1465 lines
146 KiB
XML
1465 lines
146 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" ID-PMC="PMC5799776" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-93-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" ID-PubMed="29416413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166345" ModsDocID="1314-2003-93-1" checkinTime="1516918217063" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Snow, Neil, Peterson, Paul M., Romaschenko, Konstantin & Simon, Bryan K." docDate="2018" docId="22C9C3982B35527298B22CA625E54314" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 93: 1-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 93" docPubDate="2018-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079" docTitle="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5" masterDocTitle="Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668142195302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snow, Neil</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, T. M. Sperry Herbarium, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nsnow@pittstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
|
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Bryan K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD 4066 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
|
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number>2018-01-25</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>93</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-93-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB0FFD2FFF3FFDA230C1D4BFF89FFD5</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1166345</mods:identifier>
|
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22C9C3982B35527298B22CA625E54314" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22C9C3982B35527298B22CA625E54314" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="22C9C398-2B35-5272-98B2-2CA625E54314" authority="subsp. fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult." authorityName="(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-G Diplachne fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fusca A habit B inflorescence C ligule D spikelet E lemma F floret and rachilla G palea, lodicules, ovary, and stamens. Drawings from Strohbach & Sheuyange BD 3162 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181275" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa malabarica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">Poa malabarica</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., Sp. Pl. 69. 1753, nom. utiq. rej. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1224034" author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="157 - 159" refId="B101" refString="Snow, N, Davidse, G, 1998. (1330) Proposal to reject the name Poa malabarica (Gramineae). Taxon 47: 157 - 159, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1224034" title="(1330) Proposal to reject the name Poa malabarica (Gramineae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1224034" volume="47" year="1998">Snow and Davidse 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merr" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Panicum malabaricum" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabaricum">Panicum malabaricum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 248. 1909.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dandy" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ottochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ottochloa malabarica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">Ottochloa malabarica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Dandy, J. Bot. 69 (2): 55. 1931.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne malabarica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">Diplachne malabarica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Merrill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Veldkamp" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa malabarica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabarica">Leptochloa malabarica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Veldkamp, Blumea 19: 64. 1971. 1933.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
Rheede, Hort. Malab. 83, t. 45. 1703! (lectotype: designated by Merrill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. 1933).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca reptatrix" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reptatrix">Festuca reptatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. Sp. Pl. (ed. 2). 1: 106. 1762.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne reptatrix" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reptatrix">Diplachne reptatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Druce, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. (ed. 2), 129. 1928.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
Linn. Herbarium (lectotype: LINN 92.20! [left-hand specimen], designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" editor="Cafferty, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon 49" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="250 - 251" refId="B97" refString="Snow, N, 2000. Festuca reptatrix L. In: Cafferty, S, Jarvis, CE, Turland, NJ, Eds., Typification of Linnaean plant names in the Poaceae (Gramineae). Taxon 49: 250 - 251" title="Festuca reptatrix L." volumeTitle="Typification of Linnaean plant names in the Poaceae (Gramineae)." year="2000">Snow 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forssk" authorityYear="1775" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bromus polystachios" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polystachios">Bromus polystachios</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 23. 1775.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
EGYPT. Alexandria, P
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
|
||
1016 (holotype: C [C10001861]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa contracta" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contracta">Poa contracta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Retz. Observ. Bot. 3: 11. 1783.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blatt & McCann" authorityYear="1935" baseAuthorityName="Retz." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa contracta" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contracta">Leptochloa contracta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Retz.) Blatt. and McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Counc. Agric. Res. 5: 243. 1935.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
INDIA. JG
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="König">Koenig</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. (fragment, K!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Retz" authorityYear="1786" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca indica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Festuca indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) iv. 21. 1786.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne indica" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Diplachne indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Retz.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 351. 1825.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Tridens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tridens indicus" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicus">Tridens indicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Retz.) Nees in Wight, Cat. Ind. Pl., 106. 1794, nom. nud.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
INDIA. JG
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="König">Koenig</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. (holotype: LD [1287467!]; fragment, K!; isotype: BM!). Contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="B94" refString="Snow, N, 1997a. Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." title="Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph. D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." year="1997 a">Snow (1997a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 225), lectotypification is not needed now that the location of the holotype is known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triodia parviflora" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">Triodia parviflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
R. Br., Prodr. 182. 1810.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Muell" authorityYear="1873" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca brownii" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brownii">Festuca brownii</taxonomicName>
|
||
F. Muell., Fragm. 8: 129. 1873.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="R. Br." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne parviflora" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">Diplachne parviflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 620. 1878.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa parviflora" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">Leptochloa parviflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. Br.) Verloove & Lambinon, Syst. Geogr. Pl. 76: 219. 2006.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory, Arnhem Bay, "Littora Nova Hollandiae intra tropicum", R. Brown 6254 (lectotype, here designated: BM! [BM000514993]; isolectotype: K [K000899898]!; isolectotype fragment: BRI!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triodia ambigua" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ambigua">Triodia ambigua</taxonomicName>
|
||
R. Br., Prodr. 183. 1810.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
AUSTRALIA. Queensland, Keppel Bay, R Brown 6253 (lectotype, here designated, BM! [BM000514991]; isolectotype: BM!; BM fragment, BRI!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1832" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Tridens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tridens capensis" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">Tridens capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Linneana 7: 324. 1832.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Uralepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uralepis capensis" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">Uralepis capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 319. 1833.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplachne capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 256. 1841.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. Durand & Schinz" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triodia capensis" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">Triodia capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) Th. Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 877. 1895.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA. "Bei Doornhoogte in der Capschen
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fläche">Flaeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Dec. 1824, Ecklon". No specimen is cited in the protologue; lectotypification is probably needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. concinna" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="concinna">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. concinna</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA. Ad Weltevrede in ripa Gamka...,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. (lectotype, here designated: B ([! by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="B94" refString="Snow, N, 1997a. Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." title="Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph. D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." year="1997 a">Snow {1997a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but unpublished}; not found electronically online]; isolectyotypes: BM! P [P00083372], [P00083373]!; fragment: PRE!). Note:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
or a later worker assigned this species or sheet the number 2553, which at PRE is also assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1841" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne livida" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="livida">Diplachne livida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. minor" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="minor">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
3900 (fragment of holotype: PRE!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. obscura" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="obscura">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 256. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA. Circa Graaf Reynet solo Karro, Ecklon s.n.; In Herb. Reg. Berol, Mundt s.n.; Ad sinum Plettenbergbai, George s.n., (fragments syntypes [Ecklon s.n., Mundt s.n.]: PRE!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. prolifera" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="prolifera">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. prolifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
South Africa, Ad flumen Gauritzrivier solo Karro, George s.n. (Fragment of type: PRE!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. subvar. var. prolifera" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subVariety" species="capensis" subSpecies="subvar." subVariety="minor" variety="prolifera">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. prolifera subvar. minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
South Africa. Inter Los-Tafelberg et Zwartkey, JF
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
3900 (lectotype, here designated: P [P00083374]!)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. pauciflora" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="pauciflora">Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. pauciflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Nees</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
South Africa. In districtus Caledon montibus. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
types of Nees were destroyed at B, selection of a neotype may be necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1841" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne livida" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="livida">Diplachne livida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 254. 1841.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steud" authorityYear="1854" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Uralepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uralepis livida" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="livida">Uralepis livida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 248. 1855.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. Durand & Schinz" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Triodia livida" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="livida">Triodia livida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nees) Th. Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 877. 1895.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA. Namaqualand, In valle praerupta montium Kamiesbergen prope Kuile alt. 3000'... JF
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2553?; see comment above under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne capensis subsp. var. var. concinna" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="capensis" subSpecies="var." variety="concinna">Diplachne capensis var. concinna</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (holotype: B!; isotypes: BM! P [P00439436], [P00439437], [P00083371]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1895" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne pallida" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">Diplachne pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hack., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 387. 1895.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA. Transvaal, Boshveld, Klippan, A Rehmann 5371 (holotype: W-17607!; isotype: K [K000366665]!, fragments: PRE!, US! [US-865866]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leptochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptochloa neuroglossa" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neuroglossa">Leptochloa neuroglossa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichinger, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40 (1, Anhang): 75. 1930, and 264, 1931.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
TANZANIA. Pare District, Mkomazi, Lake Manga, A Peter 41078 (holotype: B†). A neotype specimen at B (!) ("S. Pare, km 164 Sumpfgebiet Mkomasi -Mkumbara, A Peter 10497") was suggested earlier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="B94" refString="Snow, N, 1997a. Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." title="Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph. D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." year="1997 a">Snow 1997a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 227) but the specimen has not been seen recently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Launert" authorityYear="1970" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne cuspidata" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">Diplachne cuspidata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Launert, Prod. Fl.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Südwestafrika">Suedwestafrika</normalizedToken>
|
||
34 (160): 221. 1970.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
NAMIBIA. Etoscha-Pfanne, Okaukuejo, 5 Meilen westlich von Okondeka im Omuramba, 27 Feb 1963, W Giess, OH Volk, & B Bleissner 6105 (holotype: M [M0103386]!; isotype: BM [BM000514989]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roiv" authorityYear="1974" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne amboensis" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboensis">Diplachne amboensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 34. 1974.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
NAMIBIA. Ovamboland, Ondonga, M. Rautanen s.n. (holotype: H! [H1057541]; isotype: H [H1003258]!; Z [Z-000017953]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roiv" authorityYear="1974" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne amboensis subsp. var. var. plurinodis" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="amboensis" subSpecies="var." variety="plurinodis">Diplachne amboensis Roiv. var. plurinodis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 36. 1974.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
NAMIBIA. Ovamboland, Ongandjera, Okahao, pool in valley, Soini s.n. (holotype: H! ([H1057542]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roiv" authorityYear="1974" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne wahlbergii" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wahlbergii">Diplachne wahlbergii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 36. 1974.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type.</emphasis>
|
||
SOUTH AFRICA, Caput Bonae Spei, J Wahlberg s.n. (holotype: S!; isotype: K!, S!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="F. Hasselquist" country="PALESTINE" location="PALESTINE" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Palestine">PALESTINE</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ab. loco,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<collectorName>F. Hasselquist</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: LINN 92.21!), typ. cons. prop
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Plants annual or (mostly) perennial. Culms (15-)40-170 cm tall, 2-5 mm wide at base, round or somewhat flattened, ascending to erect or sometimes decumbent and rooting at nodes (and sometimes strongly stoloniferous in southern Africa), often branching; nodes glabrous; internodes to 26 cm long, soft or sometimes lignified, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, round or somewhat flattened, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules 4-8(-15) mm long; blades mostly 5-48 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, glabrous to moderately scabrous above and below. Panicles 15-105 cm long, 2-20 cm wide, exerted or occasionally partially inserted at maturity with 3-28 branches; the branches (1.5-) 4-20 cm long, mostly alternate along the rachis, ascending, erect, or infrequently reflexed, stiff to somewhat flexuous, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">6</pageBreakToken>
|
||
-14 mm long, distant to tightly imbricate; florets (4-)6-12(-14); callus glabrous or hairy; lower glumes 1.9-3.0(-4.9) mm long, ovate, scabrous on midnerve, obtuse to acute, rarely bifid; upper glumes 3.0-4.7(-5.5) mm long, ovate, scabrous on midnerve, obtuse to acute, rarely bifid; lemmas 3.0-4.7(-6.0) mm long, 3-nerved, narrowly ovate to ovate, the lateral nerves pronounced and often extending to the tips, sericeous (at least below) on lateral nerves and often on midnerve, glabrous between nerves, apex obtuse to acute or acuminate, sometimes bifid, unawned, mucronate, or awned; paleas subequal to slightly exceeding lemma, elliptic, more or less sericeous along nerves; apex obtuse to acute. Stamens 1-3; anthers 0.5-2.7 mm long (typically longer in perennials), maroon or yellow. Caryopses 1.6-2.3 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide, obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic to depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to endosperm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="leaf anatomy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Leaf anatomy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Midrib present (or rarely absent) in mature leaves; central lacuna present.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Primary bundles</emphasis>
|
||
: protruding adaxially and abaxially and to a greater degree than secondary bundles; outer bundle sheaths continuous adaxially, interrupted abaxially; extension cells present adaxially; adaxial cells enlarged, abaxially cells not enlarged; sclerenchymatous girders present adaxially and abaxially, or abaxially only as strands. Colourless cells present between primary and secondary bundles; chlorenchyma continuous or discontinuous between adjacent bundles.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Secondary bundles</emphasis>
|
||
: protruding adaxially or not, flush abaxially; outer bundle sheath continuous or interrupted abaxially; sclrenchymatous girders present abaxially. (Vouchers [all at MO] and country of orgin: Snow & Chatakutah 6767, 6829, 6908 (Botswana); Snow & Burgoyne 7108 (South Africa); Snow & Burgoyne 7176, 7196 (Namibia); Snow et al. 7208, 7214, 7215, 7217 (Australia); Ellis specimens from South Africa [all at PRE]: Ellis 1908, 3410, 3653, 4779.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="stem anatomy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stem anatomy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Stems can root at the nodes and functionally act as stolons (e.g. Hitchock 24410 [US],
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
3900 [P];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valls, JFM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B118" refString="Valls, JFM, 1978. A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station." year="1978">Valls 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When branching occurs, it is mostly towards the base and at lower nodes. Elliptic air canals subjacent to the epidermis of culms typically are present in populations emergent in water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Culms hollow; pith parenchyma isodiametric; inner sclerenchymatous ring present; peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present; inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue present (see Culm Anatomy under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. gigantea" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Kranz sheath cells absent; Kranz sheath cell canal tissue absent. Vouchers (at MO): Snow & Chatakutah 6808 (Botswana); Snow & Chatakutah 6829 (Botswana); Snow & Burgoyne 7196 (Namibia); Snow et al. 7217 (Australia); Snow et al. 7208 (Australia); Snow et al. 7239 (Australia); Snow et al. 7249 (Australia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="chromosome numbers">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chromosome numbers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
=10 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2439737" author="Gould, FW" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="757 - 767" refId="B28" refString="Gould, FW, 1958. Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. American Journal of Botany 45: 757 - 767, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2439737" title="Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2439737" volume="45" year="1958">Gould 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/b66-181" author="Gould, FW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1683 - 1696" refId="B29" refString="Gould, FW, 1966. Chromosome numbers in some Mexican grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 44: 1683 - 1696, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b66-181" title="Chromosome numbers in some Mexican grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b66-181" volume="44" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-175" author="Gould, FW" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1315 - 1325" refId="B30" refString="Gould, FW, 1968. Chromosome numbers of Texas grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 1315 - 1325, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-175" title="Chromosome numbers of Texas grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-175" volume="46" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2805426" author="Reeder, JR" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="105 - 117" refId="B80" refString="Reeder, JR, 1971. Notes on Mexican grasses IX. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers - 3. Brittonia 23: 105 - 117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2805426" title="Notes on Mexican grasses IX. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers - 3." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2805426" volume="23" year="1971">Reeder 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valls, JFM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B118" refString="Valls, JFM, 1978. A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of Leptochloa with special emphasis on Leptochloa dubia (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A & M University, College Station." year="1978">Valls 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v21i2.882" author="Spies, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="163 - 170" refId="B112" refString="Spies, JJ, Van der Merwe, E, Du, Plessis H, Saayman, EJL, 1991. Basic chromosome numbers and polyploid levels in some South African and Australian grasses (Poaceae). Bothalia 1: 163 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v21i2.882" title="Basic chromosome numbers and polyploid levels in some South African and Australian grasses (Poaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v21i2.882" volume="1" year="1991">Spies et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
=19 (Spies and Vogues 1988); 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
=20 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larsen, A" journalOrPublisher="Danks Botanisk Arkiv" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="211 - 275" refId="B52" refString="Larsen, A, 1963. Studies in the flora of Thailand. 14. Cytological studies in vascular plants of Thailand. Danks Botanisk Arkiv 20: 211 - 275" title="Studies in the flora of Thailand. 14. Cytological studies in vascular plants of Thailand." volume="20" year="1963">Larsen 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bir, SS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cytology and Genetics" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="152 - 154" refId="B8" refString="Bir, SS, Sahni, M, 1986. SOCGI plant chromosome number reports - IV. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 21: 152 - 154" title="SOCGI plant chromosome number reports - IV." volume="21" year="1986">Bir and Sahni 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Flowering throughout the year but seasonally locally.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribtution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribtution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Native</emphasis>
|
||
: Much of paleotemperate and paleotropical areas; mostly open mesic areas, often in saline conditions. Elevation sea level to ca. 2000 m. (TDWG:
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">ANG</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, BOT, BZE-PB, BUR, CHA, ETH, JAW, IND, IRQ, ITA-IT, KEN, MDG, MLW, MLY-SI, MOZ, MYA, NAM, NGA, NGR, NSW-NS, NTA, OFS, PAK, PHI, QLD-QU, SEN, SOA, SRL, TAI, TAN, THA, UGA, VIC, WAU-WA, YEM-NY, ZAI.)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Non-native</emphasis>
|
||
: Persisting in Argentina, but non-persisting elsewhere. (TDWG: AGE-BA, AGE-ER, AGE-MI, AGS-RN, AGW-LR, AGW-SJ, BOL, CAL, CZE-CZ, GBR, GER, NWG-PN, SCA, SWI.).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
was grown in experimental gardens in the early part of the 20th century in Chico and Berkeley, California, as introductions from New South Wales (McKee, SPI 17213 [NA]; Wight 1359 [NA] (Beetle s.n., 1941 [NA]). It has been collected outside the plots in California, but evidently has not become widely established in that state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Widespread; not of concern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
refers to dark, dusky, or swarthy and possibly alludes to the dark green or plumbeous spikelets of some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Malabar sprangletop; Beetlegrass sprangletop. Japan: Hama-gaya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koyama, T" journalOrPublisher="Springer International" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B50" refString="Koyama, T, 1987. Grasses of Japan and its Neighboring Regions: An Identification Manual. Kodansha, Tokyo." title="Grasses of Japan and its Neighboring Regions: An Identification Manual. Kodansha, Tokyo." year="1987">Koyama 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tanzania: Msinti (Fipa and Kifipa); Milepa (Bullock 3605 and 2474, US);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hîsh">Hish</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Simpson 5183, B). Iraq: Sabut (Springfield 12545, US). Egypt: Sayfoum, (Drar 9/123, NY). China: Shuang fu cao. Myanmar: Myet-cho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widely distributed taxon in the complex and occurs throughout the range of the species in the Paleotropics, with some introductions in the Neotropics and North America (California, South Carolina). It is sometimes considered a weed of rice paddies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntyre, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="237 - 250" refId="B58" refString="McIntyre, S, Barrett, SCH, 1985. A comparison of weed communities of rice in Australia and California. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 14: 237 - 250" title="A comparison of weed communities of rice in Australia and California." volume="14" year="1985">McIntyre and Barrett 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2404080" author="McIntyre, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Ecology" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="551 - 562" refId="B59" refString="McIntyre, S, Mitchell, S, Ladiges, PY, 1989. Germination and seedling emergence in Diplachne fusca: a semi-aquatic weed of rice fields. Journal of Applied Ecology 26: 551 - 562, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2404080" title="Germination and seedling emergence in Diplachne fusca: a semi-aquatic weed of rice fields." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2404080" volume="26" year="1989">McIntyre et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="fusca">D. f. subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
from subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fascicularis">Diplachne fusca fascicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the two are sympatric can be difficult, particularly in Argentina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" editor="Zuloaga, FO" journalOrPublisher="3, Tomo 2. Graficamente Ediciones, Cordoba" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="131 - 138" refId="B99" refString="Snow, N, 2012. Leptochloa P. Beauv. In: Zuloaga, FO, Rugolo, ZE, Anton, AM, Eds., Flora Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 2. Graficamente Ediciones, Cordoba: 131 - 138" title="Leptochloa P. Beauv." volumeTitle="Flora Argentina, Vol." year="2012">Snow 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be non-native. The
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
|
||
interpretation of taxa in the complex differs from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicora, EG" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="233 - 256" refId="B63" refString="Nicora, EG, 1995. Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes. Darwiniana 33: 233 - 256" title="Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes." volume="33" year="1995">Nicora (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parodi" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Arechav." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne uninervia subsp. var. var. procumbens" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="uninervia" subSpecies="var." variety="procumbens">Diplachne uninervia (J. Presl) Parodi var. procumbens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Parodi under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fascicularis" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. fascicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the authors synonymise the former under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fucsa subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fucsa" subSpecies="fusca">D. fucsa subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fucsa subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fucsa" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fucsa fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fucsa subsp. fascicularis" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fucsa" subSpecies="fascicularis">Diplachne fucsa fascicularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily by the latter having panicle branches inserted at the base and having anthers shorter than 0.5 mm, whereas the former more typically has fully exserted panicles and anthers exceeding 0.5 mm (sometimes significantly so).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The floret morphology of some specimens from western Africa (Audru 2704; Adam 19242; Garba 7471; Trochain 878 [all at P]), southern Africa (Snow & Chatakuta 6908 [KSP]; Strohbach & Sheuyange BD3162 [US; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-G Diplachne fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fusca A habit B inflorescence C ligule D spikelet E lemma F floret and rachilla G palea, lodicules, ovary, and stamens. Drawings from Strohbach & Sheuyange BD 3162 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181275" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and New Guinea [Backer 16301 {duplicates at P, U, and W}]; Backer 24130 [U]; and Brass 6065 [BRI]) closely resembles that of subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. uninervia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="uninervia">D. f. subsp. uninervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimens from New Guinea may be from New World propagules that arrived during World War II. The spikelets of the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1895" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne pallida" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diplachne pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hack. also closely resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. uninervia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="uninervia">D. f. subsp. uninervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166662" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/181275" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A-G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(L.) Kunth subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
ligule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
|
||
spikelet
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
lemma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F</emphasis>
|
||
floret and rachilla
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
|
||
palea, lodicules, ovary, and stamens. Drawings from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Strohbach & Sheuyange BD3162</emphasis>
|
||
(US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The length of the awns varies throughout the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">D. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is too inconsistent to be of taxonomic value.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The sexuality of the florets varies widely. A population from Namibia (Snow & Burgoyne 7196 [with numerous duplicates distributed]) had male, female and hermaphroditic florets within a single spikelet. The number of stamens can likewise vary
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">within</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a spikelet from one to three (e.g. Snow and Burgoyne 7196), which has been noted also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicora, EG" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="233 - 256" refId="B63" refString="Nicora, EG, 1995. Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes. Darwiniana 33: 233 - 256" title="Los generos Diplachne y Leptochloa (Gramineae, Eragrosteae) de la Argentina y paises limitrofes." volume="33" year="1995">Nicora (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The anthers also vary considerably in length between specimens, but typically are consistent within a specimen and within populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Thrips (Order
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of an indetermined genus were found in virtually every floret of fresh material of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">D. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Queensland, Australia (Snow et al. 7249-F). In a study of germination, populations in Australia were affected more by nighttime than daytime temperatures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" author="Myers, BA" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="225 - 237" refId="B62" refString="Myers, BA, Morgan, WC, 1989. Germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity responses. Australian Journal of Botany 37: 225 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" title="Germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity responses." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" volume="37" year="1989">Myers and Morgan 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Some populations of this subspecies have high to very high levels of tolerance for saline or sodic soils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beadle, NCW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Soil Conservation Service New South Wales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="123 - 134" refId="B6" refString="Beadle, NCW, 1948a. Studies in wind erosion. III. Natural regeneration on scalded surfaces. Journal of Soil Conservation Service New South Wales 4: 123 - 134" title="Studies in wind erosion. III. Natural regeneration on scalded surfaces." volume="4" year="1948 a">Beadle 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beadle, NCW" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Service New South Wales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="160 - 170" refId="B7" refString="Beadle, NCW, 1948b. Studies in wind erosion. IV. Reclamation of scalds: general conseriderations. Conservation Service New South Wales 4: 160 - 170" title="Studies in wind erosion. IV. Reclamation of scalds: general conseriderations." volume="4" year="1948 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McVaugh, R" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B61" refString="McVaugh, R, 1983. Gramineae, Vol. 14. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A descriptive account of the vascular plants of western Mexico. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor." title="Gramineae, Vol. 14. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A descriptive account of the vascular plants of western Mexico. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor." year="1983">McVaugh 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hackett, C" journalOrPublisher="Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B37" refString="Hackett, C, Wickens, GE, 1984. Plant description for practical purposes: A model profile of Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, a salt-tolerant grass of arid lands. Technical Memorandum 84/27. CSIRO Institute of Biological Resources, Division of Land and Water Resources, Canberra." title="Plant description for practical purposes: A model profile of Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, a salt-tolerant grass of arid lands. Technical Memorandum 84 / 27. CSIRO Institute of Biological Resources, Division of Land and Water Resources, Canberra." year="1984">Hackett and Wickens 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" author="Myers, BA" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="225 - 237" refId="B62" refString="Myers, BA, Morgan, WC, 1989. Germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity responses. Australian Journal of Botany 37: 225 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" title="Germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity responses." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9890225" volume="37" year="1989">Myers and Morgan 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kernick, MD" journalOrPublisher="Springer International" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B49" refString="Kernick, MD, 1990. An assessment of grass succession, utilization and development in the arid zone. In: Chapman GP (Ed.) Reproductive Versatility of Grasses, Cambridge Univeristy Press, 154-181." title="An assessment of grass succession, utilization and development in the arid zone. In: Chapman GP (Ed.) Reproductive Versatility of Grasses, Cambridge Univeristy Press, 154 - 181." year="1990">Kernick 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, GP" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B14" refString="Chapman, GP, 1996. The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." title="The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." year="1996">Chapman 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" author="Ahmad, F" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="B2" refString="Ahmad, F, 2009. Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" title="Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141 - 149." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" year="2009">Ahmad 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This tendency is most developed in Australia, Asia and Africa and is least well documented for subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="uninervia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diplachne fusca uninervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the label of Trapnell 1112 in Zambia states the species grows amidst ca. 5 cm of solid salts. Another specimen from Zambia (Greenway 6228) states that the species becomes a dominant pioneer in areas trampled out in brackish pans in grassland dominated by the grass genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hyparrhenia" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E. Fourn. Others also have noted the high levels of salinity tolerance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reinhold, B" journalOrPublisher="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="520 - 526" refId="B82" refString="Reinhold, B, Hurek, T, Niemann, E-G, Fendrik, I, 1986. Close association of Azospirillum and diazotrophic rods with different root zones of kallar grass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52: 520 - 526" title="Close association of Azospirillum and diazotrophic rods with different root zones of kallar grass." volume="52" year="1986">Reinhold et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="163 - 169" refId="B41" refString="Hurek, T, Reinhold, B, Fendrik, I, Niemann, E-G, 1987. Root-zone-specific oxygen tolerance of Azospirillum spp. and diazotrophic rods closely associated with Kallar Grass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53: 163 - 169" title="Root-zone-specific oxygen tolerance of Azospirillum spp. and diazotrophic rods closely associated with Kallar Grass." volume="53" year="1987">Hurek et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-3-574" author="Reinhold-Hurek, B" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="574 - 584" refId="B83" refString="Reinhold-Hurek, B, Hurek, T, Gillis, M, Hoste, B, Vancanneyt, N, Kersters, K, de Ley, J, 1993. Azoarcus gen. nov., nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth), and description of two new species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and A. communis. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 43: 574 - 584, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-3-574" title="Azoarcus gen. nov., nitrogen-fixing proteobacteria associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth), and description of two new species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and A. communis." url="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-3-574" volume="43" year="1993">Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Joshi, YC" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Plant Physiology" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="203 - 208" refId="B47" refString="Joshi, YC, Dwivedi, RS, Bal, AR, Qadar, A, 1983. Salt excretion by glands in Diplachne fusca (Linn.) P. Beauv. [sic]. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 26: 203 - 208" title="Salt excretion by glands in Diplachne fusca (Linn.) P. Beauv. [sic]." volume="26" year="1983">Joshi et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported salt excretion on the leaves via small apical pores in papillate structures that they designated as salt glands.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, GP" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B14" refString="Chapman, GP, 1996. The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." title="The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." year="1996">Chapman (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported that some populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f. subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="f." subSpecies="fusca">D. f. subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
excrete salt from glands on the leaves and that this taxon has been advocated for its use for lowering salt levels in soils. The ability of many populations of this subspecies to tolerate and even thrive in saline soils was one of many factors contributing to the decision to recognise them at the subspecific, rather than specific rank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snow, N" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="B94" refString="Snow, N, 1997a. Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." title="Phylogeny and systematics of Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Eragrostideae). Ph. D. dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis: Missouri." year="1997 a">Snow 1997a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In southern Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">D. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be common to abundant in pans (low-lying areas that accumulate seasonal moisture but which dessicate in the dry season), where it sometimes is decumbent to geniculate and stoloniferous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_4" author="Breen, CM" editor="Whigham, DF" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="79 - 128" refId="B9" refString="Breen, CM, Heeg, J, Seaman, M, 1993. South Africa. In: Whigham, DF, Dykyjova, D, Hejny, S, Eds., Wetlands of the world I: inventory, ecology and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 79 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_4" title="South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_4" volumeTitle="Wetlands of the world I: inventory, ecology and management." year="1993">Breen et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; e.g. see Hitchcock 24410 [US]; Snow 6829 [MO]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Herbarium labels from African collections sometimes indicate grazing, presumably by the native fauna, and others indicate good grazing for livestock. The subspecies may occur in pure or nearly pure stands in Africa. In Australia,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lazarides, M" journalOrPublisher="Danks Botanisk Arkiv" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B53" refString="Lazarides, M, 1970. The grasses of central Australia. Australian National Univeristy Press, Canberra." title="The grasses of central Australia. Australian National Univeristy Press, Canberra." year="1970">Lazarides (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the taxon as having high palatability and being preferentially grazed, but that it typically occurs in relatively small populations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_1" author="Denny, P" editor="Whigham, DF" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B18" refString="Denny, P, 1993a. Wetlands of Africa: Introduction. In: Whigham, DF, Dykyjova, D, Hejny, S, Eds., Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology, and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 1 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_1" title="Wetlands of Africa: Introduction." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_1" volumeTitle="Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology, and Management." year="1993 a">Denny (1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_5" author="Denny, P" editor="Whigham, DF" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="31 - 46" refId="B19" refString="Denny, P, 1993b. Wetland use and conservation. In: Whigham, DF, Dykyjova, D, Hejny, S, Eds., Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology, and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht: 31 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_5" title="Wetland use and conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_5" volumeTitle="Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology, and Management." year="1993 b">1993b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" author="Ahmad, F" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="B2" refString="Ahmad, F, 2009. Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" title="Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141 - 149." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" year="2009">Ahmad (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that among grasses generally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diplachne fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to maximally combine adaptations to wetness and salinity, combined with palatability, of any species of grass.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kernick, MD" journalOrPublisher="Springer International" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B49" refString="Kernick, MD, 1990. An assessment of grass succession, utilization and development in the arid zone. In: Chapman GP (Ed.) Reproductive Versatility of Grasses, Cambridge Univeristy Press, 154-181." title="An assessment of grass succession, utilization and development in the arid zone. In: Chapman GP (Ed.) Reproductive Versatility of Grasses, Cambridge Univeristy Press, 154 - 181." year="1990">Kernick (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 171) linked the salinity tolerance and palatability of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested that additional screening for salinity tolerant races would be worthwhile. The salinity tolerance of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca subsp. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">D. fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, high viability of its seeds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, GP" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B14" refString="Chapman, GP, 1996. The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." title="The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." year="1996">Chapman 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Snow, pers. obs. in greenhouse), and high palatability of the subspecies among ruminants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, GP" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B14" refString="Chapman, GP, 1996. The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." title="The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." year="1996">Chapman 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Snow pers. obs.) collectively make
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. fusca" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an excellent candidate for reclamation of saline soils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haq, M" journalOrPublisher="The Nucleus" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="139 - 144" refId="B38" refString="Haq, M, Khan, MFA, 1971. Reclamation of saline and alkaline soils by growing kallar grass. The Nucleus 8: 139 - 144" title="Reclamation of saline and alkaline soils by growing kallar grass." volume="8" year="1971">Haq and Khan 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandhu, GR" journalOrPublisher="Cell Environ" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="171 - 181" refId="B90" refString="Sandhu, GR, Aslam, Z, Sattar, A, Gureshi, RH, Ahmad, N, Wyn, Jones RG, 1981. The effect of salinity on the yield and composition of Diplachne fusca (kallar grass) plant. Cell Environ 9: 171 - 181" title="The effect of salinity on the yield and composition of Diplachne fusca (kallar grass) plant." volume="9" year="1981">Sandhu et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapman, GP" journalOrPublisher="Botanical gazette (London)" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B14" refString="Chapman, GP, 1996. The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." title="The Biology of Grasses. CAB International, Wallingford." year="1996">Chapman 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" author="Ahmad, F" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="B2" refString="Ahmad, F, 2009. Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" title="Leptochloa fusca cultivation for utilization of salt-affected soil and water resources in Cholistan Desert. Sociedade e Natureza, Uberlandia 22: 141 - 149." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-45132010000100010" year="2009">Ahmad 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
A remarkable biological attribute of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. fusca" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fusca" subSpecies="fusca">Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence in some Pakistani populations (where it is called Kallar grass) of a recently described
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">nitrogen-fixing</pageBreakToken>
|
||
genus of bacteria,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Betaproteobacteria" family="Rhodocyclaceae" genus="Azoarcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Azoarcus" order="Rhodocyclales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azoarcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reinhold, B" journalOrPublisher="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="520 - 526" refId="B82" refString="Reinhold, B, Hurek, T, Niemann, E-G, Fendrik, I, 1986. Close association of Azospirillum and diazotrophic rods with different root zones of kallar grass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52: 520 - 526" title="Close association of Azospirillum and diazotrophic rods with different root zones of kallar grass." volume="52" year="1986">Reinhold et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="163 - 169" refId="B41" refString="Hurek, T, Reinhold, B, Fendrik, I, Niemann, E-G, 1987. Root-zone-specific oxygen tolerance of Azospirillum spp. and diazotrophic rods closely associated with Kallar Grass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53: 163 - 169" title="Root-zone-specific oxygen tolerance of Azospirillum spp. and diazotrophic rods closely associated with Kallar Grass." volume="53" year="1987">Hurek et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Applied and Environmental Microbiology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="3816 - 3824" refId="B42" refString="Hurek, T, Burggraf, S, Woese, CR, Reinhold-Hurek, B, 1993. 16S rRNA-targeted polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization to screen for Azoarcus spp., grass-associated diazotrophs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 3816 - 3824" title="16 S rRNA-targeted polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization to screen for Azoarcus spp., grass-associated diazotrophs." volume="59" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.7.1913-1923.1994" author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bacteriology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1913 - 1923" refId="B43" refString="Hurek, T, Reinhold-Hurek, B, van Montagu, M, Kellenberger, E, 1994. Root colonization and systemic spreading of Azoarcus sp. Strain BH72 in grasses. Journal of Bacteriology 176: 1913 - 1923, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.7.1913-1923.1994" title="Root colonization and systemic spreading of Azoarcus sp. Strain BH 72 in grasses." url="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.7.1913-1923.1994" volume="176" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Reinhold-Hurek and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bacteriology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="4172 - 4178" refId="B44" refString="Hurek, T, Egener, T, Reinhold-Hurek, B, 1997. Divergence in trogenases of Azoarcus spp., Proteobacteria of the β Subclass. Journal of Bacteriology 179: 4172 - 4178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" title="Divergence in trogenases of Azoarcus spp., Proteobacteria of the β Subclass." url="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" volume="179" year="1997">Hurek et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Subsequent studies documented
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Betaproteobacteria" family="Rhodocyclaceae" genus="Azoarcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Azoarcus" order="Rhodocyclales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Azoarcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of many grasses, including rice (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" author="Hurek, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Bacteriology" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="4172 - 4178" refId="B44" refString="Hurek, T, Egener, T, Reinhold-Hurek, B, 1997. Divergence in trogenases of Azoarcus spp., Proteobacteria of the β Subclass. Journal of Bacteriology 179: 4172 - 4178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" title="Divergence in trogenases of Azoarcus spp., Proteobacteria of the β Subclass." url="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.13.4172-4178.1997" volume="179" year="1997">Hurek et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1243" author="Krause, A" journalOrPublisher="Springer International" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B51" refString="Krause, A, Ramakumar, A, Bartels, D, Battistoni, F, Bekel, T, Boch, J, Boehm, M, Friedrich, F, Hurek, T, Krause, L, Linke, B, McHardy, AC, Sarkar, A, Schneiker, S, Syed, AA, Thauer, R, Vorhoelter, F-J, Weidner, S, Puehler, A, Reinhold-Hurek, B, Kaiser, O, Goessman, A, 2006. Complete genome of the mutualistic, N2-fixing grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. strain BH72. Nature Biotechnology 24: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1243" title="Complete genome of the mutualistic, N 2 - fixing grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. strain BH 72. Nature Biotechnology 24:" url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1243" year="2006">Krause et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given increasing problems of salinisation in some areas and the biologically and economically important properties of the Pakistani populations (nitrogen-fixing, salinity tolerance, perennial growth form and high palatability), these populations should be investigated further for their reclamation potential of saline soils, given that they also could provide useful fodder. More recent research has examined the rhizosphere for bacterial species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. f." order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="f.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. f.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in industrial sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-004-0005-6" author="Abou-Shanab, RA" journalOrPublisher="World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1095 - 1101" refId="B1" refString="Abou-Shanab, RA, Ghozlan, H, Ghanem, K, Moawad, H, 2005. Behaviour of bacterial populations isolated from rhizosphere of Diplachne fusca dominant in industrial sites. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21: 1095 - 1101, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-004-0005-6" title="Behaviour of bacterial populations isolated from rhizosphere of Diplachne fusca dominant in industrial sites." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-004-0005-6" volume="21" year="2005">Abou-Shanab et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Diplachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplachne fusca" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diplachne fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been studied recently augmented with three experimentally introduced endophytic bacteria, as a species for use in constructed wetlands for bioremediation of wastewater from tanneries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1337072" author="Ashraf, S" journalOrPublisher="New Phytologist" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="B4" refString="Ashraf, S, Asfal, M, Naveed, M, Sahid, M, Zahir, ZA, 2017. Endophytic bacteria enhance remediation of tannery effluent in constructed wetlands with Leptochloa fusca. International Journal of Phytoremediation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1337072" title="Endophytic bacteria enhance remediation of tannery effluent in constructed wetlands with Leptochloa fusca. International Journal of Phytoremediation." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1337072" year="2017">Ashraf et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Maymana:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Maymana, Alizzi & Omar 34707 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Morros de Cualeque, Exell and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mendonça">Mendonca</normalizedToken>
|
||
2704 (BM); Distrito de
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Angola" name="Huila">Huila</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pereira de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iça">Ica</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cunhama, Gossweiler 11066 (K, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Pdo. Magdalena, Punta Indio, Boelcke et al. 12540 (MO); A San Vincente, Zardini 246 (LP); Vicente Lopez, Parodi 7694-1/2 (BAA); Vicente Lopez, Parodi 184 (BAA); Avellaneda, prox. al cemetario, Parodi 4774 (BAA); San Isidro, Parodi 4903 (BAA); San Vicente, Parodi 8118 (BAA, US); Palermo, Parodi 175 (BAA).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Entre Rios">Entre Rios</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Dpto. Uruguay, Laguna de los Negros, Nicora 3012 (SI); Dpto. Uruguay, cerca del Parque
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unzué">Unzue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Burkart 25675 (BAA).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Misiones">Misiones</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nacanguazú">Nacanguazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pipó">Pipo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Grondona and Puccinini 3188 (UC).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="La Rioja">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Cunta de Llanos, Nicora 18527 (B).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Rio Negro">Rio Negro</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Fuerte Gral Roca, Boelcke & Serrano 3122 (BAA).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="San Juan">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Jachal, Cabrera 18025 (LP).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="New South Wales">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Moree, Beadle s.n. (NE 24646), Combanning Silo, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Temora on Stockinbingal Rd., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Stockinbingal, Snow et al. 7208 (KSP, MO, NSW); Ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Griffith on Ardelthan Rd., Snow et al 7213 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" unit="km" value="9.7">9.7 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Darlington Point on Coleambally Rd., S of Griffith, Snow et al. 7214 (KSP, MO, MU, NSW); Marrimajeela Ck., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Boolingal on road to Ivanhoe, Snow et al. 7215 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" unit="km" value="15.1">15.1 km</quantity>
|
||
out of Brewarrina on Collerina Rd., Snow et al. 7216 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" unit="km" value="17.9">17.9 km</quantity>
|
||
out of Brewarrina on Collerina Rd., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" unit="km" value="4.3">4.3 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Bokhara Riv., Snow et al. 7217 (MO, NSW); Ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Brewrrina on road to Walgett, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
|
||
W of turnoff to Cumborah, Snow et al. 7220 (MO, NSW); Southern end of town of Walgett, along muddy margins of artificial pond created by irrigation regime in the civic park, Snow et al. 7222 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" unit="km" value="46.6">46.6 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Connamble on road to Baradine, Snow et al. 7226 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" unit="km" value="19.9">19.9 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Boggabri on road to Narrabri, Snow et al. 7232 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Edgeroi, between Narrabai and Moree, Snow et al. 7234 (MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" unit="km" value="11.6">11.6 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Moree on road to Boggabilla (Hwy 39), Snow et al. 7237 (MO, NSW); Ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" unit="km" value="58.0">58 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Moree on road to Boggabilla (Hwy 39), Snow et al. 7244 (MO, NSW); Grenfell, Corbett s.n. (BISH); Duck Ck., Wollongbar, McBarron 6516 (NSW) and McBarron 6516 (NSW); Nevertire, Helms 31318 (NA, NY, SMU, US); Walgett, Vickery 18009 (US); Macquarie Marshes area,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Carinda</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Paijmans 1737 (CANB); Bogan Gate -
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Parker Rd., Lloyd 156 (CANB); Moree -
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
E on Gwyndir Hwy, Lloyd 726 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5061632" unit="mi" value="28.0">28 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Nyngan, along road between Nyngan to Narromine, Martensz 268 (CANB); Macquarie Marshes, Warren, Goodrick 261 (CANB); Agric. Res. Station, Yanco, Boerema 7 (CANB); Riverina Dist., Booroorban, between Deniliquin and Hay, Brown 390 (BRI, CANB); Near Barham, Ganba 3516 (CANB); Griffith,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="km" value="1.7">1.7 km</quantity>
|
||
from W end of Hamilton Rd., Lodder and Corbett 11 (CANB); Near Homebush, Sydney, Hubbard 8185 (BRI); Fort Bourke, Pear Bore No. 1, Simon 2957 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Bourke on Bourke-Nyngan Rd., Simon 2974 (BRI); Near Goonery Bore,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0460736" unit="mi" value="65.0">65 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Wanaaring, Moore 5781 (BRI); Between Fort Grey and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cameron’s">Cameron's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Corner, Corrick 6536 (BRI, MEL); Macquarie Marhes
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Quambone, just E of Macquarie Riv., Paijmans 1704 (CANB); West of Premer, Hosking and Sullivan 472 (MEL, NE); Gulpa, Brown 389 (MEL); "Mt. Mulgah" - ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of South, Moore 8231 (CANB); "Mt. Mulgah" - ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" unit="mi" value="50.0">50 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NW of South, Moore 5091 (CANB); Ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2076544" unit="mi" value="51.0">51 mi.</quantity>
|
||
W of Bourke on Wanaaring Rd., Moore 5112 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Booligal, Paijmans 1649 (CANB).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||
: MacDonnell Range, Palm Valley Canyon, Finke Riv. Canyon, SW of Alice Springs, Vasek 680915-25 (CANB, RSA);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Suplejack Homestead, Latz 8121 (BRI); Gardens Station, Latz 1939 (BRI, CANB); Warangaiyu Lagoon, Elcho Island, Latz 6270 (CANB); Coomarie Spring, Latz 3956 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Borroloola, Latz 1523 (BRI, CANB); Homestead Ck. Bing Bong Station, Latz 1493 (CANB); Gulf of Carpenteria, Maria Island, Dunlop 2800 (BRI, CANB); Swamp below Howard Springs, Darwin area, Craven 4474 (CANB); Coastal Plains Research Station,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="30.0">30 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SE of Darwin, Lazarides 6810 (CANB); South Alligator Floodplain,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
S Arnhem Hwy, Wightman 1456 (BRI, CANB); Glen of Palms, James Range, Gardner 11728 (MEL); Glen of Palms, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" unit="km" value="112.0">112 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Alice Springs, Beauglehole 23846 (BRI, MEL);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
from Borroloola, Daly Waters Rd., Jacobs 1670 (CANB, NSW); Fogg Ck. Dam near Beatrice, Jacobs 1767 (CANB); Palm Valley,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Hermannsburg Mission, Perry 3501 (BRI, CANB); Mangrove area on banks of South Alligator Riv. Paijmans LAC4486 (CANB); Palm Valley,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Hermannsburg Mission, Lazardies 5290 (BRI, US); Finke Riv.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Hermannsburg, Latz 3125 (BRI); Darwin, Leanyer Swamp, Latz 3616 (BRI); Fish Ck., Woolner Station, Rankin 2491 (BRI, CANB); Wirra Lagoon near Nhulumbry, Scarlett Y-257-74 (BRI); Palm Valley, Beauglehole 10359 (BRI); Palm Valley, Beauglehole 27518 (BRI); Mary Riv. Conservation Reserve, Liddle 1102 (BRI).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Queensland">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Burke Dist.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Hughenden Township, Lazardies 3605 (BRI, MO, US); Between Mt. Emu Plains and Mt. Sturgeon Stations, Hubbard & Winders 7560 (BRI); Normanton, Blake 9002 (BRI); Agnes Lake,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" unit="km" value="79.0">79 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Lyndhurst Station on Hann Hwy, Simon and Clarkson 2752 (BRI); Mount Isa, Winders 7427 (BRI); Nonda, Hubbard & Winders 7228 (B, BRI, CANB, K, MO, NSW); Mt. Isa, No. 7 Tailings Dam, Schmid 712 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Burketwon on Truganini Crossing Rd., Jacobs 1318 (CANB, NSW); Dry bed of Lake Louisa ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" unit="mi" value="90.0">90 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Hugenden, Blake 8605 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0577536" unit="mi" value="19.0">19 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Mt. Isa Township, Lazarides 4381 (US);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8968192" unit="mi" value="18.0">18 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Claraville Station, Lazarides 3934 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Iffley Station, Lazarides 3939 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Cloncurry
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Township</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Lazarides 4315 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Malbon Township, Lazarides 4400 (CANB, MO). Cook Dist.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
|
||
S of mouth of North Kennedy Riv. on Lakefield N.P., Neldner and Clarkson 3782 (BRI, NSW); Arriga area, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Marreba, T.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mailsel’s">Mailsel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Farm, Pregno s.n. (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of the aboriginal settlement at Mapoon, Clarkson 4962 (BRI, K); Weipa, Morton 1132 (MEL);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NNE of Lyndhurst Station, Lazarides 3737 (CANB); Station Ck. saltpan,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Inkerman homestead, Neldner & Clarkson 2873 (BRI, NSW); On southern bank of Nassau Riv.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
upstream from junction with Rocky Ck., Neldner & Clarkson 3007 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Kenchering by road, Dalliston CC437 (BRI);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chohan’s">Chohan's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Farm, Ariga W of Mareeba, Hawton s.n. (BRI); Lakefield N.P., Knifehole,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
from Saltwater Ck. crossing on the Musgrave to Lakefield Rd., Clarkson & Simon 7061 (BRI); Plains on eastern bank of Nomenade Ck., Morton AM1132 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
N of the Morehead Riv. Crossing on the Lakfield to Musgrave Rd., Clarkson & Simon 7047 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi.</quantity>
|
||
ESE of Spring Ck. Station, Lazarides 3807 (BRI). Darling Downs Dist., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of The Gums on roadside, Johnson 729 (BRI); Kindon Station,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6904576" unit="mi" value="54.0">54 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NNW Goondiwindi, Smith 549 (GH);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Goondiwindi on road to Yelarbon, Inglewood and Warick, Snow et al. 7249 (BRI, KSP, MO, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="3.2">3.2 km</quantity>
|
||
N of junction with Cunningham Hwy (Hwy 42) on the Leichhardt Hwy, N of Goondiwindi, Snow & Simon 7312 (BRI, MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="km" value="14.5">14.5 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Cunningham Hwy along the Leichhardt Hwy N of Goondiwindi,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="km" value="3.1">3.1 km</quantity>
|
||
S of turnoff to Toowoomba (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="km" value="78.0">78 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Moonie), Snow & Simon 7326 (BRI, MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" unit="km" value="17.8">17.8 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Moonie on Moonie Hwy, Snow & Simon 7360 (BRI, MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Moonie along Moonie Hwy, Snow & Simon 7363 (BRI, MO); Palardo, W of Miles, Blake 7619 (BRI, CANB, NSW); ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of The Gums, Johnson 729 (CANB, NY); Yelarbon, Blake 10445 (BRI); Yelarbon
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="km" value="41.0">41 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Goondiwindi, McDonald 406 (BRI, CANB, K); Chinchilla, Hubbard and Winders 6405 (B, BRI, CANB, MO); ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" unit="mi" value="7.0">7 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SE of Meandarra, Johnson 1206 (B, BRI); Condamine State School, Turnbull 5 (BRI); Milmerran, Hubbard 5867 (BRI, CANB); Dalby, Beiers 43 (BRI); Chinchilla, Beasley 124 (BRI); Dalby, Beiers 63 (BRI); 10 Meilen von Meandarra, Walter and Walter 2610 (B); near Gurulmundi, Hubbard 5129 (B, CANB, MO); Yelarbon, Everist 889 (BRI); Pelican Lakes
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Chinchilla, Simon et al. 3491 (BRI). Gregory North Dist., Boundary Gully Bore,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Headingly homestead, Neldner & Stanley 1804 (BRI). Gregory South Dist.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="0.7">0.7 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Longford turn-off, Thompson Devel. Rd., Prendergast HDP313 (BRI); ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="km" value="92.0">92 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Betoota, Nicolson & Novelly 277 (BRI). Leichhardt Dist., Broadsound Shire,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Iffley”">"Iffley"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Mt. Coxendean, Anderson and Russell 896 (BRI); Broadsound Shire, Anderson 752 (BRI); Emerald, Finlay & Farquhar 2 (BRI); Broadsound Shire: "Barwon Park" ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Blackwater, Anderson 2054 (BRI) and (ibid.) Anderson 2055 (BRI); Gunnewin via Roma, Kieseker 9 (BRI). Maranoa Dist., Noondoo near Dirranbandi, Blake 10690 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Mervyndale, Walrus III, Site R030, Purdie 462D (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="40.0">40 mi.</quantity>
|
||
W of St. George, Roe s.n. (CANB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Warrie”">"Warrie"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Nindigully, Allen 111 (CANB); Noondoo Station E of Dirrabandi, Everist 817 (BRI); Mitchell, Hubbard and Winders 6309 (BRI); Boatman Station, Everist 2857 (BRI, K, NY);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Roma, Bungil Shire, Silcock S721 (BRI); Roma, Blake
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">10894</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(BRI); Bollon, along damp creek bands, White 11545 (GH, US). Mitchell Dist., Yaraka, Bownman s.n. (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
W of Blackall, Everist 2089 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4717696" unit="mi" value="34.0">34 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NW of Longreach, Davidson 82 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Corinda homestead, Thompson and Sharpe MUT1 (BRI); Jericho, Blake 10245 (BRI). Moreton Dist., Wyampa, near Bald Hills, Blake 213 (BRI); Near Redcliffe, Hubbard 5551 (B, BRI, CANB, NSW); Currumbin, White 8728 (BRI, NY); Nundah, Brisbane, Blake 159 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Coolum beach, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="130.0">130 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Brisbane, Sharpe 2127 (BRI); Serpentine Ck. and environs, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Brisbane, Durrington 435 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Coolum Beach, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="130.0">130 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Brisbane, Sharpe 1894 (BRI); Hope Island,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
from Boyankil on road to Pacific Hwy, Simon et al. 2932 (BRI). North Kennedy Dist., Toonpan - Antil Plains, Everist 9194 (BRI); Mt. St. John, Hubbard & Winders 6943 (BRI, CANB); Barratta Ck., lower Burdekin Valley, Paijmans 3508 (CANB); Near Saltern Lagoon,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Valley of Lagoona HS, Lazarides 8167 (BRI, CANB); Cromarty, between Townsville and Ayr, Blake 8306 (BRI). Port Curtis Dist., Gladstone, Blake 12784 (BRI); Curtis Island, N of Southend, Blake 22578 (BRI, CANB, MO); Curtis Island, S end, Blake 22522 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
ESE of Rockhampton, Paijmans 2016 (CANB); E side of Herbert Ck.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Banksia”">"Banksia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
homestead, Paijmans 2017 (CANB); Gladstone, Blake 12784 (CANB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Torilla”">"Torilla"</normalizedToken>
|
||
between Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, Blake & Webb 15615 (BRI, NSW). South Kennedy Dist.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7358848" unit="mi" value="17.0">17 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NE of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Mirtna”">"Mirtna"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Station, Adams 1133 (CANB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="`Cassiopeia’">'Cassiopeia'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, the property of J. Mendazona, Belyando Shire, Jacobsen E 580 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Belyando Crossing, Thompson and Sharpe BUC901 (BRI); Gormans Lagoon near Mirtna HS (site GL1), Thompson & Simon BUC755 (BRI); with
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="2.3">2.3 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Doongmabulla homestead,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" unit="km" value="197.0">197 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Jericho, Thompson & Henderson GAL142 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="km" value="10.5">10.5 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Hyde Park homestead on road to Bulliwallah homestead, Thompson & Simon BUC813 (CANB, K);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Doongmabulla homestead on sandy flat adjacent to Cattle Ck. [...] Thompson & Simon GAL50 (BRI); Laglan Station, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" unit="km" value="105.0">105 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW-NW of Clermont, Smith 10293 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Yarromere homestead, Thompson & Henderson BUC993 (BRI). Warrego Dist., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" unit="mi" value="25.0">25 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of Wyandra, Blake 11234 (BRI, K); Wyandra, Sutton s.n. (BRI); Curragh Station, Hubbard & Winders 6263 (K, MO, NSW); Gilruth Plains Stn, Cunnamulla, Barker 835 (CANB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Cowley”">"Cowley"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="40.0">40 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Quilpie, on main Quilpie-Charleville Rd., Anson 2 (BRI); Gilruth Plains, Cunnamulla, McKee 10326 (BRI, NSW);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Charleville along Boatman Rd., Purdie & Boyland 36 (BRI); Coongoola, between Charleville and Cunnamulla, Hubbard & Winders 6174 (BRI, CANB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ambathala”">"Ambathala"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW of Charleville on Adavale Rd., Silcock 5458 (BRI);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Peneroo”">"Peneroo"</normalizedToken>
|
||
via Eulo, Young 54 (BRI); Bowalli, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.207008" unit="mi" value="75.0">75 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SSW of Quilpie, Everist 5041 (BRI);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Wittenburra”">"Wittenburra"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Eulo, Ebersohn E180 (BRI); Carbeen near Cunnamulla, White 11567 (BRI, GH); Dynevor Lakes,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="30.0">30 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Thargomindah, Blake 11761 (BRI); Bulloo, MacGillivray 1024 (BRI). Wide Bay Dist., Splitters Ck., Smith 437 (BRI).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="South Australia">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Inllian Ck on Coober Pedy road, Badman 1282 (AD, BISH); Lower Winkie Rd.... near Berri, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" unit="km" value="195.0">195 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Adelaide, Kuchel 3215 (AD, BISH, BRI, MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Hawker Gate, Jacobs 3536 (BRI); Just out of Wyndham on and at base of rocky slope, Symon 5251 (CANB).
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Victoria">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: Melbourne area, between Newmarket and Showgrounds railway stations, E of Ascot Vale Rd., Flemington, Clarke 1797 (BRI, MEL);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="King’s">King's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Billabong, beside the Murray Riv., between Mildura and Red Cliffs, Henshall s.n. (MEL); Murray Valley area, Tatura - Irrigation Research Institute, Brown 34 (MEL); Port MacKay, Dietrich 538 (MEL); Malle Study Area, Reedy Lake Wildlife Reserve, Beauglehole 55705 (MEL).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Western Australia">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Wittenoom Gorge, Hammersley Range, Beauglehole 11564 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Wyndham, Paijmans 2505 (CANB);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of New Wyndham Post Office, North Kimberely, George 14546 (CANB, K, NSW); Goody Goody, Fitzgerald 65 (US);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4717696" unit="mi" value="34.0">34 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Wyndham Township, Lazarides 3080 (NSW, US); Wyampa, near Bald Hills, Blake 213 (K); Parry Lagoon, NE Kimberley, Kenneally 10719 (CANB); Ord Riv.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Wyndham, Paijmans 2268 (CANB); North West Coastal Hwy,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" unit="km" value="94.0">94 km</quantity>
|
||
from Minilya on raod to Dampier, Simon & Stretch 3788 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4717696" unit="mi" value="34.0">34 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Wyndham Township, Lazarides 3080 (BRI).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Graviers de la Vesdre, Fasseaux 11a (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Beni">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Prov. Ballivian, Espiritu en la zona del influencia del rio Yacuma, Beck 3219 (US).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Chiquitos, Est. San Ignacio,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
N of San Jose de Chiquitosm Killeen 1712 (MO, US); Nuflo de Chavez, San Antonio de Lomerio, Killeen 825 (MO, W).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Central: Mumpswe Pan,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" unit="mi" value="25.0">25 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NNW of mouth of Nata Riv., Drummond & Seagrey 5167 (PRE); 17.6 road km N of Dibete (at turnoff to Mookane), ca. 135 Road km N of Gabarone, Snow & Chatakuta 6767 (GAB, K, MO, PRE); At km marker 16, W of Nata on Hwy to Maun, Snow & Chatakuta 6829 (GAB, K, MO, PRE); Along main Hwy between Nata and Maun, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" unit="km" value="67.0">67 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Nata, Snow & Chatakuta 6878 (GAB, K, KSP, MO, MU, PRE); 44.3 road km from Sephophe on road towards Zanzibar, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" unit="km" value="21.6">21.6 km</quantity>
|
||
prior to Tsetsejwe, Snow & Chatakuta 6908 (GAB, K, KSP, MO, MU, PRE); Along main hwy,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" unit="km" value="17.6">17.6 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Dibete (at turnoff to Mookane), ca. 135 road km N of
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Botswana" name="Gaborone">Gaborone</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Snow & Chatakuta 6913 (GAB, K, MO, PRE); Botletle delta area, NE of Mopipi, Tyers 616 (MO).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Botswana" name="Kgalagadi">Kgalagadi</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Zanye Pan, NW of Hukuntsi, Ellis 2657 (K, MO, PRE). Mahalapye: Kalamare, de Beer K5 (GAB). Mohembo: Okavango Riv., Smith 2669 (K); in the sump of Nwaku Pan, Smith 2969(K). Northern: Mumpswe Pan,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" unit="mi" value="25.0">25 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NNW of mouth of Nata Riv., Drummond & Seagriest 5167 (GAB, K); Kangwa (Xanwe),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Aha Hills, Wild & Drummond 6931 (BM, GAB, K); near Tschelenyane,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
from Lake Ngami on track to Khwebe Hills, Drummond 8747 (K). Ngamiland: Boteti Riv. lower reaches, Smith 2563 (K, PRE, US); Nxai Pan N.P., Smith 1648 (K, MO); Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Smith 811 (GAB, K, MO, PRE); Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Mexara Pan, Smith 1598 (BRI, K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Paraiba">Paraiba</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
||
do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carirí">Cariri</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pôsto">Posto</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Agro-Pequário">Agro-Pequario</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mattos and Mattos 9736 (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Burundi">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Plaine de la Rusizi au N de Bujubura, Gihanga, Van der Veken 11182 (B, U); Plaine de la Rusizi (Prov.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Burundi" name="Bubanza">Bubanza</collectingRegion>
|
||
), savane-palmeraie a hauteur du km 14 de la route Bujumbura-Cibitoke, Lambinon 75/42 (M, MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
Katunguru, Reekmans 3187 (MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Entre Moolou et Berirem, Chevalier 10102 (P); Latir Nord Bol, Dune, Gaston 749 (P); Bahr el Ghazal-Gahine, Zolotarevsky et al. 876 (P); Bagana - Ba Gara, Murat 924 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hebei">Hebei</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Peitaiha [=Beidaihe], Cowdry 213 (US);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Tianjin">Tientsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Clemens 1615 (B, BM, MO); Shen Hsien, Beach s.n. (US); Shatin, Shiu Ying Hu 12084 (A).
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Hong</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Kong: Hong Kong, Shiu Ying Hu 11785 (A, CANB). Hopei:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ch’ating">Ch'ating</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Kung 3784 (US). Heijan: Roadside ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
W of Hochien, Beach s.n. (US).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Nanking (Lotus Lake), Reeves s.n. (NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu">Sud-Kivu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Plaine Rusisi [=Rusizi], Germain 5576 (B, M). Distr. Liberec: garden in Raspenava, introduced with waste from wool processing,
|
||
<date value="1963-08-24">24 Aug. 1963</date>
|
||
, V.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jehlík">Jehlik</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. (PRA).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. [Province Unknown: Lake Manzala: Masraf Abu Aziza, Mustafa & Sabet s.n. (
|
||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/KSC77803">KSC 77803</accessionNumber>
|
||
)]
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Dumyat">Damietta District</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Ezbet El-Burg, Mashaly s.n. (K); Aus der Umgegend von
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Schweinfurth 1432 (K); Al-Faiyum District, El-Azab, Ghani 3650 (K);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Faraskûr">Faraskur</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Shabetai 33 (K); Aulad Hammam, Simpson 5183 (B);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah">Gize</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah">Kairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Kneucker 865 (MU); near
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Meinertzhagen, s.n. (BM); Fayoum, Drar 9/123 (NY);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" unit="km" value="166.0">166 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the desert road to
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Iskandariyah">Alexandria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Amin et al. s.n. (NY); An den
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rändern">Raendern</normalizedToken>
|
||
der
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bewässerungsgräben">Bewaesserungsgraeben</normalizedToken>
|
||
zwischen dem Dorfe
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gîze">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah">Gize</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
unweit
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah">Kairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Kneucker 254 (PR, US); Between Hamul and Baltin, Hefnawy s.n. (K); Lake-side, Manzale N of
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Egypt" name="Dumyat">Damietta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Simpson 1451 (K);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wâdi">Wadi</normalizedToken>
|
||
el
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gedîol-Dâkhlao">Gediol-Dakhlao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, E part of the oasis below Balat and Ismant (Smint), Walter s.n. (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ethiopia" name="Oromiya">Oromia</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Lake Alemaya (Haramaia),
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ethiopia" name="Nationalities">Burger</collectingRegion>
|
||
3607 (PRE, US); South shore of Lake Alemaya,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
on the road from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ethiopia" name="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ethiopia" name="Hareri Hizb">Harar</collectingRegion>
|
||
, de Wilde 4789 (B, MO); NW shore of Lake Langano, Ash 1377(K, MO) and 2644 (K); Lake Awasa, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Shashamane, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 7016 (B, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Wollkammerei, Kuhbier s.n. (B).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Horsfield s.n. (BM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Kerala">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Vembanad Lake near Alleppey, Vencoba Rao 4061 (K).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="India" name="West Bengal">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Salt Lake, Calcutta (Kolkata), Clarke 21605 (BM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Basrah:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah">Basra</collectingRegion>
|
||
[h], Omar & Omar 35105 (K); Ambadi
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah">Basra</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Graham 535 (BM); Garma inter
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah">Basra</collectingRegion>
|
||
et Qurna, Rechinger 15815 (B, K, M, S, UC, US, W). Al-Chibayish: Al-Chibayish [as Chabaish], Thamer 50106 (K). Unknown: Maqil, Rechinger 8451 (M, W); Kabajish, Springfield 12545 (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Venice: Venice, Eggert s.n. (NY, KSC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Coast: Malindi, Banks of Sabaki Riv., Bogdan 2605 (UC). Rift Valley: Mile 5 from the Sobo Rd.-Galana Riv. turnoff, Greenway & Kanuri 12759 (P); West Shore of Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Kenya" name="Baringo">Baringo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Bogdan 4102 (P, US); W side of Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Kenya" name="Baringo">Baringo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Burney & Burney B66 (NY); Masai Distr: N end of Lake Natron, SW of Shombole Mt., Milne-Redhead & Taylor 7010 (B, K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ambohimena (Marovoay, Ouest), Bosser 8357 (P); Marovoay, Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
11216 (P).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Antanimora (Pce. du Fort-Dauphin), Decary 4636 (P); Vohitany, Bosser 15614 (P); Vohitany, Bekily, Bosser 15686 (P); Ambovombe, Decary s.n. (P); Beloha-Ranolava (Tsihombe), Zolotarevsky 2623-37 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Polambe plain near Rjalo Island, Jackson 582 (K, US); Dwangwa Riv., Jackson 1111 (K); Fort Johnston, Jackson s.n. (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Inhambane">Inhambane</collectingRegion>
|
||
: San Sebastian, Mogg 29142 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Maputo">Maputo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Maputo">Maputo</collectingRegion>
|
||
[as Lourenco Marques], entre a Costa do Sol e Vila Luiza, a
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
da vila, Fidalgo de Carvalho 1446 (MO);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Maputo">Maputo</collectingRegion>
|
||
[as L. Marques], estrada para a Costa do Sol, Balsinhas 656 (B); Inhaca Island,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7014912" unit="mi" value="23.0">23 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Lourenco Marques, Mogg 29850 (PRE); Inhaca Island, Mogg 29799 (MO).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Sofala">Sofala</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Beira, Hitchcock 24410 (US). Myanmar. Bago: Bago [as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Pegu”">"Pegu"</normalizedToken>
|
||
], Kurz 1105 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Zambezi">Caprivi</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Asheshe area, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Asheshwe village, Ward 36 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Hardap">Hardap</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Gibeon:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="km" value="63.0">63 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Tses along Marietal-Keetmanshhop Hwy, Davidse & Loxton 6342 (BRI, MO, PRE, US); Farm Helmer
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">inghausen</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Kinges 2198 (PRE); NNW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maltahöhe">Maltahoehe</normalizedToken>
|
||
on Rd. D850 to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Büllspoort">Buellspoort</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Bullsport], Smook 9338 (US).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="//Karas">Karas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Along Hwy B4, ca. 62 Road km E of Goageb, ca. 40 Road km SW of Keetmanshoop, along Fish Riv., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
N of bridge over river, just downstream from cement irrigation channel over river, Snow & Burgoyne 7176 (K, KSP, MO, PRE, WIND);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Hardap">Hardap Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 34.4 road km N on C14 from junction of C14/C13, between Helmeringhausen and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maltahöhe">Maltahoehe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Snow & Burgoyne 7196 (K, KSP, MO, PRE, WIND);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Maltahohe on Rd. no. 36 to Sesriem, Ellis 4779 (PRE). Kohmas: Neudam Exp. Farm, Van Vuuren 1033 (K, PRE); In vlei at Ludwein near Windhoek, Liebenberg 5074 (UC).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Kunene">Kunene</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Etosha Game Park,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7702784" unit="mi" value="11.0">11 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Okandeka waterhold, Tinley 1202 (K); Etosha N.P.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="nürdlich">nuerdlich</normalizedToken>
|
||
von Okaukuejo am Weg nach Okondeka, Giess &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
13960 (M, PRE); Estosha Game Park border, Ekuma Riv., Tinley 1140 (K).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Ohangwena">Ohangwena</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ovamboland Nature Reserve, de Winter & Giess 6916 (K)
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Kavango West">Okavango</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Klein Omuramba
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Runth, de Winter 4076 (K).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Omaheke">Omaheke</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Farm Omupanda,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Hochveld, Gibbs Russell & Smook 5356 (K) and 5357 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Oshana">Oshana</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ondangua, Soini s.n. (H).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Oshikoto">Oshikoto</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Oniipa, Soini s.n. (H).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">Otjozondjupa</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Sonop Research Stn, Strohbach 2309 (K);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.680984319999999" unit="mi" value="35.3">35.3 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Taumeb on road to Otavi, de Winter 2916 (K);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Maltahohe on Rd. no. 36 to Sesriem, Ellis 4779 (PRE); Farm Tjo Noord,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Kalkveld, Gibbs Russell and Smook 5248 (K); Waterberg Omuramba, Volk 1420 (US). Region unknown: Ab loco, Felmer 456 (US). Niger. Zinder: Zinder, Hagerup 576 (GH, S). Region unknown: Point Sabonjari, Boudet 5040 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Bornu:
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">North Eastern State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Baga Lake Chad Border, Wit et al. 1474 (MO); N of Mardufuri, de Leeun 1896 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Pakistan" name="Punjab">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
: ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
|
||
from Lahore on way to Baidyan, Qaiser 3551 (K, TAES).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Western: Mainland, opposite Daru Island, Brass 6065 (BM, GH, NY, US); Near Bula Village, at mouth of Morehead Riv., Pullen 7029 (A, K, US); near Mabaduan Hill,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
WSW of Daru, Paijmans 1501 (CANB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Luzon:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Philippines" name="Manila">Manila</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Merrill 554a (B, BM, K, PR, UC, US); Hot Springs, Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Gates 6348 (KSC); Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Merrill 5104 (K, US, W); Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Williams 2027 (K, NY, US);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Philippines" name="Manila">Manila</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Santos 27 (US); Barrio Tanuk, Buluan Marsh, SE bank of Buluan Lake, Vera Santos 5969 (B, US).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Philippines" name="Pampanga">Pampanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Masantol, "Fishery Student" s.n. (PNH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[provinces unknown]; km 106,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Saudi Arabia" name="Makkah">Makkah</collectingRegion>
|
||
by-pass, Collenette 3938 (K); Al-Taif, Al-Hada region, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
from Al-Taif, Fayed 1151 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Senegal" name="Dakar">Dakar</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Hann, Adam 14090 (MO); Rufisque, Rte de Mbour, Adam 2273 (MO);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Senegal" name="Dakar">Dakar</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bongo, Audru 2783 (P); Rufisque, Route de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’Bour">M'Bour</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Adam 2273 (MO). Kaolak: Ravin des Voleurs, Berhaut 3784 (P); Kaolak, Trochain 4035 (P); Kaolak, Berhaut 626 (P).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Senegal" name="Louga">Louga</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Menguilé">Menguile</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Ferlo, Mosnier 2405 (P).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Senegal" name="Saint-Louis">Saint-Louis</collectingRegion>
|
||
: St. Louis, Berhaut 2813 (P); St. Louis, Khor Marshes, Hepper 3613 (P); Tiguet, Audru 2938 (P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Diael">N'Diael</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Audru 2982 (P). Unknown: Mbidjem, rive W du Tanma, Raynal 6559 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Singapore">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Perak, Ag. Officer 35646 (BM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Districts (Northern, Western, Eastern): Beaufort West Distr., Farm Layton, Shearing 267 (K); Dist. Swellendam, Nat. Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 7204 (K); Near Riversdale, Muir 2859 (K); Gordonia, Kalahri Bemgsbok N.P., Leistner 1017 (K); Ft. Beaufort, between Ulster and Mooiriver, Smook 4033 (K); Dist. East London, Bulura Mouth, Eacocks 15785 (K);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">Dunswart</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, near Johannesburg, Moss 13959 (K); Duivenhoksrivier,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Vermaaklikheid on road to Heidelberg, Davidse 33779A (MO); Springbok Dist., Namaqualand, top of Wildeperdehoek Pass SW of Springbok, Goldblatt 2820 (MO); Piquetberg, Liedenberg 4266 (UC); Upington, Gordonia Distr., Liebenberg 4163 (P, UC); Buffelsrivier valley between Pedroskloof and Bobbejaanhoek on road to Rooifontein, Davidse 33309 (MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Humansdorp on road to
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
St. Francis, Davidse 33626 (MO); NW...on Holbakrivier in small port, Smook 3858 (K, US); Carnarvon, Acock 1737 (US);
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Good Hope at Douglas Heights, NW of Grahamstown, Godfrey and Storey SH-1362 (US); Hardenbeck Riv. dam cistern on Excelsior Farm, Hugo 2286 (MO, US); Farm Lemoenkop 337, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Lemoenkop farmhouse, just S of True Beacon
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" unit="in" value="25.0">25 in</quantity>
|
||
drainage channel, Le Roux & Lloyd 94 (PRE); Nat. Kalahari Gembsbokpark, Liebenberg 7080 (PRE); Obobogorap, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="120.0">120 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NW of Upington, Leistner 1781 (PRE); Nat. Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 7204 (PRE); Kleinemonde, Ward 8897 (PRE); (Ubombo) Lower Mkuze floodplain, Ward 8785 (K); Paterson,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
off main road to Addo, Smook 3768 (K, PRE);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="km" value="53.0">53 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Graaff Reinet on small running stream below homestead, Smook 3896 (K, PRE); Karoo N.P., Doornhoek, Bengis 462 (PRE); Grootfontein, Theron 701 (PRE); Beaufort West Distr., Farm Layton, Shearing 380 (PRE); Kalahari Gembsbok Park, Mata-Mata, Van Rooyen and Bredenkamp 115 (CM); Kaffraria, Burtt-Davy 12786 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Free State">Free State</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
from Luckhoff on road to Jacobsdal, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2456 (K); Boskop (363) langs Petrusburg-Boshofpad, Muller 1304 (K); Small pan just S of Mayhem Pan, Edwards 4159 (K);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
from Petrusburg on road to Boshof, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2498 (K, PRE, US);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
|
||
from Petrusburg on road to Boshof at Modder Riv. Bridge, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2501 (K, PRE, US);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
from Bultfontein on road to Brandfort, Ellis 3653 (PRE); Bloemfontein, du Preez 1884 (PRE); ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Odendaalsrus, Smook 6501 (BRI);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
from Luckhoff on road to Phillipolis, Smook 2879 (PRE);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
from Bultfontein on road to Brandfort, Smook 2728a (PRE); Distr. Harrismith, Mont Pelaan, Ferreira F212 (P); Mont Pelaan, Harrismith, Ferreira 212 (P).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Gauteng">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Benoni, Bradfield T371 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal">Kwazulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Bridge over St Lucia Estuary, Ellis 3410 (PRE); St. Lucia Lake, Hlabisa, Zululand, Liebenberg 5903 (UC); South Coast, Pole-Evans 778 (PRE); Bridge over St Lucia Estuary, Ellis 3410 (PRE); Falce Bay Park, Ward 7724 (PRE); Bartlow Combine bay Hluhluwe Wildtuin,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
van Mkuzi op pad na Mtubatuba, draai na Weste vir
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
, du Toit 660 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Limpopo">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Ellis 1908 (PRE);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Chrissiesmeer, Smook 4905 (K); On Farm Mosdene, Distr. Naboomspoint, Liebenberg 4424 (UC); Dist. Bloemhof, SA Lombard Nature Reserve, Leistner 78 (K); Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Davidse 5875 (BRI, K); Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Ellis 1908 (PRE); Kruger N.P., Shingwidzi rest camp, Oakes 1455 (US); Kruger N.P.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0577536" unit="mi" value="19.0">19 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NE of Skukuza, De Winter and Codd 560 (BM, K); Kruger N.P., near Malonga Spring, Oakes 1483 (US); Wanetzi, Van der Schyff 508 (PRE);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7014912" unit="mi" value="23.0">23 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SE of Punda Maria, De Winter & Codd 674 (BM, K, PRE); Mosdene farm Naboomspruit [Mookgophong], Germishuizen 42 (PRE); Naboomspruit, Schweickerdt 1791 (BM);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Rust der Winter Dam, De Winter & Codd 248 (BM, CANB). Mpuma
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">langa</pageBreakToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
from Lake Chrissie near the shore of the lake, Loxton 398 (PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="North West">North West</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Beneath spillway of small (ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall) earthen dam, located below N side of road ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
, on N14 Hwy, 4.1 road km E of Kuruman, Snow & Burgoyne 7108 (K, MO, PRE);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7702784" unit="mi" value="11.0">11 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NNE of Lichtenbrug on road to Koster, Scheepers 1495 (K, PRE); W of Biessiesvlie, Farm Holfontein, Smook 6628 (PRE, RSA); Knopfontein 101 IP, near Coligny, Pan no. 7, Allan 117 (PRE); Knopfontein 101 IP, Pan no. 7, Allan 134 (BRI, PRE); Bloemhof, Lombard Nature Reserve, Gemsbokpan, Leistner 2108 (K, M, PRE); Bloemhoef, Lombard Nature Reserve, Jeffers 400 (PRE), Lombard Nature Reserve, Oeistner 78 (BM). Unknown: Malathlopanga, Van der Schyff 5658 (M, K, PRE); W of Biessiesvlei, Farm Holfontein, Smook 6228 (PRE, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Jaffna: Near Ampan, Clayton 5236 (CANB, K, TAES, US); ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NW of Jaffna, along the coastal road, Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 9119 (BRI, CANB, K, MO, TAES, US); Keerimalai to Point Pedro, Clayton 5201 (CANB, K, TAES, US); Near Chavakachcheri, Clayton 5255 (CANB, K, TAES, US). Mannar: Mantai, Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 9174 (BRI, CANB, K, MO, NY, TAES, US). Puttalam: Puttalam, sea front, Clayton 5664 (CANB, K, TAES, US); Puttalam, sea front, Clayton 5665 (US); Trincomalee Dist., ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi.</quantity>
|
||
due S of Tamaivillu, Davidse 7581 (CANB, US). Province Unknown: ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NE of Hambantota, marker 154/4, Gould 13458 (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">Skane</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lackalänge">Lackalaenge</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Furuland, Blom s.n. (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Little Quemoy, Chuang 4459 (UC, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Arusha">Arusha</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Sanya Plain, Arusha-Moshi, Leippert 6455 (M); Ngorogoro Crater, Greenway & Kanuri 12535 (P); Ngorogoro Crater floor, Gorigor swamp, western end, Raynal 19521 (P); Ngorogoro Crater, Heady 1517 (UC); Tituski Riv. near Lake Magadi, Greenway & Turner 10043 (US); Nyumba ya Munga Lake, at Magadini fishing village, Mhoro &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Backéus">Backeus</normalizedToken>
|
||
2025 (MO).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Mara">Mara</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Musoma Distr., Mbalageti Riv., Greenway 9027 (B, PRE).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Mbeya">Mbeya</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ikoga,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="100.0">100 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of Iringo, Heady 1871 (MO, UC).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Bullock 3439 (B); Near Kampunda, Bullock 3605 (US).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Tanga">Tanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mkomazi Valley, Semsei 3964 (P). Province Unknown: Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Extension, Michelmore 738 (US); Milepa, Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Rukwa">Rukwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Michelmore 1418 (BM, MO); SW Serengeti Plains, headwaters of the Mbalangeti Riv., Greenway et al. 13183 (K, MO); Northern Province, Scout 618 (NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Paknam,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sørensen">Sorensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al 2038 (A, B, K, P); Ab. loc., Kerr 16107 (BM, K); Hua Hiss, Kerr 16126 (BM, K); Tachin, Kerr 8975a (K); Palanam, Kerr 20441 (K, US); Paknam,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sørensen">Sorensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 98 (K); Paknam,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sørensen">Sorensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2035 (B, K); Tacheen, near
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Krung Thep Mahanakhon">Bankok</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Marcan 1812 (BM); Kao Tao, Kerr 16183 (BM, K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Butiaba, Lake Albert, Greenway & Eggeling 7047 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Barming, Mason J/67/K1 (K); Blackmoor, N. Hants, Lousley 1348 (BM, K); Charlton, Webster 8899 (BM, K) and Webster 2053 (K); Blackmoor fruit farm, grown on at Ware, Herts, Hanson 162 (BM); Blackmoor, Wurzell 1086 (MO) and Lousley 2914 (K) and Lousley 3008 (K) and Webster 7005 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="California">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Kern Co., Isabella Lake bed, old Kern Riv. channel ca. 1/
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi.</quantity>
|
||
S of of the old Borel Canal Bridge, Twisselmann 6491 (MO). Santa Barbara Co., San Jose Ck. at Southern Pacific RR crossing, Goleta, Pollard s.n. (MO). Yolo Co.,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SW of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Knight’s">Knight's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Landing, Rose 69041 (FSU, GH, MICH, MO, NY, RSA, SMU).
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="South Carolina">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Berkeley Co., Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jameston on SC Rte 45,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Ahles</pageBreakToken>
|
||
& Haesloop 53442 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 47048 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 52773 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 43027 (NCU). Florence Co., Wellman Wool Combing Mill, N of Johnsonville on SC Rt. 41, Ahles 42895 (MO, USCH); ibid., Ahles 42984 (NCU), Ahles & Haesloop 30873 (NCU), and Ahles & Haesloop 30876 (NCU), and Ahles 42895 (OKL).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Rada, Westinga 3 (K); just N of Rada, Wood 3207 (BM, K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Uruguay">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Uruguay" name="San Jose">
|
||
San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Uruguay" name="San Jose">
|
||
San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Puerto Tres Bocas, Rosengurtt B-7316 (P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Kabwe: Kakumbasa Riv., Verboom 3185 (K). Senanga: Barotseland, Mulonga and Siloana plains, Verboom 1125 (BM, K). Districts unconfirmed: Kafue flats, Magabuka, Astle 1404 (K) and Greenway 6228 (K); Monze, near Lochinvar, Rensburg 2707 (K); Lochinvar estates, Trapnell 1112 (K); Fort Jameson, Van Rensburg 2135 (B); Kafue N.P., Mitchell 24/42 (B, BM); Muckle Neuk,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Choma, Robinson 587 (M);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Choma, Robinson 2857 (M, P); Njeju Game Reserve, Verboom 749 (BM, K); Kakumbasa Riv., Kabwe rural, Verboom 3185 (MO); Lake Chisi, E of Mwera wa Ntipa, Michelmore 428 (K).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Gwampa Forest Reserve, Goldsmith 10/56 (B, BRI, CANB, NY, P, UC, US); Lower Sabi District, Rattray 1235 (BRI, P, US); Shashi Irrigation Scheme,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
SE of Tuli, Drummond 5924 (BM); Sentinel Ranch, some
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N of Pazhi-Limpopo confluence, Drummond 5982 (BM); Beaufort West, Bleak House Farm, Gibbs Russell et al. 370 (MO); Ft. Beaufort, 3226 DD Alice,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Woodstock”">"Woodstock"</normalizedToken>
|
||
H. E.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matthews’">Matthews'</normalizedToken>
|
||
farm, Giffen 1624 (MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |