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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c16b962-a987-46ce-a1eb-e846c097c427" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-80-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420682" ID-ZooBank="9E555C15F6BB46C7BB546BAAC78D4831" ModsDocID="1314-2607-80-71" checkinTime="1609325087673" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gates, Michael W., Zhang, Y. Miles &amp; Buffington, Matthew L." docDate="2020" docId="21EB18862B7F5B86BE277127851E8242" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 80: 71-98" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80" docPubDate="2020-12-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466" docTitle="Sycophila smilax Gates &amp; Zhang 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AC0B37C6-F069-4E19-91EF-946EE0466F1B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0" masterDocTitle="The great greenbriers gall mystery resolved? New species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) gall inducer and two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) associated with Smilax L. in southern Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1678754932365" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The great greenbriers gall mystery resolved? New species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) gall inducer and two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) associated with Smilax L. in southern Florida, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gates, Michael W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1371</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">michael.gates@ars.usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Y. Miles</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-8624</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-3861</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-12-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>80</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>98</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59466</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-80-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9E555C15F6BB46C7BB546BAAC78D4831</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7BFA52401DE65985B75493D17D922BF0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4420682</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176345142" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC0B37C6-F069-4E19-91EF-946EE0466F1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21EB18862B7F5B86BE277127851E8242" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AC0B37C6-F069-4E19-91EF-946EE0466F1B" authority="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax" status="sp. nov.">Sycophila smilax Gates &amp; Zhang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35–36" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 35 - 36. Sycophila smilax 35 female habitus 36 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure35-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490470" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figs 35-36</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 37-44</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 45-53</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
This species is recognized by its small size, pale yellow coloration and small/faint stigmal band. It keys to couplet 9 of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.79-2894.1" author="Balduf, WV" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 95" refId="B4" refString="Balduf, WV, 1932. Revision of the chalcid files of the tribe Decatomini (Eurytomidae) in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79: 1 - 95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.79-2894.1" title="Revision of the chalcid files of the tribe Decatomini (Eurytomidae) in America north of Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.79-2894.1" volume="79" year="1932">Balduf (1932)</bibRefCitation>
's key of North American
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the other mostly yellow species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila mimosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimosae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila mimosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Balduf by the lack of a constricted marginal vein. The Central and South American
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna is poorly known, and no current key exists.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-12-19" collectorName="SE Miami, C. Rodriguez, T. Smith" county="Dade Co." location="Rockdale Pineland" municipality="Ex" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, female:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName>SE Miami</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21EB18862B7F5B86BE277127851E8242:44469CF8AE3B8B18B128B6491D7CDA40" county="Dade Co." municipality="Ex" name="Rockdale Pineland">Rockdale Pineland</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Ex</collectingMunicipality>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<collectingDate value="2001-12-19">19.Dec.2001</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>C. Rodriguez</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>T. Smith</collectorName>
leg.; USNMENT01735197 (deposited at USNM)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2000-05-08" collectingDateMax="2010-04-18" collectingDateMin="2000-05-08" collectorName="SE Miami, Rockdale Pineland, Ex, M. Gates, M. Buffington, Quail Roost Pineland, Em" county="Dade Co." location="Dade Co." municipality="South Miami" specimenCount="88" specimenCount-female="72" specimenCount-male="16" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount type="female">36♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
): Same information as
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
; USNMENT01735198-01735206 (
<specimenCount type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName>SE Miami</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Rockdale Pineland</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Ex</collectorName>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<collectingDate value="2010-04-18">18.Apr. 2010</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>M. Gates</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>M. Buffington</collectorName>
leg.; USNMENT01735207-01735238 (
<specimenCount type="female">27♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
, USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21EB18862B7F5B86BE277127851E8242:8AA41D3770BE23F448C6E79EB14EE36B" county="Dade Co." municipality="South Miami" name="Dade Co.">Dade Co.</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality>South Miami</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName>Quail Roost Pineland</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Em</collectorName>
<collectingDate value="2000-06-01">1.VI.2000</collectingDate>
from galls of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<collectingDate value="2000-05-08">8.V.2000</collectingDate>
; USNMENT01735239-01735242 (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, USNM)
</materialsCitation>
. Additional material:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
: Dade Co.: Coral Gables, Deering Estate Pineland, Ex
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem gall;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-02-23" collectorName="G. Melika, Coral Gables, Ex." county="Dade Co." location="Dade Co." specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
<collectingDate value="1995-02-23">23.Feb.1995</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>G. Melika</collectorName>
leg. (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, ABS).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">FL</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Dade Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName>Coral Gables, Ex.</collectorName>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rosaceae" genus="Diastrophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diastrophus smilacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilacis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diastrophus smilacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectedFrom>
on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilax havanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Smilax havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
</materialsCitation>
;
<date value="1977-11-08">8.Nov.1977</date>
, R. Schimmel leg. (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, FSCA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Female.</emphasis>
Body length 1.8 mm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35–36" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 35 - 36. Sycophila smilax 35 female habitus 36 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure35-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490470" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Color.</emphasis>
Mostly pale yellow; antennal segments dark yellow; edges of ocelli, scutellum, hindtibia laterally, tarsal claw, tip of ovipositor black, pterostigma dark brown, wing band light brown, eyes pinkish red (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35–36" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 35 - 36. Sycophila smilax 35 female habitus 36 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure35-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490470" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420706" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure35-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490470" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 35–36" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 35-36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">35</emphasis>
female habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">36</emphasis>
male habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Head.</emphasis>
Rounded in dorsal view, 1.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long in dorsal view, umbilicate with appressed setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">37</figureCitation>
). Lower face strigose, clypeus bilobate, mandible tridentate with supraclypeal area smooth, glabrous, slightly raised and extending to toruli (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">38</figureCitation>
). Malar sulcus present, malar space 0.59
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
eye height. Genal carina absent. Toruli positioned on lower ocular line, diameter of torulus 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of the intertorular space. Interantennal projection narrow, 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of the diameter of torulus. Scrobal depression carinate laterally, slightly diverging basally. Vertex imbricate, ratios of POL:OOL:LOL equal to 2.7:1:1 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">39</figureCitation>
). Ratio of scape (minus radicle):pedicel:anellus: F1:F2: F3:F4:F5:club as 17:6.7:1:5:5:4.7:4.7:4.7:13; pedicel chalice-shaped; funicle fusiform; funicular segments with single row of longitudinal sensilla and two whorls of setae, as long as its bearing segment; clava bisegmented (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">41</figureCitation>
). Head posteriorly lacking postgenal lamina, postgenal groove faint, straight and not converging in their lower part, extending ventrally to ⅘ the lower margin of eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">40</figureCitation>
). Postgenal sulci small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Forewing.</emphasis>
Dark brown band on the wing about the same width as pterostigma and does not reach uncus, faint, reaching about
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
down the wing width, 8 submarginal setae, 3 on parastigma, 1 in basal cell, surrounded by basal and costal setal lines. Pterostigma covering marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal vein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesosoma umbilicate, 1.52
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad; notauli complete, shallow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">43</figureCitation>
); lateral surface of prepectus triangular, smooth, ventral surface of prepectus without median tooth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">42</figureCitation>
). Mesopleuron reticulate ventrally, dorsally delimited from femoral depression by fine carina. Epicnemium flat and ventral shelf not projected forward. Propodeum with median furrow bordered mediolaterally by numerous carinae forming irregular asetose cells, these bordered laterally by setose cells (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37–44" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 37 - 44. Sycophila smilax 37 frontal view of head 38 frontal view of lower face 39 dorsal view of head 40 posterior view of head 41 female antenna 42 lateral view of mesosoma 43 dorsal view of mesosoma 44 dorsal view of propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">44</figureCitation>
). Metaplural-precoxal carina interrupted by rugose carinae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">45</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420708" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure37-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490471" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 37–44" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 37-44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">37</emphasis>
frontal view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">38</emphasis>
frontal view of lower face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">39</emphasis>
dorsal view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">40</emphasis>
posterior view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">41</emphasis>
female antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">42</emphasis>
lateral view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">43</emphasis>
dorsal view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">44</emphasis>
dorsal view of propodeum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Metasoma smooth, ovipositor sheath microreticulate (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">49</figureCitation>
); petiole 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad in dorsal view, with ventral anterior groove, carina, and mediodorsal prong (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">48</figureCitation>
); gaster teardrop-shaped in lateral view, ovipositor angled at about 30° dorsad horizontal axis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">49</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Male.</emphasis>
1.88 mm. Mediodorsal of Gt3-5 black, wing band very faint. Otherwise color and sculpture as described for female (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35–36" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 35 - 36. Sycophila smilax 35 female habitus 36 male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure35-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490470" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">36</figureCitation>
). Antenna with four funicular segments (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">50</figureCitation>
). Gaster cylindrical, petiole 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">52</figureCitation>
). Gt4 emarginate posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45–53" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 45 - 53. Sycophila smilax 45 ventral view of mesosoma 46 lateral view of female metasoma 47 ventral view of female petiole 48 lateral view of female petiole 49 closeup of female ovipositor 50 male antenna 51 dorsal view of male petiole 52 ventral view of male petiole 53 lateral view of male metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">53</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4420686" doi="10.3897/jhr.80.59466.figure45-53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/490472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 45–53" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 45-53.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sycophila smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Sycophila smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">45</emphasis>
ventral view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">46</emphasis>
lateral view of female metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">47</emphasis>
ventral view of female petiole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">48</emphasis>
lateral view of female petiole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">49</emphasis>
closeup of female ovipositor
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">50</emphasis>
male antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">51</emphasis>
dorsal view of male petiole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">52</emphasis>
ventral view of male petiole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">53</emphasis>
lateral view of male metasoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Body ranges 1.7-1.8 mm for females, 1.65-1.88 mm for males. The wing band can range from very faint, mesosoma and metasoma dorsally can be yellow or with a tinge of black.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Associated with galls of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gates &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprostocetus smilax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smilax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Aprostocetus smilax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, likely a parasitoid of the gall inducer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Southern Florida, USA.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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