239 lines
30 KiB
XML
239 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="560412DF1BFD556B38AFF3DECA650CDB">Key to sessile gnesiotrochan rotifers: Families, monospecific species in Flosculariidae, species of Atrochidae, Conochilidae, and Limnias</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62B959D0913B193CD5CF1052E8A8E7CA">Davies, Natalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48EB936343990D82494A761CA98CAE61">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6F5A388D683A057A34CC753B980F035">Lafleur, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2750A053E5C85998CD21D657609C729C">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="931035BBD0FBC7F43507FE2B4F72FB8C">Hochberg, Rick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D61EC44F4AFD7EDA8ACB996F4D428D46">University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A58176D070560F086634D162DD23BC02">Walsh, Elizabeth J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E666E7E129880AD699EA3670C76902C8">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="310C2C2A93B7FAA7F6D8671C816227AB">Wallace, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77BCD4D86277BC9A6ED775151892175A">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3CEBE8CB77837BECD558395FBFA4C27E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A6622E6CAB500A15BC8F86901C57DD98">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64201B84BF911023B027537055A25C86">2024-01-08</mods:number>
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF1DD44DFDDCB55F" ID-CoL="8HR" ID-ENA="360646" authority="Harring, 1913" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[247,595,1561,1588]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">
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Conochilidae
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FE48D44DFDDCB55F" author="Harring, H. K." box="[418,595,1561,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="387 - 405" refId="ref13971" refString="Harring, H. K. (1913) A list of the Rotatoria of Washington and vicinity, with descroptions of a new genus and ten new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 387 - 405." type="journal article" year="1913">Harring, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="AF04336C4166FFA4FF7DD436FB67B48F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1634,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF05D436FE0BB517" ID-CoL="8HR" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[239,388,1634,1660]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Conochilidae</taxonomicName>
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was separated into two genera (
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FD12D436FCF7B517" ID-CoL="3TBQ" box="[760,888,1634,1660]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FD12D436FCF7B517" box="[760,888,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochilus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FC5BD436FBDCB517" authorityName="Hlava" authorityYear="1904" box="[945,1107,1634,1660]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochiloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FC5BD436FBDCB517" box="[945,1107,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochiloides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FB60D436FAACB517" author="Hlava, S." box="[1162,1315,1634,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref14015" refString="Hlava, S. (1904) Einige Bemerkungen uber die Exkretionsorgane der Radertierfamilie Melicertidae und die Aufstellung eines neues Genus Conochiloides. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 247 - 253. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1904">Hlava (1904)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. However,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FF7DD4D2FE11B5CB" author="Ruttner-Kolisko, A." box="[151,414,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref16485" refString="Ruttner-Kolisko, A. (1974) Planktonic rotifers: biology and taxonomy. Die Binnengewasser Supplement, 26, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1974">Ruttner-Kolisko (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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||
argued that the separation was not warranted and subsumed
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FBAED4D2FB69B5CB" authorityName="Hlava" authorityYear="1904" box="[1092,1254,1670,1696]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochiloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FBAED4D2FB69B5CB" box="[1092,1254,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochiloides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
back into genus
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<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF7DD4FEFE98B5AF" ID-CoL="3TBQ" box="[151,279,1706,1732]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF7DD4FEFE98B5AF" box="[151,279,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochilus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. While this practice has continued (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FD5AD4FEFC61B5AE" author="Fontaneto, D. & De Smet, W. H." box="[688,1006,1706,1733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="217 - 300" refId="ref13485" refString="Fontaneto, D. & De Smet, W. H. (2015) Rotifera. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Vol. 3. Gastrotricha and Gnathifera. Vol. 3. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 217 - 300. [http: // www. degruyter. com / view / product / 180465? format = G]" type="book chapter" year="2015">Fontaneto & De Smet 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FC11D4FEFB0EB5AF" author="Koste, W." box="[1019,1153,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" refId="ref14818" refString="Koste, W. (1978) Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. 2 Vols. Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 673 pp. (text), Tafel 234 pp. (tafel) [in German]" type="book" year="1978">Koste 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), some workers have not followed this change (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FE72D49AFD7EB582" author="Bielanska-Grajner, I. & Ejsmont-Karabin, J. & Radwan, S." box="[408,753,1742,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" refId="ref11954" refString="Bielanska-Grajner, I., Ejsmont-Karabin, J. & Radwan, S. (2015) Rotifers (Rotifera): Freshwater Fauna of Poland. Vol. 32. Freshwater Fauna of Poland. Jagiellonian University Press, Krakow, 580 pp." type="book" year="2015">
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Bielańska-Grajner
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FD9BD49BFD22B583" box="[625,685,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FCEAD49AFC01B583" author="Pontin, R. M." box="[768,910,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" refId="ref16229" refString="Pontin, R. M. (1978) A key to British freshwater planktonic Rotifera. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, 178 ppp." type="book" year="1978">Pontin 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FC77D49AFBEBB583" author="Stemberger, R. S." box="[925,1124,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" refId="ref17113" refString="Stemberger, R. S. (1979) A guide to rotifers of the Laurentian Great Lakes. US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio and National Technical Information Service (PB 80 - 101280), Springfield, Virginia, 185 pp." type="book" year="1979">Stemberger 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FB90D49AFA13B583" author="Segers, H. & Wallace, R. L." box="[1146,1436,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="37 - 48" refId="ref16864" refString="Segers, H. & Wallace, R. L. (2001) Phylogeny and classification of the Conochilidae (Rotifera, Monogononta, Flosculariacea). Zoologica Scripta, 30, 37 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2001.00048. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Segers & Wallace (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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||
added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF09D4A6FE0CB467" ID-CoL="3TBP" authorityName="Segers & Wallace" authorityYear="2000" box="[227,387,1778,1804]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF09D4A6FE0CB467" box="[227,387,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochilopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
to the family; it comprises a single species, originally described as a member of the genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF7DD542FD9BB45A" ID-CoL="59VL" authority="(Vidrine et al. 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Vidrine" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[151,532,1814,1841]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Flosculariidae" genus="Lacinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF7DD542FE94B45B" box="[151,283,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Lacinularia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FEC6D542FD83B45A" author="Vidrine, M. F. & McLaughlin, R. E. & Willis, O. R." box="[300,524,1814,1841]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="187 - 193" refId="ref17383" refString="Vidrine, M. F., McLaughlin, R. E. & Willis, O. R. (1985) Free-swimming colonial rotifers (Monogononta: Flosculariacea: Flosculariidae) in Southwestern Louisiana rice fields. Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 4, 187 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1467160" type="journal article" year="1985">
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||
Vidrine
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FE66D543FE48B45B" box="[396,455,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1985
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Species secrete a gelatinous matrix that affords protection from the predatory rotifer
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FF0DD56EFDD2B43F" ID-CoL="HJPK" authority="Guerne, 1888" authorityName="Guerne" authorityYear="1888" box="[231,605,1850,1876]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Asplanchnidae" genus="Asplanchna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="girodi">
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||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FF0DD56EFE37B43F" box="[231,440,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Asplanchna girodi</emphasis>
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||
Guerne, 1888
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FD84D56EFC8AB43F" author="Gilbert, J. J." box="[622,773,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="87 - 91" refId="ref13735" refString="Gilbert, J. J. (1980) Observations on the susceptibility of some protists and rotifers to predation by Asplanchna girodi. Hydrobiologia, 73, 87 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 9209 - 2 _ 17" type="journal article" year="1980">Gilbert 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In
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||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4166FFA4FCD7D56EFA83B43F" ID-CoL="XQM6" authority="(Schrank, 1803)" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[829,1292,1850,1876]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="hippocrepis">
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<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4166FFA4FCD7D56EFBC6B43F" box="[829,1097,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Conochilus hippocrepis</emphasis>
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(Schrank, 1803)
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</taxonomicName>
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, colony size increases in diameter (number of individuals) in relation to the size of a sympatric predatory copepod (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FAD7D50AFEE0B4F7" author="Dieguez, M. & Balseiro, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="421 - 425" refId="ref13146" refString="Dieguez, M. & Balseiro, E. (1998) Colony size in Conochilus hippocrepis: defensive adaptation to predator size. Hydrobiologia, 387 / 388, 421 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1017042610913" type="journal article" year="1998">Diéguez and Balseiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The gelatinous matrix is often colonized by bacteria (including cyanobacteria), algae, and protozoans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37802FE94166FFA4FEC9D5F2FEE8B4AA" box="[291,359,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Species of Conochilidae. A. Conochilus hippocrepis (Schrank, 1803); B. Conochilus unicornis Rousselet, 1892; C. Conochilus coenobasis (Skorikov, 1914); D. Conochilus exiguus (Ahlstrom, 1938). This amphoteric female is evidenced by presence of a subitaneous embryo and a smaller male embryo. (The cone-lip is evident in C and D.) The foot in the variation of C. unicornis (C. norvegicus) is much longer (~4x) (see below). E. Examples of reported variation in the fusion of antennae in the Conochilus: consult Edmondson (1959) and Pejler (1956). Bars: 500 µm (A,B); 100 µm (C,D). (E. Redrawn from original art provided by W.T. Edmondson.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469063/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="505">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FE6AD5F2FD0AB4AA" author="Balvay, G. & Druart, J." box="[384,645,1958,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="257 - 260" refId="ref11651" refString="Balvay, G. & Druart, J. - C (1995) Coexistence of Conochilus unicornis with C. hippocrepis in lake Geneva, and commensal organisms found in their gelatinous matrix. Archives des sciences / editees par la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 48, 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="1995">Balvay & Druart 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally population crashes occur due to parasites invading the perivisceral cavity (blastocoel) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4166FFA4FE15D59EFD76B48F" author="Ruttner-Kolisko, A." box="[511,761,1994,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="505" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref16509" refString="Ruttner-Kolisko, A. (1977) The effect of the microsporid Plistophora asperospora on Conochilus unicornis in Lunzer Untersee (LUS). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 8, 135 - 137." type="journal article" year="1977">Ruttner-Kolisko 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Colonies tumble (rotate) while swimming.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FBC463E44167FFA5FF7DD7FAFE79B511" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10469063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469063/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" startId="9.[151,250,1454,1478]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C4167FFA5FF7DD7FAFE79B511" blockId="9.[151,1436,1454,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FF7DD7FAFE9BB6AD" bold="true" box="[151,276,1454,1478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FE64D7FAFD97B6AD" authorityName="Harring" authorityYear="1913" box="[398,536,1454,1478]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="family">Conochilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FDA9D7FAFC6BB6AD" authority="(Schrank, 1803)" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[579,996,1454,1478]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="hippocrepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FDA9D7FAFCBAB6AD" box="[579,821,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochilus hippocrepis</emphasis>
|
||
(Schrank, 1803)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FBE5D7FAFA16B6AD" authority="Rousselet, 1892" authorityName="Rousselet" authorityYear="1892" box="[1039,1433,1454,1478]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FBE5D7FAFB65B6AD" box="[1039,1258,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochilus unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Rousselet, 1892
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FF5FD786FDDAB681" authority="(Skorikov, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Skorikov" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[181,597,1490,1514]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="coenobasis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FF5FD786FE2FB681" box="[181,416,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochilus coenobasis</emphasis>
|
||
(Skorikov, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FD94D786FC70B681" authority="(Ahlstrom, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Ahlstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[638,1023,1490,1514]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="exiguus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FD94D786FCCBB681" box="[638,836,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochilus exiguus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4167FFA5FCB8D786FC78B681" author="Ahlstrom, E. H." box="[850,1015,1490,1514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" pagination="88 - 110" refId="ref11622" refString="Ahlstrom, E. H. (1938) Plankton Rotatoria from North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 54, 88 - 110." type="journal article" year="1938">Ahlstrom, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This amphoteric female is evidenced by presence of a subitaneous embryo and a smaller male embryo. (The cone-lip is evident in C and D.) The foot in the variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FF7DD44FFE9AB559" authorityName="Rousselet" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,277,1563,1586]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="unicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FF7DD44FFE9AB559" box="[151,277,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">C. unicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FECFD44FFE3DB559" authorityName="Burckhardt" authorityYear="1943" box="[293,434,1563,1586]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FECFD44FFEB9B559" box="[293,310,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FEA9D44FFE3DB559" box="[323,434,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is much longer (~4x) (see below). E. Examples of reported variation in the fusion of antennae in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FF57D46AFEBFB53D" box="[189,304,1598,1622]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FF57D46AFEBFB53D" box="[189,304,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: consult
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4167FFA5FE64D46AFDDEB53D" author="Edmondson, W. T." box="[398,593,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" pagination="420 - 494" refId="ref13350" refString="Edmondson, W. T. (1959) Rotifera. In: Edmondson, W. T. (Ed.), Freshwater Biology. 2 nd Ediiton. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, pp. 420 - 494." type="book chapter" year="1959">Edmondson (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4167FFA5FD6ED46AFC82B53D" author="Pejler, B." box="[644,781,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" pagination="246 - 261" refId="ref16185" refString="Pejler, B. (1956) Introgression in planktonic Rotatoria with some points of view on its causes and conceivable Results. Evolution, 10 (3), 246 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2406010" type="journal article" year="1956">Pejler (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Bars: 500 µm (A,B); 100 µm (C,D). (E. Redrawn from original art provided by W.T. Edmondson.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C4167FFA5FF2DD498FCD5B438" blockId="9.[151,1436,1740,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">
|
||
The etymon for this genus (G.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FDD8D499FDE7B58D" box="[562,616,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">cono</emphasis>
|
||
, a cone + G.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FCE5D498FCDDB58D" box="[783,850,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">chilus</emphasis>
|
||
, a lip) was given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4167FFA5FBA2D498FA80B58C" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[1096,1295,1740,1767]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" pagination="145 - 336" refId="ref13401" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834) Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntnis grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Abhandlungen der K ˆ niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 145 - 336. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1834">Ehrenberg (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because the apical field—the fleshy region surrounded by the corona—is inflated by two cone-shaped, lip-like structures located on either side of the mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37802FE94167FFA5FE0FD540FDA3B445" box="[485,556,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,793,817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,770]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,381,770]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cone-like lips that flank the mouth in Conochilidae. (A) Schematic lateral view. (B) Specimen in vivo. Symbols: cl = cone-lip; m = mastax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10469065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10469065/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This structure appears to be depicted in individuals (2 of 7) in figure 3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68BB48EF4167FFA5FF7DD56CFDCAB439" box="[151,581,1848,1875]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Conochilidae" genus="Conochiloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="causeyae" subGenus="Lacinularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FF7DD56CFEB6B439" box="[151,313,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Conochiloides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FEA3D56CFE42B439" box="[329,461,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Lacinularia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FE34D56DFDCAB439" box="[478,581,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">causeyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB2A4E9D4167FFA5FD84D56CFCD9B438" author="Vidrine, M. F. & McLaughlin, R. E. & Willis, O. R." box="[622,854,1848,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="506" pagination="187 - 193" refId="ref17383" refString="Vidrine, M. F., McLaughlin, R. E. & Willis, O. R. (1985) Free-swimming colonial rotifers (Monogononta: Flosculariacea: Flosculariidae) in Southwestern Louisiana rice fields. Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 4, 187 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1467160" type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Vidrine
|
||
<emphasis id="9DCFEF7E4167FFA5FD23D56DFC8EB439" box="[713,769,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF04336C4167FFA6FF2DD508FE9BB20E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1740,2019]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="9" pageNumber="506">Diagnosis. Apical field with two inflated, cone-shaped, lip-like structures located centrally or dorsally. Corona circular to horseshoe-shaped, as a double ciliated band (trochus and cingulum) with a prominent ventral gap in the cilia present or not. Body shape conical; illoricate integument with unsegmented foot lacking toes. Paired ventral (lateral) antennae separate or fused to various degrees, within or below coronal field; dorsal antenna absent or minute. Two dorsal eyes beneath corona. U-shaped intestine, anus exiting just above the margin of the gelatinous matrix. Trophi malleoramate: rami symmetrical or slightly to strongly asymmetrical; unci with 3–6 club-shaped (clavate) teeth near fulcrum, (number and form of clavate teeth may be different on each side); numerous, thin accessory teeth beyond clavate ones (distal to fulcrum). Planktonic, either solitary or small to large colonies (5 to>400 or more individuals per colony). Animals clustered within a gelatinous mass produced by glands in foot. Oviparous.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |