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<document id="251B69FF7C8B628C97DDA57975BBADCF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.203919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2af3e798-9a86-4a06-b094-009841e06894" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="203919" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460336166162" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reverter-Gil, Oscar, Souto, Javier &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro, Eugenio" docDate="2011" docId="287D87A7770AFF9742E1441F49CF5C48" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02993p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2993" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Crepis verticillata Harmer 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="D444FFDF7703FF9B427641404B7A5F38" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Crepis Jullien (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of a new genus and family and notes on Chlidoniidae" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698259830541" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="471CEA231C5092E6C82ED1C897CA3EA7">Revision of the genus Crepis Jullien (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of a new genus and family and notes on Chlidoniidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90298589A39B1E97C6E579AC55825D6B">Reverter-Gil, Oscar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBE96561C61517437BBAAC4DA9F37D9F">Souto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC56A1DA510765E4394F5A003BDA67BA">Fernández-Pulpeiro, Eugenio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="01AAA0F42F1D342AF01F9630A59B8C92">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="287D87A7770AFF9742E1441F49CF5C48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:287D87A7770AFF9742E1441F49CF5C48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/287D87A7770AFF9742E1441F49CF5C48" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="E8CE653A770AFF9242E1441F4AF35AA2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770AFF9242E1441F495A5A41" blockId="9.[151,544,1375,1434]" box="[151,544,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="FB2381DD770AFF9242E1441F495A5A41" bold="true" box="[151,544,1375,1401]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF9242E1441F495A5A41" ID-CoL="ZF22" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,544,1375,1401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242E1441F495A5A41" bold="true" box="[151,544,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242E1441F4A165A41" bold="true" box="[151,364,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B40770AFF924302441F495A5A41" author="Harmer" box="[372,544,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770AFF9242E144C24AF35AA2" blockId="9.[151,544,1375,1434]" box="[151,393,1410,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="38EF2A34770AFF9242E944C24A5A5AA2" box="[159,288,1410,1434]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStart-1="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1226,1249]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1434,553,1848]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,193,1204]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1435,553,1848]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1205]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 23 – 29. Crepis verticillata Harmer, 1926. 23, view of colony on hydroid substratum (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.83, lectotype); 24, same, a whorl of three zooids; 25, a whorl of five zooids detached from the substratum; note the development of the gymnocyst (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.85, paralectotype); 26, same, a whorl of three zooids detached from the substratum; 27, same, autozooid with the frontal surface inclined at a right angle; 28, same, autozooid with the frontal surface inclined at 45 º; 29, same, basal view of a whorl, with basal fenestrae." captionText-1="FIGURES 30 – 33. Crepis verticillata Harmer, 1926. 30, a lateral branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.83, lectotype); 31, 32, caudal branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.84, paralectotype); 33, same, a calcareous rootlet on a lateral zooid." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/203924/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/203925/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 23–33</figureCitation>
; Table 7)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8CE653A770AFF9242E1448B49465AC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770AFF9242E1448B49465AC6" blockId="9.[151,729,1482,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="80C4119F770AFF9242E1448B49465AC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF9242E1448B496C5AE7" ID-CoL="ZF22" authority="Harmer, 1926: 319" authorityName="Harmer" authorityPageNumber="319" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,534,1482,1504]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242E1448B4A355AD8" box="[151,335,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="217510A0770AFF924323448B496C5AE7" author="Harmer" box="[341,534,1482,1504]" page="319" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B40770AFF924323448B4A9E5AD8" author="Harmer" box="[341,484,1482,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 319
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 15, figs 13–18. Not
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF9242B544A949425AC6" ID-CoL="ZF22" authority="Gordon 2009: 49" authorityName="Gordon" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="2009" box="[195,568,1512,1534]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242B544A94A015AC6" box="[195,379,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="217510A0770AFF9243FE44A849425AC6" author="Gordon" box="[392,568,1512,1534]" page="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B40770AFF9243FE44A849685AC6" author="Gordon" box="[392,530,1512,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gordon, D. P. (2009) Baudina gen. nov., constituting the first record of Pasytheidae from Australia, and Sinoflustridae fam. nov., with a checklist of Bryozoa and Pterobranchia from Beagle. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 49
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8CE653A770AFF9242E147654A6A59F6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770AFF9242E147654A6A59F6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1573,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242E147654AF85906" bold="true" box="[151,386,1573,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9243FC47674A8D5906" box="[394,503,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="7F6F8813770AFF9243FC47674A8D5906" box="[394,503,1575,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="C6C5AE74770AFF92407E476749085906" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[520,626,1575,1598]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1928.9.13.83,
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF92416A47674F3D5906" authority="Siboga" authorityName="Siboga" box="[796,1095,1574,1598]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF92416A476748905906" box="[796,1002,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF92418F47664F3D5906" box="[1017,1095,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Siboga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, western Torres Straits, 1888, coll. A. Haddon, on
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF92430D470A4820595A" authority="Kirkpatrick." authorityName="Kirkpatrick." box="[379,858,1610,1634]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibuliforme">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF92430D470A49B3595A" box="[379,713,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium infundibuliforme</emphasis>
Kirkpatrick.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF924116470A4887595A" box="[864,1021,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="7F6F8813770AFF924116470A4887595A" box="[864,1021,1610,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="C6C5AE74770AFF92467A470B4F0C595A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1036,1142,1611,1634]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1928.9.13.84,
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF924768470B4A0D59BE" authority="Siboga Stn" authorityName="Siboga Stn" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF924768470B4B9459BE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF92428A472E4A3059BE" box="[252,330,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Siboga</emphasis>
Stn
</taxonomicName>
141, western Torres Straits, 1888, coll. A. Haddon, on
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF924191472E4BB05992" authority="Kirkpatrick." authorityName="Kirkpatrick." class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibuliforme">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF924191472E4E4F59BE" box="[999,1333,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eudendrium infundibuliforme</emphasis>
Kirkpatrick.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242A547D24A0A5992" box="[211,368,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="7F6F8813770AFF9242A547D24A0A5992" box="[211,368,1682,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="C6C5AE74770AFF9243F747D34A915992" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[385,491,1683,1706]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1928.9.13.85,
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770AFF9240EE47D348BE5992" authority="Siboga" authorityName="Siboga" box="[664,964,1682,1706]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9240EE47D3481C5992" box="[664,870,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF92410047D248BE5992" box="[886,964,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Siboga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, western Torres Straits, coll. A. Haddon,
<date id="D46A1071770AFF9242E147F64A7659F6" box="[151,268,1718,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1898-02-24">24/2/1898</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8CE653A770AFF9142B347994A3B5EBF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770AFF9142B347994A3B5EBF" blockId="9.[151,1437,1573,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,500]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770AFF9242B347994A2D59CA" bold="true" box="[197,343,1753,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
Colony small, creeping, composed of whorls of autozooids along a uniserial stoloniform axis. Central autozooids of whorl comprising a distal dilatation and long, filiform cauda cemented to hydroid substratum. Dilatation cucullate (hood-like), with smooth exterior-walled (gymnocystal) calcification; frontal surface generally inclined about 45° to the substratum, occasionally more or less so, or even vertical. Gymnocyst only developed proximally. Cryptocyst flat, covering less than two thirds of frontal area, with faint reticulate pattern on its surface, visible only in dry material. Operculum smaller than opesia, occupying more than a half its length. Cauda originating from central zooid of whorl, an oblique, incomplete septum partially cutting off a small chamber at basal side of terminal wall of parent zooid; central zooid of whorl producing two lateral zooids joined to proximolateral end of parent dilatation; communication via a blister-like rosette-plate; lateral zooids lacking cauda, deflected about 45° to central axis. Each secondary zooid may produce another lateral zooid, also lacking cauda and inclined at 45°. In this way, a whorl of five zooids joined by their proximal parts is formed, partially encircling hydroid substratum. Lateral walls and cryptocyst well calcified; basal wall, attached to the substratum, incompletely calcified, leaving an elongate fenestra in median zooid and a more oval fenestra in the other zooids of the whorl. Spines, heterozooids and ovicells absent. New branches formed by lateral budding from main axis. Ancestrula unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8CE653A7709FF9742B340D449CF5C48" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A06B36B17709FF9142B340D449DC5ECC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF9142B340D44A485E94" bold="true" box="[197,306,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
. The description and original figures of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327709FF91408440D548F75E94" box="[754,909,404,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91408440D548F75E94" box="[754,909,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B407709FF9141C040D54F265E94" author="Harmer" box="[950,1116,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
are very complete and accurate. However, we have added here some data that were not originally included, such as measurements taken from the original material and photographs by SEM.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F4AB66397709FF9142E1461149F558DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203924/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1434,553,1848]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="A06B36B17709FF9142E1461149F558DA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1873,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF9142E146114A2E585F" bold="true" box="[151,340,1873,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 23–29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327709FF91432C461349D25850" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[346,680,1874,1896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91432C461349685850" box="[346,530,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
Harmer, 1926
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF9140C4461249B1585F" bold="true" box="[690,715,1874,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">23</emphasis>
, view of colony on hydroid substratum (NHMUK 1928.9.13.83, lectotype);
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF9142AE46314B8B58BE" bold="true" box="[216,241,1905,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">24</emphasis>
, same, a whorl of three zooids;
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91404E4631492B58BE" bold="true" box="[568,593,1905,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">25</emphasis>
, a whorl of five zooids detached from the substratum; note the development of the gymnocyst (NHMUK 1928.9.13.85, paralectotype);
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF9140DD46CF49BE589C" bold="true" box="[683,708,1935,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">26</emphasis>
, same, a whorl of three zooids detached from the substratum;
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91474A46CF4E2F589C" bold="true" box="[1340,1365,1935,1956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">27</emphasis>
, same, autozooid with the frontal surface inclined at a right angle;
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91417346EE486458FB" bold="true" box="[773,798,1966,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">28</emphasis>
, same, autozooid with the frontal surface inclined at 45º;
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37709FF91470A46EE4EEF58FB" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1966,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">29</emphasis>
, same, basal view of a whorl, with basal fenestrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F4AB66397708FF9042E1458A4FF35BC7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203925/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1204]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="A06B36B17708FF9042E1458A4FF35BC7" blockId="11.[151,1436,1226,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF9042E1458A4A2E5BD8" bold="true" box="[151,340,1226,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 30–33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF90432C458B49D25BD8" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[346,680,1226,1248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90432C458B49685BD8" box="[346,530,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
Harmer, 1926
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF9040C7458B49B05BD8" bold="true" box="[689,714,1227,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">30</emphasis>
, a lateral branching (NHMUK 1928.9.13.83, lectotype);
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90477B458B4E375BD8" bold="true" box="[1293,1357,1227,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31, 32</emphasis>
, caudal branching (NHMUK 1928.9.13.84, paralectotype);
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF9040D645A949C35BC6" bold="true" box="[672,697,1257,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">33</emphasis>
, same, a calcareous rootlet on a lateral zooid.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A06B36B17708FF9042B344674BB05A92" blockId="11.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF9042B344674AEB5A06" box="[197,401,1318,1342]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF9042B344674AEB5A06" box="[197,401,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents some characteristics that depart from other species of the genus. Firstly, the frontal surface of the dilated portion of the zooid is inclined to the substratum at a variable angle, generally about 45° but sometimes as much as 90°. In the other species of the genus the frontal wall is more or less parallel to the substratum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B17708FF9042B344F6487459D6" blockId="11.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Secondly, the budding and production of new branches in the different species of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF90460244F74FC45AF6" box="[1140,1214,1463,1486]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90460244F74FC45AF6" box="[1140,1214,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always takes place from the autozooidal dilatation, whereas
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF904014449B49875ACA" box="[610,765,1498,1522]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF904014449B49875ACA" box="[610,765,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
follows a different pattern. In this species lateral zooids are also produced, but these appear in a terminal position, lack a cauda and are grouped in whorls. However, the ability to creating new branches may not have been totally lost; a calcareous rootlet formed by one of the lateral zooids in a whorl was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B407708FF9043C747074FCF5966" author="Harmer" box="[433,1205,1606,1630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">
Harmer (1926: 319, pl. 15, fig. 14, and
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF904107470648B85966" box="[881,962,1606,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1226,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1205]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Crepis verticillata Harmer, 1926. 30, a lateral branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.83, lectotype); 31, 32, caudal branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.84, paralectotype); 33, same, a calcareous rootlet on a lateral zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203925/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Fig.
<quantity id="672C9B547708FF9041D0470648B85966" box="[934,962,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="33.0">33</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in the present paper)
</bibRefCitation>
, that, in his opinion, may perhaps form the commencement of a new axis. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B407708FF90419B472B4FE259BA" author="Harmer" box="[1005,1176,1642,1666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
stated that he had not observed any branching of the main axis of the colony; however, in the samples NHMUK 1928.9.13.83 (
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF90473747CE4EE9599E" box="[1345,1427,1678,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1226,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1205]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Crepis verticillata Harmer, 1926. 30, a lateral branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.83, lectotype); 31, 32, caudal branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.84, paralectotype); 33, same, a calcareous rootlet on a lateral zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203925/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) and NHMUK 1928.9.13.84 (
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF9043AC47F2492059F2" box="[474,602,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1226,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1205]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Crepis verticillata Harmer, 1926. 30, a lateral branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.83, lectotype); 31, 32, caudal branching (NHMUK 1928.9. 13.84, paralectotype); 33, same, a calcareous rootlet on a lateral zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203925/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 31, 32</figureCitation>
) we found up to four lateral branches, overlooked by the author; these are produced by lateral budding of a new axis from a cauda.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B17708FF9742B347BB4AA35E07" blockId="11.[151,1436,1318,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,428]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
As mentioned above, in some of the colonies of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF90409047BB482C582A" box="[742,854,1786,1810]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sidneyi">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90409047BB482C582A" box="[742,854,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. sidneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="D8C376217708FF9041ED47BA4F77582A" box="[923,1037,1786,1810]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF90466A47BA4FE6582A" box="[1052,1180,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Crepis sidneyi n. sp. 12, a colony on a flat substratum (NHMUK 1882.2. 23.16, holotype); 13, same, detail of branching; 14, autozooids showing long caudae (NHMUK 1929.9. 13.82, paratype); 15, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae; 16, several autozooids, one of them lateral and without cauda (Darwin, photo by D. P. Gordon); 17, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae (photo by D. P. Gordon)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
) and Darwin (
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF90474947BA4BCF580E" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Crepis sidneyi n. sp. 12, a colony on a flat substratum (NHMUK 1882.2. 23.16, holotype); 13, same, detail of branching; 14, autozooids showing long caudae (NHMUK 1929.9. 13.82, paratype); 15, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae; 16, several autozooids, one of them lateral and without cauda (Darwin, photo by D. P. Gordon); 17, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae (photo by D. P. Gordon)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 16, 17</figureCitation>
), there is a tendency towards axial growth, with zooids having long caudae, while the lateral zooids exhibit a very short cauda that is distally curved. In one case, the lateral zooid joins the maternal zooid laterally as in
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF90473946034B945846" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90473946034B945846" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="38EF2A347708FF90428946264A2E5846" box="[255,340,1894,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1808,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,309,1771]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Crepis sidneyi n. sp. 12, a colony on a flat substratum (NHMUK 1882.2. 23.16, holotype); 13, same, detail of branching; 14, autozooids showing long caudae (NHMUK 1929.9. 13.82, paratype); 15, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae; 16, several autozooids, one of them lateral and without cauda (Darwin, photo by D. P. Gordon); 17, same, central autozooids with long caudae and lateral autozooids with short caudae (photo by D. P. Gordon)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203922/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), which inclined
<bibRefCitation id="C4454B407708FF90406A462649BF5846" author="Gordon" box="[540,709,1894,1918]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gordon, D. P. (2009) Baudina gen. nov., constituting the first record of Pasytheidae from Australia, and Sinoflustridae fam. nov., with a checklist of Bryozoa and Pterobranchia from Beagle. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon (2009)</bibRefCitation>
to ascribe specimens from Darwin to this species. This
<typeStatus id="7F6F88137708FF90473D46274E015847" box="[1355,1403,1895,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
of growth could be an adaptation to filiform substrata (erect bryozoans and hydroids); it does not occur in colonies of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF9042E146EF4A7C58FE" box="[151,262,1966,1990]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sidneyi">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF9042E146EF4A7C58FE" box="[151,262,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. sidneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from other substrata. From this perspective, the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D327708FF90464A46EF4FAD58FE" box="[1084,1239,1966,1990]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA37708FF90464A46EF4FAD58FE" box="[1084,1239,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to become one more evolutionary step in this direction, exhibiting a complete adaptation to this
<typeStatus id="7F6F88137708FF9046F346934FCF58D3" box="[1157,1205,2003,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
of substratum. The zooids form whorls around the hydroid, with the lateral zooids losing not only the cauda but also the ability to produce new distal zooids. The ability to produce new axis is then restricted to the central zooid of a whorl, which alone produces a long axial cauda, constituting an evolutionary novelty in the genus. In all cases, the branching seems to occur concurrently with branching of the hydroid, allowing the colony to take advantage of the limited area of available substratum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770FFF9742B3400D48895EB1" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
To conclude, although the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770FFF9740EA400D484D5E5C" box="[668,823,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770FFF9740EA400D484D5E5C" box="[668,823,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may seem at first very different from the other species of
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770FFF9742C340304B855EBF" box="[181,255,368,391]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770FFF9742C340304B855EBF" box="[181,255,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we infer that its characters do not preclude inclusion in this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770FFF9742B140D5480D5E94" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,428]" box="[199,887,404,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770FFF9742B140D54AE85E94" box="[199,402,404,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770FFF9742B140D54AE85E94" box="[199,402,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from western Torres Straits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770FFF9742E1409C4E195C01" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="D2D4C411770F006442E1409B4EE65C01" box="[151,1436,475,825]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="1EE434F3770F006442E1409B4EE65D28" box="[151,1436,475,528]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="5D355D8F770F006442E1409B4AB55D28" box="[151,463,475,528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770FFF9742E1409C4A735EC9" bold="true" box="[151,265,476,497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
Measurements (in 1928.9.13.85, paralectotype)
</th>
<th id="5D355D8F770F006443AD409B49715D28" box="[475,523,475,528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mm)</th>
<th id="5D355D8F770F00644060409B49515D28" box="[534,555,475,528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">of</th>
<taxonomicName id="67D44D32770FFF974040409C48EA5EC9" authority="Harmer, 1926" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1926" box="[566,912,475,498]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cymuloporidae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<th id="5D355D8F770F00644040409B48285D28" box="[566,850,475,528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="92A0EAA3770FFF974040409C49895ECA" box="[566,755,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crepis verticillata</emphasis>
Harmer,
</th>
<th id="5D355D8F770F0064412B409B4F785D28" box="[861,1026,475,528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1926 (NHMUK</th>
</taxonomicName>
<th id="5D355D8F770F00644678409B4E7B5D28" box="[1038,1281,475,528]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1928.9.13.83, lectotype</th>
<th id="5D355D8F770F0064477B409B4E4B5D28" box="[1293,1329,475,528]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">and</th>
<th id="5D355D8F770F0064474A409B4EE65D28" box="[1340,1436,475,528]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NHMUK</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1EE434F3770F006442E1436B4EE65DAC" box="[151,1436,555,660]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="5D355D8F770F006442E1436B4AB55DAC" box="[151,463,555,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Frontal surface length Frontal surface width</th>
<td id="5D355D8F770F00644040436B48285DAC" box="[566,850,555,660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mean SD 0.161 0.0167 0.104 0.0073</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064412B436B4F785DAC" box="[861,1026,555,660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minimum 0.133 0.088</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F00644678436B4E7B5DAC" box="[1038,1281,555,660]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maximum 0.185 0.115</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064474A436B4EE65DAC" box="[1340,1436,555,660]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N 10 10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1EE434F3770F006442E143E84EE65C01" box="[151,1436,680,825]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="5D355D8F770F006442E143E84AB55C01" box="[151,463,680,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Opesia length Opesia width Cauda length Cauda width</th>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064404043E848285C01" box="[566,850,680,825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.066 0.0071 0.068 0.0040 0.489 0.1040 0.034 0.0058</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064412B43E84F785C01" box="[861,1026,680,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.054 0.062 0.388 0.026</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064467843E84E7B5C01" box="[1038,1281,680,825]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.076 0.075 0.674 0.042</td>
<td id="5D355D8F770F0064474A43E84EE65C01" box="[1340,1436,680,825]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10 10 7 8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06B36B1770FFF9742E1421B49CF5C48" blockId="12.[151,693,858,880]" box="[151,693,858,880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SD, Standard deviation; N, number of measurements.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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