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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6675" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d9d73e2-c94a-416c-b943-c3ab14a22df0" ID-PMC="PMC6041354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-770-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" ID-PubMed="30002590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310213" ID-ZooBank="4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-770-43" checkinTime="1530781150282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubauer, Thomas A., Velde, Sabrina van de, Yanina, Tamara &amp; Wesselingh, Frank P." docDate="2018" docId="219995529C8134DF759649D331E8D144" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 770: 43-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 770" docPubDate="2018-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" docTitle="Laevicaspia caspia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" masterDocTitle="A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732676794828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A848567E7AD6627F7A03A1B95DC9AE1D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6CBAE43C948DA70E9CE728EB3F3C7A8B">
<mods:title id="00A62EA13C1E484D5F6C61016E54F5B4">A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="942E7CEA90C708AD3B6D72DAE86D9AB2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BC478647FC716DF2AC9DD395CE0E405D">
<mods:roleTerm id="0AA2AB3BA3C3F797E1D070145815A872">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3CFF8521A9ADAA76E2F1FC236D115E89">Neubauer, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3CB70EF6CEBC7551F5FB69A759CBE075">Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 - 32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C4731EE3F3B41FE23E9B044FE30CDBED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8745A437AE462C8BAD49EEB5C21E27B0">
<mods:roleTerm id="21AA21C36DDE52D853F2C5E3A0A4006C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F21A28CEA5E9FF621F9B00A6D3C4FC21">Velde, Sabrina van de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="343C2D04120593CAC783383969B918DD">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5ED4E62E6FF4F7D17BB2E814984845E6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D2119880FA596AD97DFE5AF93DB1C8C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="58C608D886856B3D59EC6B8AF120E9BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DCB5963866DFF757E0FE770812A565D2">Yanina, Tamara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F2FBEE4F1ABE622B6A4F60F766403DF8">Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="934016E863A373F11595CECD08909E79" type="personal">
<mods:role id="614312888F3C951AFAE1D2F1F71CC2AD">
<mods:roleTerm id="6DD23A9CA4A2507141BA16A9F967EC2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="395C85ECAAB08F7A136532B7731EBE78">Wesselingh, Frank P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0FA156506C6792333D844EC58B2F92A9">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="892B14CDF7BDC9D323574FF51E91A084">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FFB28F0AFDBF3FCBC142D69C88010A33">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2126B1828840A8A42AB218BDBA1E98FA">
<mods:date id="EE7D2B5A2A7F76FB98C24F149D50D7E6">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="90FE1040700562A6AAA4F68099DAEA98" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B7C2EC928C81E97D844575AD29E9606A">2018-07-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="17E365E69E140DEDDF745E14B95052C0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2958D9FBE6D6BD58E5132A2D417658D3">770</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1AAC02C3EB88F42DA661A54D711D82AD">43</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CA11B4073D2586F31CDC59F308D3B36D">103</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="68E592B9B925161F0D62B7596B3DA17A">
<mods:url id="831DC36AD6FE47962E5A3D6D21712186">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="718DC4050AFBAB60DD1E30155D19050F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="575AED39AE89CEA3357C0F1C4F922653" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D8DAF6E9310875646B2448E65388A9D4" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-770-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8F19FB4427FDAB2C21C86CD0E299E380" type="ZooBank">4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8827885249D98B982132A3C53832FF3" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC5D1D872C09D354B2D339A588E9FC6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">1310213</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="219995529C8134DF759649D331E8D144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229651" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:219995529C8134DF759649D331E8D144" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/219995529C8134DF759649D331E8D144" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_subFamily="Pyrgulinae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
<subSubSection id="5BBC96A71A3CCF67C8D1AEA4BC3732EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7DD3EAAFCA724E6FEFDEA144F4DCADD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="830336717D7A7BA3CA10D076A6B34380" ID-CoL="7RSQ2" authority="(Eichwald, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="10ED7E130D600161005AD92BFBFD026E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pyrgulinae. A-C Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838), RGM 1310257 D-F L. caspia, RGM 1310258 G L. caspia, RGM 1310197 H L. caspia, RGM 1310198 I-K L. caspia, LV 201511." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214771" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 8A-K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3B89BA289EA9979B79AA0DA29CDB351" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E77EC6998DA59FEC55C608093FEF966" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="EAD16401E72B04855A0196250718A376" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
*1838
<taxonomicName id="3950865E7DE20A08D16FDF4F029DECC9" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Rissoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rissoa caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Rissoa caspia</taxonomicName>
m.; Eichwald: 154-155.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D74D3C47076DD5D15C960D9C039ACE7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="BA0DDA9EB227CD40C6C810EA84C046CF" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
1841
<taxonomicName id="F22997F037F3DF4332238F5CE6C25985" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Rissoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rissoa caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Rissoa caspia</taxonomicName>
- Eichwald: 256-257, pl. 38, figs 14-15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D85424C8426D4405A329C9103EC470E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="24E15086052CB98FB88AEBE8822447CD" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
1853
<emphasis id="56ECBE6BE33EB57697FCBFB530A41F0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Riss.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="BB06DB803152B36FE864CCC48E29B425" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">oa</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="64020EFE41CBCB0D93618CB3683CDBA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">caspia</emphasis>
m. - Eichwald: 273.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB16B3755C0CF13DF612BDA5EA234A60" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="EF3DCA1BAE31CE45D0E03CD109258347" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1876
<taxonomicName id="BA3940A0174FB276E22BCE29E9FB57F4" authorityName="Grimm" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Hydrobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrobia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Hydrobia caspia</taxonomicName>
, Eichw. - Grimm: 150-153, pl. 6, fig. 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E9A97B5C8E8419B0AEB4CAB5179AA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="1F7EE36FB84E341619FBA0D79CAAA888" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1877
<taxonomicName id="81B22F212FEAF9402A442FB2C5B67609" authorityName="Grimm" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Hydrobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrobia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Hydrobia caspia</taxonomicName>
, Eichw. - Grimm: 79-80, pl. 7, figs 3a-d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32EA76C4A9996F8036BD0BC27AAC2382" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="84EFF1825E67B72797A07C1FA846446F" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1887
<taxonomicName id="7DA40B5F684D30D21347D157D43926A6" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Micromelania caspia</taxonomicName>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EE61BBB5558EC7CEB07C36D5326A1ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="6D66A8EE9D078948FE54D017E88976E1" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1888
<emphasis id="DFB8A4081D96CE7CF82A3D859071C30B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micr.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="EFFBA33256535EF6FEF7BA4DB4D027D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">omelania</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="6FE5C8F41C4A50B7A1CA64F59DB9B854" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">caspia</emphasis>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 78, pl. 1, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7767E1BE5FD97DEF11C7C915E69A9F7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="22C606F3755BBD20373C8DE84EAD184B" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
? 1896
<emphasis id="1ECA8FAC215BC06869AB9B6ED3DC5CDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="405B7B13F6FF1C3E9F40BBF1E71E4336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">uliminus</emphasis>
] (
<emphasis id="6D4C0A41AFF9F36E1A3654A1519E5181" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Napaeus</emphasis>
?)
<emphasis id="E2E545C8D2D0704939BF521FB07EDFCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">goebeli</emphasis>
Westerlund: 188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="555970FBF97419E567A5B5A70CBE9222" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="1DC4C9FD5F6C0A926DF1EEED64A9F07E" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
1914
<taxonomicName id="61BB754A3D96410366F3F6E3E8A26C54" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Micromelania</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="4136B4AD89D4D4E84434B93173C218A5" authorityName="Nalivkin" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania curta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="curta">Micromelania curta</taxonomicName>
Nalivkin: 21-22, 31, pl. 6, figs 1-2 [partim; non figs 3-4, 7, 9-14].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A6A8437CB155161CAC95723CD946DA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="29DA609994747DC8022F8CE63461AFCD" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
1914 [
<taxonomicName id="C30069448D81AFF97DE021EA9697A990" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Micromelania</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="B6BB002315A0C6F31E559A73180D7C5A" authorityName="Nalivkin" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania curta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="curta">Micromelania curta</taxonomicName>
] var.
<taxonomicName id="7EB509AE10C3AA4945CAD0E990BB3BE6" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania curta var. plano-convexa" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="curta" variety="plano-convexa">Micromelania curta plano-convexa</taxonomicName>
Nalivkin: 22, 31, pl. 6, figs 15-18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D87EC4F8CD76E3BA97C7B3F0F16A455" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="3DBE507ABF29D17F0662A2481F0E5019" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1914
<taxonomicName id="8A59C2BF83DD285291D2C69B7F0862C8" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Micromelania caspia</taxonomicName>
Eichw. - Nalivkin: 22, 31, pl. 6, figs 5-6 [partim; non fig. 8].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27AD8DA54898FB11F5FA1814344BFAEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="5A228DB3D44131D41230A0EE01CF697C" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1917
<taxonomicName id="FEB3B07C26ADE71A4654A25FC769B2B7" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Micromelania</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F13CE11008A305495EE736FAD1E6E2D2" authorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Turricaspia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F365A0C6FBB09B4EE6219F9DB67E9DDA" authorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1917" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Laevicaspia</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="99CFC3B622999D6CC9DDEEA04D1811F0" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
Eichw. - B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki: 5-8, 36-38, pl. 1, figs 1-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E39C8C5BF24E9423694AB51B421AD1E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="8F2C853B4880121B643C56EF4B8DFB0B" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
non 1969
<taxonomicName id="E3EEC2BA05EF32A30991AA8293ECF27D" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Pyrgula caspia</taxonomicName>
(Eichw.). - Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov: 369-370, fig. 364 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5C363B497E95D807F1BAA1DD94B04A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="D4F4E453FE0FEBE1FCBC38DD35C37E1D" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
1987
<emphasis id="64E8072C1C03A42ABE14F3DF2A792AF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="FEEC39E78D691B216F59102C35A79773" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">urricaspia</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="CCDB24B692A4C6674B6E0C2202EF170B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">caspia</emphasis>
(Eichw.). - Alexenko &amp; Starobogatov: 33, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD4C900189154A2FC7AD5A6FA5E57691" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="2C4C23D170C4815854CECEC862EFB8EA" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
2006
<taxonomicName id="385342C4BDDF8F93116A32EBFD32AD3F" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Turricaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838). - Kantor &amp; Sysoev: 106, pl. 49, fig. M.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05CEABD8EA7000289DBB1B4344B6073B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="FFF4E0694D6721DCB4B1A67F6C0CAC32" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
2014
<taxonomicName id="507EE93292E5F72EC267255E6A89DDBC" baseAuthorityName="Milaschewitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Euxinipyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxinipyrgula lincta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lincta">Euxinipyrgula lincta</taxonomicName>
. - Taviani et al.: 4, fig. 3c [non
<taxonomicName id="5D697B30D7B5AFF523CEF03866A09EBD" authorityName="Milaschewitsch" authorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania lincta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lincta">Micromelania lincta</taxonomicName>
Milashevich, 1908].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECCBBAC2CD8D99961CD351FDD2D2139F" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="3A40A79FC4C2A51B0E7475D94BF2474F" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Laevicaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
2016
<taxonomicName id="8DA465AEC59308A27840E20262DD8026" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">Turricaspia caspia</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838). - Vinarski &amp; Kantor: 246.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="559DD9F65CD090B1AFEC54EEA3732CF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1DD323EBD528E2490031BBE6C601191B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2341B23F0E15F8ED1FA2B239104BE84F" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="4BCBCDE9E538B61143AF3A2A17DBCCA3" abbreviationString="LV 201511" accessionNumber="LV 201511" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="RGM, LV" prefix="LV" specimenCode="RGM 1309788, RGM 1309789, RGM 1309798, RGM 1310196, RGM 1310257, RGM 1310258, LV 201511" specimenCount="300" type="Arabic" value="201501" valueMax="201750" valueMin="201501" values="201501-201530,201731-201750">
<specimenCount id="9802251C87640D712DF6A0F0DEB8485A" type="generic">300 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="4C2CA0DA77FB5D4A2AAA23844F5FF6DE">RGM 1309788</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="01AB9E41896B707BA0459D2D645BAEE1">RGM 1309789</specimenCode>
, 1309797,
<specimenCode id="7C1F6CCCA9B56C8561E201873AFE922B">RGM 1309798</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="90DEA28D6AA5AF8F950D10BEBC9CED0A">RGM 1310196</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="EC90B3D5FCE091580DEE14212ED9DF06">RGM 1310257</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB0CC9E5692A6883D64AC3415CE56A1C">RGM 1310258</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="73ABB268CEC47334CBA4F66153CCF509">LV 201511</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84D2A79DAB202B60DCFBBAEE60D549F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph id="C8848EC65689B0BC92D6B5768DDCBC03" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="9E5D71718DDD609443D0E8B88793A554">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDBD20B3B1454953DD799EEFD294224A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="C88C7A7E6F321E6CDB8493E1238E6661" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="ZIN" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="DA9EF7E25C01ED8CFE5242C8B4FA1C19">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="FFE016C57368E880FE5EAFF9B3FA3363" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
(No.
<quantity id="FFF1A7C37978E542913DF9018D29F51E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
systematic catalogue), designated by
<bibRefCitation id="09D089459AFB3AAC300DFDC6CF7550A3" author="Alexenko, TL" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B5" refString="Alexenko, TL, Starobogatov, YaI, 1987. Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna. Vestnik Zoologii 21 (3): 32 - 38" title="Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna." volume="21" year="1987">Alexenko and Starobogatov (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B26430D40BD131C4ACDCEEE76826BE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="1BC269EAB783E2F073F9C712B6A39352" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="8669376C957CFD17CDD1203B3E38D4FF">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6013D39BC59FBA29FDABDD723B783928" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">&quot;In eodem lapide calcario Dagesthanico, fossilis&quot; (in the same limestone of Dagestan [referring to the previous species, also found in Dagestan], fossil).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B34547BE4BB433612D161442150EE44" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="B63055FE7417443EFDEE4DDE0F102A25" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3CD4BB4890EA9D31C662CF6C249C5BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
9.01
<normalizedToken id="1CD57EDC2E376B3243E5A820D6A59E86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="6A54C532DC2CECCE0781512E903E1616" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" unit="mm" value="331.0">3.31 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="63BDE459ED9F711FA81A6A7669FB29C8" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310257, Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF02A2DCCA287F2D797499BABBC174C9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pyrgulinae. A-C Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838), RGM 1310257 D-F L. caspia, RGM 1310258 G L. caspia, RGM 1310197 H L. caspia, RGM 1310198 I-K L. caspia, LV 201511." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214771" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8A-C</figureCitation>
); 7.88
<normalizedToken id="6DDB8177C97314D01F99B87A4C5367DD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="D48F6BB22F3F350C6915BEC024A79DE4" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" unit="mm" value="331.0">3.31 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="CA55841A23E3D130CFF40DDEFA6B97E9" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310258, Fig.
<figureCitation id="8E1A7FD34731E1419C0A6298652986B3" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pyrgulinae. A-C Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838), RGM 1310257 D-F L. caspia, RGM 1310258 G L. caspia, RGM 1310197 H L. caspia, RGM 1310198 I-K L. caspia, LV 201511." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214771" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8D-F</figureCitation>
); 10.33
<normalizedToken id="90F8F7EFF755D5F4950C58E89F90F1C3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="B58206DFDBF3017A6BCBF1E31BDEDC5A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" unit="mm" value="392.0">3.92 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="4412025CEE0ACE94BB5A213DBCF009E2" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15324" name="Catholic University of Leuven" type="Herbarium">LV</collectionCode>
201511, Fig.
<figureCitation id="691FFBE74F1D8B596B425AEEBAD79D2A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pyrgulinae. A-C Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838), RGM 1310257 D-F L. caspia, RGM 1310258 G L. caspia, RGM 1310197 H L. caspia, RGM 1310198 I-K L. caspia, LV 201511." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214771" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">8I-K</figureCitation>
); 9.92
<normalizedToken id="1BC240B9AFD7CD8D1F61994887C604E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="EC5D920A8F00D91B229F3CB55FE6EADA" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" unit="mm" value="383.0">3.83 mm</quantity>
; 10.21
<normalizedToken id="EF82F1C95659285257ADEFBDD5A3AC55" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="0BC5599966843C276BB50E4B61CF338D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" unit="mm" value="388.0">3.88 mm</quantity>
; 9.52
<normalizedToken id="EE3F6A28DEC0AB83C09D26DE32666DB9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="4613FEB10437FDD0A19E2BB9832D18B0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" unit="mm" value="354.0">3.54 mm</quantity>
; 9.69
<normalizedToken id="B05702AE219FB76ECA2A0C173587B04E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="8243A26AD2C3E46FBEB574E9958107DB" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" unit="mm" value="361.0">3.61 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3269729E41915A198BE7BFF5BB530ADC" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310451" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214771" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="1E249D5BDAC014F32D2929033EA2D3FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="6B91910B93FFD07A3DB7C0892A319F14" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="004DB6B52523BCE46421AF02DEAFE860" baseAuthorityName="Brusina" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyrgulinae">Pyrgulinae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="D708A14160CDE2589AD13D1CEC84F9A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="88EE118E5EDC5E11D7245E24FE1756A3" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="CA7FA332A854C9180851DCEE1F5CAB64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Laevicaspia caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838),
<collectionCode id="1A4E0A22BA476185C82067585635A6D7" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310257
<emphasis id="CC136F370BA9647E5C5583D89C4462B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="666CF7D9A443DCD9141B611C53DFEBB6" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="39C170A26F61C2AA61F899E3BE543BBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="5F8D81281C99180CA50C6D8F010AB8D9" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310258
<emphasis id="ACC58DF472301FE93433F0C622941AD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E80ADD97AA6A83C5B80338F82859072F" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="29E3B84D790F94933FC387848AF88CE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="C83EBEB77F18765C2C8526C865BA73B5" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310197
<emphasis id="ECE3136CE124C3471E2E48FDB5060A5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D819C6F656BD4320F3586BFD85B39496" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="A6811A0A064EDB6CE48F3D75EDA9484C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="C878B77D5B576D18E9721B83DF131A74" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310198
<emphasis id="510102ACE15DBF0A54B275AA603C355A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">I-K</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3F3BCF378B80AD4236E57B92F2992EF9" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="99510BD03B40D79E71A114ADE974F858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LV 201511.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86E89FF8391ABE30B9472634F9962AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B3AC58224B6C9F3235216E20D7F248D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87830733475B0939A9C58706AF61BA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Large, slender ovoid shell comprising up to 8.3 whorls. Protoconch large, measuring 535-600
<normalizedToken id="0FA8F4DD2A9098D1FF5D1BF0CE15412C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at 1.15-1.2 whorls, with initial part inflated; nucleus almost immersed, 190-230
<normalizedToken id="49712632B2600979C08FB52F877040F5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; nucleus and early protoconch bear intentions of malleate sculpture, which passes into granular surface after half a whorl accompanied by onset of spiral striae; P/T boundary indistinct. Whorl convexity decreasing rapidly: first teleoconch whorl moderately convex, second to last whorl low convex, sometimes almost straight-sided; maximum convexity is in lower half; whorls closely attached, suture narrow; a very small but marked convexity appears at upper suture, producing a faintly stepped spire; occasionally, it is accompanied by shallow abapical concavity. Last whorl makes up 46-50% of shell height, passing over regular but weakly convex to near straight-sided to slightly concave base. Aperture slender ovoid, inclined, closely attached to preceding whorl; in latest ontogeny, shell growth is more abapically directed, resulting in marked thickening at adapical tip. Peristome simple, thin, slightly expanded and indented at base; distinctly and regularly sigmoidal in lateral view, with upper half broadly indented and lower half broadly protruding; inner lip protrudes in lateral view, extending sheet-like over base of penultimate whorl; umbilicus mostly closed, rarely very narrow, slit-like. Growth lines weakly sigmoidal: strongly prosocline in upper half, weakly opisthocline in lower half. Several specimens show faint spiral threads on last and penultimate whorls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01EA3BD3F8611BF57442DA35806EFAC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CD1A7AD9D3752FCA53F79866B42375F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="356A80F4E7F8B0D1FA4EE1CA2B948BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Different concepts of this species previously applied have led to considerable confusion about its real identity. This is partly rooted in the description and illustration provided by
<bibRefCitation id="AD1300DF5778C89B3D579D22BF60ED27" author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 174" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" refId="B35" refString="Eichwald, E, 1838. Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 11 (2): 125 - 174, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" title="Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" volume="11" year="1838">Eichwald (1838</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="238E60E69C901BDE10AF42EDC4030AE2" author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 290" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" refId="B36" refString="Eichwald, E, 1841. Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 1 - 290, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" title="Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" volume="7" year="1841">1841</bibRefCitation>
) that were insufficient to allow safe discrimination from similar species. For instance,
<taxonomicName id="EEDBD307D155039DAA15243FEA4343F3" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="A586D9858B15D2BE52636B7139F8C11F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="FBA5AF37C51B475685D657101FA90C1E" author="Grimm, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 168" publicationUrl="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" refId="B50" refString="Grimm, OA, 1876. Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 1. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii 2: 1 - 168, http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" title="Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 1." url="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" volume="2" year="1876">Grimm (1876</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BBBE38915350957BC282EB1025CEF5A8" author="Grimm, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 105" publicationUrl="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" refId="B51" refString="Grimm, OA, 1877. Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 2. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii 2 (2): 1 - 105, http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" title="Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 2." url="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" volume="2" year="1877">1877</bibRefCitation>
), W.
<bibRefCitation id="0AA82B1694317127952C74D507800BCF" author="Dybowski, W" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" refId="B34" refString="Dybowski, W, 1887-1888. Die Gasteropoden-Fauna des Kaspischen Meeres. Nach der Sammlung des Akademikers Dr. K. E. v. Baer. Malakozoologische Blaetter (Neue Folge) 10(1-3): 1-64 [issue 1, 1887], 65-79 [issue 2, 1888], pl. 1-3 [issue 3, 1888]. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" title="Die Gasteropoden-Fauna des Kaspischen Meeres. Nach der Sammlung des Akademikers Dr. K. E. v. Baer. Malakozoologische Blaetter (Neue Folge) 10 (1 - 3): 1 - 64 [issue 1, 1887], 65 - 79 [issue 2, 1888], pl. 1 - 3 [issue 3, 1888]." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" year="1887 - 1888">Dybowski (1887-1888)</bibRefCitation>
and B.
<bibRefCitation id="D1C7502F5049EDF4ADF1B78298331D1D" author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 55" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" refId="B33" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1917. Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 9 (3): 1 - 55, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" title="Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" volume="9" year="1917">Dybowski and Grochmalicki (1917)</bibRefCitation>
differs from the present species in the acute apex, the moderately convex whorls, the deep suture and the thin peristome. As already noted by
<bibRefCitation id="323922E33AC5096DEAC756ACD75F90F6" author="Alexenko, TL" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B5" refString="Alexenko, TL, Starobogatov, YaI, 1987. Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna. Vestnik Zoologii 21 (3): 32 - 38" title="Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna." volume="21" year="1987">Alexenko and Starobogatov (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, it represents a different species, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="40C4AB6A5C942D09D818AEF7DE44048F" baseAuthorityName="Milaschewitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia lincta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lincta">
<emphasis id="E50EBE843CE325D2DFED2F51FD716051" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Laevicaspia lincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Milashevich, 1908). That species was described from Lake Katlabukh near the Danube delta in Ukraine (
<typeStatus id="32A6C7059109361E722EB6B99AF99E96">lectotype</typeStatus>
, which matches
<normalizedToken id="AC68C575E4B6B1A6249BCEE8C3458C13" originalValue="Milashevich’s">Milashevich's</normalizedToken>
description, is illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="0B4A13C3C8829024E6F3FAC5907F6E23" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 95, pl. 45, fig. D; as
<taxonomicName id="9359C022EBBDD68E9B35B8271D382EE4" baseAuthorityName="Milaschewitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Euxinipyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxinipyrgula lincta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lincta">
<emphasis id="B8C58238644E73168457FC1E89721A67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Euxinipyrgula lincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Specimens from the Neoeuxinian (late Pleistocene) of the Marmara Sea identified as
<taxonomicName id="2309214915EB83E801193F7C3B7D0BDA" lsidName="E. lincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lincta">E. cf. lincta</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="362BC3DF261886A70F95EEE4F3EAB132" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" author="Taviani, M" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="11 - 17" refId="B113" refString="Taviani, M, Angeletti, L, Cagatay, MN, Gasperini, L, Polonia, A, Wesselingh, FP, 2014. Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik &quot;lake&quot; (Sea of Marmara). Quaternary International 345: 11 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" title="Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik &quot; lake &quot; (Sea of Marmara)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" volume="345" year="2014">Taviani et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
differ from that species in the near straight-sided whorls and thickened peristome; in fact, the material corresponds well to
<taxonomicName id="DC76F48FC53B089E71652FEC7F1BCA2E" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="2BDFE8CB99593EE617BA76F425083B95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02142A426750AA66C82F5EECDB5734A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="F0D3F68D4A40969B8B6876D7B8B50DDD" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="C9169220BCE21B2BC16DA9988F1614B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="1EC4D1920E87950B26231892C307347E" author="Nalivkin, DV" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, novaya seriya" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B74" refString="Nalivkin, DV, 1914. Mollyuski gory bakinskogo yarusa. Trudy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, novaya seriya 116: 1 - 32" title="Mollyuski gory bakinskogo yarusa." volume="116" year="1914">Nalivkin (1914)</bibRefCitation>
comprises at least two species, both being more elongate, having more whorls and relatively smaller last whorls than
<taxonomicName id="DBE3435321686967D3A646578B8BE3B6" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="2053BDD166CCA2A0A3253B8E93D323F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In turn, some of the illustrated
<typeStatus id="7112461E6183397BB4C745D88546F8BF">syntypes</typeStatus>
of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="01FACC7D23916AFECA7507681636F6DD" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D232C022CB620983E2219D8D55FD1392" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="AAEDCFE9BAF70B5945F11AF482FBB709" baseAuthorityName="Naliwkin" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula curta" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="curta">
<emphasis id="95306A51A316D1EF2BAF46F66FA5C892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pyrgula curta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nalivkin, 1914 and the variety &quot;
<taxonomicName id="E00F43C82009F71E5704F9E58BC06337" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D7432554FDAA41868765E565944415A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="DBB76BBC34D60E1369EF9A41F78519C7" authorityName="Nalivkin" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania curta subsp. var. var. planoconvexa" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="curta" subSpecies="var." variety="planoconvexa">
<emphasis id="D4A8272C08707012298772FBFD02753A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania curta var. planoconvexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nalivkin, 1914 from Bakunian deposits of Shikhovo, Apsheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan, closely resemble the present species and are thus (partly) considered synonymous. &quot;
<taxonomicName id="0C33A0AA416ECAFAE01E6AA0136FBE43" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="92385D46634F5521A6D51258C409557F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="3DEE0371A93AAC98FD0F05CF437A8719" authorityName="Nalivkin" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania curta" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="curta">
<emphasis id="E23B4C73C8D429A00EB35EFF8BFA79AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania curta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
encompasses a great variability of shapes, ranging from slender, elongate (
<taxonomicName id="FFCB3D5E01159B286E27D28B57CD725C" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="018445A2B351A1D97F7289C96B94708F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="98D6B27BE4B33086ADDB60032A30106B">type</typeStatus>
) to broad, conical shells. Since no
<typeStatus id="C0BAA1B6457149909AD557BDC580F244">holotype</typeStatus>
or
<typeStatus id="78991D8911F92E92963918FCB55F4A1D">lectotype</typeStatus>
have been designated, the status of this species is unresolved at present. Note that
<taxonomicName id="E61D40B14F245F284517F7DC2BCA3BCA" baseAuthorityName="Naliwkin" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula curta" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="curta">
<emphasis id="0AC0AE069F7CF9624FF0845F495A4F51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pyrgula curta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="937D14FB7F4511D82092FD4E9D549301" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A57053058642EDF9139EC88C232C103D" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev (2006)</bibRefCitation>
does not correspond to
<normalizedToken id="F49CAA8B50F1717035522A47C5566A24" originalValue="Nalivkin’s">Nalivkin's</normalizedToken>
species but rather to the specimens
<bibRefCitation id="5835D2156563FC7D6061E5FF6BC18F2D" author="Nalivkin, DV" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, novaya seriya" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B74" refString="Nalivkin, DV, 1914. Mollyuski gory bakinskogo yarusa. Trudy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, novaya seriya 116: 1 - 32" title="Mollyuski gory bakinskogo yarusa." volume="116" year="1914">Nalivkin (1914)</bibRefCitation>
misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="87B0FE335CD8EA066E061173A33DAE69" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="290E5ECF9F1AF33F5E601E9D771A6A2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micromelania caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EAF413F017EB2819136E3D379EA4D3EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="6B9A74ACB1028AC6F230A21659AE334E" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula caspia" order="Mesogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="A02EBC426361A486BCD60529ED6FA04E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pyrgula caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="FA19582770CFE358F5FBDA7010BD2EA8" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
is a quite different species, showing highly convex whorls and an inflated last whorl. It rather ranges within the morphological variability of
<taxonomicName id="1E2611F58F2EF05D51981644C5FF2672" baseAuthorityName="Issel" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia meneghiniana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meneghiniana">
<emphasis id="3EFA1B224651414B6DF395A5CF4BF0B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia meneghiniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECCC4977C10A7266C361E9CF9A89ACB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="16A45061AE0A667E9897102E027F7FB5" author="Alexenko, TL" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B5" refString="Alexenko, TL, Starobogatov, YaI, 1987. Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna. Vestnik Zoologii 21 (3): 32 - 38" title="Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna." volume="21" year="1987">Alexenko and Starobogatov (1987)</bibRefCitation>
finally brought stability to the identity of
<taxonomicName id="4FECA5C1BF676B8943C075EEF8B502F4" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="48E8B27D80A4B28B913A18F6999F6E07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by designating a
<typeStatus id="ABD6DD6181970F7E260A25AFF13F263D">lectotype</typeStatus>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="249801B488A2198EEBD9F3B89B376C0A" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 106, pl. 49, fig. A; as
<taxonomicName id="FBD2F28307D3549C4986048944D979E0" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia caspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="9CA2D363D80A544F0F9C51E05C66D3E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which matches well our specimens. The label accompanying their specimen reads &quot;Kaspiyskoye more&quot; (&quot;Caspian Sea&quot;), which differs from the information provided by Eichwald (Dagestan) (see also discussion in
<bibRefCitation id="E24100CC89060A68446B722BDE0450AB" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 246). Inspection of the catalogue of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (
<collectionCode id="9F7CA674579ABFD6FE50E8FAA7CA8410" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
), however, confirmed that the
<typeStatus id="BEF2BACD0712CEFA81FE83B935893EDD">lectotype</typeStatus>
is based on
<normalizedToken id="CD1384313073FD7943E0B6254133AFC0" originalValue="Eichwald’s">Eichwald's</normalizedToken>
original material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F543E1AC2081668582EDF8326D6C2DC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The similar
<taxonomicName id="EA321641B038AFE2F538F42FDC3C2333" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Laevicaspia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaspia iljinae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iljinae">
<emphasis id="9CB91B016E4CFFFAC861C6B5D8326DA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Laevicaspia iljinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Golikov &amp; Starobogatov, 1966) from Holocene deposits of the Crimean Peninsula can be distinguished in its more slender shape and the spruce-like whorl outline (i.e., steep, straight-sided upper two-thirds passing over convexity into flatter, convex lower third; see also
<bibRefCitation id="6D6A91257AE1E9065B9BF108A61E1C4B" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 108, pl. 49, fig. D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C77AA44644DBC262F58902CD99242DBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D391544392ADECA6787CCA44CBCBC6DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB10DEC23D4D77F50C603F2E46ACC71A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Endemic to the Caspian Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="034C1C7F4F3B8A70794C8205CBD8D963" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov 1969</bibRefCitation>
stated that the species occurs at a depth of
<quantity id="C147D8EF076B7F878569324C28CD264B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="90.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="30.0">30-150 m</quantity>
in the middle and southern Caspian Sea, but these data have to be revised given their incorrect concept of
<taxonomicName id="DA503D288D2FD973E740418E142CFBE8" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. caspia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caspia">
<emphasis id="E26428493A20CE50D301B8FEA8373379" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">L. caspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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