210 lines
25 KiB
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210 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1572A4156C3E79BFC6B01E68B7D0118A">Key to sessile gnesiotrochan rotifers: Families, monospecific species in Flosculariidae, species of Atrochidae, Conochilidae, and Limnias</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09A1512C153EA410A68B713F49C41109">Davies, Natalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="472AB06C4D3A05A5E863AC9B6E613E36">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D02A3813A8B5091BE0ADA7FF08CF2A">Lafleur, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A10E4B6A8B437FE985B214B9097B41F">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C8CB1C0236EF577E419BC4465ECCE9DE">Hochberg, Rick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D6A93C869678163015627F4F5E784044">University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C7F3D08486804D96EC2AABF413477B0">Walsh, Elizabeth J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E51945C746E488AB10411C7B555A7BB4">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E09AAAE2A72E54259E673C153F7BC480">Wallace, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CCEFF4099A89531B51A3D69A1E3E456">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4790C095C25A31996D5E74BB81A84DAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="10510E9AF603B5EB329B1609F2A83D62">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CDDC683BC584AD6401C5600724C1CF98">2024-01-08</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="E7A160E7416AFFA8FF7DD1E6FBA3B0A7" box="[151,1068,946,973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF04336C416AFFA8FF7DD1E6FBA3B0A7" blockId="4.[151,1068,946,973]" box="[151,1068,946,973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
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<heading id="F44C8400416AFFA8FF7DD1E6FBA3B0A7" bold="true" box="[151,1068,946,973]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FF7DD1E6FBA3B0A7" bold="true" box="[151,1068,946,973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
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Order
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FF06D1E6FDDDB0A7" ID-CoL="Z3" authority="Remane, 1933" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[236,594,946,973]" class="Eurotatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="order">Collothecacea Remane, 1933</taxonomicName>
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(= Paedotrocha de Beauchamp, 1965)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E7A160E7416AFFA9FF7DD1AEFAB7B22A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AF04336C416AFFA8FF7DD1AEFC18B632" blockId="4.[151,1437,1018,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FF7DD1AEFEB9B77F" ID-CoL="Z3" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,310,1018,1044]" class="Eurotatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="order">Collothecacea</taxonomicName>
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||
is a cosmopolitan order of two families (
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FCC1D1AEFC23B77F" ID-CoL="6WD" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[811,940,1018,1044]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FC56D1AEFBD6B77F" ID-CoL="8FR" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[956,1113,1018,1044]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Collothecidae</taxonomicName>
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||
) comprising a total of five genera dominated by the genus
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FDFED64AFD00B753" ID-CoL="3SDX" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[532,655,1054,1080]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Collotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FDFED64AFD00B753" box="[532,655,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Collotheca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which possesses ~50 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FBECD64AFABEB752" author="Jersabek, C. D. & Leitner, M. F." box="[1030,1329,1054,1081]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" refId="ref14421" refString="Jersabek, C. D. & Leitner, M. F. (2013) The Rotifer World Catalog. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http: // www. rotifera. hausdernatur. at / Species / Index / 222 (accessed 21 August 2023)" type="url" year="2013">Jersabek & Leitner 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Several characteristics separate this order from other taxa. All species possess uncinate trophi and a contoured anterior end that is elaborated into the infundibulum (L., funnel) (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FD00D632FC51B7EA" author="Hochberg, R. & Yang, H. & Hochberg, A. & Walsh, E. J. & Wallace, R. L." box="[746,990,1126,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref14219" refString="Hochberg, R., Yang, H., Hochberg, A., Walsh, E. J. & Wallace, R. L. (2019) When heads are not homologous: the coronae of larval and adult collothecid rotifers (Rotifera: Monogononta: Collothecaceae). Hydrobiologia, 844, 191 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 018 - 3760 - 3" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Hochberg
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FC88D633FC15B7EB" box="[866,922,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2019
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Prey captured in the infundibulum are moved into a temporary holding chamber called the vestibulum (L., entrance); from there the trophi eventually pull prey into the stomach for digestion. [NB:
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FD87D6FAFCCAB7A2" author="Edmondson, W. T." box="[621,837,1198,1225]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="420 - 494" refId="ref13350" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1959) Rotifera. In: Edmondson, W. T. (Ed.), Freshwater Biology. 2 nd Ediiton. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, pp. 420 - 494." type="book chapter" year="1959">Edmondson (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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reverses identification of these the infundibulum and vestibulum (figure 18.102b) and
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FDE6D687FD3FB786" author="Remane, A." box="[524,688,1235,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 448" refId="ref16387" refString="Remane, A. (1929 - 1933) Rotatoria. In: Grimpe, G. (Ed.), Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches IV. (Vermes). 2 (Aschelminthes). I (Rotatorien, Gastrotrichen und Kinorhychen). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 448. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1929">Remane (1929</bibRefCitation>
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–1933) alternates use of the names in two places (compare figures 159A and 162C).] The margin of the head end may or may not possess lobes or tentacles with cilia and/or setae. All collothecans are raptorial, ambush predators. Predation has been described in
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FBD2D74EFB3CB65F" ID-CoL="3SDX" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[1080,1203,1306,1332]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Collotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FBD2D74EFB3CB65F" box="[1080,1203,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Collotheca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FB0AD74EFF6BB632" author="Meksuwan, P. & Pholpunthin, P. & Segers, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref15266" refString="Meksuwan, P., Pholpunthin, P. & Segers, H. (2013) The Collothecidae (Rotifera, Collothecacea) of Thailand, with the description of a new species and an illustrated key to the Southeast Asian fauna. ZooKeys, 315, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 315.5330" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Meksuwan
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FA89D74FFA1AB65F" box="[1379,1429,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, in
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FEE7D76AFE14B633" ID-CoL="62PQ3" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1882" box="[269,411,1342,1368]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FEE7D76AFE14B633" box="[269,411,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Cupelopagis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FE2ED76AFD46B632" author="Bevington, D. & White, C. & Wallace, R. L." box="[452,713,1342,1369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref11836" refString="Bevington, D., White, C. & Wallace, R. L. (1995) Predatory behaviors of Cupelopagis vorax (Rotifera, Collothecacea; Atrochidae) on protozoan prey. Hydrobiologia, 313 / 314, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00025953" type="journal article" year="1995">
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||
Bevington
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FDAAD76BFDF7B633" box="[576,632,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1995)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FCEAD76BFC1CB632" author="Preza, E." box="[768,915,1343,1369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" refId="ref16284" refString="Preza, E. (2017) Predatory behavior and neuroanatomy of the sessile rotifer, Cupelopagis vorax. Department of Biological Sciences. The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, pp. 70" type="book" year="2017">Preza (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="AF04336C416AFFA8FF2DD736FA88B5F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1018,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
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Generally, these rotifers possess elongate bodies, including a long slender foot. In adults of
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FB05D736FAE5B617" ID-CoL="3SDX" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[1263,1386,1378,1404]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Collotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FB05D736FAE5B617" box="[1263,1386,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Collotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FF7DD7D2FEB4B6CB" ID-CoL="7N2D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,315,1414,1440]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Stephanoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FF7DD7D2FEB4B6CB" box="[151,315,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Stephanoceros</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FEA3D7D2FE67B6CB" ID-CoL="8FR" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[329,488,1414,1440]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Collothecidae</taxonomicName>
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||
) the infundibulum is usually edged with cilia or setae; in adults of
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FB27D7D2FAABB6CB" ID-CoL="NWD" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[1229,1316,1414,1440]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FB27D7D2FAABB6CB" box="[1229,1316,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Acyclus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FADBD7D2FA1AB6CB" ID-CoL="62DVT" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1329,1429,1414,1440]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FADBD7D2FA1AB6CB" box="[1329,1429,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Atrochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FF2CD7FEFEDBB6AF" ID-CoL="62PQ3" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1882" box="[198,340,1450,1476]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Cupelopagis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FF2CD7FEFEDBB6AF" box="[198,340,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Cupelopagis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FE88D7FEFE6DB6AF" ID-CoL="6WD" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[354,482,1450,1476]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Atrochidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) these are absent. External gelatinous tubes that surround adult females are present in three genera:
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FEC7D79AFD84B683" box="[301,523,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FEC7D79AFE08B683" ID-CoL="NWD" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1882" box="[301,391,1486,1512]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Acyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Acyclus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FE7AD79AFD84B683" ID-CoL="3SDX" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[400,523,1486,1512]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Collotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Collotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FDAFD79AFD7EB683" box="[581,753,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FDAFD79AFD63B683" ID-CoL="7N2D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[581,748,1486,1512]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Stephanoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">Stephanoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unlike the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FC08D79AFB0BB683" ID-CoL="623SQ" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[994,1156,1486,1512]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Flosculariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no collothecaceans form colonies. However, aggregations of densities above 6 individuals mm
|
||
<superScript id="58CE9E24416AFFA8FC49D7A6FC24B56B" attach="left" box="[931,939,1522,1536]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">2</superScript>
|
||
have been reported (Wallace & Edmondson 1986). These clusters probably do not represent contagious settlement by the larvae as is seen in barnacles. Rather, they may indicate recruitment due to a factor(s) associated with the surface of the preferred plant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FB1AD46EFA1FB53E" author="Wallace, R. L." box="[1264,1424,1594,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="181 - 193" refId="ref17471" refString="Wallace, R. L. (1980) Ecology of sessile rotifers. Hydrobiologia, 73, 181 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00019445" type="journal article" year="1980">Wallace 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As in the sessile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FEBBD40AFE7CB513" ID-CoL="623SQ" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1933" box="[337,499,1630,1656]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Flosculariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FE17D40AFDF7B513" ID-CoL="3SDX" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[509,632,1630,1656]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" genus="Collotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FE17D40AFDF7B513" box="[509,632,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Collotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses several planktonic species. The monospecific genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FAD2D40AFA13B513" ID-CoL="62DVT" authorityName="Wierzejski" authorityYear="1893" box="[1336,1436,1630,1656]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Atrochidae" genus="Atrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FAD2D40AFA13B513" box="[1336,1436,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Atrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not affix permanently to surfaces and is capable of some crawling movement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FBD4D4D6FB74B5F6" author="Wierzejski, A." box="[1086,1275,1666,1693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="696 - 712" refId="ref18344" refString="Wierzejski, A. (1893) Atrochus tentaculatus nov. gen. et sp. Ein Raderthier ohne Raderorgan. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 55, 696 - 712. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1893">Wierzejski 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C416AFFA8FF2DD4F2FCE7B43A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1018,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">
|
||
The etymon for both the order and one family (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FD3AD4F2FC0EB5AB" box="[720,897,1702,1728]" order="Collothecaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="497" rank="order">Collothecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FC61D4F2FBA7B5AB" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1959" box="[907,1064,1702,1728]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Collothecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collothecacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Collothecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) refers to the gelatinous tube (G.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FF7DD49EFF40B58F" box="[151,207,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">collo</emphasis>
|
||
, glue + G.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FEBCD49EFE1CB58F" box="[342,403,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">theca</emphasis>
|
||
, case). However, into the early part of this century, collothecids were known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF416AFFA8FAF0D49EFA12B58F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1798" box="[1306,1437,1738,1764]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Floscularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FAF0D49EFA12B58F" box="[1306,1437,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Floscularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E416AFFA8FF20D4BAFEA1B463" box="[202,302,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">flosculus</emphasis>
|
||
, little flower), which to many observers is a better allusion to their form: a flower-shaped animal situated on a long foot stalk with a funnel-shaped head possessing numerous radiating setae. Nevertheless, for reasons of priority both names were changed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D416AFFA8FD52D562FCEBB43A" author="Harring, H. K." box="[696,868,1846,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501" pagination="387 - 405" refId="ref13971" refString="Harring, H. K. (1913) A list of the Rotatoria of Washington and vicinity, with descroptions of a new genus and ten new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 387 - 405." type="journal article" year="1913">Harring (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C416AFFA8FF2DD50EFB12B48B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1018,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="501">Larval collothecids are small (~100–500 μm), often spindle shaped, and with a pair of red eyespots just below a ciliated corona; these are lost in the adults of species that are permanently attached. Organ systems are not well developed and there is often a ciliated cavity at the base of their foot. Only after settlement do they begin metamorphosis to the adult body form and secrete an extracorporeal tube around their body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C416BFFA9FF2DD2C3FAB7B22A" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="502">Diagnosis. Corona bowl- to funnel-shaped, narrowing at its base, the margin is edged with long setae or short cilia (both often motionless), or cilia and setae lacking. The corona may be elaborated into lobes or tentacles (arms) or lobes absent. Mastax enlarged into a storage chamber (proventriculus). Trophi uncinate. Foot elongate, retractile, but not within the body. Foot ends with attachment disk or peduncle; toes absent. Most species secrete clear gelatinous tubes. Mainly sessile species, but several planktonic and ≥ 1 benthic species. All collothecans are solitary.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |