752 lines
85 KiB
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752 lines
85 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="33EA847A1B1B446549A80681DB1A37BE">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="A6E338612D4B35F9ADF460C6344BC97B" type="ZooBank">A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335568" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168220858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" scope_family="Apidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subGenus="Melanobombus">
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950CFDA4FB24D86BFB4B" box="[547,1041,1157,1184]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFDA4FB24D86BFB4B" blockId="53.[547,1041,1157,1219]" box="[547,1041,1157,1184]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F77950CFDA4FB24D86BFB4B" box="[547,1041,1157,1184]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFDA4FB24DFDDFB4B" ID-CoL="8P65T" authority="Wang, 1982" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[547,935,1157,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFDA4FB24DF6EFB4B" bold="true" box="[547,788,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFC9DFB27DFDDFB4B" author="Wang S. - F." box="[794,935,1158,1184]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="427 - 447" refId="ref72195" refString="Wang S. - F. 1982. Hymenoptera: Apidae - Bombus. In: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Insects of Xizang: 427 - 447. Science Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1982">Wang, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFC29FB27D86BFB4B" box="[942,1041,1158,1184]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950CFD22FB08DFF5FB28" box="[677,911,1192,1219]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFD22FB08DFF5FB28" blockId="53.[547,1041,1157,1219]" box="[677,911,1192,1219]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F77950CFD22FB08DE84FB28" box="[677,766,1193,1219]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F77950CFC8CFB09DF2DFB28" box="[779,855,1192,1219]" captionStart="Figs 25–63" captionStartId="39.[189,241,1532,1558]" captionTargetBox="[370,1216,268,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-11@39.[368,1219,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figs 25–63. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The rufipes-group. 25. Queen, China-Taiwan. 26. Queen, China-Guangdong. 27. Worker, China-Sichuan. 28. Worker, Thailand. 29. Queen, Nepal. 30. Male, China-Sichuan. 31. Male, China-Sichuan. 32. Male, Thailand. 33. Male, Nepal. 34. Male, Nepal. 35. Queen, Indonesia-Sumatra. 36. Queen, Indonesia-Java. 37. Male, Indonesia-Java. The festivus-group. 38. Queen, Nepal. 39. Queen, China-Sichuan. 40. Worker, China- Sichuan. 41. Worker, China-Xizang. 42. Worker, China-Yunnan. 43. Male, Nepal. 44. Male, China- Yunnan. 45. Male, China-Yunnan. The rufofasciatus-group. 46. Queen, India-Kashmir. 47. Worker, India-Kashmir. 48. Male, India-Kashmir. 49. Male, India-Kashmir. 50. Queen, India-Arunachal Pradesh. 51. Queen, Bhutan. 52. Worker, Bhutan. 53. Worker, Bhutan. 54. Male, Bhutan. 55. Queen, India-Kashmir. 56. Queen, India-Kashmir. 57. Worker, India-Kashmir. 58. Worker, India-Kashmir. 59. Worker, India- Kashmir. 60. Worker, Pakistan. 61. Male, India-Kashmir. 62. Male, India-Kashmir. 63. Male, Nepal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064352/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">55–63</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F77950CFCE4FB08DFF5FB28" box="[867,911,1193,1219]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">186</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950CFF3AFB4BD861FA66" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFB4BDE01FAEF" blockId="53.[189,635,1258,1285]" box="[189,635,1258,1285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F77950CFF3AFB4BDE01FAEF" box="[189,635,1258,1285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFF3AFB4BDE0DFAEF" author="Wang S. - F." box="[189,631,1258,1285]" page="439" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1982">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFF3AFB4BDE0DFAEF" ID-CoL="8P65T" authority="Wang, 1982: 439" authorityName="Wang" authorityPageNumber="439" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,631,1258,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFB4BDDDEFAEF" box="[189,420,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFE2DFB4ADE0DFAEF" author="Wang S. - F." box="[426,631,1258,1285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="427 - 447" refId="ref72195" refString="Wang S. - F. 1982. Hymenoptera: Apidae - Bombus. In: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Insects of Xizang: 427 - 447. Science Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1982">Wang, 1982: 439</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFA8AD861FA81" blockId="53.[189,1399,1323,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F77950CFF3AFA8AD90DFAAD" box="[189,1399,1323,1350]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFF3AFA8ADDE8FAAE" ID-CoL="MFT3" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1890" box="[189,402,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFA8ADDE8FAAE" box="[189,402,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus pyrosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part) –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFE74FA8ADEA0FAAD" author="Williams P. H." box="[499,730,1323,1350]" page="101" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFE74FA8ADEA0FAAD" author="Williams P. H." box="[499,730,1323,1350]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991: 101</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFC80FA8ADF87FAAE" author="Saini M. S. & Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S." box="[775,1021,1323,1350]" page="116" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFC80FA8ADF87FAAE" author="Saini M. S. & Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S." box="[775,1021,1323,1350]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref70274" refString="Saini M. S., Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S. 2015. Indian Bumblebees. B. Singh and M. P. Singh, Dehra Dun, India." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Saini
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFCCEFA8DDF01FAAE" box="[841,891,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 116
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 211 (non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFBF4FA8AD910FAAD" author="Morawitz F. F." box="[1139,1386,1323,1350]" page="349" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1890">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFBF4FA8AD910FAAD" author="Morawitz F. F." box="[1139,1386,1323,1350]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="349 - 385" refId="ref68458" refString="Morawitz F. F. 1890. Insecta a cl. G. N. Potanin in China et in Mongolia novissime lecta. XIV. Hymenoptera Aculeata. II). III. Apidae. Trudy Russkago entomologicheskago obshchestva 24: 349 - 385." type="journal article" year="1890">Morawitz, 1890: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F77950CFF3AFAEED861FA81" box="[189,1051,1359,1386]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFF3AFAEEDDF2FA82" ID-CoL="MFPS" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,392,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFAEEDDF2FA82" box="[189,392,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part) –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFE6AFAEEDEAFFA82" author="Williams P. H." box="[493,725,1359,1385]" page="133" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFE6AFAEEDEAFFA82" author="Williams P. H." box="[493,725,1359,1385]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref72435" refString="Williams P. H. 1998. An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum (Entomology) 67: 79 - 152. Available and updated from www. nhm. ac. uk / bombus / [accessed 2019]." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998: 133</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFC9EFAEED875FA81" author="Bingham C. T." box="[793,1039,1359,1386]" page="552" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1897">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFC9EFAEED875FA81" author="Bingham C. T." box="[793,1039,1359,1386]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham, 1897: 552</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFAD3D861FA66" blockId="53.[189,1399,1323,1421]" box="[189,1051,1394,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F77950CFF3AFAD3D861FA66" box="[189,1051,1394,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFF3AFAD3DDCBFA67" ID-CoL="68NQ8" baseAuthorityName="Skorikov" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[189,433,1394,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avinoviellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFAD3DDCBFA67" box="[189,433,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus avinoviellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFE49FAD3DEB0FA67" author="Saini M. S. & Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S." box="[462,714,1394,1421]" page="240" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFE49FAD3DEB0FA67" author="Saini M. S. & Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S." box="[462,714,1394,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref70274" refString="Saini M. S., Raina R. H. & Ghator H. S. 2015. Indian Bumblebees. B. Singh and M. P. Singh, Dehra Dun, India." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Saini
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFD95FAD2DE3FFA67" box="[530,581,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 240
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F77950CFC89FAD3D874FA66" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[782,1038,1394,1421]" page="126" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFC89FAD3D874FA66" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[782,1038,1394,1421]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref70701" refString="Skorikov A. S. 1914 a. Les formes nouvelles des bourdons (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). VI. Russkoe entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 14: 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="1914">Skorikov, 1914a: 126</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950FFF3AFA12DDFEFBA8" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFA12D894F8E0" blockId="53.[189,1399,1459,1803]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFF3AFA12DDD9FA26" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,419,1459,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFA12DDD9FA26" box="[189,419,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described originally by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFD69FA15DFFCFA26" author="Wang S. - F." box="[750,902,1459,1486]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="427 - 447" refId="ref72195" refString="Wang S. - F. 1982. Hymenoptera: Apidae - Bombus. In: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Insects of Xizang: 427 - 447. Science Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1982">Wang (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of supposed slight differences in the colour pattern of the hair from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFD16FA76DF10FA1B" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[657,874,1494,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavothoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFD16FA76DF10FA1B" box="[657,874,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. flavothoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFC1CFA76D85EFA1B" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[923,1060,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFC1CFA76D85EFA1B" box="[923,1060,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFBB7FA76D80CFA1A" box="[1072,1142,1494,1521]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
): in particular it was suggested that the queen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFE60FA5ADEF3F9FF" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[487,649,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFE60FA5ADEF3F9FF" box="[487,649,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the ‘thorax with [a] black interalar band, where intermixed with some hoary-yellow fine hairs’ (even though these are often less pronounced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFB69F9BFD90CF9DC" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1262,1398,1566,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFB69F9BFD90CF9DC" box="[1262,1398,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFF3AF9E0DD79F9B0" box="[189,259,1601,1627]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, see below).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFE28F9E1DEFBF9B1" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[431,641,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFE28F9E1DEFBF9B1" box="[431,641,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFD08F9E0DEAEF9B1" box="[655,724,1600,1627]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was subsequently treated as a widespread Himalayan species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFEB8F9C2DE78F996" author="Williams P. H." box="[319,514,1635,1661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref72435" refString="Williams P. H. 1998. An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum (Entomology) 67: 79 - 152. Available and updated from www. nhm. ac. uk / bombus / [accessed 2019]." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to include the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFC85F9C5DFDEF996" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[770,932,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFC85F9C5DFDEF996" box="[770,932,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFC7BF9C5D8E4F996" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[1020,1182,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFC7BF9C5D8E4F996" box="[1020,1182,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognised as a west Himalayan species separate from the east Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFCF9F926D87CF94B" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[894,1030,1671,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFCF9F926D87CF94B" box="[894,1030,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFB97F926D82BF94A" box="[1040,1105,1671,1697]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, because of their unique and strongly divergent species coalescents in the COI gene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F77950CFC18F90BDF83F92F" box="[927,1017,1706,1732]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), corroborated by dfferences in morphology. The morphological differences are subtle, but do appear to support the two as separate species within a morphologically more distinctive complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFC1DF950DF85F8E1" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[922,1023,1777,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFC1DF950DF85F8E1" box="[922,1023,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFB80F950D83EF8E0" box="[1031,1092,1777,1803]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFBCCF950D89DF8E1" box="[1099,1255,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFBE1F951D89DF8E1" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[1126,1255,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">eurythorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AF893D80DF833" blockId="53.[189,1399,1842,2009]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Our PTP analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F77950CFE27F893DD8DF8A7" box="[416,503,1842,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) supports relatively strongly two coalescents in the COI gene for the west Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFEC3F8F7DD9FF884" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[324,485,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFEC3F8F7DD2CF884" box="[324,342,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFEE3F8F4DD9FF884" box="[356,485,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the east Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFC84F8F7DFF2F884" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[771,904,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFC84F8F7DF6FF884" box="[771,789,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFCA4F8F7DFF2F884" box="[803,904,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F77950CFC08F8F4DFB6F884" box="[911,972,1877,1903]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(sequenced here only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFA96F8F4D911F89B" box="[1297,1387,1877,1904]" name="Bhutan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The two coalescent groups differ in COI barcode sequences for at least 21 diagnostic nucleotide positions (3.1% of the barcode region, although some sequences are incomplete). These nucleotide differences are all synonymous, making no difference to the amino acid sequences at translation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFEA8DDDCFDD6" blockId="54.[189,1399,265,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
From morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFE25FEABDE3EFEC8" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[418,580,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFE25FEABDDCEFEC8" box="[418,436,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFE44FEA8DE3EFEC8" box="[451,580,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has a darker colour pattern of the hair than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFB2DFEABD94AFEC8" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1194,1328,266,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFB2DFEABD94AFEC8" box="[1194,1328,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFABFFEA8D90DFEC8" box="[1336,1399,265,291]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
for the females (larger workers and queens). The pale hair is also less extensively intermixed in the dark band between the wing bases for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFD03FEF1DF5CFE82" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[644,806,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD03FEF1DEECFE82" box="[644,662,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD22FEEEDF5CFE82" box="[677,806,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(despite the original description of that taxon, see above). All of the larger females (queens and workers) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFCF7FED2D868FE67" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[880,1042,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFCF7FED2D868FE67" box="[880,1042,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the yellow bands on the thorax and T1 brownish or yellow rather than grey or cream-white as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFBA9FE36D8CFFE5B" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1070,1205,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFBA9FE36D83AFE5B" box="[1070,1088,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFBD7FE36D8CFFE5B" box="[1104,1205,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFB39FE37D887FE5B" box="[1214,1277,406,432]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
There are a few individuals from the Kishanganga Valley in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F74950FFC94FE18DF0CFE38" box="[787,886,441,467]" name="Pakistan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
that show a paler hue of the pale bands on the thorax and pale hairs intermixed between the wing bases more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFBC1FE7CD8B1FE1D" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1094,1227,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFBC1FE7CD8B1FE1D" box="[1094,1227,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFB54FE7CD96BFE1C" box="[1235,1297,477,503]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFA9FFE7DDD44FDF2" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFA9FFE7DDD44FDF2" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bombus eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
queens usually have T2 anteriorly with a distinct patch of yellow hair that is usually lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFF5CFD82DD1BFDD7" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[219,353,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF5CFD82DC97FDD7" box="[219,237,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF7BFD82DD1BFDD7" box="[252,353,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFEEFFD82DDDCFDD6" box="[360,422,547,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFDC5D84DFCB9" blockId="54.[189,1399,612,850]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Available samples of the candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFD47FDC4DF5FFD95" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[704,805,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD47FDC4DF5FFD95" box="[704,805,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small and mostly old, so the status of the two candidate species remains uncertain. Current restrictions on collecting and sequencing in the areas where these two candidate species are most likely to occur in proximity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F74950FFC49FD0BD859FD2E" box="[974,1059,682,709]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) make clarifying their status difficult. However, more evidence is needed to increase confidence in any interpretation of the status of the candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFE3CFD53DE5AFCE0" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[443,544,754,779]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFE3CFD53DE5AFCE0" box="[443,544,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFDA0FD50DE1FFCE0" box="[551,613,753,779]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFD1AFD50DF64FCE0" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[669,798,753,779]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD1AFD50DF64FCE0" box="[669,798,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Speciation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFB90FD53D8C3FCE0" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[1047,1209,753,779]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFB90FD53D8C3FCE0" box="[1047,1209,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFB76FD53D90CFCE0" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1265,1398,754,779]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFB76FD53D90CFCE0" box="[1265,1398,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F74950FFF3AFCB4DC87FCC4" box="[189,253,789,815]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may have arisen through vicariance between populations of the western and eastern Himalaya caused by a period of altered climate (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFD24FC99DF27FCBA" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[675,861,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD24FC99DF27FCBA" box="[675,861,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFCEBFC99D85CFCBA" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[876,1062,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFCEBFC99D85CFCBA" box="[876,1062,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFCD8DDFEFBA8" blockId="54.[189,1399,889,1091]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFECAFCD8DD88FC78" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[333,498,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFECAFCD8DD88FC78" box="[333,498,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show pronounced size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have T2 predominantly black and T4 white; whereas the smaller workers have T2 light chocolate brown and T4 red. Males have the thoracic dorsum and T1–2 extensively yellow and T3–5 extensively yellow or orange-red, often with posterior fringes yellow. That these castes and sexes are conspecific has been confirmed from variation examined within one colony excavated in Kashmir (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F74950FFF42FB88DD0DFBA8" author="Williams P. H." box="[197,375,1065,1091]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F74950FFF3AFBCBDD2BFB58" box="[189,337,1130,1203]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFBCBDD4CFB6F" blockId="54.[189,310,1130,1156]" box="[189,310,1130,1156]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F74950FFF3AFBCBDD4CFB6F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1130,1156]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF3AFBCBDD4CFB6F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1130,1156]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF6DFB38DD2BFB58" blockId="54.[189,1398,1177,1309]" box="[234,337,1177,1203]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF6DFB38DD2BFB58" bold="true" box="[234,337,1177,1203]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Females</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F74950FFF3AFB1DDF31F9BE" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFB1DDFF1FAF6" blockId="54.[189,1398,1177,1309]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Queens large body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F74950FFE75FB1DDE0EFB3D" box="[498,628,1212,1238]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="21.0">21–24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, workers
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F74950FFD61FB1DDF12FB3D" box="[742,872,1212,1238]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="10.0">10–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished by the combination of the thoracic dorsum with some distinctly yellow hair and T5 at least posteriorly white (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFB6EFB41D915FB12" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1257,1391,1248,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFB6EFB41D915FB12" box="[1257,1391,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFF3AFAA2DD0DFAF7" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[189,375,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF3AFAA2DD0DFAF7" box="[189,375,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFE02FAA2DE68FAF7" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1933" box="[389,530,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friseanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFE02FAA2DE68FAF7" box="[389,530,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. friseanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFDA7FAA2DED3FAF7" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[544,681,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFDA7FAA2DED3FAF7" box="[544,681,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFD3FFAA2DF00FAF7" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[696,890,1282,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsiellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD3FFAA2DF00FAF7" box="[696,890,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. richardsiellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF6DFAE5DD4FFAB5" blockId="54.[189,1399,1348,1621]" box="[234,309,1348,1374]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF6DFAE5DD4FFAB5" bold="true" box="[234,309,1348,1374]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Males</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AFAC6DF31F9BE" blockId="54.[189,1399,1348,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F74950FFED0FAC6DDA0FA6A" box="[343,474,1383,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished reliably at present only by their COI sequence, but hair of T3–7 often orange in part with at least posterior yellow fringes (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFC76FA2AD80CFA4F" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1009,1142,1419,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFC76FA2AD80CFA4F" box="[1009,1142,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F74950FFA8DFA2BD914FA4E" box="[1290,1390,1418,1445]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with a single pronounced spine, the inner basal process acutely produced (cf. other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFE25FA55DE41F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[418,571,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFE25FA55DE41F9E5" box="[418,571,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFCB9FA55DFB9F9E6" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[830,963,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFCB9FA55DFB9F9E6" box="[830,963,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFDF7F9B6DE93F9DA" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[624,745,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFD1EF9B6DE93F9DA" box="[665,745,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFCCFF9B9DF9EF9DA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[840,996,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFCCFF9B9DF9EF9DA" box="[840,996,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFC73F9B6D817F9DA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1012,1133,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFC73F9B6D817F9DA" box="[1012,1133,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">lapidarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFB4BF9B6D95BF9DA" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1859" box="[1228,1313,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFB4BF9B6D95BF9DA" box="[1228,1313,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">sichelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFF3AF99BDD5FF9BF" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,293,1594,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF3AF99BDD5FF9BF" box="[189,293,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F74950EFF3AF9DADD67FDFB" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AF9DADDD0F97E" blockId="54.[189,426,1659,1685]" box="[189,426,1659,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F74950FFF3AF9DADDD0F97E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1659,1685]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF3AF9DADDD0F97E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1659,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF6DF90BDD26F92F" blockId="54.[189,1398,1706,1803]" box="[234,348,1706,1732]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF6DF90BDD26F92F" bold="true" box="[234,348,1706,1732]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F74950FFF6DF90BDD26F92F" box="[234,348,1706,1732]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AF96CDFD8F8E0" blockId="54.[189,1398,1706,1803]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F74950FFF3AF96CDFD8F8E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606382" collectingDate="1974-05-13" collectionCode="IOZ, PW" collectorName="X. - Z. Zhang" country="China" location="Nyalam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F74950FFF3AF96CDD62F90C" box="[189,280,1741,1767]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F74950FFEBDF96FDD2AF903" box="[314,336,1742,1768]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen),
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F74950FFE40F96CDE54F90C" box="[455,558,1741,1767]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F74950FFDD9F96CDF9FF90C" authority="Wang, 1982" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[606,997,1741,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFDD9F96CDF33F90C" box="[606,841,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bombus eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F74950FFCD4F96FDF9FF90C" author="Wang S. - F." box="[851,997,1741,1768]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="427 - 447" refId="ref72195" refString="Wang S. - F. 1982. Hymenoptera: Apidae - Bombus. In: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Insects of Xizang: 427 - 447. Science Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1982">Wang, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F74950FFA9DF96CD908F90C" box="[1306,1394,1741,1767]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F74950FFF3AF951DD64F8E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F74950FFF3AF951DD64F8E1" box="[189,286,1776,1802]" country="China" name="Nyalam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Xizang">Nyalam</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F74950FFEAEF950DDB3F8E0" box="[297,457,1777,1803]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1974-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F74950FFEAEF950DDB3F8E0" box="[297,457,1777,1803]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1974-05-13">13 May 1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F74950FFE52F950DE1DF8E1" box="[469,615,1776,1803]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">X.-Z. Zhang</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F74950FFD2EF950DEA0F8E0" box="[681,730,1777,1803]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">IOZ</collectionCode>
|
||
(examined
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F74950FFCE3F950DFEFF8E0" box="[868,917,1777,1803]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AF893DE27F8A6" blockId="54.[189,605,1842,1869]" box="[189,605,1842,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F74950FFF3AF893DDC8F8A7" bold="true" box="[189,434,1842,1868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material sequenced</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F74950FFE44F893DE2FF8A6" box="[451,597,1842,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F74950FFF3AF8C0D90CF82A" blockId="54.[189,1399,1888,1986]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F74950FFF3AF8C0DDD0F875" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606550" collectingDate="1985-08-01" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="P. Williams" country="India" latitude="34.0546" location="Kashmir" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.3856" municipality="Gulmarg" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="ML4" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F74950FFF3AF8C0DD74F890" box="[189,270,1889,1915]" name="India" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 1 ♂;
|
||
<location id="A85660071F74950FFEE0F8C1DDB4F891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F74950FFEE0F8C1DDB4F891" box="[359,462,1888,1914]" country="India" latitude="34.0546" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.3856" municipality="Gulmarg" name="Kashmir" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kashmir</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D52ACA61F74950FFE5CF8C1DE3DF891" box="[475,583,1888,1914]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gulmarg</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFDD4F8C1DEA4F890" box="[595,734,1888,1915]" degrees="34.0546" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="34.0546">34.0546° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFD6CF8C1DF0EF890" box="[747,884,1888,1915]" degrees="74.3856" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="74.3856">74.3856° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F74950FFC06F8C0D86DF890" box="[897,1047,1888,1915]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1985-08-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F74950FFC06F8C0D86DF890" box="[897,1047,1888,1915]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1985-08-01">1 Aug. 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F74950FFBA3F8C0D8D0F891" box="[1060,1194,1888,1915]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 3262F04;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F74950FFEB2F825DD1FF875" box="[309,357,1924,1950]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F74950FFEF7F825DDD0F875" box="[368,426,1924,1950]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ML4</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F74950FFE43F825DE19F82A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606474" collectingDate="1985-08-01" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="P. Williams" country="India" latitude="34.0548" location="Kashmir" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.3856" municipality="Gulmarg" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="ML210" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂;
|
||
<location id="A85660071F74950FFD87F822DE1DF876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F74950FFD87F822DE1DF876" box="[512,615,1923,1949]" country="India" latitude="34.0548" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.3856" municipality="Gulmarg" name="Kashmir" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kashmir</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D52ACA61F74950FFDF4F822DEA5F876" box="[627,735,1923,1949]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gulmarg</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFD6DF822DF0FF875" box="[746,885,1923,1950]" degrees="34.0548" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="34.0548">34.0548° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFC06F822D873F875" box="[897,1033,1923,1950]" degrees="74.3856" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="74.3856">74.3856° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F74950FFB92F825D8D3F875" box="[1045,1193,1923,1950]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1985-08-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F74950FFB92F825D8D3F875" box="[1045,1193,1923,1950]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1985-08-01">1 Aug. 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F74950FFB31F825D941F876" box="[1206,1339,1923,1950]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 3263F04;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F74950FFE4AF806DD87F82A" box="[461,509,1959,1985]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F74950FFD8CF806DE19F82A" box="[523,611,1959,1985]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ML210</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F74950FFD04F806D90BF82A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606560" box="[643,1393,1959,1986]" country="India" latitude="33.8511" location="Kashmir" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.5636" municipality="Doodpather" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F74950FFD04F806DEC8F82A" box="[643,690,1959,1985]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<location id="A85660071F74950FFCB0F806DFE4F82A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F74950FFCB0F806DFE4F82A" box="[823,926,1959,1985]" country="India" latitude="33.8511" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.5636" municipality="Doodpather" name="Kashmir" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kashmir</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D52ACA61F74950FFC2AF806D841F82A" box="[941,1083,1959,1985]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Doodpather</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFBCDF806D8ADF82A" box="[1098,1239,1959,1986]" degrees="33.8511" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="33.8511">33.8511° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F74950FFB61F806D90BF82A" box="[1254,1393,1959,1986]" degrees="74.5636" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="74.5636">74.5636° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFEA8D8A3FEAC" blockId="55.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F75950EFF3AFEA8DFD1FECF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606480" box="[189,939,265,292]" collectingDate="2012-06-04" collectionCode="RR" collectorName="R. Raina" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="ML295" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F75950EFF3AFEA8DD37FEC8" box="[189,333,265,291]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2012-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F75950EFF3AFEA8DD37FEC8" box="[189,333,265,291]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2012-06-04">4 Jun. 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F75950EFEDCFEA8DDB9FEC8" box="[347,451,265,291]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">R. Raina</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1555G05;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F75950EFC9CFEA8DF3DFEC8" box="[795,839,265,291]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">RR</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F75950EFCD4FEA8DFD1FECF" box="[851,939,265,292]" collectionCode="RR" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ML295</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F75950EFC4FFEA8D8AFFEAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606302" collectingDate="2004-09-11" collectionCode="RR" collectorName="R. Raina" latitude="31.537" location="Jalori" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.3729" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="ML415" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
|
||
1 ♂;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F75950EFB8FFEA8D89EFEC8" box="[1032,1252,265,291]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F75950EFB76FEA8D948FEC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F75950EFB76FEA8D948FEC8" box="[1265,1330,265,291]" latitude="31.537" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.3729" name="Jalori" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Jalori</location>
|
||
pass;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFF3AFE8DDD3DFEAC" box="[189,327,300,327]" degrees="31.5370" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="31.537">31.5370° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFED4FE8DDDA1FEAC" box="[339,475,300,327]" degrees="77.3729" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="77.3729">77.3729° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F75950EFE60FE8DDEF9FEAD" box="[487,643,300,326]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2004-09-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F75950EFE60FE8DDEF9FEAD" box="[487,643,300,326]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2004-09-11">11 Sep. 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F75950EFD08FE8CDE8CFEAD" box="[655,758,300,327]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">R. Raina</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 6877G10;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F75950EFBC4FE8CD815FEAC" box="[1091,1135,301,327]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">RR</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F75950EFBFEFE8DD8AFFEAC" box="[1145,1237,300,327]" collectionCode="RR" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ML415</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFECFDE0FFE40" blockId="55.[189,1398,366,428]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F75950EFF3AFECFDE0BFE40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606547" collectingDate="2007-05-30" collectionCode="NME" collectorName="M. Hartmann" country="Nepal" latitude="29.198" location="Gothichaur" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="82.31" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="ML183" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnali">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFF3AFECFDD62FE63" box="[189,280,366,392]" name="Nepal" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F75950EFEB1FECFDD1FFE63" box="[310,357,366,392]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F75950EFE5CFECFDE4CFE63" box="[475,566,366,392]" country="Nepal" name="Karnali" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Karnali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F75950EFDC3FECFDEB6FE63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F75950EFDC3FECFDEB6FE63" box="[580,716,366,392]" country="Nepal" latitude="29.198" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="82.31" name="Gothichaur" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Karnali">Gothichaur</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFD5CFECFDF23FE63" box="[731,857,366,392]" degrees="29.198" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="55" value="29.198">29.198° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFCEFFECFDFAFFE63" box="[872,981,366,392]" degrees="82.31" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="555" value="82.31">82.31° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F75950EFC63FECFD8F3FE63" box="[996,1161,366,392]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2007-05-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F75950EFC63FECFD8F3FE63" box="[996,1161,366,392]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2007-05-30">30 May 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F75950EFB1FFECFD943FE63" box="[1176,1337,366,392]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">M. Hartmann</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1550B11;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F75950EFE42FE30DE71FE40" box="[453,523,401,427]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">NME</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F75950EFD92FE30DE0BFE40" box="[533,625,401,427]" collectionCode="NME" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ML183</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFE73DD67FDFB" blockId="55.[189,1399,466,528]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F75950EFF3AFE73DD63FDFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606482" collectingDate="2018-07-17" collectionCode="IOZ" country="China" latitude="28.4354" location="Jilong" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="85.257" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="ML580" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFF3AFE73DD62FE07" box="[189,280,466,492]" name="China" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F75950EFEB3FE73DD18FE06" box="[308,354,466,493]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F75950EFE65FE73DE40FE07" box="[482,570,466,492]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F75950EFDC0FE73DEE8FE07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F77950EFDA4FB24DDFEFC97:A85660071F75950EFDC0FE73DEE8FE07" box="[583,658,466,492]" country="China" latitude="28.4354" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="85.257" name="Jilong" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Xizang">Jilong</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFD27FE73DF56FE06" box="[672,812,466,493]" degrees="28.4354" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="28.4354">28.4354° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F75950EFCBEFE73DFB8FE06" box="[825,962,466,493]" degrees="85.2570" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="85.257">85.2570° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F75950EFC57FE73D81DFE07" box="[976,1127,466,492]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2018-07-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F75950EFC57FE73D81DFE07" box="[976,1127,466,492]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2018-07-17">Jul. 17 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; IBK seq: BB08;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F75950EFABAFE73D908FE07" box="[1341,1394,466,492]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">IOZ</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F75950EFF3AFE54DD63FDFB" box="[189,281,501,528]" collectionCode="IOZ" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ML580</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F75950EFF3AFD96D90DFD2D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFD96DDD7FDBA" blockId="55.[189,429,567,593]" box="[189,429,567,593]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F75950EFF3AFD96DDD7FDBA" bold="true" box="[189,429,567,593]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F75950EFF3AFD96DDD7FDBA" bold="true" box="[189,429,567,593]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Global distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFDC7D90DFD2D" blockId="55.[189,1399,613,710]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(West Himalayan mountain species)
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F75950EFDE8FDC7DE9EFD94" bold="true" box="[623,740,613,640]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFD72FDC7DF2DFD6B" box="[757,855,614,640]" name="China" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F75950EFCE5FDC4DFCDFD94" box="[866,951,613,639]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
(southern margin only). –
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F75950EFB73FDC4D914FD94" bold="true" box="[1268,1390,613,639]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Himalaya</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFF3AFD28DD36FD48" box="[189,332,649,675]" name="Pakistan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFEDDFD28DDC8FD48" box="[346,434,649,675]" name="India" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kashmir,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F75950EFDB2FD28DF6BFD48" box="[565,785,649,675]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Uttaranchal;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F75950EFC3DFD28D860FD48" box="[954,1050,649,675]" name="Nepal" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (IOZ, NHMUK, NME, PW, RMNH, SEHU, SMNS.) The species is widely distributed in the western Himalaya and often abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F75950EFF3AFD4CDDFEFC97" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFD4CDD45FCEC" blockId="55.[189,319,749,775]" box="[189,319,749,775]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F75950EFF3AFD4CDD45FCEC" bold="true" box="[189,319,749,775]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F75950EFF3AFD4CDD45FCEC" bold="true" box="[189,319,749,775]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F75950EFF3AFCBDDDFEFC97" blockId="55.[189,1399,796,892]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
A colony of this species has been described from underground in a coniferous forest at
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F75950EFB5CFCBDD94DFCDD" box="[1243,1335,796,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in Kashmir (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F75950EFED2FC9EDE70FCB2" author="Williams P. H." box="[341,522,831,857]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Food-plant generalists and male mate-searching behaviour is patrolling (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F75950EFF42FCC3DD0DFC97" author="Williams P. H." box="[197,375,866,892]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |