzler, K. & de Voogd, N. J. & Alvarez, B. & Hajdu, E. & Pisera, A. B. & Manconi, R. & Schonberg, C. H. L. & Klautau, M. & Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. & Dohrmann, M. & Diaz, M. C. & Cardenas, P. & Carballo, J. L. & Rios, P. & Downey, R. & Morrow, C. C." box="[1182,1424,1557,1584]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref26548" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C. H. L., Klautau, M., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P., Downey, R. & Morrow, C. C. (2021) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 01 December 2019)" type="url" year="2021">
|
||
van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFACFF9BCFA9DC124" box="[1299,1356,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFF4BF990FDFFC15F" authority="(Lundbeck, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,558,1593,1620]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF4BF990FE80C158" box="[151,337,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFEB9F993FDF7C15F" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[357,550,1593,1620]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref22363" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1910) Porifera. (Part III.) Desmacidonidae (pars). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (3), Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1910">Lundbeck, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFDE2F990FC67C15F" authority="Schonberg, 2000" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[574,950,1593,1620]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFDE2F990FD34C158" box="[574,741,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFD2CF993FC67C15F" author="Schonberg, C. H. L." box="[752,950,1593,1620]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="161 - 221" refId="ref24716" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. (2000) Bioeroding sponges common to the Central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records, and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 30 (3 - 6), 161 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 03042965" type="journal article" year="2000">Schönberg, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFC1AF990FAEEC15F" authority="(Carter, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[966,1343,1593,1620]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFC1AF990FB5FC158" box="[966,1166,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFB7EF990FAE9C15F" author="Carter, H. J." box="[1186,1336,1594,1620]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="284 - 304" refId="ref19081" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879) Contribution to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 3, 284 - 304 + 343 - 360, pls. 25 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908562401" type="journal article" year="1879">Carter, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFA8CF990FE24C17C" authority="van Soest et al., 1994 b" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1994" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="invemar">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFA8CF990FF22C17C" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya invemar</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFF25F9F4FE24C17C" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[249,501,1629,1656]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref26482" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1994 b) Sponges of the Seychelles. In: Van der Land, J. (Ed.), Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RV Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. Leiden Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 65 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1994">
|
||
van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFEB5F9F4FE71C17C" box="[361,416,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFDF1F9F4FC4FC173" authority="(Thomas, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[557,926,1629,1656]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFDF1F9F4FD32C17C" box="[557,739,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya papillata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF99FF8BFD2DF9F7FC44C173" author="Thomas, P. A." box="[753,917,1629,1656]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="250 - 254" refId="ref25776" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1968) Studies on Indian sponges - II. Two new species of silicious sponges belonging to the genera Aka de Laubenfels and Damirina Burton. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 10 (2), 250 - 254." type="journal article" year="1968">Thomas, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparing these to our samples, four species were readily discounted based on their morphology and occurrence, and the Wakatobi material was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF99FF8BFF4BF90CFEE9C1B4" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,312,1702,1727]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF99FF8BFF4BF90CFEE9C1B4" box="[151,312,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5F4664AFF96FF84FF4BF8BCFCCCC059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5073369/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[151,250,1814,1838]" targetBox="[224,1363,181,1788]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF96FF84FF4BF8BCFCCCC059" blockId="24.[151,1436,1814,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF96FF84FF4BF8BCFEC2C025" bold="true" box="[151,275,1814,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF96FF84FEC6F8BDFE7AC025" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[282,427,1815,1838]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF96FF84FEC6F8BDFE7AC025" box="[282,427,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Field image of fistules protruding from coral rubble; (B) field image of erosion chambers; (C) acanthostrongyles; (D) tyles of microspined tylotes; (E) tylotes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF97FF85FF1BFF3DFD82C58E" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Lundbeck’s North Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FE2DFF3DFD72C7BB" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[497,675,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FE2DFF3DFD72C7BB" box="[497,675,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an endopsammic species.Unlike the Wakatobi material, alcohol-preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FDD6FF11FD13C7DF" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[522,706,187,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FDD6FF11FD13C7DF" box="[522,706,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are pale-violet, have branching fistules, and the acanthotylotes are longer than the tylotes, strongly size variable and considerably longer than in the Wakatobi samples.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FA8CFF75FF2DC616" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FA8CFF75FF2DC616" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya papillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endolithic-fistulate, but yellow, while the Wakatobi specimens were blackish green. In
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FB02FEA9FA4DC616" box="[1246,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FB02FEA9FA49C616" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1246,1432,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata">Zyzzya papillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the acanthostrongyles are only about half as long as the microspined tylotes, while they are of similar length in the Wakatobi samples.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FE7DFEE1FD83C66F" box="[417,594,331,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="invemar">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FE7DFEE1FD83C66F" box="[417,594,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya invemar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to the Wakatobi material in fistule size, however, unlike in the Wakatobi samples the acanthostrongyles have regular rings of spination, and the acanthostrongyles and tylotes are again of a different size. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FDBDFE39FCC3C6A7" box="[609,786,403,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="invemar">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FDBDFE39FCC3C6A7" box="[609,786,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya invemar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has microscleres, none of which have been found in the Wakatobi samples.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FEACFE1DFDE2C6DA" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[368,563,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FEACFE1DFDE2C6DA" box="[368,563,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often described as being black and could therefore be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FA8CFE1DFF34C6FF" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FA8CFE1DFF34C6FF" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FE61FE71FDB3C6FF" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[445,610,475,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FE61FE71FDB3C6FF" box="[445,610,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but like most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FC86FE71FBD5C6FE" box="[858,1028,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FC86FE71FC77C6FF" box="[858,934,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has microspined tylotes that are longer than the acanthostrongyles. Spicule dimensions provided for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FC41FE55FBB3C512" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[925,1122,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FC41FE55FBB3C512" box="[925,1122,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules vary widely in the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FED2FD89FE4AC536" author="Carter, H. J." box="[270,411,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="284 - 304" refId="ref19081" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879) Contribution to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 3, 284 - 304 + 343 - 360, pls. 25 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908562401" type="journal article" year="1879">Carter 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FE76FD89FDEBC536" author="Dendy, A." box="[426,570,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref20182" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. Sealark in the Indian Ocean. No. I. - The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. VII. No. I. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology, 18, 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FD94FD89FCAEC536" author="Hooper, J. N. A. & Krasochin, V. B." box="[584,895,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref21358" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. & Krasochin, V. B. (1989) Redescription of the burrowing sponge Zyzzya massalis (Dendy) from the Seychelles and Houtman-Abrolhos Islands. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, 6 (1), 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1989">Hooper & Krasochin 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FC51FD89FB47C536" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[909,1174,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref26482" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1994 b) Sponges of the Seychelles. In: Van der Land, J. (Ed.), Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RV Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. Leiden Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 65 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1994">
|
||
van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FBDBFD89FB92C536" box="[1031,1091,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FB5BFD89FB47C536" author="Calcinai, B. & Cerrano, C. & Sara, M. & Bavestrello, G." box="[1159,1174,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref18566" refString="Calcinai, B., Cerrano, C., Sara, M. & Bavestrello, G. (2000) Boring sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Indian Ocean. Italian Journal of Zoology, 67 (2), 203 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000009356314" type="journal article" year="2000">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schönberg 2000), but the size difference between the two spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E308860FF97FF85FD56FDEDFD14C56A" box="[650,709,583,609]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">types</typeStatus>
|
||
has been uniformly reported and precludes the identification of Wakatobi sponges as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FE54FDC1FD9DC58E" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[392,588,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FE54FDC1FD9DC58E" box="[392,588,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A13436C2FF97FF85FF1BFD25FD7FC48A" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FF1BFD25FEB9C5A3" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[199,360,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FF1BFD25FEB9C5A3" box="[199,360,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Pacific sponge, with characteristic dark green (almost black) fistules, which can be bulbous or elongate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C51A4B33FF97FF85FEFCFD19FE0DC5C6" author="Schonberg, C. H. L." box="[288,476,691,717]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="161 - 221" refId="ref24716" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. (2000) Bioeroding sponges common to the Central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records, and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 30 (3 - 6), 161 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 03042965" type="journal article" year="2000">Schönberg 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FD96FD19FD3BC5C7" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[586,746,691,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FD96FD19FD3BC5C7" box="[586,746,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FCBBFD19FBDBC5C6" box="[871,1034,691,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FCBBFD19FC62C5C7" box="[871,947,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described as having two megasclere
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E308860FF97FF85FF4BFD7DFF03C5FA" box="[151,210,727,753]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of similar length. This is congruent with the present samples. Unlike the Great Barrier Reef specimens, the Wakatobi sponges were not observed in beta growth, but this can be explained by the small size of the specimens that were found in coral rubble, i.e. in a detached material of limited size. Overall, the match with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="668B4D41FF97FF85FB26FCB5FA4DC433" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[1274,1436,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="criceta">
|
||
<emphasis id="93FFEAD0FF97FF85FB26FCB5FA4DC433" box="[1274,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zyzzya criceta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be very good. The present findings represent a new record and extend the distribution from the central Great Barrier Reef to the Banda Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D99C7652FF97FF85FDE6FCCDFD7AC48A" box="[570,683,871,897]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |