567 lines
96 KiB
XML
567 lines
96 KiB
XML
<document id="C2A43E088C5A470C04CB732E88641F2A" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-20-9-2016" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965424" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712926287991" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dworczak, Patrycja G. & Szrek, Piotr" docDate="2016" docId="290487AAFFB9FFDBCD41069188F08551" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.20.1.9-19.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-9-2016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.1:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Aspidichthys ingens von Koenen 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="D53DFFD2FFBAFFD3CD3D067E8C1B8052" masterDocTitle="The Late Devonian placoderm Aspidichthys Newberry, 1873 from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1713873054888" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2B360C7A112B4E762CA3E14237E6BAE6">The Late Devonian placoderm Aspidichthys Newberry, 1873 from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E27F6D0D3B2A14FE300C02D0C7941ECF">Dworczak, Patrycja G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8D001EE6092F2B4157E805D4E3D6357B">Szrek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7EB8B91618627077E711B366A043D737">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3A1A13D0927FF1DF24D2F1DE937E75CA">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CB43CB32D4350662679CB9ECFF0A8568">
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<mods:date id="2AEE47D998B4375E052BF27D93CAB577">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C9339E1DF3E434AD00193EB9D0D81E02">2016-11-21</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8CC58CEBED87D3EACDB8F9918EDD2008" type="DOI">10.5194/fr-20-9-2016</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="290487AAFFB9FFDBCD41069188F08551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:290487AAFFB9FFDBCD41069188F08551" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/290487AAFFB9FFDBCD41069188F08551" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="E9B76537FFB9FFD0CD4106918E3D8155" box="[124,550,239,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4106918E3D8155" blockId="3.[124,550,239,295]" box="[124,550,239,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="FA5A81D0FFB9FFD0CD4106918E3D8155" box="[124,550,239,263]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD4106918E3D8155" authority="von Koenen, 1883" authorityName="von Koenen" authorityYear="1883" box="[124,550,239,263]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD4106918E3D8155" bold="true" box="[124,550,239,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD4106918D4C8155" bold="true" box="[124,343,239,263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys ingens</emphasis>
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von
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<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB9FFD0CCB006918E3D8155" author="Koenen, A. V." box="[397,550,239,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref5863" refString="Koenen, A. V.: Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Placodermen des norddeutschen Oberdevon's, Abhandlungen Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Gottingen, 30, 1 - 40, 1883." type="journal article" year="1883">Koenen, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9B76537FFB9FFDBCD41076E88F08551" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD41076E8CEA8175" blockId="3.[124,550,239,295]" box="[124,241,272,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CDB9076E8CF28175" box="[132,233,272,295]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionStartId-2="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionStartId-3="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetBox-2="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetBox-3="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetId-3="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." captionText-2="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." captionText-3="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD41072E8D2C81D5" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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1933
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CDFD07318DA48135" authority="Dworczak & Szrek, 2016" authorityName="Dworczak & Szrek" authorityYear="2016" box="[192,447,335,359]" family="Coccosteidae" genus="Anomalichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CDFD07318DA48135" box="[192,447,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Anomalichthys magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="88EA57D5FFB9FFD0CCF2072E8E098135" box="[463,530,336,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, W. Gross, pp. 42– 44, Tab. 6,
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CDCF070E8D2881D5" box="[242,307,368,391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4107EE8CDB8194" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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1933
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8707F18D8681F5" authorityName="von Koenen" authorityYear="1883" box="[186,413,399,423]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8707F18D8681F5" box="[186,413,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys? ingens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. – W. Gross, pp. 48–49, Tab. 6,
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CD4107D18CA68194" box="[124,189,431,454]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4107B18EFB81B4" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" box="[124,736,463,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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1937
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8507B18D9081B5" authorityName="von Koenen" authorityYear="1883" box="[184,395,463,487]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8507B18D9081B5" box="[184,395,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys ingens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. – W. Gross, p. 40, Pl. 5,
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CFA107B18EC781B4" box="[668,732,463,486]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4107918DCB8274" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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1956
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CDFD07918DAB8255" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[192,432,495,519]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavatus">
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CDFD07918DAB8255" box="[192,432,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys clavatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. – G. W. Sinclair & D.
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<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0CFDB07918EE08254" box="[742,763,495,518]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">R</collectionCode>
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. Walker, pp. 135–137,
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CC5B04718DD78274" box="[358,460,527,550]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-2="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-2="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4104518CFE8234" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
1957
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<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8104508DB18214" box="[188,426,558,582]" family="Coccosteidae" genus="Anomalichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8104508DB18214" box="[188,426,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Anomalichthys ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. – J. Kulczycki, pp. 333–335,
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<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CD4104318CFA8234" box="[124,225,591,614]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-2="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-2="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4104118D2C82F4" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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||
1973
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||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8004108E5C82D4" authority="Koenen, H." authorityName="Koenen, H." box="[189,583,622,646]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8004108D5F82D4" box="[189,324,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CC4504108DA682D4" box="[376,445,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">ingens</emphasis>
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||
Koenen, H.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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-P. Schultze, pp. 69–75, Pl. 2A–D.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4104D08CAE82B7" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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1976
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8604D08D518294" box="[187,330,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8604D08D5D8294" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[187,326,686,710]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspidichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– J. P. Lehman, pp. 21–22, Pl. 9, Figs. C–D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4104908EC88357" blockId="3.[124,767,335,774]" box="[124,723,750,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
1978
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8504908D908354" box="[184,395,750,774]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8504908D908354" box="[184,395,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Aspidichthys ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. –
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0CC9104908DDA8357" box="[428,449,750,773]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Denison, p. 103, Fig. 84.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4105508EE18396" blockId="3.[124,767,814,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11C53CE1FFB9FFD0CD4105508EED8396" collectingDate="1809-02-17" collectionCode="UW" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Material: Four fragments of median dorsal plates: Muz. PGI-NRI 5.II.89 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB9FFD0CC7705308E1D8337" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[330,518,846,869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CF2705308E798337" box="[538,610,846,869]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0CFEF05308EE58337" box="[722,766,846,869]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CC3C05108D7C83D7" box="[257,359,878,901]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
), Muz. PIG
|
||
<date id="D513107CFFB9FFD0CCD505108E4C83D7" box="[488,599,878,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C557E994FFB9FFD0CCD505108E4C83D7" box="[488,599,878,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">1809.II.17</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CF5805108EBE83D7" box="[613,677,878,901]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), and an incomplete median dorsal plate WNaZ/S/4/142 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CFBF05F08ED883F7" box="[642,707,910,933]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC2F0307FFB9FFD0CD4105D38CD18396" box="[124,202,941,964]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[124,180,177,199]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. List of the studied specimens and their measurements." pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for detailed measurements and
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC2F0307FFB9FFD0CF2005D38E708396" box="[541,619,941,964]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[124,180,770,792]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[135,757,910,1335]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2. Distribution of the stratigraphical occurrence of described specimens and diagrams showing Palmatolepis and Icriodus conodonts percentage share. Abbreviations: E – early; M – middle; L – late; Pa – Palmatolepis; Icr – Icriodus." pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for horizons
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4105938EE484F6" blockId="3.[124,767,1005,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Locality and age: Muz. PGI-NRI 5.II.89: middle Frasnian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CD8202738DA98477" authorityName="Gray, 1839: 335 (Non Lacerta Punctata Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[191,434,1037,1061]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CD8202738DA98477" box="[191,434,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Palmatolepis punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone) of Wietrznia Quarry in Kielce; WNaZ/S/4/142: upper Frasnian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CF8F02538D338436" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhenana">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CF8F02538D338436" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Palmatolepis rhenana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone) of Kowala Quarry; Muz. PIG
|
||
<date id="D513107CFFB9FFD0CD9102138D0684D6" box="[172,285,1133,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">1809.II.17</date>
|
||
, MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0CC4C02138D8684D6" box="[369,413,1133,1156]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045: upper Frasnian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB9FFD0CFEE02128D7084F6" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linguiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CFEE02128D7084F6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Palmatolepis linguiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone) of Płucki near Łagów.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CD4102B28DF68650" blockId="3.[124,767,1228,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Description: Specimen Muz. PGI-NRI 5.II.89 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB9FFD0CF9502B28CF88551" author="Kulczycki, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 9,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CC0D02928D6B8551" box="[304,368,1260,1283]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows the anterior part of a median dorsal plate with clearly visible ornamentation. The median dorsal is broken and lacks its natural boundaries; the carinal process on the visceral side typical of brachythoracids is not visible. The ornamentation consists of smooth and rounded tubercles that are irregularly arranged. The diameter of tubercles varies between 2 and
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CCEF03D28E0B8591" box="[466,528,1452,1475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the height varies between 1.8 and
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CC0803B58D6F85B0" box="[309,372,1483,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The number of tubercles on
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CF8903B58EE885B0" box="[692,755,1483,1506]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0CFCE03B88EE6858A" attach="left" box="[755,765,1478,1496]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">2</superScript>
|
||
of the shield is approximately 101.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CDAA00758E5886F0" blockId="3.[124,767,1228,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
This specimen described above was taken into consideration by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB9FFD0CDF300558D928610" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[206,393,1579,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but not illustrated. Nevertheless, it served as the source of material from which conodonts were prepared. Specimens described below were collected very recently and have not been published before.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CDAA00D5885882F4" blockId="3.[124,767,1228,1921]" lastBlockId="3.[819,1463,171,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The specimen MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0CCB800D58DAA8690" box="[389,433,1707,1730]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CF7900D58EB08690" box="[580,683,1707,1730]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows partially preserved median dorsal plate and left posterior dorsolateral plate. The plate is strongly arched, enclosing at an angle of ca. 120
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CC1101758D2D8745" bold="true" box="[300,310,1803,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0CC1101758D2D8745" attach="left" box="[300,310,1803,1815]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">◦</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the anterior half and rounded and flattened out in the posterior half. The external side of the plate is covered with large and rounded tubercles irregularly arranged. Tubercles are
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CC5001148DB387D3" box="[365,424,1898,1921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at their largest and 1.4 mm in height. The number of tubercles on
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0C80506CE896C8095" box="[1336,1399,176,199]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0C84506D5899980EF" attach="left" box="[1400,1410,171,189]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">2</superScript>
|
||
was not counted because a large part of them are eroded. The left posterior dorsolateral plate is preserved in the same block of rock and could belong to the same individual. This plate has the natural boundary along the lower, left, and upper margin, the last of which being an overlapping surface for the median dorsal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CECB070E882281D5" box="[1014,1081,368,391]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral line is well preserved, especially on left half of the plate, and is visible from the left anterior corner, close to the upper margin and border with median dorsal plate for about one-third of its length, and then turns and extends onto the right margin in approximately the middle of the plate. The posterior part of this plate is still covered by the matrix, and the most posterior margin lies under the anterior part of the median dorsal plate. The course of the lateral line is additionally marked with a longitudinal arrangement of tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CE7304D0899184B1" blockId="3.[819,1463,171,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Specimen no. Muz. PGI-NRI
|
||
<date id="D513107CFFB9FFD0C9B204D088E68297" box="[1167,1277,686,709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">1809.II.17</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C83004D089558297" box="[1293,1358,686,709]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is represented by a median dorsal plate. The plate is very fissured and curved. The angle between the left and right sides is 120
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CE6605708F7E8348" bold="true" box="[859,869,782,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0CE6605708F7E8348" attach="left" box="[859,869,782,794]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">◦</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the anterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C974057088808377" box="[1097,1179,782,805]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
); the posterior part is flattened secondarily. On the lateral part of the shield a natural boundary is preserved, but the keel is invisible. The shield is ornamented with irregularly arranged and not widely removed from each of the other tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C9C605F0895483F7" box="[1275,1359,910,933]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tubercles are rounded and are 2 to 2.5 mm in diameter. They are also more or less the same sizes on the entire surface of the shield. The height of tubercles was not measured because of the high abrasion of them. The number of tubercles on
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CEBB02538FA18416" box="[902,954,1069,1092]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0CE8702568FDF8468" attach="left" box="[954,964,1064,1082]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">2</superScript>
|
||
of the shield is 72. The specimen additionally included a fragment of unidentified other plate, probably a part of one of the lateral plates of the trunk shield (breadth 3.65 cm, length 5.5 cm) with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E16881EFFB9FFD0C9FA02F388EE84F6" box="[1223,1269,1165,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of ornamentation. In the lateral and posterior regions of the median dorsal plate they are larger and sometimes also irregularly confluent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CE730292892D85B0" blockId="3.[819,1463,171,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The specimen (WNaZ/S/4/142,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C99E029288F88551" box="[1187,1251,1260,1283]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows the anterior part of the median dorsal plate. The plate is thick (about 4.7 cm) and the visceral surface is not visible. The natural anterior margin is preserved. The ornamentation consists of round and smooth tubercles without regular arrangement. Tubercles are about
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CECF03F2884485F1" box="[1010,1119,1420,1443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide in diameter and 1.5 cm in height. The number of tubercles on
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0C9FB03D2891E8591" box="[1222,1285,1452,1475]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0C83B03D8890B85EA" attach="left" box="[1286,1296,1446,1464]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">2</superScript>
|
||
have not been counted because a large part of them are eroded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD0CE73039589718773" blockId="3.[819,1463,171,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
In the anterior part of those plates (MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB9FFD0C83B039589298650" box="[1286,1330,1515,1538]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0CE0E00758F868670" box="[819,925,1547,1570]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
; WNaZ/S/4/142,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C95C007588BE8670" box="[1121,1189,1547,1570]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the small crest occurs. The crest is in the form of a median longitudinal thickening of steep sides, ascending gradually and reaching a height of about
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB9FFD0CEAA00158FC486D0" box="[919,991,1643,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the anteriormost margin. The symmetry plane of this crest meets the plane of the shield at an angle of 30
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB9FFD0CE7300D58F4386E5" bold="true" box="[846,856,1707,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB9FFD0CE7300D58F4386E5" attach="none" box="[846,856,1707,1719]" fontSize="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">◦</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The surface of this crest is covered with tubercles similar to the rest of the shield. The crest was originally present on specimen Muz. PGI-NRI
|
||
<date id="D513107CFFB9FFD0C95B009488CE8753" box="[1126,1237,1770,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C557E994FFB9FFD0C95B009488CE8753" box="[1126,1237,1770,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">1809.II.17</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
but has been lost because of damage to this region of the shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB9FFD0C832017489468773" box="[1295,1373,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB9FFD6CE7301548D10862D" blockId="3.[819,1463,171,1921]" lastBlockId="5.[124,766,1608,1663]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Counting of tubercles on the described specimens revealed that a younger specimen from Płucki (Muz. PGI-NRI
|
||
<date id="D513107CFFB9FFD0CE0E01148FB987D3" box="[819,930,1898,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="1809-02-17">1809.II.17</date>
|
||
) has a lower number of tubercles than the older specimen from Wietrznia Quarry (Muz. PGI-NRI 5.II.89) (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC2F0307FFBFFFD6CD9000168CE0862D" box="[173,251,1640,1663]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[124,180,177,199]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. List of the studied specimens and their measurements." pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5D26634FFBEFFD7CD41017C89688767" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" startId="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" targetBox="[305,1280,177,1763]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFBEFFD7CD41017C89688767" blockId="4.[124,1462,1794,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBEFFD7CD41017C8CC3874A" bold="true" box="[124,216,1794,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045.
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBEFFD7CF6F017C8E76874A" bold="true" box="[594,621,1794,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part),
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBEFFD7C99D017C88A6874A" bold="true" box="[1184,1213,1794,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBEFFD7CF6201618E628767" bold="true" box="[607,633,1823,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F5D26634FFBFFFD6CD41039189698657" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965430" box="[124,1394,1519,1541]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" startId="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" targetBox="[305,1280,177,1487]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFBFFFD6CD41039189698657" blockId="5.[124,1394,1519,1541]" box="[124,1394,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6CD4103918CCC8657" bold="true" box="[124,215,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6C973039188718657" bold="true" box="[1102,1130,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral and
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6C9E7039188EC8657" bold="true" box="[1242,1271,1519,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFBFFFDBCD4100D68D808214" blockId="5.[124,767,1703,1918]" lastBlockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Discussion: Already known species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFBFFFD6CFE600D98CF2868D" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6CFE600D98CF2868D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFBFFFD6CCFB00B98ED5868C" authority="Koenen, 1883" authorityName="von Koenen" authorityYear="1883" box="[454,718,1735,1759]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6CCFB00B98E37868D" box="[454,556,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">A. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CF0A00B98ED5868C" author="Koenen, A. V." box="[567,718,1735,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref5863" refString="Koenen, A. V.: Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Placodermen des norddeutschen Oberdevon's, Abhandlungen Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Gottingen, 30, 1 - 40, 1883." type="journal article" year="1883">Koenen, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFBFFFD6CD4100998DBE86AC" authority="Newberry, 1873" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[124,421,1767,1791]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBFFFD6CD4100998CE886AD" box="[124,243,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">A. clavatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CDC700998DBE86AC" author="Newberry, J. S." box="[250,421,1767,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="247 - 355" refId="ref6141" refString="Newberry, J. S.: The Classification and Geological Distribution of Our Fossil Fishes, Palaeontology of Ohio, 1, 247 - 355, 1873." type="journal article" year="1873">Newberry, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see the discussion by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CFA200998CAF874C" author="Denison, R. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref5515" refString="Denison, R. H.: Handbook of Paleoichthyology, in: Vol. 2 - Placodermi, edited by: Schultze, H. - P., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgard-New York, 1 - 128, 1978." type="book chapter" year="1978">Denison, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 103). The presented material is similar in shape and morphology to the specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CFAF01598CD8870C" author="Kulczycki, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but is characterized by smaller tubercles. Tubercles in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CDA101198D75872C" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[156,366,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki’s (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material reach up to
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFBFFFD6CF5401198EAF872C" box="[617,692,1895,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, while in the studied material they do not extend to even
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFBFFFD6C846003689AD860D" box="[1403,1462,1608,1631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. On specimen WNaZ/S/4/142, tubercles reach the smallest sizes even though this specimen represents the largest individual among all analysed specimens. The characters observed on studied specimens are very peculiar and correspond well to randomly distributed tubercules. Tubercules have stellate base of
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFBFFFD6C9A0017988C3874C" box="[1181,1240,1799,1822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at their largest. The plate is thick, arched and elongated. Those features have been observed and illustrated by previous authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6CEAE0119885D872C" author="Newberry, J. S." box="[915,1094,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="247 - 355" refId="ref6141" refString="Newberry, J. S.: The Classification and Geological Distribution of Our Fossil Fishes, Palaeontology of Ohio, 1, 247 - 355, 1873." type="journal article" year="1873">Newberry, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 35,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFBFFFD6C99B011988F2872C" box="[1190,1257,1895,1918]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionTargetBox="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetId="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFBFFFD6C9C7011989A9872C" author="Whiteaves, J. F." box="[1274,1458,1895,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="255 - 359" refId="ref6816" refString="Whiteaves, J. F.: The fossils of the Devonian rocks of the islands, shores or immediate vicinity of Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegosis, Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian palaeontology, 1, 255 - 359, 1892." type="journal article" year="1892">Whiteaves, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 355;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCDEA06CE8D448095" author="Gross, W." box="[215,351,176,199]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref5610" refString="Gross, W.: Die Wirbeltiere des rheinischen Devons, Abhandlungen der Preusischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, 154, 1 - 83, 1933." type="journal article" year="1933">Gross, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Tab. 6,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCCFB06CE8E178095" box="[454,524,176,199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF2006CE8CAF80B5" author="Sinclair, G. W. & Walker, D. R." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref6335" refString="Sinclair, G. W. and Walker, D. R.: Redescription of Aspidichthys: Arthrodira, Devonian, Ohio J. Sci., 56, 135 - 137, 1956." type="journal article" year="1956">Sinclair and Walker, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCDFC06AE8D0480B5" box="[193,287,208,231]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-2="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-2="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCC1006AE8DF980B5" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[301,482,208,231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 1–3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF7306AE8EE980B5" author="Schultze, H. P." box="[590,754,208,231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="53 - 78" refId="ref6310" refString="Schultze, H. P.: Large Upper Devonian Arthrodires from Iran, Fieldana Geology, 23, 53 - 78, 1973." type="journal article" year="1973">Schultze, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as preliminary characterized material from the Holy Cross Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCC76076E8DCC8175" author="Szrek, P." box="[331,471,272,295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" refId="ref6518" refString="Szrek, P.: Placoderm fishes from the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 144 pp., 2009 (Polish)." type="book" year="2009">Szrek, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens described herein are different from those discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF9E074E8CA78135" author="Schultze, H. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="53 - 78" refId="ref6310" refString="Schultze, H. P.: Large Upper Devonian Arthrodires from Iran, Fieldana Geology, 23, 53 - 78, 1973." type="journal article" year="1973">Schultze (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 2, Fig. a–b) by clearly larger distances between tubercles and thus are more reminiscent of those illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCD9F07EE8D4C81F5" author="Newberry, J. S." box="[162,343,400,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="247 - 355" refId="ref6141" refString="Newberry, J. S.: The Classification and Geological Distribution of Our Fossil Fishes, Palaeontology of Ohio, 1, 247 - 355, 1873." type="journal article" year="1873">Newberry (1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 35,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCC8107EE8DE681F5" box="[444,509,400,423]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionTargetBox="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetId="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF2407EE8EB981F5" author="Gross, W." box="[537,674,400,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref5610" refString="Gross, W.: Die Wirbeltiere des rheinischen Devons, Abhandlungen der Preusischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, 154, 1 - 83, 1933." type="journal article" year="1933">Gross (1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Tab. 6,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCD4107D18CFA8194" box="[124,225,431,454]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" captionStartId-1="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox-0="[210,1376,181,1739]" captionTargetBox-1="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@6.[207,1379,177,1739]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figure 4. Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17. (a) Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part), (b) median dorsal plate in anterior view, (c) one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." captionText-1="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCDCE07D18E118194" author="Sinclair, G. W. & Walker, D. R." box="[243,522,431,454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref6335" refString="Sinclair, G. W. and Walker, D. R.: Redescription of Aspidichthys: Arthrodira, Devonian, Ohio J. Sci., 56, 135 - 137, 1956." type="journal article" year="1956">Sinclair and Walker (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCF2E07D18E548194" box="[531,591,431,454]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionTargetBox="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetId="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCFAF07D18CA781B4" author="Kulczycki, J." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 11,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCC1D07B18D9081B4" box="[288,395,463,486]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differences could lie in a local palaeogeographic morphological variations suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCD4104718D218274" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[124,314,527,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rather than sizes of particular individual and species differentiation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5D26634FFBCFFD5CD4100948D2A8769" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965432/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" startId="6.[124,191,1770,1792]" targetBox="[210,1376,181,1739]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFBCFFD5CD4100948D2A8769" blockId="6.[124,1461,1770,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBCFFD5CD4100948CCC8752" bold="true" box="[124,215,1770,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen no. Muz. PIG 1809.II.17.
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBCFFD5CF0B00948E4A8752" bold="true" box="[566,593,1770,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the median dorsal plate (arrow shows anterior part),
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBCFFD5C9E4009488ED8752" bold="true" box="[1241,1270,1770,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
median dorsal plate in anterior view,
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBCFFD5CC2101798D2D874F" bold="true" box="[284,310,1799,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
one of the armour plates (probably the posterior lateral plate), and
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBCFFD5CE8901798FCA874F" bold="true" box="[948,977,1799,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F5D26634FFBDFFD4CD41015688158709" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" startId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" targetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFBDFFD4CD41015688158709" blockId="7.[124,1462,1832,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBDFFD4CD4101568CCC876C" bold="true" box="[124,215,1832,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBDFFD4CE4501568F88876C" bold="true" box="[888,915,1832,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBDFFD4C92B01568828876C" bold="true" box="[1046,1075,1832,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view (arrow shows anterior part),
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBDFFD4CD41013B8C8D8709" bold="true" box="[124,150,1861,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
anterior view, and
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFBDFFD4CC73013B8D718709" bold="true" box="[334,362,1861,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB2FFDBCDAA04318EBA84F6" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The specimens where the anterior margin of the median dorsal plate is preserved (MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB2FFDBCCE704118E1D82D4" box="[474,518,623,646]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCFA904118EE182D4" box="[660,762,623,646]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="5.[124,191,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@5.[305,1280,177,1487]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." captionText-1="Figure 3. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. Magnified anterior part of the median dorsal plate in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965430" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965430/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
; WNaZ/S/4/142,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCC1004F18D8F82F4" box="[301,404,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[124,191,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,177,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[332,1254,177,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Specimen no WNaZ/S/4/142, anterior part of the median dorsal plate. (a) Dorsal view, (b) lateral view (arrow shows anterior part), (c) anterior view, and (d) magnified area of the median dorsal plate showing the ornamentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965436/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
) show a more rounded margin in the part where it turns posteriorly than on the specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCDE004B08DE882B7" author="Sinclair, G. W. & Walker, D. R." box="[221,499,718,741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref6335" refString="Sinclair, G. W. and Walker, D. R.: Redescription of Aspidichthys: Arthrodira, Devonian, Ohio J. Sci., 56, 135 - 137, 1956." type="journal article" year="1956">Sinclair and Walker (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCCC104B08E4482B7" box="[508,607,718,741]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
), on which this part turns at almost a right angle. This region is visible only in the specimens MWG
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7BCAE79FFB2FFDBCC4305708DB18377" box="[382,426,782,805]" country="USA" name="University of Washington Fish Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UW</collectionCode>
|
||
ZI/43/0045 and WNaZ/S/4/142 and those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCC3005508E2B8317" author="Sinclair, G. W. & Walker, D. R." box="[269,560,814,837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref6335" refString="Sinclair, G. W. and Walker, D. R.: Redescription of Aspidichthys: Arthrodira, Devonian, Ohio J. Sci., 56, 135 - 137, 1956." type="journal article" year="1956">Sinclair and Walker (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="39962A39FFB2FFDBCF0005508EBE8317" box="[573,677,814,837]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="1.[819,886,877,899]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[827,1447,182,846]" captionTargetBox-1="[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-426@1.[827,1454,177,846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[305,1280,177,1763]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location of the investigated outcrops in the Holy Cross Mountains. (a) Location map of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), central Poland (modified from Kowalczewski, 1971). (b) Diagrammatic cross section through the Holy Cross Mountains from the Givetian to the top of the Upper Devonian (after Szulczewski, 1995, modified) with the probable position of the localities investigated (a – marly limestones and shales; b – condensed cephalopod and crinoidal limestones; c – marly limestones; d – calcirudites; e – bedded limestones; f – dolomites; g – massive and bedded limestone; h – cephalopod limestones; i – clayey and marly shales)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Specimen no. MWG UW ZI/43/0045. (a) Dorsal view of the specimen (arrow shows anterior part), (b) lateral view of the reconstructed armour (preserved parts are marked), and (c) dorsal view of specimen with particular plates and elements marked with lines." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965426" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965428" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965426/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965428/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the carinal process mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF2505308EC98337" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[536,722,846,869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCD4105108D3283D7" author="Schultze, H. P." box="[124,297,878,901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="53 - 78" refId="ref6310" refString="Schultze, H. P.: Large Upper Devonian Arthrodires from Iran, Fieldana Geology, 23, 53 - 78, 1973." type="journal article" year="1973">Schultze (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is not accessible for investigation because it is not visible in the new material from the Holy Cross Mountains, making a detailed comparison difficult. However, other morphological features of the external side of the median dorsal plates (overall shape longer than wide, ornamentation composed of large tubercles, thickness of bones that are arched and which enclose at an angle of 120
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCF4302538E93846B" bold="true" box="[638,648,1069,1081]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<superScript id="56D89BF4FFB2FFDBCF4302538E93846B" attach="left" box="[638,648,1069,1081]" fontSize="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">◦</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of the median dorsal plate) correspond to other described specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCDBE02138DBD84D6" author="Sinclair, G. W. & Walker, D. R." box="[131,422,1133,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref6335" refString="Sinclair, G. W. and Walker, D. R.: Redescription of Aspidichthys: Arthrodira, Devonian, Ohio J. Sci., 56, 135 - 137, 1956." type="journal article" year="1956">Sinclair and Walker, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCC8802138E7284D6" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[437,617,1133,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and confirm identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCC1102F28E8784F6" authority="Koenen, 1895" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1895" box="[300,668,1164,1188]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCC1102F28DE484F6" box="[300,511,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys ingens</emphasis>
|
||
Koenen, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB2FFDBCDAA02D38EE486D0" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The median dorsal plate of species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCF1A02D28EE58496" box="[551,766,1196,1220]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCF1A02D28EE58496" box="[551,766,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represented by specimen no. WNaZ/S/4/142 is not complete, but species-related features are preserved (e.g. large, rounded irregularly arranged tubercles and relatively thick shield;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCDF403528D7F8511" author="Denison, R. H." box="[201,356,1324,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref5515" refString="Denison, R. H.: Handbook of Paleoichthyology, in: Vol. 2 - Placodermi, edited by: Schultze, H. - P., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgard-New York, 1 - 128, 1978." type="book chapter" year="1978">Denison, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which are commonly observed on the plates and suggest that the plate belongs to this species. The studied specimen has smaller tubercles (
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB2FFDBCF1E03128E6285D1" box="[547,633,1388,1411]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) than the specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCCD303F28EB485F1" author="Kulczycki, J." box="[494,687,1420,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="285 - 380" refId="ref5934" refString="Kulczycki, J.: Upper Devonian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 2, 285 - 380, 1957." type="journal article" year="1957">Kulczycki (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which have tubercles of even
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB2FFDBCC5603D28DA88591" box="[363,435,1452,1475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. This specimen can be compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCC0203B58DDD85B1" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[319,454,1483,1507]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCC0203B58DDD85B1" box="[319,454,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by Schultze (1978, Pl. 3), where the ornamentation contains tubercles about
|
||
<quantity id="66559B59FFB2FFDBCD4100758CAC8670" box="[124,183,1547,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; however, the studied specimen shows a large keel. In the material described by Schultze (1978), an inconsiderable bump occurs on the anterior part of the shield. This bump is clearly visible on almost all specimens studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB2FFDBCDAA00F588DB83F7" blockId="8.[124,767,176,1921]" lastBlockId="8.[819,1462,176,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The studied remains occur in the pelagic facies, suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCD9600D48D298690" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[171,306,1706,1730]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCD9600D48D298690" box="[171,306,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lived in a deep-water environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCF8900D58D2086B3" author="Ivanov, A. & Ginter, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="413 - 426" refId="ref5660" refString="Ivanov, A. and Ginter, M.: Comments on the Late Devonian placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 42, 413 - 426, 1997." type="journal article" year="1997">Ivanov and Ginter, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCC7600B48DCB86B3" author="Szrek, P." box="[331,464,1738,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="521 - 524" refId="ref6371" refString="Szrek, P.: Zroznicowanie facjalne a skamienialosci po´znodewonskich plakodermow w Gorach Swi ˛ etokrzyskich (Facies variabilty and Late Devonian placoderms fossils in the Holy Cross Mountains), Przegl ˛ ad Geologiczny 54, 521 - 524, 2006 (Polish)." type="journal article" year="2006">Szrek, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as active predators would have had a demersal lifestyle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCCDC00948EE18753" author="Janiszewska, K. & Szrek, P. & Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T." box="[481,762,1770,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="63 - 66" refId="ref5699" refString="Janiszewska, K., Szrek, P., and Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T.: Zapis zdarzen biotycznych na pograniczu fransko-famenskim w Pluckach kolo Lagowa (Biotic events record at the Frasnian-Famennian transition in Plucki near Lagow), edited by: Zylinska, A., XX Konferencja Naukowa Paleobiologow i Biostratygrafow PTG, Granice Paleontologii. Warszawa, 63 - 66, 2007 (Polish)." type="book chapter" year="2007">Janiszewska et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Szrek, 2007). The conodont analysis shows that placoderms from Wietrznia Quarry lived in slightly shallower water than those from Kowala Quarry. In the sample from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCFFF01348CBE87D3" authorityName="Gray, 1839: 335 (Non Lacerta Punctata Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCFFF01348CBE87D3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
zone (Wietrznia Quarry),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCCEF01178E3087D3" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[466,555,1897,1921]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCCEF01178E3087D3" box="[466,555,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more numerous than in the sample from the early
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC98606CE890F809A" box="[1211,1300,176,200]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhenana">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC98606CE890F809A" box="[1211,1300,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">rhenana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
zone (Kowala Quarry), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCEE006AE882D80BA" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[989,1078,208,232]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCEE006AE882D80BA" box="[989,1078,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elements are in the minority, which suggests a deeper environment. In the sample from Wietrznia Quarry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCE8B076E8808817A" authorityName="Gray, 1839: 335 (Non Lacerta Punctata Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[950,1043,272,296]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCE8B076E8808817A" box="[950,1043,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone) there were 10
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC860076E89AD817A" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[1373,1462,272,296]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC860076E89AD817A" box="[1373,1462,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elements and 19
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCED70751886F8115" box="[1002,1140,303,327]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCED70751886F8115" box="[1002,1140,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Palmatolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elements. In the sample from Kowala Quarry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCED7073188588135" box="[1002,1091,335,359]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhenana">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCED7073188588135" box="[1002,1091,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">rhenana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone) there were 25 elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCE9907118FE681D5" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[932,1021,367,391]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCE9907118FE681D5" box="[932,1021,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 326 elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC9D80711897481D5" box="[1253,1391,367,391]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC9D80711897481D5" box="[1253,1391,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Palmatolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sample form Płucki revealed 33
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC94E07F188D781F5" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[1139,1228,399,423]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC94E07F188D781F5" box="[1139,1228,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 44
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC81107F189AD81F5" box="[1324,1462,399,423]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC81107F189AD81F5" box="[1324,1462,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Palmatolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elements. For details, one can refer to
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC2F0307FFB2FFDBC9E707D189378194" box="[1242,1324,431,454]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[124,180,770,792]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[135,757,910,1335]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2. Distribution of the stratigraphical occurrence of described specimens and diagrams showing Palmatolepis and Icriodus conodonts percentage share. Abbreviations: E – early; M – middle; L – late; Pa – Palmatolepis; Icr – Icriodus." pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, which indicates a progressive and stepwise deepening of the environment and is correlated with the synsedimentary block tectonics and permanent growth of the sea level in the studied area during the Frasnian suggested by previous authors (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBC84304518FD48234" author="Szulczewski, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="471 - 488" refId="ref6731" refString="Szulczewski, M.: Depositional evolution of the Holy Cross Mountains in the Devonian and Carboniferous - a review, Geol. Q., 39, 471 - 488, 1995." type="journal article" year="1995">Szulczewski, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Analyses of the Płucki section (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBC80904318F7082D4" author="Racki, G. & Racka, M. & Matyja, H. & Devleechouwer, X." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="251 - 297" refId="ref6170" refString="Racki, G., Racka, M., Matyja, H., and Devleechouwer, X.: The Frasnian / Famennian boundary interval in the South Polish- Moravian shelf basins: integrated event-stratigraphical approach, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 181, 251 - 297, 2002." type="journal article" year="2002">Racki et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBCE4A041188C882D4" author="Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T." box="[887,1235,623,646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 160" refId="ref6893" refString="Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T.: Upper Devonian goniatites and cooccurring conodonts from the Holy Cross Mountains: studies of the Polish Geological Institute collections, Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 76, 113 - 160, 2006." type="journal article" year="2006">Woroncowa-Marcinowska, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC2F0307FFB2FFDBC83A0411894D82D4" box="[1287,1366,623,646]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[124,180,770,792]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[135,757,910,1335]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2. Distribution of the stratigraphical occurrence of described specimens and diagrams showing Palmatolepis and Icriodus conodonts percentage share. Abbreviations: E – early; M – middle; L – late; Pa – Palmatolepis; Icr – Icriodus." pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) demonstrated a deep-sea environment in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC9F704F0895782F4" box="[1226,1356,654,678]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linguiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC9F704F0895782F4" box="[1226,1356,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">linguiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conodont zone. Moreover, the regression at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary has been suggested based on the percentage share of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBCE6904908FC58354" box="[852,990,750,774]" family="Palmatolepidae" genus="Palmatolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBCE6904908FC58354" box="[852,990,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Palmatolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC9250490886A8354" authorityName="Branson & Mehl" authorityYear="1938" box="[1048,1137,750,774]" family="Icriodontidae" genus="Icriodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC9250490886A8354" box="[1048,1137,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Icriodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elements (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBC9D704908F778377" author="Janiszewska, K. & Szrek, P. & Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T." pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="63 - 66" refId="ref5699" refString="Janiszewska, K., Szrek, P., and Woroncowa-Marcinowska, T.: Zapis zdarzen biotycznych na pograniczu fransko-famenskim w Pluckach kolo Lagowa (Biotic events record at the Frasnian-Famennian transition in Plucki near Lagow), edited by: Zylinska, A., XX Konferencja Naukowa Paleobiologow i Biostratygrafow PTG, Granice Paleontologii. Warszawa, 63 - 66, 2007 (Polish)." type="book chapter" year="2007">Janiszewska et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which could be correlated with global changes in sea level (McGhee Jr., 2013). The conjunction of the regression and environmental changes during the reef fauna crisis could have led to the disappearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC9DD0513897C83D7" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[1248,1383,877,901]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC9DD0513897C83D7" box="[1248,1383,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the Frasnian to Famennian transition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A11236BCFFB2FFDBCE7305D388F08551" blockId="8.[819,1462,176,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The analysis of the placoderm fauna from the Upper Kellwasserkalk of Płucki shows similarities to the contemporary fauna from Bad Wildungen. For 14 genera ascertained in Płucki (Szrek, 2008, 2009), 9, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66AD4D3FFFB2FFDBC9C00273899F8477" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1873" box="[1277,1412,1037,1061]" genus="Aspidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93D9EAAEFFB2FFDBC9C00273899F8477" box="[1277,1412,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Aspidichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are common to Bad Wildungen. This is most likely directly related to the short palaeogeographic distance between both localities. Exhaustive analysis of palaeobiogeographic distribution of different placoderm taxa also from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9BA762CFFB2FFDBC87202F389A984F6" box="[1359,1458,1165,1188]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9BA762CFFB2FFDBCE0E02D38F658496" box="[819,894,1197,1220]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9BA762CFFB2FFDBCEB402D38FAD8496" box="[905,950,1197,1220]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9BA762CFFB2FFDBCED302D388548496" box="[1006,1103,1197,1220]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests vicinities between all of these areas without a significant barrier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C53C4B4DFFB2FFDBC9D102B2899384B1" author="Rucklin, M." box="[1260,1416,1228,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref6278" refString="Rucklin, M.: A new Frasnian placoderm assemblage from the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco, and its palaeobiogeographical implications, Palaeoworld, 19, 87 - 93, 2010." type="journal article" year="2010">Rücklin, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for bottom-dwelling fishes (e.g. deep ocean).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |