593 lines
54 KiB
XML
593 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.48701" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ba73da02-0b81-4996-ace8-dbb9b35d23eb" ID-PMC="PMC7381719" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-948-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F557564AE17F51D495732AB347E60193" ID-PubMed="32765172" ID-ZooBank="A4DA6A84D9A9452DBB07300D6F5A2F02" ModsDocID="1313-2970-948-75" checkinTime="1594659651249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hoenle, Philipp O., Lattke, John E., Donoso, David A., Beeren, Christoph von, Heethoff, Michael, Schmelzle, Sebastian, Argoti, Adriana, Camacho, Luis, Stroebel, Bernhard & Bluethgen, Nico" docDate="2020" docId="268A14A5E98A5D55A3741954A79D3BEA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 948: 75-105" docOrigin="ZooKeys 948" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.48701" docTitle="Odontomachus davidsoni Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6FF7413B-42DA-4386-87D4-09C8FB06F70D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="F557564AE17F51D495732AB347E60193" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="F557564AE17F51D495732AB347E60193" masterDocTitle="Odontomachus davidsoni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), a new conspicuous trap-jaw ant from Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668169092910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Odontomachus davidsoni sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), a new conspicuous trap-jaw ant from Ecuador</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hoenle, Philipp O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lattke, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Donoso, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador & Centro de Investigacion de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climatico, Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica, Quito EC 170103, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beeren, Christoph von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heethoff, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-4871</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmelzle, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Argoti, Adriana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Camacho, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stroebel, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bluethgen, Nico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>948</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>105</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.48701</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.48701</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-948-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A4DA6A84D9A9452DBB07300D6F5A2F02</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F557564AE17F51D495732AB347E60193</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165073683" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6FF7413B-42DA-4386-87D4-09C8FB06F70D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/268A14A5E98A5D55A3741954A79D3BEA" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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||
<taxonomicName LSID="268A14A5-E98A-5D55-A374-1954A79D3BEA" authority="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni" status="sp. nov.">Odontomachus davidsoni Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="75">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Odontomachus davidsoni sp. nov. stacking pictures A Worker paratype (specimen PE 23 _ 01) B Queen paratype (specimen PE 24 _ 01). Additional pictures in Suppl. material 7. Scale bars: 2 mm (left); 5 mm (right)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431594" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. 3 D models of Odontomachus davidsoni sp. nov. A 3 D scan of Odontomachus holotype (PE 39 _ 01). B 3 D scan of queen (PE 24 _ 01). Additional 3 D models of two more paratypes in Suppl. material 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431595" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 3</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Complete list of localities in Suppl. material 9. Unique museum specimen identifiers are given in brackets after each specimen identification code.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5281" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5281">0.5281N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2070" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.207">79.2070W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 330 m; 21 February 2019; P. Hoenle & G. Villagomez leg.; collection code PE39; single worker near large fig tree in mature forest.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431594" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. stacking pictures
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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Worker paratype (specimen PE23_01)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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Queen paratype (specimen PE24_01). Additional pictures in Suppl. material 7. Scale bars: 2 mm (left); 5 mm (right).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431595" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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3D models of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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||
3D scan of
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||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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holotype (PE39_01).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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3D scan of queen (PE24_01). Additional 3D models of two more paratypes in Suppl. material 8.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="holotype specimen">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Holotype specimen.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 1 worker; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5281" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5281">0.5281N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2070" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.207">79.2070W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 330 m; 21 February 2019; P. Hoenle & G. Villagomez leg.; collection code PE39; single worker near large fig tree in mature forest; specimen code PE39_01; [MEPN5074].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="paratype workers">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Paratype workers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 3 workers; Esmeraldas, Reserva Rio Canande;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5252" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5252">0.5252N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2079" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2079">79.2079W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 320 m; 04 February 2019; P. Hoenle & A. Argoti leg.; collection code PE23; hand sampling on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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tree, same location as Odonto_Phil; specimen codes PE23_01, PE23_02, PE,_23_03; [MCZ-ENT00731935].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 2 workers; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="00.5263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5263">00.5263N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2117" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2117">79.2117W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 310 m; 06 February 2019; P. Hoenle leg.; collection code PE25; workers on recently large, fallen tree; specimen codes PE25_01, PE25_02; [RBINS IG 34167].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 4 workers; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5238">0.5238N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2130" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.213">79.2130W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 330 m; 11 February 2019; P. Hoenle leg.; collection code PE36; nest in fallen branch in secondary forest (former cacao plantation); specimen codes PE36_01[RBINS IG 34167]; PE36_02, PE36_03, PE36_04; [MEPN_5075].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 4 workers; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5252" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5252">0.5252N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2079" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2079">79.2079W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 320 m; 29 May 2018; P. Hoenle & A. Argoti leg.; collection code Odonto_Phil; hand sampling on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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tree. Same colony as PE23; One point-mounted worker;specimen code: Odon_Phil_02 [DZUP 548819], (BOLD ID: ODECU002-19) and one point-mounted worker with the same locality data but collected on 20 May 2018, specimen code Odon_Phil_01 [DZUP 548820]; (BOLD ID: ODECU001-19); Two workers mounted with permanent glue on top of needle specimen codes Odon_Phil_3, Odon_Phil_4; [PH private collection]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="paratype queens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Paratype queens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 2 queens; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5263">0.5263N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2129" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2129">79.2129W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 340 m; 25 January 2019; P. Hoenle leg.; collection code PE24; 2 alate queens, ex. light trap at the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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station, 8 pm.; specimen codes PE24_01 [MCZ-ENT00731935], PE24_02 [MEPN_5076].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 1 queen; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5263">0.5263N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2129" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2129">79.2129W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 340 m; 13 April 2019; P. Hoenle leg.; collection code PE87, 1 alate queen, ex. light trap at the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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station, 9 pm.; specimen code PE87_01; [RBINS IG 34167].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 1 queen; Esmeraldas, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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||
;
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5263">0.5263N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2129" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.2129">79.2129W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 340 m; 09 May 2018; P. Hoenle & A. Argoti leg.; collection code Odon_Phil_queen; ex. light trap at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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Lodge; specimen code Odon_Phil_queen_01; [PH private collection].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Ecuador • 1 queen; Esmeraldas, Kumanii Lodge near Cotocachi-Cayapas Reserve;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.7539" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.7539">0.7539N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate degrees="78.9208" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.9208">78.9208W</geoCoordinate>
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; ca. 40 m; 14 April 2006; L. Camacho leg.; ex. light tap; [QCAZI 15167].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="specimens used for 3d scan">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Specimens used for 3D scan:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1 holotype worker (PE39_01), 1 paratype worker (PE23_01), 1 paratype worker (PE36_01), 1 paratype queen (PE24_01)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="specimens used for dna barcoding">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Specimens used for DNA barcoding:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Paratype workers DZUP 548819 (BOLD ID: ODECU002-19) & DZUP 548820 (BOLD ID: ODECU001-19)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis of workers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3): HL 3.91-4.09, HoW 2.67-2.76, HvW 1.65-1.74, ML 2.62-2.70, SL 4.22-4.43, EL 0.62-0.71, MsL 6.00-6.20, PrW 1.49-1.57, PtW 0.59-0.64, PtL 1.53-1.57, PtH 2.20-2.23, FL 5.28-5.37, CI 67.48-68.53, SI 158.05-160.74, MI 65.28-69.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Long (TL> 17 mm), but slender, ferruginous to yellow brown body with striae on cephalic dorsum from antennal insertions to vertex, mandible with over 15 pre-apical teeth and denticles, pronotal dorsum with concentric to transverse striae. Petiole strongly pedunculate with posteriorly inclined apical spine, gaster smooth and shining.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description of the holotype worker.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Head elongate in dorsal view, anterior and posterior margins approximately of same width, posterior cephalic margin mostly transverse; head widest across eyes, at anterior one-third of head length; lateral cephalic margin posterior to eye sinuous. Median furrow deep, extends anterad to antennal fossa where it fades; occipital ridge distinctly delineated by antennal fossa, extending posteromedially, joining broad ridge that runs parallel to median furrow. Extraocular furrow broad and shallow, temporal prominence broad and weakly elevated. Cephalic surface with well-defined striae that diverge posterad from between frontal carina, reaching vertex, striae fade away on most of lateral cephalic surface with some striae reaching posteroventral cephalic surface. Ocular ridge smooth closest to eye and striate towards cephalic median region. Cephalic dorsal surface anterad of eye and between eye and antennal sclerite mostly smooth. Scape slender and slightly arched, SL longer than HL, scape widest just anterad of mid length, finely punctulate; funicular segment elongated and slender, segment I half as long as segment II.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Median clypeus mostly smooth and shining, posteriorly projecting as flattened triangular surface between frontal carina; carina defines narrow elevated region that descends posteriorly and extends to antennal fossa; frontal carina narrow, width not greater than scape width; carina steeply elevated over posteromedian clypeal surface. Ventral cephalic surface mostly smooth and shining. Labium drop-shaped, anteroventral surface very convex, PF 4,4. Buccal cavity with lateral hypostomal tooth. Mandibular masticatory margin with basal row of six denticles and eleven blunt triangular, relatively short teeth apicad of denticles. One or more teeth closest to apex may be broken. Mandibular apex tridentate, ventral tooth with basal tooth. Mandibular dorsal surface mostly smooth, with sparse piligerous punctulae, but dorsolaterally with abundant punctulae, ventral surface smooth and shining.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Pronotal dorsum with concentric striation that become progressively transverse and elongate medially towards posterior margin, in lateral view striae appear anteriorly transverse, medially curving and U-shaped, posteriorly oblique to almost vertical. Posterolateral pronotal margin with short convex lobe. Mesosoma relatively slender and elongate, in lateral view pronotal dorsal margin straight to weakly convex, forming a posteriorly ascending slope, mesonotum anterior margin slightly higher than posterior pronotal margin, mesonotal dorsal margin mostly straight to weakly convex, descending to metanotal groove. Dorsal mesosomal margin between metanotal sulcus and metanotal spiracle forms brief convexity, propodeal anterodorsal margin brief and convex, dorsal margin mostly straight, three times longer than declivity, declivity forms blunt obtuse angle with dorsal margin. Propleuron mostly smooth and shining with narrow transverse band of sparse weak rugulae anteriorly and posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Mesonotum with transverse striae that extend uninterrupted laterally to anepisternum and ventrally to mesosternum, katepisternum mostly smooth and shining except for sparse striae anteriorly and posteroventrally. Bulla of metathoracic spiracle semispherical, weakly sculpted, opening shaped as transverse slit. Propodeum and metanotum transversely striate. Mesometapleural suture distinct, propodeal- metapleural suture weakly impressed. No carina or visible suture between mesopleuron and mesosternum, mesosoma in hypothetical cross-section at mid-length forms relatively uniform ovoid. Mesosternum with median longitudinal region raised as low and broad convex ridge; metasternal process bidentate, teeth short and blunt. Propodeal spiracle slit-shaped, transverse to oblique, not elevated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Petiole in lateral view slightly pedunculate, node shaped as posteriorly sloping cone with acute apical needle, anterior node margin weakly convex, posterior margin vertical, straight to weakly convex; anteroventral process prominent, triangular; node smooth and shining. Abdominal tergite 3 in lateral view with anterodorsal margin forming single convexity to posterior margin, ascending posterad at approximately 45°; ventral margin of tergite 3 briefly concave at prora, then broadly convex and mostly at the same level as prora. Constriction between abdominal segments 3, 4 weak to negligible; gaster smooth and shining.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Coxae mostly smooth with abundant minute piligerous punctulae, punctulae denser on tibiae. Protibial apex with single seta, spur with basal translucent lamella. Probasitarsus with row of short, stiff hairs and parallel row of short setae opposite spur. Meso and metatibial apex each with two spurs, one pectinate, one simple; each also with 3 setae, each seta widely separated from each other. Body pilosity generally short and scattered with little pubescence; dorsal surface with few standing hairs: one on head where antennal fossa and nuchal carina almost meet, few on gastral sterna. Head and mandibular dorsum with sparse appressed pubescence, hairs straight on mandible and arched on head. Mandibular ventral surface next to masticatory margin with row of five flagellate long hairs plus two long trigger hairs at base. Scape with dense appressed pubescence, no standing hairs. Mesosoma with sparse appressed to subdecumbent small hairs, node with longer hairs; gaster mostly with sparse short, appressed to decumbent hairs with suberect hairs towards posterior end of gaster. Mandible and other buccal appendages, antenna, tibiae, and tarsi ferruginous brown to brown. Body mostly ferruginous to brownish yellow, head dark anterad and gaster darker posterad; trochanters and apex of femora tend to be darker.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="queen">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Queen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): HL 4.30, HoW 3.8, HvW 1.99, ML 2.87, SL 4.46, EL 0.75, MsL 6.78, PrW 2.22, PtW 0.79, PtL 1.68, PtH 2.40, FL 5.46, CI 71.63, SI 144.81, MI 66.74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Mesosoma developed for wings, head with three ocelli. Queen with larger dimensions than worker: HoW> 3.3; MsL> 6.5; PrW>1.9 mm., otherwise similar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is a patronym in genitive case honoring Stuart Carleton Davidson, the founder of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clyde’s">Clyde's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Restaurant Group, Washington, DC. Stuart had a lifelong interest in our environment, and would have loved this amazing ant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Comparison to similar species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by sharing a relatively large size, a red to brown color, a head which has in dorsal view a great difference between ocular and vertexal width, a relatively slender habitus, a bilobed metasternal process (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Odontomachus davidsoni ventral picture of metasternal process (specimen: Odon _ Phil _ 3) and lateral image of gaster (specimen Odon _ Phil _ 4)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431596" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a pedunculate petiole with a posterior inclining node topped by a long dorsal needle. Together with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both species also share an evenly convex anterior margin of abdominal tergite III that in lateral view ascends posterad at an approximate 45° angle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Odontomachus davidsoni ventral picture of metasternal process (specimen: Odon _ Phil _ 3) and lateral image of gaster (specimen Odon _ Phil _ 4)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431596" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431596" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventral picture of metasternal process (specimen: Odon_Phil_3) and lateral image of gaster (specimen Odon_Phil_4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly larger: The HL range of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 2.81-3.67 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, Jr WL" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="67 - 171" refId="B4" refString="Brown, Jr WL, 1976. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica 19: 67 - 171" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus." volume="19" year="1976">Brown 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) versus 3.91-4.09 mm. Further, it has coarse striae throughout the dorsal cephalic surface, whereas the striae on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fine and limited to the area between the frontal carina and the antennal fossa, not extending to the occipital ridge. The pronotum in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently presents smooth and shining areas on the pronotal disc or its sides, where it is always striate in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
While the body size of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HL 4.14-4.36 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, Jr WL" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="67 - 171" refId="B4" refString="Brown, Jr WL, 1976. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica 19: 67 - 171" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus." volume="19" year="1976">Brown 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both species can be clearly distinguished by the striation pattern on the head: The striation in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not reach the occipital ridge and there is instead a large and shiny area on the cephalic dorsum, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the entire cephalic dorsum is covered in coarse striae. Further,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not possess a metasternal process, while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a rounded bilobed metasternal process.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost hairless on the entire dorsal body surface including the petiole, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body possesses a few appressed to decumbent hairs on the mesonotum, and many long erect hairs on the petiole. Overall,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mormo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="mormo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. mormo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more brownish coloration (very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. chelifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in contrast to the red coloration in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
When using the key to Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez, J" editor="Jimenez, E" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="148 - 170" refId="B32" refString="Rodriguez, J, 2008. Genero Odontomachus Latreille. In: Jimenez, E, Fernandez, F, Arias, TM, Lozano-Zambrano, FH, Eds., Sistematica, biogeografia y conservacion de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota: 148 - 170" title="Genero Odontomachus Latreille." volumeTitle="Sistematica, biogeografia y conservacion de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia." year="2008">Rodriguez (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this species will be taken easily to couplet 13, whereupon it will not fit any of the two alternatives:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. ruginodis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ruginodis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. ruginodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is clearly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. ruginodis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ruginodis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. ruginodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also differs in its dark brown color, sessile petiole, and a very short stubby petiolar needle.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller, dark brown, with a sessile and relatively erect petiole bearing a shorter dorsal needle. Using the identification key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, Jr WL" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="67 - 171" refId="B4" refString="Brown, Jr WL, 1976. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica 19: 67 - 171" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus." volume="19" year="1976">Brown (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111), or the key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Antwiki" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" publicationUrl="http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Odontomachus_of_the_New_World&oldid=398024" refId="B2" refString="Antwiki, 2015. Key to Odontomachus of the New World. Accessed 17 Sept 2018. http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Odontomachus_of_the_New_World&oldid=398024" title="Key to Odontomachus of the New World. Accessed 17 Sept 2018." url="http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Odontomachus_of_the_New_World&oldid=398024" year="2015">Antwiki (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species is easily taken to couplet 14 where it becomes stuck as it fits neither alternative,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. bauri" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both of these ants are much smaller, dark brown, have a sessile, erect petiolar node with a relatively shorter dorsal needle, and the anterior dorsal margin of abdominal tergite III in lateral view is mostly vertical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="molecular analyses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Molecular analyses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
We successfully amplified DNA barcodes of two
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers, a 569 bp fragment and a 668 bp fragment (GenBank accession numbers MN454765 and MN454766, respectively). The two specimens came from the same nest and had identical sequences.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
barcodes were clearly distinguishable from COI sequences of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree of Odontomachus COI sequences. The NJ tree is based on p-distances (scale bar). First digit in parentheses gives the number of identified COI haplotypes of a given species and the second one the total number of available COI sequences for this species. GenBank accession numbers are given in Suppl. material 5 and Newick tree file are given in Suppl. material 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431597" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) as indicated by the minimum interspecific p-distance of 0.09 in pairwise comparisons (range of p-distances in 94 pairwise comparisons: 0.09-0.14; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree of Odontomachus COI sequences. The NJ tree is based on p-distances (scale bar). First digit in parentheses gives the number of identified COI haplotypes of a given species and the second one the total number of available COI sequences for this species. GenBank accession numbers are given in Suppl. material 5 and Newick tree file are given in Suppl. material 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431597" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). A search in the BOLD identification database for the closest sequence match yielded similar results of 90.76% and 90.67% sequence similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. chelifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(private, not published yet) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. hastatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank accession number: KU504889), respectively (accession date 28 May 2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431597" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
COI sequences. The NJ tree is based on p-distances (scale bar). First digit in parentheses gives the number of identified COI haplotypes of a given species and the second one the total number of available COI sequences for this species. GenBank accession numbers are given in Suppl. material 5 and Newick tree file are given in Suppl. material 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were only found in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve and its neighboring reserve Tesoro Escondido (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Odontomachus davidsoni collection sites. Blue dots show collection sites in Esmeraldas Province (Ecuador) within the reserves Rio Canande, Tesoro Escondido and Cotacachi-Cayapas." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431598" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alate queens were collected with light traps in April 2006 (Kumanii Lodge, Cotocachi-Cayapas Reserve, leg. Camacho), April and June 2018, as well as in February, March and April 2019 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lodge,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve, leg. Hoenle). In 2018 and 2019 we frequently visited a tree in a selectively logged area of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reserve where a few workers of the species were spotted. Foraging workers were observed predominantly during nighttime between 8 pm and 11 pm. On at least five occasions during daytime (i.e., between 9 am and 5 pm) the plot was visited, but only once foraging workers were observed. Although their exact nest position was not detected, workers were predominantly foraging on a liana attached to a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Cecropia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree. The tree had a diameter of 63 cm at breast height and an estimated height of 20 m. Workers could be observed walking straight up on it until they were out of sight in a height of approx. 10 m. Workers were never seen foraging on the ground, and we thus assume that they primarily forage in the canopy. Workers were observed to sit still on the surface of leaves with their mandibles open, probably waiting to ambush prey (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Odontomachus davidsoni worker sitting on a leaf in its natural habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431599" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431598" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection sites. Blue dots show collection sites in Esmeraldas Province (Ecuador) within the reserves
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Tesoro Escondido and Cotacachi-Cayapas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431599" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker sitting on a leaf in its natural habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
On the 11th of February 2019 we collected what looked like a complete nest in a fallen branch (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nest of Odontomachus davidsoni A Nest found under natural conditions with bromeliad covering the nest entrance B Nest architecture visible after opening a fallen tree branch with a machete. Scale bar: 100 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431600" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">8</figureCitation>
|
||
; GPS data:
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.5238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="0.5238">0.5238N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="79.2130" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.213">79.2130W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The nest contained one dealate queen and 18 workers, as well as brood in all development stages (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Colony of O. davidsoni. This colony was kept in the field laboratory after taking it out from the twig nest (Fig. 8). The sole dealate queen is marked with a red arrow." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431601" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). We assume that this colony was not fully grown because it contained no alates (despite other colonies having alates at this time). The single nest entry was located under a bromeliad (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nest of Odontomachus davidsoni A Nest found under natural conditions with bromeliad covering the nest entrance B Nest architecture visible after opening a fallen tree branch with a machete. Scale bar: 100 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431600" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). We opened all parts of the nest with a machete, revealing a 40cm long tubular chamber within the center of the branch (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nest of Odontomachus davidsoni A Nest found under natural conditions with bromeliad covering the nest entrance B Nest architecture visible after opening a fallen tree branch with a machete. Scale bar: 100 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431600" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It does not look like the ants themselves carved it, hence it was probably a pre-existing cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431600" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus davidsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Odontomachus davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
|
||
Nest found under natural conditions with bromeliad covering the nest entrance
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
|
||
Nest architecture visible after opening a fallen tree branch with a machete. Scale bar: 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431601" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. davidsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="davidsoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">O. davidsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This colony was kept in the field laboratory after taking it out from the twig nest (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nest of Odontomachus davidsoni A Nest found under natural conditions with bromeliad covering the nest entrance B Nest architecture visible after opening a fallen tree branch with a machete. Scale bar: 100 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.948.48701.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/431600" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sole dealate queen is marked with a red arrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
We kept the colony for three months (11 February-15 April 2019) for further observations. The colony accepted various smaller insects as food, including flies, crickets, and termites. However, insects larger than 2 cm (e.g., large cicadas, moths, large crickets) were usually not accepted. Furthermore, the colony had
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">ad libitum</emphasis>
|
||
access to sugar water which was frequently visited. In accordance with field observations, the colony showed most activity during nighttime. No recruitment to offered food resources was observed. Due to the possibly threatened status of this ant species, the colony was released at the end of our observation time on a tree bromeliad nearby the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
|
||
lodge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |