202 lines
22 KiB
XML
202 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1143-93" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5E978E6177BE5B39B380B105500D7DA5" ID-ZooBank="9156C6A84BF5472FA7010C2F089CE134" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1143-93" checkinTime="1675260478037" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis, Smit, John T. & Ljubomirov, Toshko" docDate="2023" docId="22A1A356A2285D94AA43DCEF05405521" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1143: 93-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1143" docPubDate="2023-01-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951" docTitle="Eumenes cyrenaicus Bluethgen 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="5E978E6177BE5B39B380B105500D7DA5" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="5E978E6177BE5B39B380B105500D7DA5" masterDocTitle="Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1675260478037" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kees@vanachterberg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smit, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-5183</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands & European Invertebrate Survey - Netherlands, P. O. 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ljubomirov, Toshko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzar Osvoboditel Boulevard 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:end>163</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1143-93</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9156C6A84BF5472FA7010C2F089CE134</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5E978E6177BE5B39B380B105500D7DA5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22A1A356A2285D94AA43DCEF05405521" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22A1A356A2285D94AA43DCEF05405521" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3CDFW" LSID="22A1A356-A228-5D94-AA43-DCEF05405521" authority="Bluethgen, 1938" authorityName="Bluethgen" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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Eumenes cyrenaicus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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, 1938
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–64" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 55 - 64. Eumenes cyrenaicus Bluethgen, Italy (Sardinia), female 55 metasoma lateral 56 first metasomal tergite dorsal 57 first tergite ventral 58 mesosoma dorsal 59 mesoscutum and scutellum lateral 60 head anterior 61 head and propleuron lateral 62 hind tarsal claw 63 antenna 64 second metasomal tergite dorso-lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951.figures55-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803434" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figs 55-64</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 65–74" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 65 - 74. Eumenes cyrenaicus Bluethgen, Morocco, male 65 metasoma lateral 66 first metasomal tergite dorsal 67 first tergite ventral 68 head and mesosoma dorsal 69 head posteriorly and propleuron lateral 70 mesoscutum and scutellum lateral 71 head anterior 72 head and mesosoma lateral 73 antenna 74 apical hook of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951.figures65-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803435" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 65-74</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes dubius subsp. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dubius" subSpecies="cyrenaicus">Eumenes dubius cyrenaicus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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, 1938: 464, 468.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes (Eumenes) dubius subsp. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dubius" subGenus="Eumenes" subSpecies="cyrenaicus">Eumenes (Eumenes) dubius cyrenaicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 200" refId="B84" refString="van der Vecht, J, Fischer, FCJ, 1972. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio 8: 1 - 200" title="Palaearctic Eumenidae." volume="8" year="1972">van der Vecht and Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 127 (literature before 1972).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authority="cyrenaicus" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes (Eumenes) cyrenaicus subsp. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyrenaicus" subGenus="Eumenes" subSpecies="cyrenaicus">Eumenes (Eumenes) cyrenaicus cyrenaicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" author="Dal Pos, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 111" refId="B21" refString="Dal Pos, D, Carpenter, JM, Uliana, M, 2022. The Giordani Soika collection of Eumeninae at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue: Catalogue of species and type specimens (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zootaxa 5137 (1): 1 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" title="The Giordani Soika collection of Eumeninae at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue: Catalogue of species and type specimens (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" volume="5137" year="2022">Dal Pos et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes dubius subsp. var. var. congruens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="dubius" subSpecies="var." variety="congruens">Eumenes dubius cyrenaicus var. congruens</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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, 1938: 464;
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<bibRefCitation author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 200" refId="B84" refString="van der Vecht, J, Fischer, FCJ, 1972. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio 8: 1 - 200" title="Palaearctic Eumenidae." volume="8" year="1972">van der Vecht and Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 127 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">E. cyrenaicus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes dubius subsp. var. var. pseudogermanica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="dubius" subSpecies="var." variety="pseudogermanica">Eumenes dubius dubius var. pseudogermanica</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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, 1938: 464.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes (Eumenes) dubius subsp. pseudogermanicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dubius" subGenus="Eumenes" subSpecies="pseudogermanicus">Eumenes (Eumenes) dubius pseudogermanicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 200" refId="B84" refString="van der Vecht, J, Fischer, FCJ, 1972. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Hymenopterorum catalogus nova editio 8: 1 - 200" title="Palaearctic Eumenidae." volume="8" year="1972">van der Vecht and Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 127.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes cyrenaicus subsp. pseudogermanicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyrenaicus" subSpecies="pseudogermanicus">Eumenes cyrenaicus pseudogermanicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B47" refString="Giordani Soika, A, Borsato, W, 1995. Hymenoptera Vespoidea. In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana 103: 1 - 9" title="Hymenoptera Vespoidea." volume="103" year="1995">Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 7;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitrage" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="561 - 584" refId="B52" refString="Gusenleitner, J, 1999. Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und suedeuropaeischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera) Teil 11. Die Gattungen Discoelius Latreille 1809, Eumenes Latreille 1802, Katamenes Meade-Waldo 1910, Delta Saussure 1855, Ischnogasteroides Magretti 1884 und Pareumenes Saussure 1855. Linzer Biologische Beitrage 31 (2): 561 - 584" title="Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und suedeuropaeischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera) Teil 11. Die Gattungen Discoelius Latreille 1809, Eumenes Latreille 1802, Katamenes Meade-Waldo 1910, Delta Saussure 1855, Ischnogasteroides Magretti 1884 und Pareumenes Saussure 1855." volume="31" year="1999">Gusenleitner 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 571,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitrage" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="5 - 107" refId="B53" refString="Gusenleitner, J, 2013. Die Gattungen der Eumeninae im Nahen Osten, in Nordafrika und in Arabien (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage 45 (1): 5 - 107" title="Die Gattungen der Eumeninae im Nahen Osten, in Nordafrika und in Arabien (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)." volume="45" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 27;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsato, W" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="127 - 150" refId="B14" refString="Borsato, W, Turrisi, GF, 2004. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidae di Sicilia (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 55: 127 - 150" title="Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidae di Sicilia (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea)." volume="55" year="2004">Borsato and Turrisi 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 144;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsato, W" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="123 - 147" refId="B13" refString="Borsato, W, 2006. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidae di Sardegna e note sulla fauna corsa (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 57: 123 - 147" title="Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidae di Sardegna e note sulla fauna corsa (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea)." volume="57" year="2006">Borsato 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 142.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes (Eumenes) cyrenaicus subsp. pseudogermanicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cyrenaicus" subGenus="Eumenes" subSpecies="pseudogermanicus">Eumenes (Eumenes) cyrenaicus pseudogermanicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" author="Dal Pos, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 111" refId="B21" refString="Dal Pos, D, Carpenter, JM, Uliana, M, 2022. The Giordani Soika collection of Eumeninae at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue: Catalogue of species and type specimens (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zootaxa 5137 (1): 1 - 111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" title="The Giordani Soika collection of Eumeninae at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue: Catalogue of species and type specimens (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5137.1.1" volume="5137" year="2022">Dal Pos et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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: 15.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bluethgen" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumenes cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Eumenes cyrenaicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similarly coloured as
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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, 1938 from Asia Minor, but
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the yellow stripe of the eye incision narrow or absent (wide in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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) and the clypeus sparser setose (densely silvery setose in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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). Males can be separated by the shape of the antennal hook (in ventral view normal in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and widened in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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) and sculpture of fifth sternite (distinctly punctate in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and punctulate in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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). Typical
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" form="palaestinensis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius subsp. f." order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="form" species="dubius" subSpecies="f.">E. dubius f. palaestinensis</taxonomicName>
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has the apical lamella of the second tergite yellow and in
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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light brown or yellowish (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 65–74" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 65 - 74. Eumenes cyrenaicus Bluethgen, Morocco, male 65 metasoma lateral 66 first metasomal tergite dorsal 67 first tergite ventral 68 head and mesosoma dorsal 69 head posteriorly and propleuron lateral 70 mesoscutum and scutellum lateral 71 head anterior 72 head and mesosoma lateral 73 antenna 74 apical hook of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951.figures65-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803435" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">65</figureCitation>
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); Sardinia, Spain and Portugal, N Africa) to blackish brown (Italy, N Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, but sometimes also pale brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–64" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 55 - 64. Eumenes cyrenaicus Bluethgen, Italy (Sardinia), female 55 metasoma lateral 56 first metasomal tergite dorsal 57 first tergite ventral 58 mesosoma dorsal 59 mesoscutum and scutellum lateral 60 head anterior 61 head and propleuron lateral 62 hind tarsal claw 63 antenna 64 second metasomal tergite dorso-lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.94951.figures55-64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803434" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">55</figureCitation>
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);
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B51" refString="Gusenleitner, J, 1972. Uebersicht ueber die derzeit bekannten westpalaearktischen Arten der Gattung Eumenes Latr. 1802 (Hym. Vespoidea). Bollettino del Museo civico di storia naturale di Venezia XXII-XXIII: 67-117." title="Uebersicht ueber die derzeit bekannten westpalaearktischen Arten der Gattung Eumenes Latr. 1802 (Hym. Vespoidea). Bollettino del Museo civico di storia naturale di Venezia XXII-XXIII: 67 - 117." year="1972">Gusenleitner (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already mentioned the variability of this character for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dubius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Asia. The separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sareptanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="sareptanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. sareptanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly based on colour differences and, therefore, may be problematic. In general, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. cyrenaicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="cyrenaicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. cyrenaicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a more robust first tergite, including the petiolate part and males have the antennal hook more curved than in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sareptanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="sareptanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. sareptanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">North Africa, South Europe (*Spain, *Portugal, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), *N Macedonia, *Bulgaria, *Greece) and *Turkey.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |