192 lines
21 KiB
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192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.404.7234" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53226b75-6005-4389-bc6c-949a2b429882" ID-PMC="PMC4023261" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-404-91" ID-PubMed="24843272" ID-ZBK="E1B904C8A4AE42E990B060E0B1D83042" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-404-91" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 404" ModsDocTitle="DNA barcoding as a screening tool for cryptic diversity: an example from Caryocolum, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" checkinTime="1451245948701" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter, Karsholt, Ole & Mutanen, Marko" docDate="2014" docId="283C87F26065C7009F271B60C5D92744" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 404: 91-111" docOrigin="ZooKeys 404" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.404.7234" docTitle="Caryocolum crypticum Huemer, Karsholt & Mutanen, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="5E1FB9E5-3A65-49C6-80BF-A5CA7C4FFF99" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFB5FF854358FFC0FF93B048FF974574" masterDocTitle="DNA barcoding as a screening tool for cryptic diversity: an example from Caryocolum, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1668158288586" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>DNA barcoding as a screening tool for cryptic diversity: an example from Caryocolum, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>404</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>91</mods:start>
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<mods:end>111</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.404.7234</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.404.7234</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-404-91</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E1B904C8A4AE42E990B060E0B1D83042</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E1B904C8A4AE42E990B060E0B1D83042</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052734" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E1FB9E5-3A65-49C6-80BF-A5CA7C4FFF99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/283C87F26065C7009F271B60C5D92744" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5E1FB9E5-3A65-49C6-80BF-A5CA7C4FFF99" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="93">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2-3, 6-7, 10-11, 14-15
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="93">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
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Holotype: ♀ (Fig. 2), Italia sept., Teriolis merid., Laatsch, 1000 m, 29.6.1987 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene otites" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otites">Silene otites</taxonomicName>
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10.5.), leg. Huemer, slide GEL 1234 ♀ (TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="2" pageNumber="93">
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Paratypes.Italy: 1 ♂, South Tyrol, Vinschgau, Schleiser Leiten, 1350 m, 6.7.2013, leg. Huemer, slide GEL 1215, dna barcode id TLMF Lep 12313 (TLMF); 1 ♂ [without abdomen], same data (TLMF); 1 ♀, same data, but 18.8.2013, slide GEL 1232, dna barcode id TLMF Lep 11883 (TLMF); 1 ♀, same data, but dna
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="94" start="start">barcode</pageBreakToken>
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id TLMF Lep 11882 (TLMF); 1 male [without abdomen], 8 ♀, same data, but 7.9.2013 (TLMF); 1 ♂, South Tyrol, Taufers, 1300 m, 22.8.1978, leg. Burmann, slide GU 86/041 P. Huemer (TLMF). Switzerland: 2 ♀, Wallis, Martigny-Rosel, 460 m, 28.6.-14.7.1983 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene otites" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otites">Silene otites</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Whitebread (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland). Greece: 1 ♀, Larisa, Ossa Oros, 1.5 km N Spilia, 940 m, 13.6.1988 e.l. (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene nutans" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">Silene nutans</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Huemer (TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
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Figures 2-5. Adults. 2
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype 3
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype, female, Greece 4
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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, male, Finland 5
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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, male, Austria.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="95" start="start">Caryocolum</pageBreakToken>
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crypticum
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is externally similar to several other species of the genus and can be best recognized by the largely unmarked forewings with cream costal and tornal spots. From its closest relatives
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum iranicum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicum">Caryocolum iranicum</taxonomicName>
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it differs by the rusty brown distal half of the thorax and the concolorous tegulae, the dark brown forewings with rusty brown scales, and the cream colours of the costal and tornal spots. The male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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are very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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but the valva is more slender and slightly longer (see Figs 6-7, 10-11 versus 8-9, 12-13). The similar
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum iranicum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicum">Caryocolum iranicum</taxonomicName>
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differs by the shape of the sacculus with almost straight dorsal margin (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="127 - 142" title="Neue und wenig bekannte Arten der Gattung Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954, aus Suedwestasien." volume="79" year="1989 b">Huemer 1989b</bibRefCitation>
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: Figs 14-16). However, the most striking diagnostic characters of the new species are found in the female genitalia which differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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particularly by the short lateral sclerites of the ductus bursae and the much longer and more slender signum hook (see Figs 14-15 versus 16-17). The female genitalia furthermore differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum iranicum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicum">Caryocolum iranicum</taxonomicName>
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by the weakly cup-shaped rather than funnel-shaped antrum, shorter lateral sclerites of the ductus bursae, and the shorter apophysis anterior which is almost twice the length of segment VIII in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum iranicum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicum">Caryocolum iranicum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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Figures 6-7. Male genitalia. 6
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype, Italy, slide GU 86/041 P.Huemer 7
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1215 P.Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Adult (Figs 2-3). Wingspan 10.5-14 mm. Segment 2 of labial palpus with a few cream-coloured scales on inner and upper surface, blackish brown on outer and lower surface; segment 3 almost black with light tip. Antenna black, indistinctly lighter ringed. Head with light yellow frons and black neck; thorax blackish brown with rusty brown posterior part; tegulae rusty brown except for blackish brown base. Forewing blackish brown, mottled with some rusty brown, particularly in proximal half; supplementary black spots in fold and in cell obscure; costal and tornal spot small, cream, separated. Hindwing light grey.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Variation. No variation observed except for size, which differs considerably in two reared specimens from Italy and Greece.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Male genitalia (Figs 6-7, 10-11). Uncus subovate; tegumen stout; transtilla membranous; valva moderately short and slender, digitate, apex rounded; sacculus short, with angular ventral and weakly convex dorsal margin, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum with deep medial emargination and slight medial incision, two pairs of short processes developed; saccus long, comparatively broad at base, distal part gradually tapered; phallus long and slender, weakly curved, with some minute cornuti apically.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Female genitalia (Figs 14-15). Segment VIII without processes, subgenital plate sub-triangular, with numerous narrow folds, separated from sclerotized lateral plates by membranous zone; apophysis anterior about length of segment VIII; antrum short, about one quarter length of apophysis anterior, nearly cup-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of short sclerites, extending to middle of apophysis anterior, and with two tiny sclerites anteriorly; signum with crescent-shaped base, long and slender, strongly bent hook.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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Molecular data. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is low with mean intraspecific divergence of 0.21% and maximum intraspecific divergence of 0.31% (n=3). The distance to the nearest neighbour
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum mucronatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatella">Caryocolum mucronatella</taxonomicName>
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is 5.41%, the divergence to the morphologically closest
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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is 6.82%.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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The name
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“crypticum”">"crypticum"</normalizedToken>
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refers to the cryptic morphology of the species and is derived from the latinized adjective crypticus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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The species is known from widely separated localities in northern Italy, Switzerland and Greece, indicating a more widespread distribution in Sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean Europe. However, the host-plants are much more widespread, ranging to northern Europe in the north and to Central Asia in the east. No sympatric occurrence with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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is reported though the two taxa can occur close to one another in the Alps.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="bionomics">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Bionomics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
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The larva has been found in early spring, feeding in the stem of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene otites" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otites">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="96" start="start">Silene</pageBreakToken>
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otites
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Wibel (
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<taxonomicName genus="Caryophyllaceae" lsidName="Caryophyllaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" rank="genus">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Burmann, K" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck" pageId="9" pageNumber="100" pagination="171 - 184" title="Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)." volume="77" year="1990">Burmann 1990</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene nutans" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">Silene nutans</taxonomicName>
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L. (Huemer 1989) but detailed descriptions of feeding habits and larval morphology are missing. The adult occurs from early July (reared material dates from mid-June to mid-July) to September and it is attracted to light.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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prefers xerophilous steppes and rocky habitats with sparse vegetation. Vertical distribution: from about 500 to 1300 m, restricted to mountainous areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<bibRefCitation author="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology)" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="439 - 571" title="A taxonomic revision ofCaryocolum (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." volume="57" year="1988">Huemer (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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already examined females reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene otites" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otites">Silene otites</taxonomicName>
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in Switzerland by Whitebread but in the absence of males considered them as deviating
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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The majority of collected material belongs to females whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
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is mainly known from the male sex. This may indicate differences in attraction to artificial lights or a female-biased sex ratio in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |