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<mods:title id="6A957A74753C0F5E046E779808A96D70">An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A649F2BE1CA187BB9251B16B4D6CCA14">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1804A353B789AE784D55FB2F93703015">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4601FF6ED92953609A78FDC07B9727C5">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="A36F57341FEA7525CDF3C0AC7BBFF570" ID-CoL="HMR" ID-ENA="34978" authority="Gray, 1825" authorityName="Hedges, Adalsteinsson &amp; Branch" authorityYear="2009" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="family">Typhlopidae Gray, 1825</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="2B4211D6256CDA20C215E3506AFE5D93" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">General information.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE9937E4C318C68AF77FBCF0169EDF84" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<taxonomicName id="A20BAF3C4881336C934D7A4E297EF3C6" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
is the most speciose family of scolecophidians and is currently distributed over large parts of Africa, Asia, the Americas, Oceania, and southeastern Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="7AEF25A784D01AC9ADDAEC3011FE6C68" DOI="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B257" refString="Hedges, SB, Marion, AB, Lipp, KM, Marin, J, Vidal, N, 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" title="A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)." url="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" volume="49" year="2014">Hedges et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="06AA51D751E5BBB322380E3B0CC34182" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 81" refId="B471" refString="Pyron, RA, Wallach, V, 2014. Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa 3829: 1 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" title="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" volume="3829" year="2014">Pyron and Wallach 2014</bibRefCitation>
). For several decades, all typhlopids had been referred to a single genus, 
<taxonomicName id="C454A796FB25581DE63468E255D4768F" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AC8AF95051B2821B7BC2053F5D15B49A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schneider, 1801, or to two genera, 
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<emphasis id="FAC4EB2E33CDD83F95664C355D586C88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5B26BAF44B52A4EC62B3BF7B5EE48621" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA3D34D4EB8567F7FA71E93C7C20E10B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fitzinger, 1843 (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="659789D9F1FD8DEBA1DC88AF6A505BA4" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="6DEEE10F65702B0FB0939F13F751ADEB" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F0A77D7A079EE570A4E50AD66B786D4E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
), but recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and more thorough knowledge of external morphologies have suggested instead an assignement into several other genera (
<bibRefCitation id="6CD5166D0C74531EB549DE1E4ABB61E4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="978A54D47762262B17CF0CF392136CF8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2255.1.1" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 100" refId="B96" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2009. A review of the eastern and southern African blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), excluding Letheobia Cope, with the description of two new genera and a new species. Zootaxa 2255: 1 - 100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2255.1.1" title="A review of the eastern and southern African blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), excluding Letheobia Cope, with the description of two new genera and a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2255.1.1" volume="2255" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="237673B05DC412405DD62AA84DE03062" DOI="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B257" refString="Hedges, SB, Marion, AB, Lipp, KM, Marin, J, Vidal, N, 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" title="A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)." url="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" volume="49" year="2014">Hedges et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0F7A0119127677A4D9302EF768F92150" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 81" refId="B471" refString="Pyron, RA, Wallach, V, 2014. Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa 3829: 1 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" title="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" volume="3829" year="2014">Pyron and Wallach 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Divergence date estimates suggest that typhlopids split from other scolecophidians already during the Late Cretaceous (
<bibRefCitation id="7A22A7D8994B467290F76C824936D226" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" author="Zheng, Y" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="537 - 547" refId="B696" refString="Zheng, Y, Wiens, JJ, 2016. Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" title="Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" volume="94" year="2016">Zheng and Wiens 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C33BDE25445E4B6BD77D103381B606DB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107064" author="Sidharthan, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B562" refString="Sidharthan, C, Karanth, KP, 2021. India's biogeographic history through the eyes of blindsnakes - filling the gaps in the global typhlopoid phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 157: 107064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107064" title="India's biogeographic history through the eyes of blindsnakes - filling the gaps in the global typhlopoid phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 157: 107064." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107064" year="2021">Sidharthan and Karanth 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B451A38B2A43353EBCBCB1951D53BDCD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107812" author="Tiatragul, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B629" refString="Tiatragul, S, Brennan, IG, Broady, ES, Keogh, JS, 2023. Australia's hidden radiation: Phylogenomics analysis reveals rapid Miocene radiation of blindsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 185: 107812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107812" title="Australia's hidden radiation: Phylogenomics analysis reveals rapid Miocene radiation of blindsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 185: 107812." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107812" year="2023">Tiatragul et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="F81EF638650EE94DDBF49E9618F8E333" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
were also called during the 19th century under the name Epanodontia (or Epanodonta or 
<normalizedToken id="E1400334B0EB6B9779253140FE144B66" originalValue="Épanodontiens">Epanodontiens</normalizedToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="576CFB4327D493512034E08A992C1E7F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118797" author="Dumeril, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B158" refString="Dumeril, AMC, Bibron, G, Dumeril, A, 1854. Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Tome neuvieme. Contenant Contenant l'histoire des batraciens, urodeles. Plus, un repertoire ou catalogue methodique de tous les reptiles decrits dans les neuf volumes; avec des tables generales pour le texte et pour les figures. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118797" title="Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Tome neuvieme. Contenant Contenant l'histoire des batraciens, urodeles. Plus, un repertoire ou catalogue methodique de tous les reptiles decrits dans les neuf volumes; avec des tables generales pour le texte et pour les figures." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118797" year="1854">
<normalizedToken id="F9A98919C93D5FD7FD3F485A308D7412" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
et al. 1854
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="66DFD87E85487DF8E03A4EB30E6534D1" author="Dumeril, AHA" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Nationale, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B159" refString="Dumeril, AHA, Bocourt, M-F, Mocquard, F, 1870-1909. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques pour servir a l'histoire de la faune de l'Amerique Centrale et du Mexique. Troisieme partie --1re section. Etudes sur les reptiles. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris" title="Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques pour servir a l'histoire de la faune de l'Amerique Centrale et du Mexique. Troisieme partie -- 1 re section. Etudes sur les reptiles." year="1870 - 1909">1870-1909</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E28066D3D614EB03C5D12BB1523DAE72" author="Carus, JV" journalOrPublisher="Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B111" refString="Carus, JV, 1868. Handbuch der Zoologie. Wirbelthiere. W. Engelmann, Leipzig" title="Handbuch der Zoologie. Wirbelthiere. W." year="1868">Carus 1868</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A99545FB838E96783426662816F0DE4E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="7 - 98" refId="B132" refString="Cope, ED, 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 32: 7 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" title="Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" volume="32" year="1887">Cope 1887</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6699B1A7F2DA70F594D7C989D362FBCA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="831 - 844" refId="B134" refString="Cope, ED, 1894. The Classification of Snakes. The American Naturalist 28: 831 - 844, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" title="The Classification of Snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" volume="28" year="1894">1894</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E15C5EE03E186C065F6CD92E6E4A8334" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="186 - 219" refId="B135" refString="Cope, ED, 1895. The classification of the Ophidia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 18: 186 - 219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" title="The classification of the Ophidia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" volume="18" year="1895">1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C55ED3E1243F3791A6484AF393FD6B59" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 1143" refId="B137" refString="Cope, ED, 1898. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 1 - 1143" title="The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U. S." volume="1898" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
), a term apparently evoking to the fact that they possess teeth (
<normalizedToken id="4B25ED5DFD74F698E0295EF51ED296FF" originalValue="“οδόντες”">&quot;οδόντες&quot;</normalizedToken>
) solely on their upper (
<normalizedToken id="8FB026A8F0C66ED5438AED9CC7AEDF33" originalValue="“επάνω”">&quot;επάνω&quot;</normalizedToken>
) jaws, i.e., the name counterparting Catodontia (i.e., 
<taxonomicName id="B5B73AEF330C39A00D0C67D756057CCE" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F97D6897B8D5C99FB8A767E5F6637C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
Previous figures of vertebrae of extant 
<taxonomicName id="6B91C1D595A6494663A9A65400D36771" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
have been so far presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="6ED009B0DB395D4B5FF35B33ABB86061" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune (1881)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FDF54217872D608BF1931BCAFC09679E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" author="Mookerjee, HK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B391" refString="Mookerjee, HK, Das, GM, 1933. On the peculiar apertures in the vertebral centra of Typhlops braminus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part I: 283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" title="On the peculiar apertures in the vertebral centra of Typhlops braminus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part I: 283." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" year="1933">Mookerjee and Das (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F655AE1E4C1E2047D7FBA8BE5EBAEEF9" author="Mahendra, BC" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="320 - 322" refId="B361" refString="Mahendra, BC, 1935. The sub-central foramina of the Squamata. Current Science 4: 320 - 322" title="The sub-central foramina of the Squamata." volume="4" year="1935">Mahendra (1935</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="04E281315ACA55C8080BB7AE9753297D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03049353" author="Mahendra, BC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="128 - 142" refId="B362" refString="Mahendra, BC, 1936. Contributions to the osteology of the Ophidia. I. The endoskeleton of the so-called &quot;blind snake&quot;, Typhlops braminus Daud. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 3: 128 - 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03049353" title="Contributions to the osteology of the Ophidia. I. The endoskeleton of the so-called &quot; blind snake &quot;, Typhlops braminus Daud." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03049353" volume="3" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="5C277BD4648E501B56F698D89D0E7CC4" author="Hoffstetter, R" journalOrPublisher="Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B263" refString="Hoffstetter, R, 1939b. Sur l'articulation occipito-vertebrale des Uropeltidae (Ophidiens fouisseurs). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Serie 2) 11: 426-433." title="Sur l'articulation occipito-vertebrale des Uropeltidae (Ophidiens fouisseurs). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Serie 2) 11: 426 - 433." year="1939 b">Hoffstetter (1939b)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3181DF302D44837068F468495E241435" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" author="Evans, HE" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="381 - 396" refId="B167" refString="Evans, HE, 1955. The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw). Anatomical Record 122: 381 - 396, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" title="The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" volume="122" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C95EDAACE8F99E0AAE882A89C098752" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4942B4174EEB01F771E8EF1F0EA0C278" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London and New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B272" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, J, 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Bellairs, Ad'A, Parsons, TS, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology. Academic Press, London and New York 1: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles." volume="1" volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="2BA6054260246F8A0ECB425901871DDF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793102005924" author="Lee, M" journalOrPublisher="Biological Reviews" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="333 - 402" refId="B346" refString="Lee, M, Scanlon, JD, 2002. Snake phylogeny based on osteology, soft anatomy and behaviour. Biological Reviews 77: 333 - 402, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793102005924" title="Snake phylogeny based on osteology, soft anatomy and behaviour." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793102005924" volume="77" year="2002">Lee and Scanlon (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8CF547C1320203AC7F3158A60C0892AF" author="Nakamura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="19 - 34" refId="B398" refString="Nakamura, Y, Takahashi, A, Ota, H, 2013. Recent cryptic extinction of squamate reptiles on Yoronjima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, inferred from garbage dump remains. Acta Herpetologica 8: 19 - 34" title="Recent cryptic extinction of squamate reptiles on Yoronjima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, inferred from garbage dump remains." volume="8" year="2013">Nakamura et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F737F46A4752D8D968A427C0596D4A73" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="131 - 140" refId="B425" refString="Palci, A, Caldwell, MW, Albino, A, 2013a. Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 131 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" title="Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" volume="33" year="2013 a">Palci et al. (2013a)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="FD2969E3249480A735C1D2B5349B5948" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" author="Xing, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B686" refString="Xing, L, Caldwell, MW, Chen, R, Nydam, RL, Palci, A, Simoes, TR, McKellar, RC, Lee, MSY, Liu, Y, Shi, H, Wang, K, Bai, M, 2018. A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat5042. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" title="A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat 5042." url="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" year="2018">Xing et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3ADA080B80FC988980951CEB2F454F90" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" author="Fachini, ST" journalOrPublisher="Cuadernos de Herpetologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B170" refString="Fachini, ST, Onary, S, Palci, A, Lee, MSY, Bronzati, M, Hsiou, AS, 2020. Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" title="Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" year="2020">Fachini et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B2C05C425B90FB80709553634A1F7400" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24589" author="Hawlitschek, O" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="2249 - 2263" refId="B244" refString="Hawlitschek, O, Scherz, MD, Webster, KC, Ineich, I, Glaw, F, 2021. Morphological, osteological, and genetic data support a new species of Madatyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) endemic to Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago. Anatomical Record 304: 2249 - 2263, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24589" title="Morphological, osteological, and genetic data support a new species of Madatyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) endemic to Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24589" volume="304" year="2021">Hawlitschek et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EA5F85D1F78A3EC555DAC58BF8E0E35C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24686" author="Herrel, A" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="2292 - 2302" refId="B260" refString="Herrel, A, Lowie, A, Miralles, A, Gaucher, P, Kley, NJ, Measey, J, Tolley, KA, 2021. Burrowing in blindsnakes: A preliminary analysis of burrowing forces and consequences for the evolution of morphology. Anatomical Record 304: 2292 - 2302, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24686" title="Burrowing in blindsnakes: A preliminary analysis of burrowing forces and consequences for the evolution of morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24686" volume="304" year="2021">Herrel et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C0B6DFFA4C4617C09692F14EB9EF8730" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" author="Lira, I" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="2198 - 2214" refId="B351" refString="Lira, I, Martins, A, 2021. Digging into blindsnakes' morphology: Description of the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae of two Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al., 2014) (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) with comments on the typhlopoidean skull morphological diversity. Anatomical Record 304: 2198 - 2214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" title="Digging into blindsnakes' morphology: Description of the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae of two Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al., 2014) (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) with comments on the typhlopoidean skull morphological diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" volume="304" year="2021">Lira and Martins (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="38166D65E66F01E0F6C298493F19D156" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2242369" author="Peralta, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Universita di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B438" refString="Peralta, MJ, Ferrero, BS, 2023. First Quaternary fossil record of a blind snake (Scolecophidia, Serpentes) from South America (Argentina). Historical Biology https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2242369" title="First Quaternary fossil record of a blind snake (Scolecophidia, Serpentes) from South America (Argentina). Historical Biology" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2242369" year="2023">Peralta and Ferrero (2023)</bibRefCitation>
, including also from individuals of earlier ontogenetic stages (
<bibRefCitation id="541676F9912CFB205DD50E37D1A66E24" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" author="Xing, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B686" refString="Xing, L, Caldwell, MW, Chen, R, Nydam, RL, Palci, A, Simoes, TR, McKellar, RC, Lee, MSY, Liu, Y, Shi, H, Wang, K, Bai, M, 2018. A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat5042. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" title="A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate snake in amber from Myanmar. Science Advances 4: eaat 5042." url="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5042" year="2018">Xing et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Among these, vertebrae from the cloacal and/or caudal series were presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="BBC14E595F7B765480943301B1A5AB88" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" author="Evans, HE" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="381 - 396" refId="B167" refString="Evans, HE, 1955. The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw). Anatomical Record 122: 381 - 396, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" title="The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" volume="122" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="07312A91D703B2864176B512AD572770" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List (1966)</bibRefCitation>
. Figures of the microanatomy and histology / transverse sections of typhlopid vertebrae were presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="7F3EA3AD0F067EFE2C736AD612F87443" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" author="Mookerjee, HK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B391" refString="Mookerjee, HK, Das, GM, 1933. On the peculiar apertures in the vertebral centra of Typhlops braminus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part I: 283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" title="On the peculiar apertures in the vertebral centra of Typhlops braminus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part I: 283." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01595.x" year="1933">Mookerjee and Das (1933)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="9CF6683A8F4413C42EC0CC726C62C64D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050281" author="Sood, MS" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B581" refString="Sood, MS, 1948. The anatomy of the vertebral column in Serpentes. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 28: 1 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050281" title="The anatomy of the vertebral column in Serpentes." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050281" volume="28" year="1948">Sood (1948)</bibRefCitation>
. Quantitative studies on the intracolumnar variability of typhlopid vertebrae was conducted by 
<bibRefCitation id="C5E566019BEA0EA78E26D9372942695D" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="9991C56D64EBD5272ED8FE5579D6B1F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid&quot; snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid &quot; snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A394C567405693CB69E8E6BF217859EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6D32BBABB08FD3B911E3765FF564BC18" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8763BD4787227A2C61894FD117A2F9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<taxonomicName id="A67B6942E3D7D9781DEB881F86489467" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Acutotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutotyphlops kunuaensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunuaensis">
<emphasis id="260BADA468D2C1536095D77389F4D71F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Acutotyphlops kunuaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="BCE9E3EDCAC1C6625B6DF2D6F3EAC87B" accessionNumber="M52992, M65157, M48876, M69969, M70129, M83066, M68126" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="UF Herp, Hedges, Thomas, Dumeril, Bibron, VZ Her" county="Richmond" location="Wallach" municipality="Media" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="A73D84B2526F4507A6EE010F4885E489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:A73D84B2526F4507A6EE010F4885E489" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Wallach">Wallach</location>
, 1995 (FMNH 44800 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="BF1066B9B282F53B7B0B810DFA15C246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:BF1066B9B282F53B7B0B810DFA15C246" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000052992, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="641601994F07D63F53CC1213F364CC17" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M52992">M52992</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="5B4A9B1B58C1345774393C1FD7AAA725" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="5C96846040DE4BC8FD2DC1B80FF5DC4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="B97C79A64EEA05AA5938CA68691F0868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:B97C79A64EEA05AA5938CA68691F0868" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Leach in Bowdich">Leach in Bowdich</location>
, 1819) (NHMUK 1911.6.9.2); 
<taxonomicName id="780F7DFCBAE25AA668E8E11940F168FB" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops steinhausi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinhausi">
<emphasis id="187A3AA2A41DE2E847EA1B42731539AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops steinhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="CA91A82EF66044245975406BE29FC532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:CA91A82EF66044245975406BE29FC532" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Werner">Werner</location>
, 1909) (MNHN-ZA-AC-1964.0042); 
<taxonomicName id="D35C171E1E7D2C64D8D97FB861F3C709" baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops brongersmianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
<emphasis id="16D7C602E5234648F6091DDFE1C3F8EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops brongersmianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="BD3BD03ABE064CCD464C2CAE7AA257B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:BD3BD03ABE064CCD464C2CAE7AA257B0" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Vanzolini">Vanzolini</location>
, 1976) (FMNH 195928 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="5F9B78F64ED7ADDC3D5AD1543AED3914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:5F9B78F64ED7ADDC3D5AD1543AED3914" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000065157, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="51723644BE53D855FA89193840DFFB2E" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M65157">M65157</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="4F10C1EEC1215C240F1CBD1F738DE8AF" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops microstomus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstomus">
<emphasis id="BA305E7289A16F4560E6F6F188D554E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops microstomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="A2F9D818198650F602F7AE573178F9AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:A2F9D818198650F602F7AE573178F9AA" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Cope">Cope</location>
, 1866) (UCM 
<location id="AB40B2BA74E04526BBBBC8694A6DEB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:AB40B2BA74E04526BBBBC8694A6DEB8C" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Herp">Herp</location>
40750 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="C14E2C3A540A94CCA9AC69E9DEB14992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:C14E2C3A540A94CCA9AC69E9DEB14992" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000438912, ark:/87602/m4/438912]); 
<taxonomicName id="F022CD0EAF83E8DF4F5C06043113347F" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios erycinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erycinus">
<emphasis id="5AF5C500B7002A9415267851EFCB1A35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios erycinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="7AB6A3E8D33F2B109E5288E64527451F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:7AB6A3E8D33F2B109E5288E64527451F" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Werner">Werner</location>
, 1901) (
<collectorName id="C2F7D931827CFA4B24C035DAFB5BDC41">UF Herp</collectorName>
113561 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="70A7588352DCECB50E1DB747823049D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:70A7588352DCECB50E1DB747823049D5" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000448363, ark:/87602/m4/448363); 
<taxonomicName id="A36BC055605AE8C2DD47F2D906D3B62C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios torresianus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresianus">
<emphasis id="A50D1397F3FCE2D33EDFE230FA014929" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios torresianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="8F0FA6C539DB105214BB447E6617F24D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:8F0FA6C539DB105214BB447E6617F24D" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Boulenger">Boulenger</location>
, 1889) (UMMZ 83512 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="5C435E82C2197245454A026308709D50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:5C435E82C2197245454A026308709D50" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000386190, ark:/87602/m4/386190]); 
<taxonomicName id="2F6DCBD4C436250700FD64E705896580" baseAuthorityName="Hedges &amp; Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Antillotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antillotyphlops hypomethes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomethes">
<emphasis id="826095C3BF3D1C2072C345FA0CEE783C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Antillotyphlops hypomethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectorName id="6D418F463D03BABB5622D3972CD7194C">Hedges</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="869CEAA5EEA645F182FE56835FDB3076">Thomas</collectorName>
, 1991) (MCZ 
<location id="98ACD81E61F318FDD4A1F12293984F3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:98ACD81E61F318FDD4A1F12293984F3C" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Herp">Herp</location>
R-38322 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="3D582A54802C5E6086FBF053C0DB8F92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:3D582A54802C5E6086FBF053C0DB8F92" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000048876, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="09E48030F64EB9C38451DE1C07D5F549" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M48876">M48876</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="D323DFD44A5C06BF8873DC761AD9CE4B" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis diardii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diardii">
<emphasis id="12602A727AEF20A4544A0234DB5C77E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis diardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="2F5E1E9D201E3B64CDD375A63AEC3ED4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:2F5E1E9D201E3B64CDD375A63AEC3ED4" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Schlegel">Schlegel</location>
, 
<quantity id="2B0CE5A349A8018EEC0EFC5F3A2E0C6F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="2E96AEB62D615E2A98DFD76555A2B730" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B543" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas. Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" title="Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
-1844) (MNHN-AC-1908.0115); 
<taxonomicName id="3F1F1660D6BDEC5F543989074FAD1DB0" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis muelleri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="11C5EDDD5A9F54AA45E487ED0ECE9958" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="F57748AC1D9E032FADB633C659B8F526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:F57748AC1D9E032FADB633C659B8F526" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Schlegel">Schlegel</location>
, 
<quantity id="BE7D4EC2EB44F548422E1C4195983EDD" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="2B95D2B3C43D42080B368BF3C64F765C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B543" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas. Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" title="Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
-1844) (FMNH H 259200 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="5C43F3C76128734D57538E4C4FC85670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:5C43F3C76128734D57538E4C4FC85670" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000069969, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="1E14CAD461247CDA03041D98AF68E4D5" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M69969">M69969</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="6804F982867439AC6EB63DE1114EDB6C" baseAuthorityName="Richmond" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Cubatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cubatyphlops biminiensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biminiensis">
<emphasis id="454F08E7619AF7FFEB2D78F17A38E372" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cubatyphlops biminiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="3D186F022E345ED0DA25B1E9EEA7ECDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:3D186F022E345ED0DA25B1E9EEA7ECDD" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Richmond">Richmond</location>
, 1955) (MCZ 
<location id="8A4E9F954EBE6267FA592A339D098707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:8A4E9F954EBE6267FA592A339D098707" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Herp">Herp</location>
R-69444 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="5B66A6DE686DFFCBFEF3D8A0F6B8CB1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:5B66A6DE686DFFCBFEF3D8A0F6B8CB1E" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000393020, ark:/87602/m4/393020]); 
<taxonomicName id="FA0C9BD4B1C4C6BF11AA775376BACFA7" baseAuthorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grypotyphlops acutus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="473BB2DB7475E1AEF8A1C8F9AC9B4E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Grypotyphlops acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="65D5C5841EB71478C9A9184CEB3D4D6E" originalValue="Duméril">
<collectorName id="3A2BC357DFFAA2336AE47CA0CE8D4D35">Dumeril</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="7992E9DB1BDBD05F6D748189B37F7465">Bibron</collectorName>
, 1844) (MCZ 
<location id="F28AD7BA38EB3700404342ACD369ACE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:F28AD7BA38EB3700404342ACD369ACE0" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Herp">Herp</location>
R-3849 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="9C352D51D045344F5A1C47311F11B838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:9C352D51D045344F5A1C47311F11B838" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000350220, ark:/87602/m4/350220]); 
<taxonomicName id="022CA03564A409B63B276384009FA56E" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="E824807142FA8338AF62C10067933794" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-AC-1911.0030; 
<collectorName id="E8817E44D72BC3B8FBB11F77FA03321D">UF Herp</collectorName>
29433 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="D90DF3852173F20328836D6E0356AEC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:D90DF3852173F20328836D6E0356AEC7" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000493259, ark:/87602/m4/493259]); 
<taxonomicName id="762F80837162EAB1FB846EF9C79B726E" baseAuthorityName="Grandidier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops arenarius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="B2AC53CE3B87D578E9489640B452B79C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops arenarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="7933578B6A5CBD3220AB2A485F2DCABE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:7933578B6A5CBD3220AB2A485F2DCABE" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Grandidier">Grandidier</location>
, 1872) (UMMZ 241854 [Morphosource.org: 
<location id="2FA0257105F765392B7BAAB46ED415C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:2FA0257105F765392B7BAAB46ED415C6" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Media">Media</location>
000070129, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="4F987B5828530F3B26FB8D86F90132E9" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M70129">M70129</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="2D541246446AF36340FE6A718A342864" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops lalandei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandei">
<emphasis id="54E011440B4D0B6ED9E439AC1035A1D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops lalandei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="AB490D9634607DADE1F9EC69D3A6A6DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:211E339C93A39840443D8AF087202977:AB490D9634607DADE1F9EC69D3A6A6DD" county="Richmond" municipality="Media" name="Schlegel">Schlegel</location>
, 
<quantity id="85C378B76B31E192CD4954438DE91A8F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="A9447497B7629E4F5E2AFF53BD80FF09" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B543" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas. Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" title="Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
-1844) (UMMZ 61525 [Morphosource.org: 
<collectingMunicipality id="731E6B4D45F482CFEF4F303BE07B4663">Media</collectingMunicipality>
000083066, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="48565BDF0E75EBE6E77E9CBC702411CD" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M83066">M83066</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="6CC2AA0C212642D1ED9DE0CEE86F54BD" authorityName="Richmond" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops gonavensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gonavensis">
<emphasis id="409D022D46A20B5DB2AAFC869AC98487" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops gonavensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCounty id="9931AC375FDCE0EB67511BBF2C9EEBC0">Richmond</collectingCounty>
, 1964 (YPM 
<collectorName id="A087558AAB284FA37C2781544D71C289">VZ Her</collectorName>
003003 [
<typeStatus id="8C85ADA8B71471DDE202A3572F453FD2">holotype</typeStatus>
] [Morphosource.org: Media 000495769, ark:/87602/m4/495769]); 
<taxonomicName id="CD77584D9A0DA2640217C2EA8ABF733F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops lumbricalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricalis">
<emphasis id="5814389374BFC56748578C4F5292A001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops lumbricalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758) (YPM 
<collectorName id="EF1DE751FC80C4879A93C23A2934ADF6">VZ Her</collectorName>
003000 [Morphosource.org: Media 000068126, ark:/87602/m4/ 
<accessionNumber id="E1FD52D199CC5A50EC6DF65471E0920A" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M68126">M68126</accessionNumber>
]); 
<taxonomicName id="A5C91E189A53686D5E998902FE3231E8" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops syriacus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syriacus">
<emphasis id="651AA703ABA2BDCF1F7E25048996A15D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops syriacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jan, 1864) (ISEZ R/407); 
<taxonomicName id="39B9F1957E9E1D5A85F44019831A307F" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops vermicularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="49ADFEB329B289BA0D29D29E93A80EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Merrem, 1820) (MGPT-MDHC 197; MGPT-MDHC 293; NHMW 33838)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECB4D00DC536B7776CDDF77A42604283" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="9347AF627850147F29B8AEE173D7C313" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
Description (Figs 
<figureCitation id="5B87C284D5865D59E6D97F8B2A0B3AF1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Typhlopidae: Afrotyphlops punctatus (NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), anterior trunk vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912895" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">5</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation id="653D8A394D4656361FB9D88D60D1D963" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Typhlopidae: Xerotyphlops syriacus (ISEZ R / 407), trunk vertebra." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912903" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">13</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B47932F57AF5FD2AC861AFA6C147D50" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="A303F15D4A2315AA895C96A8F10A62AF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk vertebrae</emphasis>
. The morphology of the trunk vertebrae is very similar to leptotyphlopids. See the respective part in 
<taxonomicName id="CC4B2AF0CFF9908408BAFCE2A005F5A6" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E968156F9B1D0D18215C379452A20F16" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912895" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="6D946E5F59C537B3AE690D3032D65F0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="DD52FFDC66A9CDF2046C54F4E0B3DBDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3130E7CACEB896E451DD5B566E60767E" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="33EFB592355F63E906B28F713E7A0C1D" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6FF42AE435776959377B0CBD1C2577B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), anterior trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="728BA466CAF637AC92CA4595B1683DDA" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912896" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="740DB6E5213C29F4C1C8F278EBB9F20D" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="941E71BB95AA0828243626427044C7C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B26BF5DF3E0E32FF0FECB17FDB63E1E9" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="FA0BA6879AE392E000564FC994687EDA" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="CD6EFFB28C38B462ACF99C8CD0B664F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0A6F29F0857BB11573776F2899E57E77" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912897" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="E2BFCE19B3F33233E9323FD37A823813" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="89CBC58E1F99510A6E4E8CE76EE21E59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A8B9D5AE8F96391A4CBC41D8BBAEA615" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="B1ECF9A4F3FA321A58C5787A7180397C" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="C5DC2C33675CBDEFBDE45CA1DFA36E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8339622620E462FC6D2DC870549FFB05" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912898" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="9167CD4E247A8DA2259E8E8BB5162617" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="51FACFED74B4A9B6A6E156CE31F02107" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0816E8C7B6ACD6F5FCCECB2C599C6195" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="E9A34D07E888EB8D8B118BB52EAB510D" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="22764D22753C2763138B9215D083DD2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACDCB03C4D249061242A4464AE17EA58" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912899" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="2B5A187C7243DE2FF46E4D2010FA5D1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="4CB9548C52E8FE9E9AB8534F10CE7CB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA41CCD717CBDF3C4C7D38EBAD22187F" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="04D0A4C83EE38C06F8200BA6AD6EF138" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="425979AAEA342BE6FCAAC0AA4ABE5100" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2), cloacal and caudal vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6CAD09F0D855F2FAD42A9BBC8B59357E" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912900" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="6BFE4ED68860672CF94525A418FE88C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="06CBF30248158B791CC5585E290ED816" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0E8BD098DC0EF44A1875A886EFB3CBFA" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="98B35BF2802001724B4EAE958BA5B75C" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis diardii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diardii">
<emphasis id="EB024625E5EE6A05E82BCF5FADF76CA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis diardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-AC-1908.0115), trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F2D609C39BAE85E533D47F267DCBD39F" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912901" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="F1BD7E1FB64F114E9A21EB20061E6145" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="0273C0C5A09FDEC95540DD7FA747BBBC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C81946AEF20198D522575D58CB636713" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="1BE7D2B70C13DBF2A65A3158ADB93717" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis diardii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diardii">
<emphasis id="84C524D89FA83CEB2EEC17E0C694F652" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis diardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-AC-1908.0115), trunk and cloacal vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E2A57292AF99FA69890254569372A31D" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912902" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="FF2D0EEBE22DA490671E7556256EE532" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="A30DF729680B8FE046450C5D8CEED512" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D21D814D90B7D7DAC68CEB3700E24434" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="491881AFEFCC0DB66D65F8ED94CFE275" baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops brongersmianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
<emphasis id="9D538FFF84FE2AFA6C11D14CB8B24D86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops brongersmianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 195928), trunk vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1FC8D3066ADBBD43BD47FC2D60AB323" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912903" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="896476472CCFC6BF62678C63824D443D" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="4CE9C2396AC06AA9F4FBF10888EC097F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A0B86FF2437FAD3DABC3B1E6654C4AF0" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="8B1CDFF8BA9C75F0B7379E48338A241F" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops syriacus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syriacus">
<emphasis id="D981A6E077F5F7BAA6C1293710C46230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops syriacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ISEZ R/407), trunk vertebra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E1B61770619375A7E04B0827C13E5FD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Worth noting here is that, contrary to most leptotyphlopids, a single asymmetrical subcentral foramen is present in several (but not all) trunk vertebrae of typhlopids (see above &quot;Vertebral distinction among scolecophidian families&quot;).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B4CAEEE189057AB01A4471CC8A7A4FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="0A21ABAE99338CC7999E863DBDC5CB69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="2C86CE8EDDB4D8EDFF97DE18C5F4E9F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk</emphasis>
/ 
<emphasis id="D8C1161277F7406BEFE4DB11C7525C78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">caudal transition</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. The morphology of these vertebrae is overall similar to leptotyphlopids. See the respective part in 
<taxonomicName id="B6C0EDE58270F775FB7287F666B22D3C" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leptotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C46A754CA6572ABBFF93E852DBA9A5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="6BA2A47A9EF10A3AC7C0663552ED9479" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
<emphasis id="2055E68F54E8E429C275917C3515BB3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Number of vertebrae</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2C61536AC5FCAFB49418B43A3D91A6F6" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Acutotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutotyphlops kunuaensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunuaensis">
<emphasis id="FCDAE655771B17B4EC30AAE1B8BD08CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Acutotyphlops kunuaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 44800): 280 (267+5+8, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="A95DE0D06552DAF4806C7D165985E478" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="9C12AFE1A6325AE6460DEF77253E0765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1911.6.9.2): 188+ (183+5+0+); 
<taxonomicName id="674F417401379BA444972F82E4C75DAA" baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops brongersmianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
<emphasis id="34894BB545EAD9BD44B00581FD5F3053" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops brongersmianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 195928): 149 (138+4+7, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="C16914F8EA1649DA89911E52D4F11F13" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops microstomus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstomus">
<emphasis id="8FEE67CC07BB012C0C430D2DC2B9EBBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops microstomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UCM Herp 40750): ~310 vertebrae in total; 
<taxonomicName id="26807B727086F41F6CD455AA6A36C3B0" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios erycinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erycinus">
<emphasis id="803B0E0E6C2CA39CDEEDCB68AD001BEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios erycinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF Herp 113561): 183 (173+3+7, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="B29A712B42EB95FCE883B0DD8CA142A8" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios torresianus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresianus">
<emphasis id="39FE91D2AF32773991BDAD7DC1F5EEE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios torresianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UMMZ 83512): 221 (208+4+9, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="55753367A00CFF8F989589504E507DF6" baseAuthorityName="Hedges &amp; Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Antillotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antillotyphlops hypomethes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomethes">
<emphasis id="9BA4665CE985254ABE9345BA7265509C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Antillotyphlops hypomethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MCZ Herp R-38322): 218 (205+3+10, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="06102E23DEADEE1F5D007E5B12AB1222" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis diardii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diardii">
<emphasis id="E1C25E61E7006A7E330CC1103C237EAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis diardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-AC-1911.0030): 192+ (190+2+0+); 
<taxonomicName id="833BF2D8CA2CD5A858E2D630DAA0E6F2" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Argyrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophis muelleri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="4860D48C31F4C8421C68D5B6D0FF3C9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Argyrophis muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH H 259200): 176 (167+4+5, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="2119B83B5418DB73CEABF7B535DB0118" baseAuthorityName="Richmond" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Cubatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cubatyphlops biminiensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biminiensis">
<emphasis id="19413CFBD388470F707BAACA42C42956" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cubatyphlops biminiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MCZ Herp R-69444): 273 (260+4+9, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="23B1E3041ACC81A559487D6D590414E9" baseAuthorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grypotyphlops acutus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="A7319FC44910C9BF138E38F4B42EB5AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Grypotyphlops acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MCZ Herp R-3849): 267 (255+5+7, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="267317AA450A83D0024A6155D8F45A0D" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="B64A7C782E6671DD3B52A4090EE63BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF Herp 29433): 270 (244+3+23, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="10C5552A32926488B514C1C98AF1202D" baseAuthorityName="Grandidier" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops arenarius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">
<emphasis id="D14296A01D4994FA8EC20DA93E7CB75D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops arenarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UMMZ 241854): 180 trunk vertebrae (cloacal and caudal vertebrae are missing, perhaps also some posteriormost trunk vertebrae); 
<taxonomicName id="178B98C681C12BF38F04BF6509EAA4AF" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops lalandei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandei">
<emphasis id="0BB32B4741B0C2FC831460E670629F9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops lalandei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UMMZ 61525): 199 (187+3+9, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="4BB38AC8EA25D75D8C9AF3E960AFA95B" authorityName="Richmond" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops gonavensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gonavensis">
<emphasis id="B1640F73232A5D70759D96E2D8E36135" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops gonavensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM VZ Her 003003 [
<typeStatus id="4E208AED5DED3948F9A0E33059DC04AA">holotype</typeStatus>
]): 247 (236+4+7, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="35BDB4446C1EF9C613A60216592B4C19" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops lumbricalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricalis">
<emphasis id="629737AD23343FDE02BFF4737D21F9E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops lumbricalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM VZ Her 003000): 179 (167+4+8, including a final fusion); 
<taxonomicName id="FE47BDD9556F0D78DA6FBE95F09E9F9C" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops vermicularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="1D5028833095F91A19D2C0C6820A3506" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MGPT-MDHC 197): 211+ vertebrae in total.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B39CD0062FB915974E0CF4FE805708DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
Data from literature and unpublished data from personal communications: 
<taxonomicName id="B7FE1C109C937AFAE2A54209B70163C7" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Acutotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutotyphlops infralabialis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infralabialis">
<emphasis id="A39537769AE1F697ABDF71D770D78514" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Acutotyphlops infralabialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Waite, 1918): 289 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 13 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="BC1D691706D936B488ACB2F7AE7046E5" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="34B74B3546033FDAD4385626FC9C2CDC" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Acutotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutotyphlops solomonis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">
<emphasis id="FC6DD9AF429F36C1083DBD2E5017672F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Acutotyphlops solomonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Parker, 1939): 219-222 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 13-16 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="C4A3932CE1B0231900E7D49A1CA45594" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="DD69DDCF83D70BFE4320CE33831082A9" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops angeli" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
<emphasis id="796CF0F689AA6E3050526FAF7CA8704B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="E6C237BA92ACB47520A91D3C2E2FD232" originalValue="Guibé">Guibe</normalizedToken>
, 1952): 332 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="A5CEEEAB43AC9D3C733E77827C7D9474" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="66629F08C784EB8522FC6CCCBA915D1C" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E5D102D9BC8AE0FF75C3FD196E0194B6" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops angolensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
<emphasis id="ABBC9FED4346E37DE19ABFE1FD00B275" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops angolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bocage, 1866): 209-236 vertebrae in total in males and 213-236 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="D6CC60AA917187EED56A7DCE0DDF9BB2" author="Roux-Esteve, R" editor="Saeger, H de" journalOrPublisher="Fondacion pour favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique (Deuxieme Serie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="56 - 61" refId="B518" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1975. Superfamille Typhlopoidea. In: Saeger, H de, Roux-Esteve, R, Witte, G-F de, Eds., Exploration du Parc National des Virunga. Fondacion pour favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique (Deuxieme Serie) 24: 56 - 61" title="Superfamille Typhlopoidea." volume="24" volumeTitle="Exploration du Parc National des Virunga." year="1975">
<normalizedToken id="C47EDA47E50F6ED49CAECC0C5EDB1B9B" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="B04610497576FDA65CA5B0CDC0FD4D47" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops angolensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
<emphasis id="0084C83951BC9E2C9BCFE6EE60BA45E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops angolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 206-246 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="907877062299E67EEE7CB106F98A5D89" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="5398431DB9D92E187DBC16E27B8DC018" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops anomalus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="32388E221CF08ED755E2C39749FFAE45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bocage, 1873): 184-203 vertebrae in total in males and 198-206 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="514ED3C39E7661378041453DC21D5772" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="E6AB98D04D386B1F8957F5FA5D0141F2" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="AF441913F98E934C81A9D603AD8D4810" baseAuthorityName="A.Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops bibronii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bibronii">
<emphasis id="FCE4848314AD00098DF33D9FEEB1B837" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops bibronii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Smith, 
<quantity id="A1F55EBB13B6615B327B0B1B1FF1489A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68884" unit="in" value="1846.0">1846 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="5938B77BA7C89A8FC70437F5FA8D3C08" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120508" author="Smith, A" journalOrPublisher="Smith, Elder &amp; Company, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B567" refString="Smith, A, 1838-1849. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836; Fitted Out by &quot;The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa,&quot; Together with a Summary of African Zoology, and an Inquiry into the Geographical Ranges of Species in that Quarter of the Globe. Reptilia. Smith, Elder &amp; Company, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120508" title="Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836; Fitted Out by &quot; The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa, &quot; Together with a Summary of African Zoology, and an Inquiry into the Geographical Ranges of Species in that Quarter of the Globe. Reptilia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120508" year="1838 - 1849">Smith 1838-1849</bibRefCitation>
): 182-212 vertebrae in total in males and 197-223 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="CAAAFA302AC3FF78DBA31A63EC9D8F57" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="E8D7C0A146299981DA128B0F247250A5" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="8CE1D5D8C86CC9C82FC4B1D9C6A3D601" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops blanfordii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordii">
<emphasis id="69750658FBB81CCAB48CAA4A5355137D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops blanfordii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1889): 233 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 11 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="9D0460137249B788EF681599E117594F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E652D1F41738391C432A403054B8C9F6" baseAuthorityName="Scortecci" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops brevis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="69964FD8AAFCFFC83758FCB44657B2A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Scortecci, 1929): 190-250 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="4E70E5BDDA8CE133F4BF5B7751B396C9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="40FE6806CF81201271513ACEE46FDFA6" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E18380FC32196F1FD1B5402B142D7891" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="5E087B64841C6C2D49BF1AFAB125C137" baseAuthorityName="Gans &amp; Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops calabresii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabresii">
<emphasis id="C1DBCAF40F5D95AA4DD68F7D7E049B9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops calabresii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gans &amp; Laurent, 1965): 130-153 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="BE8349F718EEB7BA4FE758D61B3722D1" author="Gans, C" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 70" refId="B185" refString="Gans, C, Laurent, RF, 1965. Snakes. In: Gans, C, Laurent, RF, Pandit, H, Eds., Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique) 134: 47 - 70" title="Snakes." volume="134" volumeTitle="Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic." year="1965">Gans and Laurent 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="346C9D83EDCB1A16099C8DA9075AF994" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="686AC37065294AA8A4154BAC09628E70" baseAuthorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops congestus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congestus">
<emphasis id="5561366E54F3FC1D2CECD8D89CAD0733" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops congestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="67BE83D72E22E2D7EBE3FF8B2513378A" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
&amp; Bibron, 1844): 180-182 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 7-12 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="C1FC02B9872EC360E987A35E4886FC0A" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3F923510B8F68700ED747C7B5B73D634" baseAuthorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops congestus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congestus">
<emphasis id="EE435210669C2E866DB9E9951B115A26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops congestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 185-201 vertebrae in total in males and 191-206 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="4D9279A2E0CB89EABFB0D4AA5B2FE2F3" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="9F36A6258C307B919F568258C4608684" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9BF9BF1D9289F0C8E3E7E6692E81D0C4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops cuneirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuneirostris">
<emphasis id="579B5E70E912AD3CE976100A673D6D45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops cuneirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 115-126 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="20CE207A1276AB1CF8B6C50EC1FB6922" author="Gans, C" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 70" refId="B185" refString="Gans, C, Laurent, RF, 1965. Snakes. In: Gans, C, Laurent, RF, Pandit, H, Eds., Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique) 134: 47 - 70" title="Snakes." volume="134" volumeTitle="Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic." year="1965">Gans and Laurent 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B3DD2BAF31069E1DC1F01FD08B3AE6D3" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="10B4FCB94E96CA804AEEDBE238EA4B9D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops cuneirostris" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuneirostris">
<emphasis id="0C5C7A81C311A29C42245CF2E294DFF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops cuneirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 115-153 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="9C1B0F95156FA61B5D641BA965380F2F" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="59221F4564188F3B5115D72861AAC30F" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6C099EEAD3EE8924D9BD423125D8CCAA" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E69AD18868467AC730847D01F95C36FC" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops decorosus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decorosus">
<emphasis id="D1B6C7DCE38C36CB6131A37E2CFB93D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops decorosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Buchholz &amp; Peters in Peters, 1875): 307 vertebrae in total in males and 313-320 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="7D119DCAFAA036B0238ECF0B56E63385" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="4C0F518AAEC2804F6CFBE398573FDA7E" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="EB7691885FC1407E5CD068D564B9E86B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="F00A6CAA4A89ECCF9B380C4A80D984EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1868): 210-218 vertebrae in total in males and 214-220 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="772E7AB1568F99719CAA75A562B836A8" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="7F1F0E28F63C8D1AED3FECFBDF279DE0" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="75F209B0831479056D828CB834B610CA" baseAuthorityName="Bianconi" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops fornasinii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fornasinii">
<emphasis id="1BDB2EEAB162C04448261BF783A320AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops fornasinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bianconi, 1849): 144-159 vertebrae in total in males and 155-167 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="8A1B259C8A413B76D895924A76EF2400" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="72C960007F8541BFB8D8FC8FE545FBEC" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="FD18AEF341BA3A59806AA12F4B6F9AD3" baseAuthorityName="Mocquard" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops gierrai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gierrai">
<emphasis id="CC36C2DE5A2BE7491ABB3249F89FD54A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops gierrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mocquard, 1897): 219-231 vertebrae in total in males and 225-242 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="515FCA23F2CA2BE2E506714DE66B7C63" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="14633F5EB745C5ACF8D902F356537AEA" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3198DC0C67904E759F3B075E4C308DE9" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops liberiensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liberiensis">
<emphasis id="FF417CAC2F8E70B59EDA1F83177FE313" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops liberiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hallowell, 1848): 196-213 vertebrae in total in males and 201-218 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="7ED7DC85799010F61678AA91AB5BEBA6" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="598D47E9EE97F49CC859E649706F91C3" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="7D5B2CE71D149516AA5F22579EFB12F3" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops lineolatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
<emphasis id="72B98845DF9F2D269920B2336EEA7946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops lineolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jan, 1864): 184-209 vertebrae in total in males and 187-214 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="90712C0B3DAC2AE59846F5C1073D4E48" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="37BDB0433E38637BADE3F0A9B73073B7" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="0F51FF2D2B6352CB236EE3462B4D4792" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops manni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manni">
<emphasis id="7796426652B725F49D76849D0601EDAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops manni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Loveridge, 1941): 301-332 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="3CE5683B1B853F962618E465DE81D571" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="2B75711817B869AF808666B8B28C1E5B" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="02AF798C0530B5795CBA24319EC8AF27" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3AF4DF2B6326EA73DDAF068B3FDDE6C7" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops mucruso" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucruso">
<emphasis id="939F202052F8C3FE79C9B81A385DB6EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops mucruso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1854): 197 trunk vertebrae plus 5 cloacal vertebrae plus 8 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="63C9B3F5040F345424EF27DB88B73730" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E1CFA218C9EAE6160EF333276F9151B4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops mucruso" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucruso">
<emphasis id="27CD8E09A584F2D59EDF8EAAD63C3BA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops mucruso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 166-202 vertebrae in total in males and 182-224 vertebrae in total in females (
<taxonomicName id="D19BB9EC7C795F1A9315489F309662B3" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops schlegelii subsp. dinga" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schlegelii" subSpecies="dinga">
<emphasis id="1B6F96050DF3F78DD2796C0D07CF4B45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops schlegelii dinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of 
<bibRefCitation id="9F722AB2A2D40BD1FC6E75D9F1F3529A" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="A9F0BFB5A58407AEB60668978CF2FDD9" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="0017E696778C0B43F67C3B1DF5A8F851" baseAuthorityName="Broadley &amp; Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops nigrocandidus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrocandidus">
<emphasis id="BE93E442D70B7F9B4F5ECE8830F2235C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops nigrocandidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Broadley &amp; Wallach, 2000): 242 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="7CFD1DC89E69B22078F8F07CC97B616F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="CCAC0983419F449B25A5E25DEC6DCF77" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops obtusus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusus">
<emphasis id="D99105EAA3C4849CEAF7EAE5E3BCE441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops obtusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1865): 251-261 vertebrae in total in males and 252-271 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="2E8EEE1E524722A372465325491EDF1A" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="A755BE419BEA0BDC9ABBA17FFA6547B1" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="AEAD3E8E1DC27F74ED3894F392AC84C7" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="D2BF349FBAFC0B581FDC381028745257" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 191-219 vertebrae in total in males and 201-224 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="2B4FBC24F60C828C279DFEED0AC1587E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="D2AC8A40866B27179F28B4AF8F8B404B" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="94B6FC4542989D476C22F58B12CD7F49" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="8DD6988C18C0A2AA5BE4B65152BF8275" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 181 trunk vertebrae plus 11 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="2C919F4EAD1C4A3221788F34AFC6248F" author="Nopcsa, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="99 - 154" refId="B402" refString="Nopcsa, F, 1923. Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien. Palaeontographica 65: 99 - 154" title="Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien." volume="65" year="1923">Nopcsa 1923</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4AE923D22F17684C2B959BC79EDD9F2E" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops rondoensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rondoensis">
<emphasis id="0993D6DD360419575F96118C87523283" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops rondoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Loveridge, 1942): 197-216 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="656C5B4B52D990CB12CAA8E3B6D7FD0C" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="4831A012EDEFBA73BA55C899D4EAFC34" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3AB14B653A288E93072C383ECCDBC38F" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="F6C2E90DBD62068FD45308E02E1428EC" baseAuthorityName="Bianconi" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops schlegelii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="C7140D7AE081B64868AEFE09EBD5046E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops schlegelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bianconi, 1849): 184 trunk vertebrae plus 5 cloacal vertebrae plus 9 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="03E189B41F2B25BC3D56A7D5FE5EB262" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="AAB5447CAB2C770163675998409112F4" baseAuthorityName="Bianconi" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops schlegelii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="92A51564D87FB0B17C5DC47E986A9613" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops schlegelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 175-187 vertebrae in total in males and 194-206 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="6B896434CC140E6442A5BC8B09C9E851" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="41C0E066EDCB0805DB700B59EFCBD1DD" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="CD032A7EEE0399E407818040135E2491" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
<emphasis id="098C607317152E8946AFA0ECCE4D534F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops schmidti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Laurent, 1956): 188-212 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="6F4326299A744A2667C765442A8E3A57" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="98153C1A44502AE29F63725D0BEE093D" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops steinhausi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinhausi">
<emphasis id="0C32875B85918C9D9DE2E0EE1A0BBB9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops steinhausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 235-245 vertebrae in total in males and 241-255 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="5C6AC3B4B4F939E013E4D6331D9ED0C9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="BC6C62F8EE9418C588518DF0AF829D13" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="FBE77538EFD9E3789C7151B222504BC7" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops tanganicanus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanganicanus">
<emphasis id="F20F744630CAD90DA4D732A72B074769" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops tanganicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Laurent, 1964): 227-247 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="642A81213E7E844273DA372AA117FE23" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="2185A80F473519DD11C75DD52B1229AA" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="01AF05961A30775497D17E18EA45FF41" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="477F0A23021B6FE8A52603B0F95A0948" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops usambaricus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usambaricus">
<emphasis id="C63975CB32851A5FEC68A025C8CD9151" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops usambaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Laurent, 1964): 196-211 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="720EF6BF58949A2C119C479F1BDEBB3E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9C5FF9E73E4DC63268A4E194620ED73B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops reticulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="FD92084F14B8DD850081D73FCCBD896C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758): 140 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 9 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="00AA2628BAAA10FE0687CA568C747943" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="0317046E872A3197A96E29E4FF9EB72B" baseAuthorityName="Montague" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios ammodytes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ammodytes">
<emphasis id="E07305FA17934F69B996EF346622C0FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios ammodytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Montague, 1914): 193-231 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="F19D7F325EB2E11A2C344BBBE89E1989" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios australis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="76AE8D931E9CEEC9B5BFDB42A0F48472" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1845: 145-164 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="0F19288F3B4980A69D09B09CFC77DCA7" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="78A366DC0E8020EA1D0F8AEF974E56D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schmidt in Peters, 1858): 145-173 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="EE846B30F71771308AB5549869D53CB0" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios bituberculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="0980A62D206D57C4C34BB85BCEDB7BA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios bituberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1863): 219-300 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 13-15 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="2298B0D6543F40415B3B2F71C6661145" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="756780AB44636C5F263716C352669741" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios diversus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diversus">
<emphasis id="F5258FCB496422A9E753BBB2D758091A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios diversus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Waite, 1894): 186-230 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="F2B0A7458395362CFC51DE05BB7E7DBE" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios endoterus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="endoterus">
<emphasis id="1B5F4F27BD700AD2CBBB61FAAE0CF697" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios endoterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Waite, 1918): 203-245 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="327D9674318934F0FA9F324735C57B6B" authorityName="Shea" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios fossor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fossor">
<emphasis id="DA748D1A1E4F6D0D37EAE4B428E9D203" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios fossor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shea, 2015: 250 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="71122F826375162D260249283FE55E79" baseAuthorityName="Aplin" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios ganei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ganei">
<emphasis id="C759BC8DD7C1732D50706479A944145E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios ganei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Aplin, 1998): 195-223 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="322110796FCFD1C37B7B2972C088C58E" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios guentheri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="5A766C7CCC0A174D98D5A059D05257B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios guentheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1865): 249-293 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="C4DEC8607A6EAD076ACDA175FA1501FA" baseAuthorityName="Storr" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios hamatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamatus">
<emphasis id="64757DFA1ED35E9DAB0949FCDD9A2D1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios hamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Storr, 1981): 170-192 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="94FF547E15A22ED6EE32166FE36CFAE3" baseAuthorityName="Storr" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios kimberleyensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimberleyensis">
<emphasis id="B00F833474FD6537EBC712C3D277D395" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios kimberleyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Storr, 1981): 188-250 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="C8CA669F784F84A0BEFAACE965989180" baseAuthorityName="Robb" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios leptosomus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptosomus">
<emphasis id="50CFC76F297CBAEFBC05F1EFDA895015" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios leptosomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Robb, 1972): 288-334 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="AC20F452C905D881273E4A1CFE940641" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios ligatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ligatus">
<emphasis id="1EDF800FF7379127A75C23BE79386660" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios ligatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1879): 140-166 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="68878F30FE1B1850F084EE5248FBDF08" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios nigrescens" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="DFD6A69397DA399F0F71618DFC28F30A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1845: 183-218 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="8A310616D2C9ADB3EF6DE849E8C9CE59" baseAuthorityName="Aplin &amp; Donnellan" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios pilbarensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbarensis">
<emphasis id="9C7BFB9ED7B4764AD45FD2FFB2B42663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios pilbarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Aplin &amp; Donnellan, 1993): 185-210 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="D208CF705143A72EAC5A61925D121B8B" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios pinguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="A393B2F29E921A1B7A2438196A6C206B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios pinguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Waite, 1897): 144-151 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="D4BABC7571D1D235A91DC3F736BA0BFA" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios proximus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis id="B9AE48786D967ADD4B05CC68B0886DC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios proximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Waite, 1893): 160-173 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 7-12 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="F5E8FE3FD2153400F6FE63205868E59F" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="20CBB37FA93A2D9C9330CE7566F603B3" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios torresianus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresianus">
<emphasis id="E6BE756C4EEA4643C39E77DB3434CD3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios torresianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 196 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 10-16 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="D5653EEC6E51E0E635847B9BC239604F" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="40FF081F124DDBCDDA3FC173B216D2D1" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios waitii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waitii">
<emphasis id="69B7DDECCA532D38BCD299790CDB601E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios waitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1895): 214-310 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (Sarin Tiatragul, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG); 
<taxonomicName id="110FB466AF3E7F24AF1FC75C301153D4" authorityName="In Den Bosch &amp; Ineich" authorityYear="1994" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Cyclotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclotyphlops deharvengi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deharvengi">
<emphasis id="2748C6076180DF715A0F82E288771E9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cyclotyphlops deharvengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bosch &amp; Ineich, 1994: 154 trunk vertebrae plus ~12 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (posteriormost caudal vertebrae are fused) (counted from the radiograph of the 
<typeStatus id="3FF8FC1218A2D7332945827E2142149A">holotype</typeStatus>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="44FF16A73F63D62709ED003068DECAAB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564622" author="Bosch, HAJ in der" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="206 - 217" refId="B74" refString="Bosch, HAJ in der, Ineich, I, 1994. The Typhlopidae of Sulawesi (Indonesia): A review with description of a new genus and a new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Journal of Herpetology 28: 206 - 217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1564622" title="The Typhlopidae of Sulawesi (Indonesia): A review with description of a new genus and a new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564622" volume="28" year="1994">Bosch and Ineich 1994</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7); 
<taxonomicName id="8C895CAD73AB68ECC06DEDC7F2E2D156" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="334B1D49AAF63BF036F1DE3F10782211" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 170-180 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 10-11 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 2-3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="B3D074D2809110882B8E917D68E57012" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="7BDFDF9382A26951E4E35B533E67A10C" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="B14E4C5AB3AEA0D108546C0838B65A20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 154 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 7 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="BF0AE8348ECC085F083E8636F65781AA" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune 1881</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="AFD066604033A19F6F3B1BB300083A1E" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="C5433DB6C1EB601926908A02BA66113F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 179-196 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="04DD2F0186B2B083D3A237CA7DB7A1D7" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">
<normalizedToken id="C0A4A87B75D02BFB39E756C7E0679709" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974b
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="D0190B878E3D4095A9522A1BC3D72FC6" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="83742F306E78B62DF47EE2AAAD6BEAE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 178-206 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="A07E8C390E1994C29DF68B218F0CE80A" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="4F73BA217B509F70C3C0C0FD739C4A84" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="301E3424269A35A4D8B90E7344C7A36F" baseAuthorityName="A.H.A.Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia caeca" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeca">
<emphasis id="98933071F7EAC0DD9B578F5C3E097207" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia caeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="B34C3D47A5BB603427107216C21612B9" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
, 1856): 322-347 vertebrae in total in males and 336-371 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="056B9EA0DBD898B2566BB7315705E62A" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="0FF28D33BEA3E51E8E02D172FA57726D" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="7B383429308E32FFA688AAD7A39B7E9B" baseAuthorityName="A.H.A.Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia caeca" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeca">
<emphasis id="E85DB81C7964B5D7911C479A21150C15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia caeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 349 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="AD396016654E10EE4A6C7EEA134ED5CF" author="Trape, JF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of African Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="375 - 383" refId="B631" refString="Trape, JF, Roux-Esteve, R, 1990. Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espece nouvelle. Journal of African Zoology 104: 375 - 383" title="Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espece nouvelle." volume="104" year="1990">
Trape and 
<normalizedToken id="75EEBCD224574DE55601D2C6CED8A584" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="08FB35511068C51C3CBA591AE2CFBBF5" baseAuthorityName="A.H.A.Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia caeca" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeca">
<emphasis id="74D9065ABBC1DBE71982A7E1D891600F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia caeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 310-336 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="12D1792A396BB72F0ADDAE0B74ECCA63" author="Roux-Esteve, R" editor="Saeger, H de" journalOrPublisher="Fondacion pour favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique (Deuxieme Serie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="56 - 61" refId="B518" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1975. Superfamille Typhlopoidea. In: Saeger, H de, Roux-Esteve, R, Witte, G-F de, Eds., Exploration du Parc National des Virunga. Fondacion pour favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique (Deuxieme Serie) 24: 56 - 61" title="Superfamille Typhlopoidea." volume="24" volumeTitle="Exploration du Parc National des Virunga." year="1975">
<normalizedToken id="925C3E6DCD9E7BB7881DB426A758D719" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="18E3372F91D1EE908EC5FA533AE9F2FC" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia coecata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coecata">
<emphasis id="A76961F3912CAAB6ECEE14CE67E0E672" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia coecata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jan, 1863): 200-228 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="DD748B006A4FF9E73BCA428210E1896E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan (Ecologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="81 - 140" refId="B515" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1969. Les serpents de la region de Lamto (Coted'Ivoire). Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan (Ecologie) 2: 81 - 140" title="Les serpents de la region de Lamto (Coted'Ivoire)." volume="2" year="1969">
<normalizedToken id="712DB3B1992AD87D20A10ECCE95B2BE6" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="24303B5A6C763CEEF407618CAC0A623E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">1974a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EC4284F6363C477B2E484494D7DFAE25" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="B67493624CA9AF123EFCC6752F739D9F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia crossii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crossii">
<emphasis id="CAA34E4BE125C312B12986AF3548D662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia crossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1893): 307-317 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="B4542BDAA25417D8BFF36D69958CCF78" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="BA33C9879307311F88D294500DDCB864" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="90ECA82C42D125DB0135817F0F222256" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="F030394A96B00BE98DF588A5B061952B" baseAuthorityName="Joger" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia debilis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="debilis">
<emphasis id="A04F8C757E7ED8D97608DC240111DDA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia debilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Joger, 1990): 443 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="1673A53F9898E9EE7007836583356DDA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="ECF51F90E08BD96484D1152871201D29" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia decorosa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decorosa">
<emphasis id="A27166244BD05C737F3154F4F37E1F5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia decorosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Buchholz &amp; Peters in Peters, 1875): 285-320 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="02ABDDD0F281BA04DBF72B774CA3E0C5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="A9FEAF7E73F3C1A7271046B10C6A8624" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia feae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feae">
<emphasis id="336215D4B0DA836156079EEA4BECB0D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia feae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1906): 311 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="2A686C34519A0984D497E349467B1B86" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="D07231840BB37F5058EBA42F3F5E365C" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF17A844B2E615560C364D77AD5338B9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="C8BBE77846BA4F0B1860E33EE59C6BA2" baseAuthorityName="Sternfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia gracilis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="7816BDFE2AA585D45B55BFE8BB757686" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sternfeld, 1910): 377-426 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="2FEA42B75EA56BC7C17FE1B92FF14A50" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="E28D80EC75B1BFBF53D8BFBDA8E151DD" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F114122A173A9FE67286E2809B6939F8" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="523ADD89460C537AA2A9EBA31B92DD53" baseAuthorityName="Sternfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia graueri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graueri">
<emphasis id="D44C3F11BDA2B5C9C5797A78B1A34713" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia graueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sternfeld, 1913): 316-382 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="2146C362CBEA8A7DDBE9AE0E705A7DFF" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="4A51FB8FFFACF9BF9148C4EE7372B1C4" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B6B815F3C39AA10CC31CB26C8FAA62A0" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="0C763EF5299806C4BF79F9680113FD82" baseAuthorityName="De Witte" baseAuthorityYear="1953" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia kibarae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kibarae">
<emphasis id="103335BAB2F22D2F2F05463EFFF6E37F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia kibarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Witte, 1953): 345-370 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="84D1329E2DBB31CDD196182573996070" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="90AE1702CA8F6DADF60BC28DAD507449" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="70F06EB7A186D9D200EBDFEE7F2256A9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="7C625B6D0ED9520C4E4721D50CA47A81" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia leucosticta" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucosticta">
<emphasis id="00355AE6DCBEE214ABC9B89854B6C6D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia leucosticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1898): 236 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="868FC2A10BB78A88038435E42934FFA0" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="0AA1D0F26C2377AF6DDE2ACDFAD6B449" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="28CC632ED369576295C19FAACB8AEAB1" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E61A57B018E1DFC2292A63727CEFA3B9" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia lumbriciformis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbriciformis">
<emphasis id="5DD2E6280AF9347D4F5B148AC2797CAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia lumbriciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1874): 362-364 vertebrae in total in males and 374-382 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="74C1FB2EAC00491A33ABF5FED1D6BEDB" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="4AE0C997281114A0D516234FFEBFD032" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C8C2CAFDC5B76608CF4DB72B327F038" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia newtoni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtoni">
<emphasis id="225F50A801CD2F1B3D332B97F4AA8EAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bocage, 1890): 290-321 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="07641D0FC0B4C181B28CA1A2B073A657" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="934A7189EA661F3523CFB401DC5A97D3" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8291EFE364B3B8984615658002464247" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="D1E9B7B30A87A0C327A449795565168E" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia obtusa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obtusa">
<emphasis id="B431D107414EF74899647D9839B01B6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia obtusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1865): 251-271 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="E8965DF0BE199CA6B6C24DC3224EE8BF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3A4996C710390F80889A9C6499764637" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia pallida" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="97C7FFFC128354FF4C44131D6AD237D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cope, 1869: 235-303 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="830278CBE0295B4B26E32C40CA7C0B5C" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="0874807397E24BAA378CA07F13C53A74" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="255A34DB376BA118E240B657646E1B5C" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="0BCB59FB2ADF0BA392A885AFE0BF3CFD" baseAuthorityName="Stejneger" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia praeocularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praeocularis">
<emphasis id="34951AA89396E78451F13B413230209A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia praeocularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Stejneger, 1894): 333-358 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="266C9A112B13D23A7259821A381DF8FD" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="A8C4586FB9C7A0988B6FC9C53D5ECAF3" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8EE7AED5ACDC131A38B0058B3EE4031E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9A22715F35A5D483052D0093B5662EB1" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia rufescens" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B082C2DA658C581CA21BA7E8F2C97D87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Chabanaud, 1917): 442-448 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="8BA46B52EBD66AA228BEBC4ACD21B7E5" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="F000F008E3EBABB04A78106FD6DF73D1" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FF50ADFFF173A934C8609EF105F42D9B" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="20C8F25C7BBA512795ABE343CD88C264" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia somalica" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somalica">
<emphasis id="5B564DA0C5C5A7197B6E6F37A9870284" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia somalica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1895): 301-391 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="1B2D0F289B038A4917A61679FBC30D1B" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="9F495B21752EF9866A6FD1D069E9015F" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="69FA87FEC538779500927105EC34B3CA" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="8C9E7320418DABBDA06796FDC193C04E" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia stejnegeri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stejnegeri">
<emphasis id="47281601F2CDC1F46AFBFBDA250BB2F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia stejnegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Loveridge, 1931): 307-367 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="A72374AD3A352E5CA85D959F0DF0C477" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="58CD114C7BB867A7E9634490D0EF3C8A" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7DB09863ED2319179E93F6FE7996F0A0" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="81D8C9B269F085285B29E544285C6FBB" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia sudanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sudanensis">
<emphasis id="C27FA1566E082636C4440A27C45F0AA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia sudanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schmidt, 1923): 366 vertebrae in total in males and 379-408 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="7B148B2E2E304975912EB1FC8BE72E1F" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="9DC49E499784C09ADAF62BB244C7ACE6" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="C97EEF345C8C8585EDA08504941395FD" baseAuthorityName="Broadley &amp; Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia swahilica" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swahilica">
<emphasis id="3F47A21C07B8E8ED08B475D856752E98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia swahilica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Broadley &amp; Wallach, 2007: 235-260 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="A83572ACA0E90119AFEFB6AB6091E61D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="43D31ADF9D575FE62E0F3FB0D9868F17" authorityName="Broadley &amp; Wallach" authorityYear="2007" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia toritensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toritensis">
<emphasis id="7CE7B366E23A84C014FC12DA4B578D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia toritensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Broadley &amp; Wallach, 2007: 280-303 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="5D3768B91B4A1EE80DD0E0782281AAE2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="31 - 68" refId="B95" refString="Broadley, DG, Wallach, V, 2007. A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" title="A review of east and central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonym of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1515.1.2" volume="1515" year="2007">Broadley and Wallach 2007</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="65D8694013995744482F070EF5EC9C1A" baseAuthorityName="Barbour &amp; Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia uluguruensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uluguruensis">
<emphasis id="7E3ACBCF1F114236F07690294A7EDE98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia uluguruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Barbour &amp; Loveridge, 1928): 263-269 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="52314F410A6488BCD483979718EE0B56" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200004001343" author="Gower, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="79 - 82" refId="B216" refString="Gower, DJ, Loader, SP, Wilkinson, M, 2004. Assessing the conservation status of soil-dwelling vertebrates: Insights from the rediscovery of Typhlops uluguruensis (Reptilia: Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 2: 79 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200004001343" title="Assessing the conservation status of soil-dwelling vertebrates: Insights from the rediscovery of Typhlops uluguruensis (Reptilia: Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200004001343" volume="2" year="2004">Gower et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="D9BCFD1CB969CC283FC61C9086135806" baseAuthorityName="Barbour &amp; Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia uluguruensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uluguruensis">
<emphasis id="865F212B995310371DDE815DF91A7910" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia uluguruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 263 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="B572693BDDD38548DCF84CBEE2BCBD62" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="44777FB5AF29B19BADC7911C2A49BCFA" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7503AAE3509F6933393F66187DBD9C43" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="CA20F9BF81C2643077ABA782C9885B83" baseAuthorityName="Roux-Esteve" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia wittei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wittei">
<emphasis id="94F8678ABB47588A32EFBD7A379AC8E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia wittei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="AB64912C2BEC921DF4BA7B104CCAE7F1" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
, 1974): 368-374 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="271B166D13A93DA9AE118C7311798D0C" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="C5C38E5A3B77A56F0AFEDA284F5A8C33" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="71C0611362C18933070963FCDFA2FCD0" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="C69234901A4B9CFF6E35A8C5BE42DA8C" baseAuthorityName="Sternfield" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia zenkeri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zenkeri">
<emphasis id="2495C3BCA15069B4F7ACF64DED0DDC35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia zenkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sternfeld, 1908): 193-199 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="B8BE098C95E2CF097B7C16B78BEAC9F9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="9CF6E0C046D8770D1CFC3FCAA4123A83" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="174496827F689A9FDE68E2DD68262EED" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="FF44E9E588309CA7550984852D99E186" baseAuthorityName="Wallach &amp; Glaw" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops andasibensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andasibensis">
<emphasis id="96FC8D51F6675F0316745763F1F6D775" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops andasibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wallach &amp; Glaw, 2009): 180-186 trunk vertebrae plus 5 cloacal vertebrae plus 7-9 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="BFB13C076723F2DEE4D5A993DF0EFA84" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2294.1.2" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B666" refString="Wallach, V, Glaw, F, 2009. A new mid-altitude rainforest species of Typhlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) from Madagascar with notes on the taxonomic status of T. boettgeri Boulenger, T. microcephalus Werner, and T. capensis Rendahl. Zootaxa 2294: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2294.1.2" title="A new mid-altitude rainforest species of Typhlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) from Madagascar with notes on the taxonomic status of T. boettgeri Boulenger, T. microcephalus Werner, and T. capensis Rendahl." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2294.1.2" volume="2294" year="2009">Wallach and Glaw 2009</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="E12ECCA94322DE2C4AD494C6A2A40113" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops boettgeri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="B960F1BF3F4E04F453B25092063D89FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1893): 196 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 7 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="2DB9AA059E1A9468F132E8FF145B08C2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="A7650E6AAC0B39FAFC67DA8575F02BE4" baseAuthorityName="Roux-Esteve" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops domerguei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domerguei">
<emphasis id="2977EF29E9706F1378605159D20A0AA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops domerguei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="09B025366792B2707B9D471D45DCDDA7" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
, 1980): 170 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="51B1252AD9A6F51BD33B9C8BE377573C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.283872" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Fondacion pour favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique (Deuxieme Serie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B519" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1980. Une nouvelle espece de Typhlopidae (Serpentes) du Centre-Est de Madagascar, Typhlops domerguei. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Serie 4) 2: 321-323. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.283872" title="Une nouvelle espece de Typhlopidae (Serpentes) du Centre-Est de Madagascar, Typhlops domerguei. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Serie 4) 2: 321 - 323." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.283872" year="1980">
<normalizedToken id="36E2935C24EC5F72A288FD00C674E2C0" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="A191A42394B0EF3A5E0D4FAE92F44B5F" baseAuthorityName="Sternfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Madatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madatyphlops platyrhynchus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="2D7160DABDE3FC1C89D345D7C346A7D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Madatyphlops platyrhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sternfeld, 1910): 218-227 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="8EB28E4DE4A77B4E3634825C9A36E491" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="F7ABB78F2CCBBC9B054DFD8AFFA59EC9" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A05B645A7D0B1FCD78E5E92332413228" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="6D65928E2353E9D885C7655309049C86" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Squamata" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Malayotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malayotyphlops luzonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
<emphasis id="08DEE73F0311718DD95301A5961C0E30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Malayotyphlops luzonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Taylor, 1919): 208 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 10 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="AF0DFCDE6D97BF33688CFC60CFD6412D" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="26950888D9235467C97C092701C735B9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1880" class="Amphibia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramphotyphlops depressus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="C132D6CB33524A733D26A8CFFF824CE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Ramphotyphlops depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Peters, 1880:?175-181 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus?11-15 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="BCA943C2A97DD51EC582B67D8B326F01" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="AE0E45B93D45632DF7D94C770E9C3012" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Amphibia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramphotyphlops flaviventer" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventer">
<emphasis id="8847B613B69BE86F90F5BC3700DE837B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Ramphotyphlops flaviventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1864): 203 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 13 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="CAE4BA2C94342169CD5BE858B9718EA6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="355CC9023EB6045C086E4E24F9713310" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Amphibia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramphotyphlops lineatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="753445E7AA5709EA13887A4C0515C26F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Ramphotyphlops lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schlegel, 
<quantity id="35CD5FFA9E41D27BFD0FF5B7079ABF91" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="B1ABAE2A8656CE02C6BA5344BE7C4C44" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B543" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas. Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" title="Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
-1844): 251 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 8 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="421CBC3B8C4661F3796669F0ED122E11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="6B3ECFA385C4C75719E87FDFC593AD46" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops ataeniatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ataeniatus">
<emphasis id="82701ACAA360F8682E0A2C6FEA65762C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops ataeniatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1912): 297-307 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="B90B2BF34157ED4811EB0957E2E33F34" author="Gans, C" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 70" refId="B185" refString="Gans, C, Laurent, RF, 1965. Snakes. In: Gans, C, Laurent, RF, Pandit, H, Eds., Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique) 134: 47 - 70" title="Snakes." volume="134" volumeTitle="Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic." year="1965">Gans and Laurent 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F2405F7FF0E8EF69946F3E5E152F16F6" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="F2B844C9C8BA8BD6742FCEF5C18C02F3" baseAuthorityName="Fitzsimons" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops boylei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boylei">
<emphasis id="29288A1F5248DB94472A9E3B0B8E2D82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops boylei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FitzSimons, 1932): 211-212 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="3F6D7FF21A6D824E575CCF55F6C208BE" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="18E6BE150CB508E38AA07000DBEB89F3" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="690E983210798AC571991E1B125B62D0" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="D6DBB52096904E2185B0DE64DA3E78F8" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops lalandei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandei">
<emphasis id="6C61E833F0287D7C4DAD8861BBCD6737" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops lalandei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 195-211 vertebrae in total in males and 195-222 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="75CE1830A31CD70D504E331C09FACF7A" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="9E0AE48628DC6EB7980E846838058DBE" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9414C0BAB72634711F65893E979AD982" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops leucocephalus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
<emphasis id="D8F205D9E9B3FBDF41D5F1889DF23209" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops leucocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Parker, 1930): 193 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="BC499DD5A1B480E22E99CE4E674B1391" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="488384BC503CEA65B3DD9810D4258F20" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="75CA229FB5C5F8E7B6B44EAC265B9809" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops schinzi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schinzi">
<emphasis id="E088094681F2D5ABAB86AF9BA9BE0C67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops schinzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boettger, 1887): 219-237 vertebrae in total in males and 223-244 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="EB2CF3A7DECA48930D3456A959CF353E" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="DFAE92C1563D76270DF4B0B6A8BD920A" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="DFDAC4FBACD77AE9123D18BC7A6AF3D4" baseAuthorityName="Gans &amp; Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops scorteccii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scorteccii">
<emphasis id="A39D705AAB2D8D2FDE1E363A0CCDEEEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops scorteccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gans &amp; Laurent, 1965):?226-255 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="4C2078EEAC5C11F126525C19EBF363A8" author="Gans, C" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 70" refId="B185" refString="Gans, C, Laurent, RF, 1965. Snakes. In: Gans, C, Laurent, RF, Pandit, H, Eds., Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique) 134: 47 - 70" title="Snakes." volume="134" volumeTitle="Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic." year="1965">Gans and Laurent 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3DDCF0EF4919EDFE6E68C2DFBFD9DF92" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="ED80E27AB08C9FBC9F6D2D19FDC703B8" baseAuthorityName="Gans &amp; Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops scorteccii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scorteccii">
<emphasis id="37B34AACF84931194D1F00A1C85715C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops scorteccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 235-237 vertebrae in total in males and 241-255 vertebrae in total in females (
<bibRefCitation id="E5C33131137C34B59B7AFFAEB91C4EE1" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="6F1D55800B5EFE7BB4059026B8215016" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="7B9C6E39E5EFB65339CEB6ABBDAB06A8" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unitaeniatus">
<emphasis id="2AC9E3032E8E732F28A58D5C6A787E3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Peters, 1878): 315-334 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="778ACC1356FF52DBCC1602D41C1D12DE" author="Gans, C" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="47 - 70" refId="B185" refString="Gans, C, Laurent, RF, 1965. Snakes. In: Gans, C, Laurent, RF, Pandit, H, Eds., Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Science Zoologique) 134: 47 - 70" title="Snakes." volume="134" volumeTitle="Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic." year="1965">Gans and Laurent 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E2258F6BBE379709F7F8BFD7468ED81C" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="22A51D97CE855A9D5A42FA57676E10EE" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unitaeniatus">
<emphasis id="B907D8958ADA82E766F42F72ABDC5F25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 299-332 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="3F2093D9C0FF365EC00218E23FF232F9" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="17DD9844C7CDA183D0563C81A37FE043" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DBFA4303C874C423A756C74BCB0A2482" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="40255646F2540BDB7ACECD1C6E33B7FE" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Sundatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sundatyphlops polygrammicus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygrammicus">
<emphasis id="FAB34CAE6B5A750A35D6FB217CE2BD0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Sundatyphlops polygrammicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schlegel, 
<quantity id="8D5F903D5D34EE6B8972DAFD9567A0AB" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67106" unit="in" value="1839.0">1839 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="0F7CC710D67BC2640E736E681856E543" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" author="Schlegel, H" journalOrPublisher="Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B543" refString="Schlegel, H, 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas. Arnz Arnz &amp; Comp., Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" title="Essai sur la physionomie des serpents. I. Partie generale. II. Partie descriptive. Atlas." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273" year="1837">Schlegel 1837</bibRefCitation>
-1844): 190-216 trunk vertebrae plus 3-5 cloacal vertebrae plus 14-18 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 3-4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="01A0B492924C2909F6438503FAE45E42" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="09D66B78C69D96DCC42C43CF1D788F69" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops jamaicensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
<emphasis id="E58020BF4CA976B3D0B798E626A890A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops jamaicensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Shaw, 1802): 200 trunk vertebrae plus 15 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="D82628BF99EA22FCA3A4C44A3A11CD44" author="Polly, PD" editor="Zelditch, ML" journalOrPublisher="Wiley-Liss, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="305 - 335" refId="B465" refString="Polly, PD, Head, JJ, Cohn, MJ, 2001. Testing modularity and dissociation: The evolution of regional proportions in snakes. In: Zelditch, ML, Ed., Beyond Heterochrony: The Evolution of Development. Wiley-Liss, New York: 305 - 335" title="Testing modularity and dissociation: The evolution of regional proportions in snakes." volumeTitle="Beyond Heterochrony: The Evolution of Development." year="2001">Polly et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9659262E2B73B77977C509501EA914FA" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops jamaicensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
<emphasis id="642CDB07F699A168F8F4E80063FFB847" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops jamaicensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 200-205 vertebrae in total, of which at least 10 are caudal ones (
<bibRefCitation id="CEB4A126FCB4781FC3C05F4B5D246C89" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" author="Evans, HE" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="381 - 396" refId="B167" refString="Evans, HE, 1955. The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw). Anatomical Record 122: 381 - 396, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" title="The osteology of a worm snake, Typhlops jamaicensis (Shaw)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091220309" volume="122" year="1955">Evans 1955</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="DA17DEC2D132AC0D2A5FC549E0B26FCB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops lumbricalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricalis">
<emphasis id="A235883B7F3D8342A9F38B1BDEC7AF92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops lumbricalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 166 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 10 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 2 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="6F26FD0A7C2C0610A1143BCBAF4B1C7F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="07C3A099B35309D8843F3C4B367BFD49" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops lumbricalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricalis">
<emphasis id="88C0B30A668676FDAB8B8A66D93FFB8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops lumbricalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 176 trunk vertebrae plus 10 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="42D875FFE9C8ADCA2F2AF40E5842E110" author="Janensch, W" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 33" refId="B308" refString="Janensch, W, 1906. Ueber Archaeophis proavus Mass., eine Schlange aus dem Eocaen des Monte Bolca. Beitraege zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients 19: 1 - 33" title="Ueber Archaeophis proavus Mass., eine Schlange aus dem Eocaen des Monte Bolca." volume="19" year="1906">Janensch 1906</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3554EF95D2CCBDC0E26BE1E874E8636F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops lumbricalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricalis">
<emphasis id="2566561AB4D1582F3352B42DF748C60D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops lumbricalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 175 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 10 caudal vertebrae (
<bibRefCitation id="391F23F2AE89A781EE5C500FFA27A2A6" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune 1881</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4180FBE7D5F983CD354CCCEECCA71421" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops platycephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platycephalus">
<emphasis id="F5402CC42B1FBE32C5566A0D4E95066B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops platycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="20CE91357C07848A15D57B7DDEDD19FD" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
&amp; Bibron, 1844: 217 trunk vertebrae plus 5 cloacal vertebrae plus 11 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="1970894CA35B4D0A6C5ED1929A4058D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3D565F63E8D9CF2587D1722DC3CB507A" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops pusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="2B3F6C710E2AFD7FC0DA18B8449C3FB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Barbour, 1914: 155 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 12 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="BBA75C8CCD7EC0BB023C44130B1C3931" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="B8EAA42FE96FD70C3C34492C8616FD24" authorityName="A.M.C.Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1844" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops richardii" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardii">
<emphasis id="BA80AD5577FF68A0EBFFB0850CE676A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops richardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="A9533F69E4D31AFE6770694D5D15B1CB" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
&amp; Bibron, 1844: 201 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus 13 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="5843AAF41B9BC6E93B9F4BC2EBC43976" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="3973CAEE455FFD8626C3989E701FDCF8" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1904" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlops rostellatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostellatus">
<emphasis id="2CA8373C8CE2021C44748744DFC3FCCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Typhlops rostellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stejneger, 1904: 179 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 10 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 2 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="2187FE1C5147006DE694210A34F34F5E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4E34A4ACCF0F2C809250EA83EEE17379" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops socotranus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotranus">
<emphasis id="D38AFD99E995711C169346094E801408" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops socotranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1889): 226 vertebrae in total (
<bibRefCitation id="7DCC648FE81574E2261400683A7D5E18" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="C0EF113B113A1274DBBC060FF220AA79" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="B48F54332247929BDF90E7FF6FA637DC" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="428 - 508" refId="B516" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974b. Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (Serie A) 36: 428 - 508" title="Recherches sur la morphologie, la biogeographie et la phylogenie des Typhlopidae d'Afrique." volume="36" year="1974 b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="02CC0168E0B553A547B9C278416419EC" baseAuthorityName="Merrem" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Xerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerotyphlops vermicularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermicularis">
<emphasis id="311D1B3F39EB16BCE52812348A40E4E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xerotyphlops vermicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 189 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 12 caudal vertebrae (posteriormost 4 caudal vertebrae are fused) (
<bibRefCitation id="A3B4CBF932D97158CA915958FAE51046" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" author="List, JC" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Biological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 112" refId="B352" refString="List, JC, 1966. Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. Illinois Biological Monographs 36: 1 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" title="Comparative osteology of the snake families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50341" volume="36" year="1966">List 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0370E8DE8C81D210B940D0B696A605" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
In general, there is plenty of information on the vertebral counts for many typhlopid genera and species. The largest amount of these data was provided in the monumental work of 
<bibRefCitation id="B194861B00B0DB48626A33B07B5A7549" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="AD8339F8E2513780797D4EDF7707998A" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
(1974a)
</bibRefCitation>
, which, however, revealed information only about the total vertebral counts and not for particular regions of the column. One of the most striking features observed in typhlopids (like in many other scolecophidians) is the great intraspecific variation in the count of vertebrae of several taxa, particularly the trunk vertebrae. Such huge intraspecific vertebral number variation is observed in many genera and is more prominent in some species of 
<taxonomicName id="46D620229636E1A6F2E56A74A0401482" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2027AC35FD68861AA2D70E75BDBA9089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where sometimes this difference exceeds the 100 vertebrae in the same species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="9AC6164EE0EEDF09313D5ED0D666B1D5" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="D9563C108DED8F7E6C8F39F7F0546A42" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
). The average vertebral number of males is lower than that of females (
<bibRefCitation id="3364E502BD8C23652632E0A6AE08AD14" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="390DD36A76A79393FE40B77394E4BEAB" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, that number is also correlated to elevation of the 
<normalizedToken id="F943997FDCB8F17C4F2BAAAF986ECA47" originalValue="animal’s">animal's</normalizedToken>
habitat, with the number decreasing towards the sea-level (
<bibRefCitation id="2997E2BBC5A0370387910B7508D40382" author="Roux-Esteve, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 313" refId="B517" refString="Roux-Esteve, R, 1974a. Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie (Serie A, Zoologie) 87: 1 - 313" title="Revision systematique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique - Reptilia - Serpentes." volume="87" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken id="EA67735004947708AC06AA4B0A198666" originalValue="Roux-Estève">Roux-Esteve</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="433A15A0D4B9C6DA4507E3CEF0F2D5F3" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="34 - 61" refId="B663" refString="Wallach, V, 2009. Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin): A synopsis of morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Hamadryad 34: 34 - 61" title="Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin): A synopsis of morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." volume="34" year="2009">Wallach (2009)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the number of vertebrae for the widespread (and in many areas invasive; see 
<bibRefCitation id="43148009B37468DF38941190DE5BAA19" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="34 - 61" refId="B663" refString="Wallach, V, 2009. Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin): A synopsis of morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Hamadryad 34: 34 - 61" title="Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin): A synopsis of morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." volume="34" year="2009">Wallach 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1DE1F434D3E780D9C618C3A6AAB147C4" author="Ineich, I" journalOrPublisher="Micronesica" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B295" refString="Ineich, I, Wynn, A, Giraud, C, Wallach, V, 2017. Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803): Distribution and oldest record of collection dates in Oceania, with report of a newly established population in French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago). Micronesica 1: 1 - 13" title="Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803): Distribution and oldest record of collection dates in Oceania, with report of a newly established population in French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago)." volume="1" year="2017">Ineich et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
) species 
<taxonomicName id="F3170F1346ACC98EEA81DC69246E7F90" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indotyphlops braminus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
<emphasis id="EF0E219F65D68A9F002631A2BF3A50F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was geographically variable - we also observed a large variation in our studied sample and literature data for the same species. Notably, some species of 
<taxonomicName id="1677383D50930F5A84DAC5956632FFAB" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="501CEC7D7E8FAB57B6C56EB94D99E933" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess among the highest numbers of total vertebrae among all snakes, surpassing the 400, reaching even 
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one species; in addition, in many species of that genus the total number of vertebrae is above 300, while the minimum recorded for the genus is 
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one species. The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4A3ABCE28F5ADA7FF98797188625A94C" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Rhinotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinotyphlops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D53D53DBE40417431B1C6EAE97F1EBE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Rhinotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also achieves high vertebral counts, reaching up to 
<quantity id="D2454FB95B4AB6670E687317E629BDE3" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4836" unit="in" value="334.0">334 in</quantity>
one species. The same applies to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="AF2424A2FC63C7062171FCBE53527A9C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Anilios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilios" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CD3F37DDDD5D06C38A9E41651CD44961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1845, two species of which have more than 300 trunk vertebrae although other species of this genus possess as few as less than 150 trunk vertebrae. More or less, the same is the case with the genus 
<taxonomicName id="3891DFD1F1F634D69BCFC219C259663F" authorityName="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin &amp; Vidal" authorityYear="2014" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amerotyphlops" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9A3133C5159CE3896463E6EA773514F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Amerotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="2A2874BF1E9D49CEF32EBBFC3C943F19" DOI="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B257" refString="Hedges, SB, Marion, AB, Lipp, KM, Marin, J, Vidal, N, 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" title="A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)." url="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" volume="49" year="2014">Hedges et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
, where one species has more than 300 vertebrae in total, while in other two studied congeners, this numbers is only around 150. High numbers (more than 260) of total counts of vertebrae are also observed in the genera 
<taxonomicName id="0E462F4820D8A5136D77E07F2A71684F" authorityName="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin &amp; Vidal" authorityYear="2014" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Cubatyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cubatyphlops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="21CB2963326DC3DE6C5F5878B2C514FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cubatyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="7CED46A315015A6A7CDCA37C195707A3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B257" refString="Hedges, SB, Marion, AB, Lipp, KM, Marin, J, Vidal, N, 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" title="A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)." url="https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49" volume="49" year="2014">Hedges et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="65086848715FECE44069F8543161B2E5" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Grypotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grypotyphlops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CB42F168151734ED2FB7C595187C20DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Grypotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Peters, 1881. In contrast, the lowest numbers of total vertebral counts in typhlopids (and all snakes in general) are observed in 
<taxonomicName id="F1D0662BFA921B1B05C215A287AAB90A" authorityName="Broadley &amp; Wallach" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Afrotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotyphlops" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5B3D61ECD001CB06C610277DD1F87496" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Afrotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Broadley &amp; Wallach, 2009, where in one species this reaches the minimum of 115, though in other congeners this number can still go as high as 332. The number of caudal vertebrae in typhlopids is generally lower than that of leptotyphlopids, with most species (for which such rare available data do exist) possessing only around ~10 caudal vertebrae (with 5 being the lowest recorded number and 22 the highest one). Unfortunately, caudal vertebral counts have not been ever recorded for 
<taxonomicName id="7E528488DE193CADFCF5F0694F01606D" class="Squamata" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Letheobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Letheobia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="36BE1A9C3A6D98BD65339A8C6954CAE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Letheobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the typhlopid with (by far) the highest total number of vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>