385 lines
43 KiB
XML
385 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3A24D18CE81CF389EA2497D8A55E40AB">Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A838707961043C60CD9053959CE57982">Song, Zhi-Shun</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="274B32255D76A4A89CF894CF654D5D23" ID-GBIF-Taxon="147218781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:274B32255D76A4A89CF894CF654D5D23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/274B32255D76A4A89CF894CF654D5D23" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="BBE030400F9E64F5C79B6C1D9D24DF91" ID-CoL="63GWD" ID-ENA="130532" authority="Uhler, 1897" authorityName="Uhler" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus Uhler, 1897</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BE38684366DCEDD2814A77E80E4A6141" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5CE21123EB1A8CCB7485C9F23288B3CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="F46BDA61C1ECEF58B8A5151A6D5BEF54" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anagnia</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="5BCCC84A46EA3C39F0583B4011CEFB43" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1861: 149. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="846BED1FA1CF2E10A50473D0499B7820" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Flata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flata splendens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Flata splendens</taxonomicName>
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Germar, 1830; by original designation and monotypy. Preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="17BA1B0EAC7FABDEC331C751324F3D3C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anagnia</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1854: 446 (
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<taxonomicName id="5A9AD4AFD5D57BDD2FEBF3922565536B" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="5A414FB98E537D164A53174B4A7E1BB3" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="163625BEB082464318A7028F4C26FBC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="0AC4B4CB2F3D95283F9E96DDC2A28A42" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
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Uhler, 1897: 278;
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<bibRefCitation id="040C7B9B98B17BEF64B640B5255E894E" author="Melichar, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 221" title="Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K." volume="7" year="1912">Melichar 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 57. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="B969DC4B89755DF72C0F306388A5CBF1" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
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Uhler, 1897; by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3AD73E0E9617AA3AD2169317AF214991" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4A7F06960961033E54C48719B2F64528" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Udugama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udugama" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Udugama</taxonomicName>
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Melichar, 1903: 27;
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<bibRefCitation id="E7CE4A1FD478F27832AF72B8FEAA0DCF" author="Distant, WL" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota Vol. III (Heteroptera-Homoptera)." year="1906">Distant 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 249. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="F8BE828304CEE5C90935C33342E6656D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Udugama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udugama exoleta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoleta">Udugama exoleta</taxonomicName>
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Melichar, 1903; by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="9E8C8E0B863AB2309605EAF49DBFE04C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="9D14FE36E1429A40BAD5F70870D9117D" author="Oshanin, VT" journalOrPublisher="- Petersbourg" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="385 - 492" title="Verzeichnis der palaearktischen Hemipteren mit besonderer Beruecksichtung ihrer Verteilung im Russischen Reiche. II. Band. Homoptera. III. Lieferung. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St." volume="13" year="1908">Oshanin 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 444.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8C21D8C27CFA72D9744065D6C00421E" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="6DA25B3F6D100EAD5B8750609CF8B04A" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Kareol" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kareol" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kareol</taxonomicName>
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Kirkaldy, 1904: 279. Replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="E988759947AD59EC8077DACE48CE83C9" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anagnia</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="6868C032610C9766297B392178D8B34E" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="716A566A4EB7A8D443BD8CB353118094" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Udugama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Udugama" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Udugama</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="9A43495A5A829F8B5C6F21100FDD49FA" author="Distant, WL" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota Vol. III (Heteroptera-Homoptera)." year="1906">Distant 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 249.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E0B7C5500B09D7AAF0193A0F2B8F08A" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8361376CB2394F7D72E03A9B5F183432" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44411827FA5BC8B54C362C75A1B60041" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="0" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="556ED2CA39050E48BDE577CF9BD3478C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="6A6B1398D428ADB56915F800E4AEC4A7" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="369" rank="tribe" tribe="Orthopagini">Orthopagini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: cephalic process short, truncated in front in dorsal view; vertex with lateral carinae strongly ridged and sub-parallel in basal half, slightly constricted at an
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<pageBreakToken id="9EB985C88A2594A3440CD1683D34A99B" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" start="start">terior</pageBreakToken>
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margin of eyes, median carina sharp and complete; frons with intermediate carinae approaching frontoclypeal suture, median carina complete; pronotum with intermediate carinae distinct in basal half; mesonotum with lateral carinae curving anteriad towards median carina; forewings with a wide sublunate streak on distal half of wing, transverse veins sparse, pterostigmal area with 2-4 cells; fore femora flattened and dilated, with a large and blunt spine near apex; hind tibiae with seven apical teeth; phallobase with inflated membranous paired lobes, with or without numerous small superficial spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="861FBAA7274B098A6B96790590480C11" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4B13E7ECDAE138FD3AAEF8410845B833" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A179C04A6449C19E4692C666ABB9DC9E" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Adult. General colour of body brownish ochraceous to dark brown marbled, with pale green and reddish ochraceous streaks on dorsum (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken id="A2DD35D682E1D67DA01AB568E0C18CC5" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken id="D8AD269FE554009401643D96F9287C04" originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
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). Females distinctly darker than males. Head pale ochraceous with dark brown markings on vertex and frons the extent of which varies among species. Clypeus pale ochraceous basally, with two small dark spots at frontoclypeal suture on each side of median carina, apical half dark brown. Pronotum brownish ochraceous to dark brown, median carina and spots on lateral marginal areas and paranotal lobes pale ochraceous. Mesonotum dark brown, median and lateral carinae, and lateral marginal areas flavescent or greenish. Forewing veins light ochraceous, membrane hyaline to translucent with three dark brown markings: (i) a large sublunate streak extending along the
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<normalizedToken id="B6AAEAF7FDADB4163AD720A5388C2C56" originalValue="posterio–apical">posterio-apical</normalizedToken>
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margin from basal portion of areola postica across apical portions of cells of the medial area to the apex of RP vein; (ii) triangular patch on pterostigma, extending also into radial area (C1 cell) and rarely more mesiad as a dark streak along nodal line; (iii) streak along postclaval wing margin filling out whole inner claval cell (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken id="3DD1E77891C2C834BF6608788C115F8F" originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken id="0C2DC403F1B4A81F4AF011D2C96A89AE" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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). Hind wing veins ochraceous, membrane clear, with a more or less developed dark brown marking along the apical portion of CuA1 vein. Legs pale to dark brown: femora dull ochraceous to fuscous, banded and marked with ivory white; fore and mid tibiae yellowish green to ochraceous with two dark brown transverse bands medially; hind tibiae yellowish green (pale ochraceous in old dry-mounted specimens), with base and apex including lateral and apical spines fuscous; fore and mid tarsi fuscous, hind tarsi ochraceous. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally ochraceous to dark brown, with dark brown or pale ochraceous spots and stripes of various sizes and shape.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="67999B06D0BF7AAD166816CE5B727D1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<paragraph id="5C7699E646FE822C684A79D025F769ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Figure 1. (A)
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<taxonomicName id="57C9635C4ACA5F8B0870D676AB62D814" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
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Uhler, female, Henan, China; (B)
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<taxonomicName id="39AE077C4C2C8CDDD30D560545FAC2BA" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus splendens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Orthopagus splendens</taxonomicName>
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(Germar), male, Yunnan, China. Photographed by Z.-S. Song.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="844E64984ED55B85B8D0C7488892511A" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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<paragraph id="1D2300E98408EAD6103D70A70E3023F8" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
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Figure 2. Habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="E6230280C781E850EB174D32D120162F" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
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species. (A, B)
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<taxonomicName id="722DDE9F4DDAA69D1BA9997DD7569311" lsidName="O. bartletti" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="bartletti">O. bartletti</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male, holotype, Karnataka, India; (C, D)
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<taxonomicName id="8C3E1CCC61FBD7EE83D37CBBC0D45523" lsidName="O. exoletus" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="exoletus">O. exoletus</taxonomicName>
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(Melichar), male and female, Sri Lanka; (E, F)
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<taxonomicName id="A87914D2C7D3C545A93744D9D8FAD211" lsidName="O. hainanensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="hainanensis">O. hainanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., male and female, paratypes, Hainan, China; (G, H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64EEF29A9D21D6A2F43E8D60DBA0476D" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
Uhler, male and female, China; (I, J)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC6085F4E7311A895F005A388AA72BC2" lsidName="O. philippinus" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="philippinus">O. philippinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Melichar, male and female, Philippines; (K, L)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3918ACA26746C9E772889811AE420935" lsidName="O. splendens" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="splendens">O. splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar), male and female, China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="89AF68033D510DD9329998FBE7FE729D" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B98FD46F3530178B043096CC987DF7B" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Figure 3. Forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="963D1365029D77DEA0DCF33C55218884" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C51ED54F8494C10E5309DB01890F9656" lsidName="O. bartletti" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="bartletti">O. bartletti</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.; (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E11B4DBE10C0542098B587E2A0CE163D" lsidName="O. exoletus" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="exoletus">O. exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Melichar); (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17A19D7816B4D7F7B8C39AD98822BFE7" lsidName="O. hainanensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="hainanensis">O. hainanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.; (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E95F287B3A6380F8111FED52A41FB93" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
Uhler; (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7140789084993099AC65C43B0FF642D5" lsidName="O. philippinus" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="philippinus">O. philippinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Melichar; (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4E66DDDF11925EF727CA55F573C37CA" lsidName="O. splendens" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" rank="species" species="splendens">O. splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="555FDA162A3293DD4C963D1C2385ECA9" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Head (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EDAACDECA4AFF5CE8F6BE722EFAFC51" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="01B254157B29669F597AEBF8806C1F36" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D9A4C21B1F43A2BA4FC8888A09BFEB7" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="167494CB4B5102AEF0A3FE3AC9EAB94D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="09B6735EBACC19AAE37E8E43C600951A" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BEA2EF157AA7725F2DF514ECC5DFC673" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) usually produced in a short and stout cephalic process. Vertex (Figs 4A, 5A, 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A) moderately broad, basal width slightly greater than transverse diameter of eyes in dorsal view, posterior plane elevated above pronotum; lateral carinae strongly ridged, foliaceous, and sub-parallel in basal half, slightly constricted at anterior margin of eyes, broadly convex at apex; posterior margin ridged, concave, forming angle of 80-90°; median carina sharp and complete. Frons (Figs 4C, 5C, 6C, 8C, 9C, 10C) with lateral carinae ridged, nearly parallel, slightly expanded outward below antennae; intermediate carinae slightly converging posteriad and approaching frontoclypeal suture; median carina distinct and complete; basal margin of frons projecting anteriad of apex of vertex. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Figs 4C, 5C, 6C, 8C, 9C, 10C) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum long, surpassing base of hind femora; basal segment nearly equal to distal one. Compound eyes large and globose. Ocelli relatively large, reddish. Antennae with very small scape; pedicel large and subglobular, with more than 50 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="35C449367E7AC2ED64D47BF844E4F302" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<paragraph id="6853C8163D617B9160BF30CBA4BC6EDB" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04B1B99768B517D7298A229571D8BEC3" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus bartletti" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">Orthopagus bartletti</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view. (G) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (H) Aedeagus, lateral view. (I) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="88B5B06E35B859118C5F5D177BA867DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C605B6D9B2E77B7D4F2B5BAAB41D8FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B9D1A1E0E5145D6D8437DA4E753F4D2" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus exoletus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoletus">Orthopagus exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Melichar). (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view. (G) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (H) Aedeagus, lateral view. (I) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A322E33C7990FA70811173833A188AE9" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Pronotum (Figs 4A, 5A, 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A) distinctly shorter than mesonotum at midline, anterior margin angularly convex medially, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping down with two long longitudinal carinae on each side, posterior margin concave, forming obtuse angle (100-120°); intermediate carinae distinct in basal half, strongly diverging laterad; median carina sharp and elevated, with a large lateral pit on each side. Mesonotum (Figs 4A, 5A, 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A) tricarinate on disc, lateral carinae converging anteriad towards median carina. Forewings (Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9BAA719341406FF070DEDDCFE3685FC" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) hyaline, ratio of length to width about 3:1; venation with sparse transverse veins; MP bifurcating MP1+2 and MP3+4 near middle and beyond CuA; number of apical cells between R and CuA equal to 14; Pcu and A1 veins fused into a long Pcu+A1 vein at apical 1/5 in clavus; pterostigmal area clear, with 2-4 cells. Legs moderately long; fore femora flattened and dilated, with a large and blunt spine near apex; hind tibiae with 5-7 (mostly six) lateral spines and seven apical teeth; hind tarsomeres I with 18-20 and tarsomeres II with 12-14 apical teeth, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="952F7A33C3F2BA9E0DD51789A622314D" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<paragraph id="49A5160C0E32B0D2D2CA8F76CED4398B" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8105EA06B941C331CDEA46A00C88A2D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus hainanensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">Orthopagus hainanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view. (G) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (H) Aedeagus, lateral view. (I) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="80B9358D77FFC4E11B3A88543986CDD4" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86C24515A0FF6903076D801166ED2586" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D72BEBED313EC7F96421413585938CB" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8272C51EBAE64134500F0C496F448213" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36070EBFE8815E3013145F447DF8555A" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70F5C21B439CEB68F2F505BDE9F03E93" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3509AC817CFF785AC6F6D37EA40CB868" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) in lateral view distinctly wider ventrally than dorsally, dorsal margin slightly excavated to accommodate segment X, dorso-posterior margins angular, produced into a distinct lobe which is short and broad or larger and tooth-like. Gonostyles (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D523B3BD5C4D528085E9708CF2651FA" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7EF14FFC7D7D37405203B906760A0CAC" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB94498F0844128911F2D480F1D3FAED" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0699D9CEBDA3D00B3E4100CCE1AE690A" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9G, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDC881DAC16CCB251E05C64ED4FB18FB" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) symmetrical, with narrow base, expanded toward apex, broadest at apical fourth; dorsal margin with a claw-like, apically sclerotised process directed dorsad, outer dorsal edge with a spiny hook-like sclerotised process near middle directed ventrad. Aedeagus (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="36C2CD97576E3E3F7765F6F708DA5A43" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0202A76BC3110807B3DCE381DA1906C7" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64945D4583D6722DCB93A67ECC7EADAC" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="095F2FE6EFB662A208EC7E1B4884753F" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB2285696C6FA062F5226DB470727CD9" originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4806181BC8A914BCFF1DA025ADD3C7CE" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with one pair of elongate endosomal processes extended from phallobase posteriad and strongly curved dorso-anteriad or laterad; these processes are membranous, acute apically and smooth or bearing numerous minute spines over their entire surface; phallobase sclerotised and pigmented basally, membranous and inflated apically, with paired lobes. Segment X (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFE7BA89760A321EAD5B43DFD85EFA57" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E2A89D9A527E9686C0BD9C41738718B" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D04EA76D8459D6C2483F2FC5DD9B7F55" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA0DD2BC227C8EF3294A8045A3E8D36E" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38317C7AB68D364259446F413E135A5E" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3012C014D2AC9D76DA8DE37F07C1B80" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
) large, in dorsal view with apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style elongate and large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8ED904954D7863BB5DB7EEA1959EE6BB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="1" pageNumber="370">
|
||
Female genitalia. Gonocoxae VIII (Fig. 7D) with two membranous and flattened endogonocoxal processes (Gxp) on endogonocoxal lobe: Gxp1 large and elongate, with a long sclerotized plate in it; Gxp2 smaller and shorter. Gonapophyses VIII (Fig. 7D) with anterior connective lamina large and sclerotized, with seven teeth of varying sizes and shapes. Gonapophyses IX (Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="615B4FFD1CFDC49CE11ECFD7A425DF08" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with posterior connective lamina triangular, symmetrical, fused with intergonocoxal plate at base; intergonocoxal
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4F7963B62C4E5E755C61EB1985CB5D72" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" start="start">plate</pageBreakToken>
|
||
extended cephalad into genital cavity, forming wall of gonospiculum. Gonoplacs (Fig. 7G) with two lobes homologous; lateral lobe large and moderately sclerotized, with long setae at apex; the posterior lobe membranous, containing long sclerotized plate. Segment X (Fig. 7A) large and broad in dorsal view, apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style large and elongate. Female ectodermal genital ducts ditrysian. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FD6BD359030408ACEF6AD475DB50A50E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) superficially membranous, regularly gridded, without sclerotized ornamentations. A pair of large digitiform glands (Fig. 7B) branched at anterior extremity of the anterior vagina on each side of the spermatheca. Spermatheca (Fig. 7B) divided clearly into five parts: orificium receptaculi, ductus receptaculi, diverticulum ductus, pars intermedialis, and glandula apicalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BED85A9A20E165DE2F75C760C8C2037E" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Fifth instar nymph. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0DB6C401CC9E9B277DF77D43FB8C040C" author="Yang, CT" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Entomology Special Publication" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 189" title="Nymphs of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) with descriptions of two new species and notes on adults of Dictyopharidae." volume="8" year="1994">Yang and Yeh (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a detailed description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="53695F14A5A75BAFF2FECB895D86295A" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<paragraph id="3AA015F8B767D24EDE246486CDBF942B" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99C252A7E4FFB72A10192F7C22BE6E37" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus hainanensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">Orthopagus hainanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (A) Female terminalia and ectodermal genital ducts, dorsal view. (B) Female terminalia and ectodermal genital ducts, lateral view. (C) Female terminalia and ectodermal genital ducts, ventral view. (D) Gonapophysis VIII, dorsolateral view. (E) Gonapophysis IX, ventral view. (F) Gonapophysis IX, lateral view. (G) Gonoplacs, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E08115E3A4674A9C56418C5759CB5B3F" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F11769CCEC6FE42C45B0850925C894A" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77A4BAB0C09420069533733FD5AB7475" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
Uhler. (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view. (G) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (H) Aedeagus, lateral view. (I) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EB3D84013109782203E90D0D1EB1127F" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<paragraph id="76078393493DE0129CCAB3E4B295C30C" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46CFA77AAA0F67B0193F08E9EBF88258" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus philippinus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philippinus">Orthopagus philippinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Melichar. (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, caudal view. (G) Gonostyle; (H) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (I) Aedeagus, lateral view. (J) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DB9B13A17DC81BAF561B44E88F5E8DA" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1505357EE1B68878443997B36FD5A2E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7BDD110BC19D5848AE0FB415072AC06" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AAFFB037D99E5D2F0E6A1C0DC45EB7A" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is revised here to include six valid species (see below). The species of the genus are widely distributed in the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic regions from India in the southwest to Japan in the northeast (Fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A5904DB9DF54A4A2A43D365CD82327" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="nomenclatorial remark">
|
||
<paragraph id="CCD126D8CEC2AF7C7C45F267DCBC9BEB" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Nomenclatorial remark on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1847083E5D9CEC0183BA5991A2E67E9C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Dictyophara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyophara indiana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiana">Dictyophara indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, 1851.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEB3AB89D9FB784A8A898F5C05D833BA" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
The identity of one more available species name belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11DEDAA48A06A6345D203181297F7319" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be sufficiently cleared during this study:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C68E055857C7489DCDDD9D7AA8D218C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Dictyophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyophora" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dictyophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46CC15CC5F3CFF4D7C4E83BA67E09405" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha indiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="indiana">indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, 1851: 310 described from India (without more precise locality data). This name was synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B4AF74E76C891963D2521D9D1EC0B6A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia splendens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Anagnia splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar) (now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="700884E2F90F54345F6E1B794F00CA46" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus splendens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Orthopagus splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26ED1ED203300B9E945E02A8DFEC38C9" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" pagination="129 - 153" title="Miscellanea hemopterologica. Entomologische Zeitung." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12401" volume="22" year="1861">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7C0B0F7DE7C43641847AB840478436A3" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1861)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149. However, this synonymy is considered doubtful here because the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="889F9D8C5DF2B4BB9CDB44A8C99D182B" lsidName="D. indiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="indiana">D. indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks diagnostic information and illustrations which would enable recognition of its species identity and the single available type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C86F3CB1550AD13EDFF23D6C12AF06D9" lsidName="D. indiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="indiana">D. indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(deposited in BMNH) could not be directly examined during this study due to its very poor condition which did not allow its sending out for a loan. Based on a photograph kindly provided by M. D. Webb (BMNH), the type specimen belongs to an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57789F74C19E7ED25BADD0AD01795115" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species but it lacks the abdomen and its head has been partly damaged. As the details of the male genitalia and the coloration and proportions of the head, i.e. the characters which are missing or damaged in the type, are the most reliable diagnostic morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32028B269D0AA5FF8F8AD951720E288D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, it is not certain that even a direct examination of the type would help to solve the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="976785B8D14861C2FF1B09E21CA5AACE" lsidName="D. indiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="indiana">D. indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, it is proposed here to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC312D98553E543CCF175FEFFA5A5310" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Dictyophara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyophara indiana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiana">Dictyophara indiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a nomen dubium. Currently, four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87D9DE7FB6EEF98ABBFC6547989C10C6" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are known from the Indian subcontinent:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="051227314A96C7DE4FBF8CED9BD416BF" lsidName="O. bartletti" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="bartletti">O. bartletti</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="709043767562A29489AE61B086C79770" lsidName="O. exoletus" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="exoletus">O. exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08C79AD3FF3AE73EAA6CE28871E33F82" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AD408F2E7ED3203B0F9B1533CF9BC4A" lsidName="O. splendens" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="splendens">O. splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C5F8ECEC215D8012D814A2D3B15BB8" lsidName="O. exoletus" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" rank="species" species="exoletus">O. exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widespread (Fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C655C464A6FBB90825C77BB56D840FD2" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<paragraph id="30D9C71E05B29456019DCAC331BC0984" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0350A370E99796C839995A942E6E6F5C" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus splendens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Orthopagus splendens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar). (A) Head, pronotum and mesonotum, dorsal view. (B) Head and pronotum, lateral view. (C) Head and pronotum, ventral view. (D) Male segment X and pygofer, dorsal view. (E) Male pygofer, gonostyles, and segment X, lateral view. (F) Male pygofer and gonostyles, ventral view. (G) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (H) Aedeagus, lateral view. (I) Aedeagus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E58999BA3B684CA376C2290E19628C38" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<paragraph id="864CAD3AD74F9B79BAE81EC62AB90436" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Figure 11. Geographical distribution of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E960796287BBDC053BAFE5783FBF2CFF" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |