treatments-xml/data/22/54/ED/2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB.xml
2024-06-21 12:31:24 +02:00

191 lines
20 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="88424C3D7FEEDF3860FBBFB5CEEECA9F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1215.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5064764" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625282670396" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pogue, Michael G." docDate="2006" docId="2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01215p096.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1215 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1215.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Protolampra brunneicollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="DE6D9544BF6DFFD15B7FFFE7356E4B6C" masterDocTitle="The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698986046243" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="507A849D7BAA5CF82FF213C6501FD749" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1BE2600F7B11027419CC199AC118AD18">
<mods:title id="7054EC4A07CD22D3ADEE9805EEA0B945">The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BA388EB37ADECCCF5086596DBDDC4310" type="personal">
<mods:role id="55C04248EE1F8C80C45B24B3A42414EB">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D5F39DAD24B8C9F793BC3110282A5DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="55168861552A03DC852BCEC57021A6D9">Pogue, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1502766DCB51B0F09DBE0A36C0DDBF8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8764F1C3DD4F8165CAE79508C41C75C2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="ECFEEF3C3A72B3CAE4E9CAB23BE3B305">
<mods:title id="2B039BBC325E952DE87D7072A3FD6FDA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2FAAAB288EB25570179C30DE9F166ADD">
<mods:date id="9AE829177501CD0B27034D4CC77B75BE">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3768B9EFBBB763CAB08103D9C52C7A9D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F1A2311E18FE5117766AEE4429973BEC">2006-05-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="05D9A686DA5D84C8B385E1CC9391F8BC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AD0CB342154CCF63F62AFA6BB32FABB6">1215</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C81C846769FCF13D707DA61E428C6F20" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E7BB006182FE0FFF3ADFB708EDA4ACB9">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="96EC520D759AB263C119BDA470D3243B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="FD16CAB907F9CA3C75D52E5DEA967FDE">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C3FB3299AB70851FF35420317AAC2229">95</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="AD254D76AA8D9435E395C447CDAD14DC">
<mods:url id="69798F8DA3C75C11654E108A21A884D7">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1215.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="151BBCEAEAD5059B265C79C5A57D033A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="30D273BDD426B95B17A403C0D1EAD826" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1215.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="118870693EF166C47182606580800FDB" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85A3B056EBD5593BBB3450ED120C8F1A" type="Zenodo-Dep">5064764</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DF4B76C14F118505AAE7FE92EB18680B" type="ZooBank">B89D6B58-561B-48A5-B7D7-51B5C30B93CC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5066607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="E2E70FA1BF58FFE45A77F95B368F4DBA" box="[264,993,1724,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF58FFE45A77F95B368F4DBA" blockId="53.[264,993,1724,1785]" box="[264,993,1724,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="F10AEB46BF58FFE45A77F95B368F4DBA" bold="true" box="[264,993,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="98898038BF58FFE45A77F95B368F4DBA" bold="true" box="[264,993,1724,1750]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
22.
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF58FFE45A4BF95B37B94DBA" ID-CoL="93BRY" authority="(Grote)" baseAuthorityName="Grote" box="[308,727,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protolampra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneicollis">
<emphasis id="98898038BF58FFE45A4BF95B371A4DBA" bold="true" box="[308,628,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Protolampra brunneicollis</emphasis>
(Grote)
</taxonomicName>
Brown­collared Dart
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E70FA1BF58FFE75A77F938363A4DEB" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF58FFE45A77F93834B94D95" blockId="53.[264,993,1724,1785]" box="[264,471,1759,1785]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
(
<figureCitation id="32C640AFBF58FFE45A6EF93834084D95" box="[273,358,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURES 5764" captionStartId="84.[264,383,315,339]" captionText="FIGURES 5764. Adults. 57, Diarsia rubifera, f, Nova Scotia, Queens Co., Lake Kajimukujik, 9 Aug. 1961, D.C. Ferguson; 58, Eueretagrotis attentus, m, Nova Scotia, Halifax Co., West Dover, 18 July 1968, D.C. Ferguson; 59; Eueretagrotis perattentus, m, North Carolina, Swain Co., 1 rd. mi N Clingmans Dome, GSMNP, 5960 ft., 10 June 2002, Powell &amp; Rubinoff, USNMENT 00153995; 60, Eueretagrotis sigmoides, m, Tennessee, Sevier Co., 6 mi S Sugarlands Visitor Center, 3320 ft., GSMNP, 24 June 2001, D.R. Davis, USNMENT 00153717; 61, Lycophotia phyllophora, f, North Carolina, Haywood Co., Purchase Knob, N of house, GSMNP, 4998 ft., 1 Aug. 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00218665; 62, Noctua pronuba, m, North Carolina, Haywood Co, Purchase Knob, NE of house, field, 4925 ft., GSMNP, 31 July 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00156838; 63, Protolampra brunneicollis, m, North Carolina, Haywood Co, Purchase Knob, NE of house, field, 4925 ft., GSMNP, 2 Aug. 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00218834; 64, Pseudohermonassa bicarnea, m, North Carolina, Swain Co., 3.3 mi NE Clingmans Dome parking lot, Fork Ridge Trail, GSMNP, 5780 ft., 29 July 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00156794." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
, Map 40)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF58FFE75A77F8C837424ABA" blockId="53.[264,1323,1839,1905]" lastBlockId="54.[264,1323,284,753]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="98898038BF58FFE45A77F8C834D54C25" bold="true" box="[264,443,1839,1865]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Identification:</emphasis>
Forewing length 16.018.0 mm.
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF58FFE45802F8D731AE4C25" box="[893,1216,1840,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protolampra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneicollis">
<emphasis id="98898038BF58FFE45802F8D731AE4C25" box="[893,1216,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Protolampra brunneicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified by the dark brown to reddish brown head and prothoracic collar and light brown, faintly marked forewings. Orbicular and reniform spots are the same as the ground color or slightly lighter, outlined in black. Transverse lines are indistinct, consisting at most of short wavy lines and small black dots. A conspicuous black triangular spot is present on costa between postmedial and subterminal lines. Hindwing is dirty white with slightly darker highlighted veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A47FE0436A34A92" blockId="54.[264,1323,284,753]" box="[312,973,483,510]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A47FE04348B4A91" bold="true" box="[312,485,483,509]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Flight period:</emphasis>
Collected from late May to mid­October.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A47FDEC31E3499D" blockId="54.[264,1323,284,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A47FDEC37434949" bold="true" box="[312,557,523,549]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Collected localities:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="1A955677BF5BFFE75948FDEB36D449CD" collectorName="Purchase Knob &amp; Purchase Knob N &amp; Purchase Knob NE &amp; Big Cove Road" county="Haywood Co." location="Deep Creek Ranger Station" municipality="Swain Co." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<collectingRegion id="683992C8BF5BFFE75948FDEB3780494A" box="[567,750,524,550]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="432324A6BF5BFFE75984FDEB36CC494A" box="[763,930,524,550]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Haywood Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE758CEFDEB3106494A" box="[945,1128,524,550]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Purchase Knob</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75F09FDEB3044494A" box="[1142,1322,524,550]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Purchase Knob</collectorName>
at house,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75A03FDD337214922" box="[380,591,564,590]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Purchase Knob N</collectorName>
of house forest,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75864FDD3316F4922" box="[795,1025,564,590]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Purchase Knob NE</collectorName>
of house field,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75FBFFDD334274915" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Purchase Knob</collectorName>
nr. 1
<superScript id="5D88F162BF5BFFE75AFAFDBB34FE4906" attach="left" box="[389,400,604,618]" fontSize="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">st</superScript>
gate;
<collectingMunicipality id="4A26C650BF5BFFE75AA7FDB8373B4915" box="[472,597,607,633]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Swain Co.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE7591DFDB836794915" box="[610,791,607,633]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Big Cove Road</collectorName>
site b,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75813FDB8314C4915" box="[876,1058,607,633]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Big Cove Road</collectorName>
site c,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75F0AFDB830454915" box="[1141,1323,607,633]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Big Cove Road</collectorName>
site p,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75A26FD60377F49CD" box="[345,529,647,673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Big Cove Road</collectorName>
site w,
<location id="AF220AF1BF5BFFE7590FFD6036D449CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB:AF220AF1BF5BFFE7590FFD6036D449CD" box="[624,954,647,673]" county="Haywood Co." municipality="Swain Co." name="Deep Creek Ranger Station" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="North Carolina">Deep Creek Ranger Station</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="1A955677BF5BFFE758B8FD6031E3499D" collectorName="Cades Cove Primitive Baptist Church &amp; Foothills Parkway East &amp; Foothills Parkway" county="Blount Co." location="Cocke Co." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="60" stateProvince="Tennessee">
<collectingRegion id="683992C8BF5BFFE758B8FD60312A49CD" box="[967,1092,647,673]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="432324A6BF5BFFE75F2FFD6031BA49CD" box="[1104,1236,647,673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Blount Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75F9CFD6037EE49A5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cades Cove Primitive Baptist Church</collectorName>
;
<location id="AF220AF1BF5BFFE759F0FD48367F49A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB:AF220AF1BF5BFFE759F0FD48367F49A5" box="[655,785,687,713]" county="Blount Co." name="Cocke Co." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Tennessee">Cocke Co.</location>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE7585EFD48315449A5" box="[801,1082,687,713]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Foothills Parkway East</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75F35FD48304B49A5" box="[1098,1317,687,713]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Foothills Parkway</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE75A77FD3034B3499D" box="[264,477,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Foothills Parkway</collectorName>
south overlook,
<collectorName id="070839FCBF5BFFE759DDFD303619499D" box="[674,887,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Foothills Parkway</collectorName>
at I­40. (
<specimenCount id="BCFB97A3BF5BFFE7589CFD3031EB499D" box="[995,1157,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="generic">60 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A77FB0336FE4F90" blockId="54.[264,912,1252,1276]" box="[264,912,1252,1276]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A77FB0334024F90" bold="true" box="[264,364,1252,1276]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MAP 40.</emphasis>
Collecting localities of
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75912FB0236FE4F90" box="[621,912,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE75912FB0236E24F90" box="[621,908,1253,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protolampra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneicollis">Protolampra brunneicollis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A47FACB360F4E2B" blockId="54.[264,1323,1324,1671]" box="[312,865,1324,1351]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A47FACB37694E2A" bold="true" box="[312,519,1324,1350]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Elevation range:</emphasis>
<quantity id="6D05F1CFBF5BFFE75971FACA37DD4E2B" box="[526,691,1325,1351]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.643871999999998" metricValueMax="15.233904" metricValueMin="4.05384" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="ft" value="3164.0" valueMax="4998.0" valueMin="1330.0">13304998 ft.</quantity>
(
<quantity id="6D05F1CFBF5BFFE759BDFACA36364E2B" box="[706,856,1325,1351]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.64" metricValueMax="15.23" metricValueMin="4.05" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="964.0" valueMax="1523.0" valueMin="405.0">4051523 m</quantity>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A47FAB331384E8B" blockId="54.[264,1323,1324,1671]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A47FAB3372C4E02" bold="true" box="[312,578,1364,1390]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">General distribution:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="1A955677BF5BFFE75935FAB2313C4E8B" country="Canada" location="eastern North America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick">
This is a common species in
<location id="AF220AF1BF5BFFE758E0FAB231C44E03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2254ED3CBF58FFE75A77F95B363A4DEB:AF220AF1BF5BFFE758E0FAB231C44E03" box="[927,1194,1365,1391]" country="Canada" name="eastern North America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="New Brunswick">eastern North America</location>
from
<collectingRegion id="683992C8BF5BFFE75F8DFAB234E94EFB" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="683992C8BF5BFFE75ACFFA9A37664EFB" box="[432,520,1405,1431]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Alberta</collectingRegion>
in southern
<collectingCountry id="D2EA1CBABF5BFFE759E0FA9A37944EFB" box="[671,762,1405,1431]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
, and in the United States from Maine to North Carolina and Tennessee west to Mississippi, north to Minnesota, with scattered records in the West from North and South Dakota and Montana (
<bibRefCitation id="CE6C21DBBF5BFFE758FDFA2A31274E8B" author="Lafontaine, J. D." box="[898,1097,1485,1511]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref23206" refString="Lafontaine, J. D. (1998) Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae, Noctuini. In: Hodges, R. W., Davis, D. R., Dominick, T., Ferguson, D. C., Munroe, E. G., &amp; Powell, J. A. (Eds.), The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 25.3, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 348 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lafontaine 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA425C2ABF5BFFE75A47FA13363A4DEB" blockId="54.[264,1323,1324,1671]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75A47FA13348C4D62" bold="true" box="[312,482,1524,1550]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Larval hosts:</emphasis>
Larvae have been reared on blueberry (
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE758A3FA1231F84D63" box="[988,1174,1525,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE758A3FA1231384D62" box="[988,1110,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vaccinium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE75FD7FA1230714D63" box="[1192,1311,1525,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
), common dandelion (
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE75977F9FA31214D5B" authority="G. H. Weber ex Wiggers" authorityName="Wiggers" box="[520,1103,1565,1591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinale">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75977F9FA36694D5A" box="[520,775,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Taraxacum officinale</emphasis>
G. H. Weber ex Wiggers
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE75F1EF9FA31884D5B" box="[1121,1254,1565,1591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
), and sweet­fern (
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE75ADFF9A237FC4D32" box="[416,658,1605,1630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asplenifolia">
<emphasis id="98898038BF5BFFE75ADFF9A237FC4D32" box="[416,658,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Myrica asplenifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="6DFD27A9BF5BFFE759A6F9A2360A4D33" box="[729,868,1605,1631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myricaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="CE6C21DBBF5BFFE758F9F9A231454D33" author="Crumb, S. E." box="[902,1067,1605,1631]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref22901" refString="Crumb, S. E. (1956) The larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1135, 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb 1956</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="CE6C21DBBF5BFFE75F34F9A230444D33" author="Lafontaine, J. D." box="[1099,1322,1605,1631]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref23206" refString="Lafontaine, J. D. (1998) Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae, Noctuini. In: Hodges, R. W., Davis, D. R., Dominick, T., Ferguson, D. C., Munroe, E. G., &amp; Powell, J. A. (Eds.), The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 25.3, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 348 pp." type="book" year="1998">Lafontaine (1998)</bibRefCitation>
regarded this species as probably a general feeder.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>