251 lines
28 KiB
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251 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" ID-PMC="PMC5234548" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-74-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" ID-PubMed="28127236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165484" ModsDocID="1314-2003-74-35" checkinTime="1478665680339" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira, Faden, Robert B. & Almeida, Rafael Felipe de" docDate="2016" docId="292258406E7053F2BFFD9FCA1C1D21D3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 74: 35-78" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 74" docPubDate="2016-11-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" docTitle="Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brückn., Nat. Pfl. - Syst. (ed. 2) 15 a: 173. 1930." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668141867892" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faden, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael Felipe de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Avenida Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-11-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-74-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">165484</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="26" pageNumber="61" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:292258406E7053F2BFFD9FCA1C1D21D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/292258406E7053F2BFFD9FCA1C1D21D3" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="61">
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8.
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<taxonomicName LSID="29225840-6E70-53F2-BFFD-9FCA1C1D21D3" authority="(Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn., Nat. Pfl. - Syst. (ed. 2) 15 a: 173. 1930." authorityName="(Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brückn., Nat. Pfl. - Syst. (ed. 2) 15 a: 173. 1930." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">
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Murdannia aff. triquetra (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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., Nat. Pfl.-Syst. (ed. 2) 15a: 173. 1930.
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Murdannia aff. triquetrum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn., from Esteros de Arauca, Colombia. A Detail of a stem, showing an apical fruit B detail of an internode, showing a side view of a male flower. Photographs by M. Fernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109957" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Phaeneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaeneilema triquetrum" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetrum">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="62" start="start">Phaeneilema</pageBreakToken>
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triquetrum
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</taxonomicName>
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(Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
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., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 56. 1927.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">Aneilema triquetra</taxonomicName>
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Wall. ex C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 3: 208. 1881. Lectotype (designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="42 - 49" refId="B3" refString="Ancy, AA, Veena, V, Nampy, S, 2015. lectotypification of ten species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae). International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 5 (4): 42 - 49" title="lectotypification of ten species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)." volume="5" year="2015">Ancy et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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): BANGLADESH. India Orientalis, in Prov. Sylhet, fl., fr., s.dat., N. Wallich 5220 (B barcode B100367814!: isolectotypes: E barcode E00393352!, GDC barcode GDC00489348!; K n.v.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Herbs</emphasis>
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ca. 10.0-20.0 cm tall, annual, without a definite base, rooted emergent in flooded fields.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Roots</emphasis>
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thin, fibrous, medium to dark brown, densely to sparsely pilose with medium to dark brown hairs, emerging from the basalmost nodes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Stems</emphasis>
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trailing, floating on water with ascending apex, succulent, densely branched at the base, glabrous or with minute eglandular hairs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Leaves</emphasis>
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spirally-alternate, evenly distributed along the stems; sheaths 0.7-1.0 cm long, glabrous; lamina 2.0-4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6 cm, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, glabrous membranous, slightly canaliculate, green on both sides, base rounded to amplexicaul, margins glabrous, sometimes undulate, apex acute to acuminate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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1-3, terminal or axillary in the distalmost (up to 4) nodes, fascicle-like, sessile, enclosed by the leaf-sheaths, composed of 1-2-(3) verticillate cincinni; peduncle absent; basal bract inconspicuous; cincinni bracts absent; cincinni 1-flowered, erect, straight, peduncle ca. 3.0 mm long, glabrous, internodes inconspicuous; bracteoles absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Flowers</emphasis>
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male or bisexual, actinomorphic, barely exserted from the sheath; floral buds ellipsoid, light green; pedicels ca. 3 mm long, erect and elongate in fruit; sepals 4.0-5.5 mm long, linear-elliptic, cucullate, light green to pale pink, glabrous; petals equal, elliptic, slightly cucullate, white to pale lilac or pale pink, glabrous; androecium not determinable; ovary ellipsoid, tapering into the style, 3-locular, light green, smooth, glabrous, style straight, 1.7 mm long, glabrous, stigma capitate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Capsules</emphasis>
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4.5-5.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.0-2.5 mm, ob
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="63" start="start">longoid</pageBreakToken>
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to ellipsoid, 3-locular, 3-valved, apiculate due to persistent style, light brown when mature, smooth, glabrous, locules 3-seeded (only 1 counted).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Seeds</emphasis>
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(only 1 mature seed seen) transversely ellipsoid, ca. 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9 mm, testa brown, with deep dorsal pits and longitudinal furrows, farinose only around the embryotega, appendage absent; embryotega lateral, inconspicuous, without a prominent apicule; hilum linear, less than
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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the length of the seed, borne on a ridge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="63" type="specimen seen">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Specimen seen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">
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VENEZUELA. Tachira. Distr. Liberatador: 10 km S of El
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piñal">Pinal</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.916664">71°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="7.45">7°27'N</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. 250 m, 7 Nov. 1982, G. Davidse & A. C.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
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21663 (US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">
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Known for certain only from this collection. The general habitat was recorded as "partially inundated forest remnant with slow stream and pools of standing water" and for this collection as "stems floating in pool of creek." A photograph of a plant from Colombia, which may or may not be the same species, was sent to the first author, but without a corroborating specimen, so it has not been considered for this description. However, we have illustrated it in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Murdannia aff. triquetrum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) G. Brueckn., from Esteros de Arauca, Colombia. A Detail of a stem, showing an apical fruit B detail of an internode, showing a side view of a male flower. Photographs by M. Fernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109957" pageId="28" pageNumber="63">9</figureCitation>
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to encourage collectors to look for it.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hand - Mazz" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia keisak" order="Commelinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keisak">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Murdannia keisak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex is widespread in Asia, ranging from India to China and Japan, growing in flooded grasslands and disturbed areas. In South America, it is known from only two collections, one from Venezuela and one from Colombia. Unfortunately, it seems that the specimen from Colombia went astray during shipping, since it was never received by the first author.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="63" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">It was found in bloom and fruit in November.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="28" pageNumber="63" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="63">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="28" pageNumber="63">
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Following the IUCN recommendations (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." pageId="34" pageNumber="69" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B31" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K., http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [accessed: 2 June 2016]" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), this species should be considered Data Deficient. Correspondence by the second author
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="64" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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the collector Gerrit Davidse, indicated that this was not a disturbed habitat in which one would expect to find introduced weeds. However, the habitat was under great pressure and possibly no longer exists.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="29" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclatural notes">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="64">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="29" pageNumber="64">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nandikar, MD" journalOrPublisher="Phytodiversity" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="56 - 112" refId="B35" refString="Nandikar, MD, Gurav, RV, 2015. Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India. Phytodiversity 2 (1): 56 - 112" title="Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India." volume="2" year="2015">Nandikar and Gurav (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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designated the specimen at CAL (CAL0000025807) as the lectotype for
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema triquetrum" order="Commelinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetrum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="64">Aneilema triquetrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, after analyzing the specimen, comparing it to the protologue and to the remaining specimens, it became clear that the specimen at CAL is not conspecific to the specimens at B, E and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="65" start="start">GDC</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" pagination="42 - 49" refId="B3" refString="Ancy, AA, Veena, V, Nampy, S, 2015. lectotypification of ten species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae). International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 5 (4): 42 - 49" title="lectotypification of ten species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)." volume="5" year="2015">Ancy et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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, unaware of the article published just few months earlier by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nandikar, MD" journalOrPublisher="Phytodiversity" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="56 - 112" refId="B35" refString="Nandikar, MD, Gurav, RV, 2015. Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India. Phytodiversity 2 (1): 56 - 112" title="Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India." volume="2" year="2015">Nandikar and Gurav (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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, designate the specimen at B (B100367814) as the lectotype for
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema triquetrum" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetrum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Aneilema triquetrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Their choice matches perfectly the protologue, and thus should be followed instead of the lectotypification made by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nandikar, MD" journalOrPublisher="Phytodiversity" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="56 - 112" refId="B35" refString="Nandikar, MD, Gurav, RV, 2015. Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India. Phytodiversity 2 (1): 56 - 112" title="Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India." volume="2" year="2015">Nandikar and Gurav (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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. Nonetheless, if ever found, the specimen at K would make a much better choice of a lectotype. At the time of the description of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema triquetrum" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetrum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Aneilema triquetrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the completion of his monograph (i.e.
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<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, CB" journalOrPublisher="Monographiae Phanerogamarum" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="113 - 324" refId="B17" refString="Clarke, CB, 1881. . Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 113 - 324" volume="3" year="1881">1881</bibRefCitation>
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), Clarke was working at K, and would had access to a possible specimen in the Wallich Herbarium, housed at Kew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="65">
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This is a widely distributed species complex, being very common and well collected in Asia. Nevertheless, the morphologic limits between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hand - Mazz" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia keisak" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keisak">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia keisak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia triquetra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as the application of these names, varies greatly according to each author. In Flora of China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hong, D" editor="Wu, CY" journalOrPublisher="24. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & Saint Louis" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="19 - 39" refId="B29" refString="Hong, D, DeFilipps, RA, 2000. Commelinaceae. In: Wu, CY, Raven, PH, Hong, DY, Eds., Flora of China: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, vol. 24. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & Saint Louis: 19 - 39" title="Commelinaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of China: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, vol." year="2000">Hong and DeFilipps 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), both species are accepted, although somewhat tentatively, and are separated by the length of the sepals, shape and size of the capsule, and number and shape of the seeds. The authors also state that the morphologic differences seem to be associated with the geographic distribution of the taxa. Nevertheless, both descriptions overlap with the description presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Flora of North America North of Mexico: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="170 - 197" refId="B23" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2000. . Flora of North America North of Mexico: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae 22: 170 - 197" volume="22" year="2000">Faden (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hand - Mazz" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia keisak" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keisak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia keisak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in North America.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Calicut University, India" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" refId="B1" refString="Ancy, AA, 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India. Calicut University, India" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India" year="2014">Ancy (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in her unpublished Ph.D. thesis, presents a thorough taxonomic account on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from India. Her description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia triquetra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
matches very closely the two specimens known for South America, in sepal, petal and fruit morphology. Nonetheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Calicut University, India" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" refId="B1" refString="Ancy, AA, 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India. Calicut University, India" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India" year="2014">Ancy (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describes the filaments as being glabrous, contrary to the bearded filaments known for the South American specimens. The author also omits the description of the antherodes, which in the South American specimens are yellow and cordate. Nevertheless, some young flower buds dissected by the second author lacked hairs on the filaments of the stamens and completely lacked staminodes, but that might have been a developmental stage and thus may not be a discrepancy. This could be related to the extremely immature state of the dissected buds, and could explain the discrepancy of our description and the description presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ancy, AA" journalOrPublisher="Calicut University, India" pageId="32" pageNumber="67" refId="B1" refString="Ancy, AA, 2014. Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India. Calicut University, India" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) in India" year="2014">Ancy (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nandikar, MD" journalOrPublisher="Phytodiversity" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="56 - 112" refId="B35" refString="Nandikar, MD, Gurav, RV, 2015. Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India. Phytodiversity 2 (1): 56 - 112" title="Revision of the genus Murdannia (Commelinaceae) in India." volume="2" year="2015">Nandikar and Gurav (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a second account on the Indian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their treatment,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia triquetra" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triquetra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia triquetra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs greatly from the South American specimens. However, it matches very closely the description presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hong, D" editor="Wu, CY" journalOrPublisher="24. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & Saint Louis" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" pagination="19 - 39" refId="B29" refString="Hong, D, DeFilipps, RA, 2000. Commelinaceae. In: Wu, CY, Raven, PH, Hong, DY, Eds., Flora of China: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, vol. 24. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & Saint Louis: 19 - 39" title="Commelinaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of China: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, vol." year="2000">Hong and DeFilipps (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Flora of North America North of Mexico: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="170 - 197" refId="B23" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2000. . Flora of North America North of Mexico: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae 22: 170 - 197" volume="22" year="2000">Faden (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chowdhury, A" journalOrPublisher="Pleione" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="531 - 534" refId="B16" refString="Chowdhury, A, Chowdhury, M, Das, AP, 2015. Murdannia keisak (Hasskarl) Handel-Mazzetti (Commelinaceae): a new record for India. Pleione 9 (2): 531 - 534" title="Murdannia keisak (Hasskarl) Handel-Mazzetti (Commelinaceae): a new record for India." volume="9" year="2015">Chowdhury et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hand - Mazz" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Hassk." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia keisak" order="Commelinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keisak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="65">Murdannia keisak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In these descriptions, the antherodes are described as sagittate and ranging from lilac to purple, and clearly do not match the South American specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="65">It is the authors opinion that a study focusing on the specific boundaries between these taxa is necessary. Nevertheless, since this species complex is only invasive in the New World, we also believe that the required investigation should be carried out in the plants native range. It is also possible that these Neotropical collections represent a distinct taxon, not closely related to the other native South American species. But a much better South American sampling for comparison and a much more detailed would be required. Field work, better sampling of herbaria specimens, detailed study of reproductive morphology, analysis of the protologues, and population studies might shed a light on the issue.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |