135 lines
14 KiB
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135 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7891d853-5852-4b14-bd25-c90983868dfb" ID-PMC="PMC3264413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-148-105" ID-PubMed="22287892" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-148-105" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 148" ModsDocTitle="The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera)" checkinTime="1451249618149" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Engel, Michael S., Grimaldi, David A., Nascimbene, Paul C. & Singh, Hukam" docDate="2011" docId="2070E5FB79681BA38A9E02CC8F0D7630" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 148: 105-123" docOrigin="ZooKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1797" docTitle="Parastylotermes Snyder & Emerson" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="911AFFECC614FF8DFFB81010FF96FF80" masterDocTitle="The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1668152706034" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nascimbene, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Singh, Hukam</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>105</mods:start>
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<mods:end>123</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1797</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-148-105</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2070E5FB79681BA38A9E02CC8F0D7630" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2070E5FB79681BA38A9E02CC8F0D7630" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Parastylotermes" authority="Snyder & Emerson" class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes Snyder & Emerson</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes</taxonomicName>
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Snyder & Emerson in
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, TE" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 490" title="Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world." volume="112" year="1949">Snyder 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 378. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes washingtonensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtonensis">Stylotermes washingtonensis</taxonomicName>
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Snyder, 1931, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes</taxonomicName>
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was erected by Snyder and Emerson (in
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, TE" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 490" title="Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world." volume="112" year="1949">Snyder 1949</bibRefCitation>
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) to accommodate two Tertiary species of Laurasian termites allied to the Recent genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylotermes</taxonomicName>
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Holmgren and Holmgren, from India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and southern China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Emerson, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="243 - 304" title="Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)." volume="146" year="1971">Emerson 1971</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Krishna et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
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). Two further species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes</taxonomicName>
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were subsequently added by
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, TE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="79 - 80" title="A new fossil termite (Parastylotermes frazieri) from California (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)." volume="57" year="1955">Snyder (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Pierce, WD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="13 - 24" title="Fossil arthropods of California. No. 21. Termites from Calico Mountains nodules." volume="57" year="1958">Pierce (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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from Miocene deposits in southern California. Like
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylotermes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes</taxonomicName>
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has trimerous tarsi (a rare condition among the
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Isoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Isoptera</taxonomicName>
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) and similar wing pilosity (membrane largely without setae except on scale, where they are numerous and relatively long), in addition to other stylotermitid features (
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<bibRefCitation author="Emerson, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="243 - 304" title="Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)." volume="146" year="1971">Emerson 1971</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parastylotermes</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylotermes</taxonomicName>
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in the 2-2-2 tibial spur formula (vs. 3-2-2 in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylotermes</taxonomicName>
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), M closer to CuA, and more numerously-branched CuA. The hitherto known species were
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes robustus" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Parastylotermes robustus</taxonomicName>
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(Rosen) in mid-Eocene Baltic amber (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Rosen 1913</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Weidner, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="55 - 74" title="Die Bernstein-Termiten der Sammlung des Geologischen Staatsinstituts Hamburg." volume="24" year="1955">Weidner 1955</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Emerson, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="243 - 304" title="Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)." volume="146" year="1971">Emerson 1971</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Engel, MS" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie)" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 20" title="A synopsis of Baltic amber termites (Isoptera)." volume="372" year="2007 a">Engel et al. 2007a</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes washingtonensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtonensis">Parastylotermes washingtonensis</taxonomicName>
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(Snyder) from the Miocene Latah Formation of Washington (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Snyder 1931</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes frazieri" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frazieri">Parastylotermes frazieri</taxonomicName>
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Snyder from the Miocene of Frazier Mountain, California (
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<bibRefCitation author="Snyder, TE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="79 - 80" title="A new fossil termite (Parastylotermes frazieri) from California (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)." volume="57" year="1955">Snyder 1955</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Emerson, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="243 - 304" title="Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)." volume="146" year="1971">Emerson 1971</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Parastylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastylotermes calico" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calico">Parastylotermes calico</taxonomicName>
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Pierce from the Miocene nodules of the Calico Mountains, California (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pierce, WD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="119" pagination="13 - 24" title="Fossil arthropods of California. No. 21. Termites from Calico Mountains nodules." volume="57" year="1958">Pierce 1958</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Emerson, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="118" pagination="243 - 304" title="Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)." volume="146" year="1971">Emerson 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). Remarkably, a fifth species now has been identified in the Early Eocene Cambay amber, significantly expanding the known distribution of the genus and well into the area today occupied by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Stylotermitidae" genus="Stylotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stylotermes</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |