217 lines
27 KiB
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217 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.411.7260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ac4a2eb-d7eb-4ab4-902e-4efec18772b5" ID-PMC="PMC4042819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-411-67" ID-PubMed="24899856" ID-ZBK="84CD964B1FF7406B89AE49AEF133F245" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-411-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 411" ModsDocTitle="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): synonymisation of Decamorium Forel under Tetramorium, and taxonomic revision of the T. decem species group" checkinTime="1451245857927" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, Francisco & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="28B571147BCBE39B85E69CA7B0555E8E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 411: 67-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 411" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.411.7260" docTitle="Tetramorium decem Forel 1913, comb. r." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FFB0FFEFD61EFFC2FFDEFFD252756410" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): synonymisation of Decamorium Forel under Tetramorium, and taxonomic revision of the T. decem species group" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668158546428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): synonymisation of Decamorium Forel under Tetramorium, and taxonomic revision of the T. decem species group</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>411</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>103</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.411.7260</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.411.7260</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-411-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">84CD964B1FF7406B89AE49AEF133F245</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">84CD964B1FF7406B89AE49AEF133F245</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28B571147BCBE39B85E69CA7B0555E8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28B571147BCBE39B85E69CA7B0555E8E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1913 a" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem Forel, 1913a</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="77">comb. r.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 6A, 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium (Decamorium) decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem" subGenus="Decamorium">Tetramorium (Decamorium) decem</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1913a: 121. [Combination in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decamorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Decamorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Decamorium</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, WM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 1055" title="Ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa." volume="45" year="1922">Wheeler 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 906; senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decamorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Decamorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Decamorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="281 - 379" title="The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Constituent genera, review of smaller genera and revision of Triglyphothrix Forel." volume="34" year="1976">Bolton 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 298.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Lectotype [designated here], pinned worker, ZIMBABWE, Redbank,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.98333">19.98333S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.37759">28.37759E</geoCoordinate>
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, 7.IV.1912 (G. Arnold) (MHNG: CASENT0909196) [examined]. Paralectotypes [designated here], seven pinned workers with same data as lectotype (BMNH: CASENT0901035; MHNG: CASENT0248316; MSNG: CASENT0904789) [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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[Note: the GPS data of the type locality was not provided by the locality label or the original description. The data presented above is based on our own geo-referencing
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="78" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
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the town of Redbank located in the Matabeleland North Province. Consequently, the location should be considered as an approximation and not the exact position of the type locality.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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KENYA: Coastal Province, Malindi District, Arabuko Sokoke Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-3.28">3.28S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="39.97">39.97E</geoCoordinate>
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, 75 m, Brachystegia forest, 26.V.2001 (R.R. Snelling & D.J. Martins); Coastal Province, Malindi District, Arabuko Sokoke Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.32111">3.32111S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.92944">39.92944E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 50 m, VI.2009 (F. Hita Garcia & G. Fischer); TANZANIA: Mkomazi Game Reserve, Ibaya,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.96667">3.96667S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="37.8">37.8E</geoCoordinate>
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, in burnt grassland, 19.-20.XI.1994 (A. Russel-Smith).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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non-type worker (CASENT0914088). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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can be recognised by the following combination of characters: relatively larger species (HW 0.59-0.62; WL 1.02-1.16); propodeal teeth relatively longer (PSLI 17-19); petiolar node in profile around 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than long (LPeI 77-82); dorsum of promesonotum unsculptured, smooth, and very shiny; strongly bicoloured species with dark brown or black gaster contrasting with light brown to reddish brown remainder of body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="worker measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Worker measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">(N=15). HL 0.71-0.74 (0.72); HW 0.59-0.62 (0.60); SL 0.42-0.45 (0.43); EL 0.19-0.21 (0.20); PH 0.33-0.37 (0.35); PW 0.47-0.50 (0.48); WL 1.02-1.16 (1.06); PSL 0.12-0.14 (0.13); PTL 0.25-0.27 (0.26); PTH 0.31-0.34 (0.33); PTW 0.22-0.24 (0.23); PPL 0.24-0.27 (0.25); PPH 0.32-0.36 (0.34); PPW 0.32-0.36 (0.34); CI 83-85 (84); SI 70-76 (72); OI 32-34 (33); DMI 41-47 (45); LMI 32-34 (33); PSLI 17-19 (18); PeNI 46-51 (48); LPeI 77-82 (80); DPeI 85-92 (88); PpNI 67-76 (70); LPpI 71-77 (75); DPpI 128-138 (133); PPI 143-149 (147).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="79" start="start">Worker</pageBreakToken>
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description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Head much longer than wide (CI 83-85); posterior head margin weakly concave. Anterior clypeal margin with distinct, but often shallow median impression. Frontal carinae strongly developed and noticeably raised forming dorsal margin of very well-developed antennal scrobes, curving down ventrally and anteriorly halfway between posterior eye margin and posterior head margin and forming posterior and parts of ventral scrobe margins; antennal scrobes very well developed, deep and with clearly defined margins, but ventral margin less strongly developed, median scrobal carina absent. Antennal scapes short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 70-76). Eyes very large (OI 32-34). Mesosomal outline in profile flat to weakly convex, relatively low and elongate (LMI 32-34), moderately to strongly marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove present, distinct, and clearly impressed. Propodeal spines short, elongate-triangular, and moderately acute (PSLI 17-19), propodeal lobes short, triangular, and usually blunt, always significantly shorter than propodeal spines. Tibiae and femorae strongly swollen. Petiolar node nodiform with moderately rounded antero- and posterodorsal margins, around 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than long (LPeI 77-82), anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins situated at about the same height, petiolar dorsum clearly convex; node in dorsal view between 1.1 to 1.2 times longer than wide (DPeI 85-92), in dorsal view pronotum around 2.0 to 2.2 times wider than petiolar node (PeNI 46-51). Postpetiole in profile globular to subglobular, approximately 1.3 to 1.4 times higher than long (LPpI 71-77); in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPpI 128-138), pronotum between 1.3 to 1.5 times wider than postpetiole (PpNI 67-76). Postpetiole in profile usually appearing less voluminous than petiolar node, postpetiole in dorsal view around 1.4 to 1.5 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 143-149). Mandibles and clypeus usually fully unsculptured, smooth, and shining, mandibles sometimes with few traces of rugulae apically; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae mostly unsculptured and shiny, median ruga present and distinct, cephalic dorsum also puncticulate to punctate throughout its length, posteriorly close to posterior head margin especially pronounced; scrobal area partly unsculptured, smooth and shiny and partly merging with surrounding rugose sculpture on sides of head. Ground sculpture on head usually weak to absent. Dorsum of mesosoma mostly unsculptured, smooth and shiny with scattered punctures, rarely with few traces of rugulae; lateral mesosoma longitudinally rugose and very conspicuously reticulate-punctate except for mostly unsculptured lateral pronotum and katepisternum. Forecoxae unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Petiolar node and postpetiole superficially longitudinally rugulose or irregularly rugulose superimposed on conspicuous but relatively weak reticulate-punctate ground sculpture. Mesosoma and waist segments appearing mostly matt. First gastral tergite unsculptured, smooth, and shiny. Pilosity and pubescence greatly reduced: head with few pairs of moderately long, standing hairs, anterior pronotum with one long pair, waist segments sometimes with one long pair each, and sometimes first gastral tergite with one long pair; appressed pubescence present everywhere on body, but noticeable only on antennae, cephalic dorsum, legs, and first gastral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="80" start="start">tergite</pageBreakToken>
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. Anterior edges of antennal scapes and dorsal (outer) surfaces of hind tibiae with appressed hairs. Body strongly bicoloured with dark brown to black gaster contrasting with light brown to reddish brown remainder.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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The distribution range of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is far smaller than previously thought (Fig. 3). Indeed, most of the material listed in the literature as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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or labelled as such in museum collections turned out to be either
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Tetramorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">Tetramorium venator</taxonomicName>
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, while only a few collections proved to be genuine
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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. Based on the redefined species definition,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is only known from the type locality in Zimbabwe and two additional localities in East Africa: Arabuko Sokoke in Kenya and Mkomazi in Tanzania. Nevertheless, if more extensive sampling efforts are undertaken in East Africa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is likely to be found in more localities in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Like
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Tetramorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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prefers arid habitats, such as savannah and woodland. Based on
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<bibRefCitation author="Arnold, G" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="26" pageNumber="93" pagination="271 - 402" title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part III. Myrmicinae." volume="14" year="1917">Arnold (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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and the collection label from some material from Arabuko Sokoke,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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nests in sandy soil. The diet consists of termites, as with most other members of the species group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is the core species of the group, and was the type species for the description of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Decamorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Decamorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Decamorium</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" pagination="108 - 147" title="Fourmis de Rhodesia, etc. recoltees par M. G. Arnold, le Dr H. Brauns et K. Fikendey." volume="57" year="1913 a">Forel (1913a)</bibRefCitation>
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. It is perhaps the most conspicuous species of the group. Its bicolouration, larger size, lack of sculpture on the mesosomal dorsum, and a higher petiolar node render it immediately recognisable. The mostly unsculptured, smooth and shiny mesosomal dorsum distinguishes
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium raptor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raptor">Tetramorium raptor</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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, in which the dorsum of the mesosoma is clearly longitudinally rugose/rugulose.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Tetramorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">Tetramorium venator</taxonomicName>
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both share the lack of sculpture on the mesosomal dorsum with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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, but can still be easily separated from the latter.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is generally larger in size (WL 1.02-1.16), has longer propodeal spines (PSLI 17-19) and is also conspicuously bicoloured, whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Tetramorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">Tetramorium venator</taxonomicName>
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are smaller species (WL 0.85-0.98) with significantly shorter propodeal teeth (PSLI 9-13) and a more uniform brown to black body colouration. In addition,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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also has a higher petiolar node, in profile around 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than long (LPeI 77-82), compared to the other two, in which the node in profile is only around 1.0 to 1.2 times higher than long (LPeI 86-100). The species that appears to be morphologically closest to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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. Both species share the large body, bicolouration, and preference for arid habitats. However, in addition to the sculpture on the mesosoma,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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also has a lower petiolar node, in profile around 1.1 times higher than long (LPeI 88-93). Another character that is shared between
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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but absent in the other species of the group is the development of the ventral margin of the antennal scrobe. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium raptor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raptor">Tetramorium raptor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium ultor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultor">Tetramorium ultor</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium venator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venator">Tetramorium venator</taxonomicName>
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the margin is clearly and well defined, while in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium uelense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelense">Tetramorium uelense</taxonomicName>
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it is less so and merges more with the surrounding rugose sculpture.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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Based on the available material we did not observe any significant form of intraspecific variation in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium decem" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decem">Tetramorium decem</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |