322 lines
38 KiB
XML
322 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21656" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.50243" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74661c04-2e97-44f5-af3a-defc06574636" ID-PMC="PMC7311480" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-941-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9EE0609334E554CA8D3FC5B7C59872A3" ID-PubMed="32595413" ID-ZooBank="57CFFFDD54934AD19C3CD727231AF29E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-941-145" checkinTime="1592452071475" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shepherd, Bart, Phelps, Tyler A. Y., Pinheiro, Hudson T., Rocha, Claudia R. & Rocha, Luiz A." docDate="2020" docId="201F672BE6815F9394AC0AC9F8959557" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 941: 145-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 941" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.50243" docTitle="Plectranthias polygonius Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="12603BD5-EA0F-4826-AA9C-A380A594F316" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="9EE0609334E554CA8D3FC5B7C59872A3" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="9EE0609334E554CA8D3FC5B7C59872A3" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Plectranthias (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems in the tropical Central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1732846350730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="64C5090A72F3B5633DC317B13DF8B833">
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<mods:title id="00A1BB5F758952D0D38358A9B5FE8A39">Two new species of Plectranthias (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems in the tropical Central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="751F33BC42BA4E6E333ACEB4DD1507CD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="235A4C9BAD3BE59F96C31CABCC2986C2">Shepherd, Bart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E613EA5067916257FC77D82570EBBC0">Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A58AE0BEC2F6E2507B17827084E4446D" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-1551</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F7E50A99E1ED0A823B801BF6B1D0997" type="email">bshepherd@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5240D406C43AA3B60E4ACF120D896056">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6A6577D610E5791B1A46A039241CFC4C">Phelps, Tyler A. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84C36EE444235130F45D7D95A0358E4B">Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA & Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6A438656D16BA0741B076E6804D4AEB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7589E261C55B634EBA705BD422F9AC1B">Pinheiro, Hudson T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5D5E9C6EB8560BFBBA2D6A0B7DB436F">Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="605C2C3FA71C4DC4DA2A1ECF1F8B41FC" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-1474</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7D00D1366A69320A20503660FB9C73CD">Rocha, Claudia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAEDB8EA6F59A8213100948FF7DF7BCB">Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F334DF464DAC10387A008BDB9D5674A">Rocha, Luiz A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68EB56243534D77FCD734C9FE2CF6402">Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C8BEF6F1AA8CC8EA4581624B84F399B" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4011-569X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="609655A1B3315CC8E4D586AB6FF91963">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3A620A177C35B1A329E0D7AE00301FC6">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="30F1193AAE98E8E23C2AF5D54BDFDC35">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5E2413DDE89E802FA80DE15B2A0409C3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="981A7300AC467D4C47A1B4DA654ACE5E">941</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FBB94D5A35E1518575231D1862787CA5">145</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="356EB4EA131C6C9A38D750888062DE00">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.50243</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2C7C0BB4DAB6239F9DAD913606020032">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8366B7DC30F8543A62C22C2D802C95EB" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.50243</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D695AEA84E6ADF54B326ADF7DF13EDE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-941-145</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A27D3F9710733B127E70A6D7E643813" type="ZooBank">57CFFFDD54934AD19C3CD727231AF29E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="201F672BE6815F9394AC0AC9F8959557" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164613267" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:12603BD5-EA0F-4826-AA9C-A380A594F316" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/201F672BE6815F9394AC0AC9F8959557" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" scope_family="Serranidae">
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<subSubSection id="B7CBC35918456E45EE284B95AC88D0F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="871ABB0E06E81861C86615D1AB4B5B2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="67B07139F68659B028E3744F77A4E492" LSID="201F672B-E681-5F93-94AC-0AC9F8959557" authority="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha, 2020" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius" status="sp. nov.">Plectranthias polygonius</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C6B0058181528328ACE80EC4714CAAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="3CD462A9CFA1272ABEBE277098E642FD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. holotype A shortly after death B preserved C radiograph, and paratype D shortly after death E preserved F radiograph. Photographs by LA Rocha (A), A Gaisiner (B, E), J Fong (C, F), and T Sinclair-Taylor (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421774" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D63520DDE80075C0A29AB04CDDB5F4F7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. at Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, at a depth of 120 m (A), aquarium photos of P. inermis (B), and P. altipinnatus (C). Photographs by LA Rocha (A) and YK Tea (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421775" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">, 2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7541617181F422D3C7B3A9441F179844" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov., and Plectranthias hinano sp. nov. expressed as a percentage of the standard length." pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Table 1 Polygon Perchlet</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75A242DBA1FE9016D501E36CB6FAAF4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="E15935F3A52F2B1203936CE06A76579C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31A3F8E6A967A868BBFED71E8780C4A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Tahiti, French Polynesia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DFF35B37AEA552A1D069753D729339D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="D2083D905D6CF21E01BD575AB8DE83C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1CB20063B501ADFB11F716DC8FA894CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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CAS 247193, field code: HTP906, GenBank MN922331. 29.5 mm SL, Tahiti, French Polynesia,
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<geoCoordinate id="51D96E0021CD70B7E689D76DF5742DB9" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-17.490833">17°29'27"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="90E15F5536FFD8D0384E80BEDDC02A6E" degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-149.46693">149°28'01"W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth of collection 105 m, collected with hand nets by B Shepherd, HT Pinheiro, TAY Phelps, MV Bell, and LA Rocha, 03 March 2019.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B75B75799C090F2CA08089E12E843CBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">
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<paragraph id="4C4A78935712F5C97658E838BB0FE47E" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E80EB7F184F155E06095DCABE3C219D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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USNM 445722, field code: HTP942, GenBank MN922330. 32.3 mm SL, Maloelap Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands,
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<geoCoordinate id="0633781F3935D4632A86F05E48DC8F32" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="8.628333">8°37'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5D628AC3BCF2E367A49A8F3708A04F11" degrees="170" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="170.99945">170°59'58"E</geoCoordinate>
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, depth of collection 120 m, collected with hand nets by HT Pinheiro, TAY Phelps, MV Bell, and LA Rocha, 13 August 2019.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33BD6EA91BA84F1CE2DE00F910EDFEF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="60C232A827E6225343A5529C00447CE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3E10B030C7938BAD65EAC78633C1C9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="6656A01C5EF861ADD230ADAAB8E218AD" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
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<emphasis id="E5D6765D516CB87CA4223E228EB9A625" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. can be distinguished from all of its congeners by live coloration, in particular the two rows of orange rhomboid-shaped polygons on the lateral part of the body and an elongated yellow and white third dorsal spine (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2E599084EF2C7E008D3279D66F2495B2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. holotype A shortly after death B preserved C radiograph, and paratype D shortly after death E preserved F radiograph. Photographs by LA Rocha (A), A Gaisiner (B, E), J Fong (C, F), and T Sinclair-Taylor (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421774" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">1A, D</figureCitation>
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), and by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays X, 16; pectoral-fin rays 14, all unbranched; vertebrae 10+16; continuous lateral line with 27-30 tubed scales; circumpeduncular scales 10 or 11; absence of antrorse spines on the preopercle.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="12D00853B55E0696F5A4689B7F80C5E3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421774" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="D057F8189ED895CF4E09DBB5B1E02916" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="9F65A4FCA504FD728871CF9876722555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="78F5581789A9773807850FD8697F92A0" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
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<emphasis id="7395F31016B6DAF83D45A142615F1B36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype
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<emphasis id="9DF7A1D6ABE02570885097DC4212C458" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
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shortly after death
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<emphasis id="D06C3C06C66BFC7B4AF6A1318A373828" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
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preserved
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<emphasis id="AE6D79DDAB27EACEEA150CFB769D4685" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
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radiograph, and paratype
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<emphasis id="F9F267E033013C16860F8A537E50D208" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
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shortly after death
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<emphasis id="00C26D7A643B4402FCC6A1E9CA117ABB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
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preserved
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<emphasis id="E00C2A8C0CD42613E68BAB9E3B10BB2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
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radiograph. Photographs by LA Rocha (
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<emphasis id="07F5DCD15225779FE7C5EE6F4A5A3D4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
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), A Gaisiner (
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<emphasis id="9771A0918FFD1050EA34B44826F46E8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B, E</emphasis>
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), J Fong (
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<emphasis id="27DF0E6F12E9D5A98400EDA47DDB16EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C, F</emphasis>
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), and T Sinclair-Taylor (
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<emphasis id="47446E46526B8E7BADFEDB20C462BAFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2F1DF5645150D340EDCC1559B2B1DCB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3D2C4C9DB36F00C043BB35C4D952C434" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="52A4E8FBE979AA937FAA555CE20C5462" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
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Proportional measurements for the type specimens are presented in Table
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<tableCitation id="85AA980E8CA26B3C1B3D903F198E94E5" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov., and Plectranthias hinano sp. nov. expressed as a percentage of the standard length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43B032595C96D3F5A4A0AFC0A8CDAAA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="43B032595C96D3F5A4A0AFC0A8CDAAA0">1</tableCitation>
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. Dorsal rays X, 16, the last soft ray branched to base and counted as one; first dorsal spine short, 18.0 in SL (15.8); third dorsal spine longest, 1.7 in HL (1.6) with flag-like extension; dorsal-fin base length 2.1 in SL (1.9); anal-fin rays III, 7, last soft ray branched to base and counted as one; anal-fin base length 6.3 in SL (6.5); second anal spine longest and stoutest at 1.6 in HL; anal-fin origin at vertical beneath fourth dorsal-fin ray; pectoral-fin rays 14, all unbranched, length 3.8 in SL (3.4); pelvic fin I, 5; pelvic-fin length 4.6 in SL (4.2); pelvic-spine length 2.0 in HL; procurrent caudal-fin rays 7+6 (6+5); principal caudal-fin rays 9+8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="800EFF18A54F18145B14BFAE54920669" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Body moderately elongate, laterally compressed; depth of body 3.4 in SL (3.2); width of body 2.7 in depth (2.3); head length 3.2 in SL (3.1); snout length 3.4 in HL (3.6); bony interorbital width 1.6 in snout length (1.3); orbit diameter 2.8 in HL; post-orbital head length 4.8 in SL (4.7); least depth of caudal-peduncle 2.5 in HL; caudal peduncle length 3.6 in HL (4.0).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DA0B2A421194F3143FAA60720858ABA" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Scales ctenoid; lateral line complete and broadly arched over pectoral fin following body contour; 30 (27) tubed scales; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 2; scales above lateral line to base of middle dorsal spine 2; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 9 (10); diagonal rows of scales on cheek 5; scales on top of head extending anteriorly to vertical from anterior margin of pupil; no scales on chin, maxilla, or snout; circumpeduncular scales 10 (11); gill rakers 5+13 (6+13); vertebrae 10+16; supraneurals 3; anterior supraneural-dorsal ray-pterygiophore-neural spine interdigitation pattern: 0/0+0/2/1+1/1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B9DFA392DC20DF2E429DA9474E1A655" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Mouth large and terminal, slightly upturned; lower jaw protrudes slightly; maxilla expanded posteriorly, extending to below the posterior edge of eye; dorsal profile of head almost straight; upper jaw with one fixed, stout canine on either side of symphysis; upper canines flanked internally by villiform band with four or five rows of depressible, smaller, sharp-tipped teeth; inner rows become progressively longer, innermost row with largest teeth; lower jaw has pair of fixed, short stout canines on either side of symphysis followed by smaller, depressible, sharp-tipped conical teeth in a villiform band of 3-5 rows; lower teeth become progressively longer on inner rows; vomer roughly V-shaped band of two rows of similarly sized, sharp-tipped, conical teeth; palatines with one row of small, sharp-tipped conical teeth; tongue small, slender, pointed, and without teeth.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="12084A3887F27F028C12DD67C7B62575" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Opercle with three spines, the middle spine the longest; preopercle with 14 (17) small spines (serrae) along posterior margin; antrorse spines lacking on ventral margin; interopercle with no spines; subopercle smooth, with no spines; anterior nostrils positioned halfway between snout and eye, each with a small rounded flap rising from anterior rim; posterior nostrils an elliptical opening at anterior border of orbit.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7EEDFC200DDE76D2D559DD8C7D21BABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="color in life">
|
|
<paragraph id="A2E4D3C20F2F25F4C1DAE64626A70203" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Color in life.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CD5A6E19E4B860D2D0055A2BECA96DCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<emphasis id="BE61CCDA53EF7CAB9CCFDD51C9790A9A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Body</emphasis>
|
|
: overall white with two rows of bright orange rhomboid-shaped polygons, four to six in each row, arranged in an irregular grid along lateral midline of body; uppermost row of orange polygons proceeds from behind eye to dorsal third of caudal peduncle; lower row starts just dorsal to origin of pectoral fin and continues to ventral half of caudal peduncle; throat and belly white.
|
|
<emphasis id="292D94540CF0E3781301D491EB0924D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: dorsal third of head orange and bottom two thirds pinkish white with two yellow stripes, both originating from the tip of the upper lip. The first extending horizontally across orbit, bifurcating past posterior edge of pupil to approximately edge of opercle. The second from tip of upper lip, tracing obliquely along maxilla and extending to ventral edge of preopercle. Preopercle region with a yellow triangular patch, from lower mid-orbit expanding in width to edge of preopercle with bifurcations to horizontal edge of operculum and pelvic fin bases respectively; orbit mostly orange-red; iris outlined in silver-grey to black with horizontal yellow stripe through middle of anterior portion; posterior portion of iris with two yellow stripes arising from a bifurcation of the anterior yellow stripe; pupil black.
|
|
<emphasis id="E901EB09C46A5B5C1FF5E25EBFACE6DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Fins</emphasis>
|
|
: first three membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin mostly orange with yellow highlights; third spine with yellow and white membrane; remaining membranes of spinous portion mostly yellow, with hyaline tips; yellow coloration continues on lower third of soft portion of dorsal fin, with upper two-thirds mostly hyaline; some yellow and pale orange on tips of soft dorsal and membranes of last four to five rays; caudal fin hyaline with white and orange rays; anal fin mostly yellow, with white margin; pelvic fins mostly white distally, with yellow rays proximally; pectoral fins hyaline. Living specimen photographed in the Marshall Islands exhibits more yellow coloration on head, within rhomboid-shaped polygons on lateral midline, and on first three membranes of spinous dorsal fin (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="465D6DBAFE4196DB41F717B61D741C8C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. at Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, at a depth of 120 m (A), aquarium photos of P. inermis (B), and P. altipinnatus (C). Photographs by LA Rocha (A) and YK Tea (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421775" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="FA81991F87861B8F32E3FEFD0F152597" doi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421775" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph id="3D1A3AC02E489E598230CC72D69E70CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<emphasis id="C860ED99E1BA50D918AF1A18C53CA515" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="715C59ABEE1A97AA810534CAC62346AC" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="FE8A2915EC4A2D7CA15A841E1E5975C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. at Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, at a depth of 120 m (
|
|
<emphasis id="4588230F2B0AD18A3BFF99B5A4149612" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
|
), aquarium photos of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B757A9379964268F3AD12A3E15AD83E4" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="DF72328383C10A7112157A14F53FD9A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="E0C8C087319CEA3A1CD81AE94AD69BC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="99AE633BA40EE7F2BAE12244F942A828" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0BCC988C74F5BCAA30CFC772FBA359E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B072FDEEFBF86C0AACE4192116D00E86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
|
|
). Photographs by LA Rocha (
|
|
<emphasis id="9B9293964735F6A6527DC1EECC812563" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
|
) and YK Tea (
|
|
<emphasis id="3244570CD7FC627F06A4ECC714241366" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="675FED7F7B755B9E15E07263DE361267" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="color in alcohol">
|
|
<paragraph id="2B0AD4E2CAB562EF6FAC1ABAAC931B13" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Color in alcohol.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="40B94964E7B2C84DE9CBF18B46CF173C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Light tan overall, with no visible markings.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="63A5AC1236AF48950CEEBA2B31C38A7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E053CF6346C737662FDF31756C683FEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="50E0A4BB1562BC5A619A07054193EFBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="17106D5F4EEFF35713CAC8BC217A5861" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="59276414B9C113C485F4B917B3437C0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is named for the orange rhomboid-shaped polygons arranged in parallel rows along the lateral midline that distinguish it from all other known species within the genus. To be treated as a noun in apposition.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="16C607DF5B38246BE7159E090FF21E4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="7724F3AAE37873E102DF68EE42D1D808" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C3ECEA25CF35D187028DA631B3E9326C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EAA6524B7ADDF773B029DDF790E7F507" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="646DB00572B33C0D96E4ECDBE1CEC945" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. appears to be the same species as an undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF4D77A834C06A36CBF3A234281FA544" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1873" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="ECD2717AC059A9CF6054882692642B29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species that was photographed off Rangiroa, French Polynesia, at a depth of 65 m (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B6BABBCBEFD0213FB70154C24C8A1179" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" author="Williams, JT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="167 - 180" refId="B25" refString="Williams, JT, Delrieu-Trottin, E, Planes, S, 2013. Two new fish species of the subfamily Anthiinae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Marquesas. Zootaxa 3647 (1): 167 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" title="Two new fish species of the subfamily Anthiinae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Marquesas." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" volume="3647" year="2013">Williams et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, some superficial differences exist between our specimen and the one in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="08E56F613B2CF62DB566FD67C7612A98" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" author="Williams, JT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="167 - 180" refId="B25" refString="Williams, JT, Delrieu-Trottin, E, Planes, S, 2013. Two new fish species of the subfamily Anthiinae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Marquesas. Zootaxa 3647 (1): 167 - 180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" title="Two new fish species of the subfamily Anthiinae (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Marquesas." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.8" volume="3647" year="2013">Williams et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, including the thickness of the white lines on the upper body and the color of the iris. These may be due to individual variability. The two specimens described in this paper were collected in highly complex reefs predominantly covered by coralline algae and sponges in Tahiti (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8000C99AA39AF9838EE6AC789280A484" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitat of Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. and Plectranthias hinano sp. nov. in A Tahiti, French Polynesia, depth of approximately 100 m, and B Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, depth of approximately 120 m. Photographs by LA Rocha." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421776" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">3A</figureCitation>
|
|
) and crevices of steep reef walls in the Marshall Islands (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="35AE1E910FD279CD1C7AC66701A762DA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitat of Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. and Plectranthias hinano sp. nov. in A Tahiti, French Polynesia, depth of approximately 100 m, and B Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, depth of approximately 120 m. Photographs by LA Rocha." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421776" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">3B</figureCitation>
|
|
), indicating that this species probably has a wider Pacific distribution. All known individuals have been observed or collected at mesophotic depths, suggesting that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97434EF69B93150B24B8B6E150D4068F" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="15BA91CAB1E7865436665627E9661358" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., as with most of its congeners, does not inhabit shallow coral reef habitats.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF53E7D0E382AE7A55B9617FED71472C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421776" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph id="77C1B7E50960D607859E53C38B702B62" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD105256DF64F1426310EE9FBBCCADF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitat of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BE23518F0C4B736B3D09DC95C36F9A7B" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="140BBD4230A66CB3828C5784D8970DA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AED8D92E65768C8AFDCDE514E9E0766A" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias hinano" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinano">
|
|
<emphasis id="E01F7DD30C2E588D03F8F50A9B319366" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias hinano</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. in
|
|
<emphasis id="DDFD0BF838A986A050D229E4648F73E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
|
Tahiti, French Polynesia, depth of approximately 100 m, and
|
|
<emphasis id="463F6F20C44D9638D63CC4547271D0CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
|
|
Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, depth of approximately 120 m. Photographs by LA Rocha.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8E2EE4A7534A3C23DB8D38F88D7C2F4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph id="D70D82BAB4E739D056C25A80D2A7582F" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4F85503F7E2C6E84F85828B2527B682F" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
|
|
The general body shape, color, and prolongation of the third dorsal-fin spine in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1DFA34A01D4871B64D6DBF866B6FB956" authorityName="Shepherd & Phelps & Pinheiro & Rocha & Rocha" authorityYear="2020" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias polygonius" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5F0D1C141AD18E323446A24847A3F08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. resemble
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D8ADC2C5F4334728FCC7ED77462568E" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="90807E6639C34E666ED44E3058754339" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="93C5586DE894840174FFF7BDF3409205" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A2507B641AE710DCCB469827DA7B1627" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="F7524B10A96F9A712BCE00DB11BD523A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Plectranthias polygonius sp. nov. at Erikub Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, at a depth of 120 m (A), aquarium photos of P. inermis (B), and P. altipinnatus (C). Photographs by LA Rocha (A) and YK Tea (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.941.50243.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/421775" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
); however, the barcode fragment of the COI gene of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8BC83528E5411343A7BA9CA06EF59305" lsidName="P. polygonius" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="polygonius">
|
|
<emphasis id="72A2D4B09CD5E7B828D5985C21B10D4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. polygonius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is not close to any published barcode sequence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A01CDDDE9C067EF2E8DDFA8E8A0D0FA" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1873" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectranthias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectranthias" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="792C84A92DF807AE893F388E29D358A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Plectranthias</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with approximately 15% uncorrected pairwise genetic distance from several species in the genus. Morphologically, it can easily be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="529447BDEB6836C91BFE6F458CFBCC3B" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="3658A8D5583A01E327973D35140D8023" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having ten circumpeduncular scales (vs. 14 or 15 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A235153E261C6DD7214840EA6F66E254" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="203C70AB77E360CEFF27605CDE3DDF59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); canine teeth on the lower jaw (lacking in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CA0B1AEA9B737954373A6C548FA927B" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="93AA83B0FE75BF98EF4312868DE3FF59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); and 14-17 spines on the posterior edge of the preopercle (spines lacking in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDA72D04CA9D0DCE63A36F567AFD2DB7" lsidName="P. inermis" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
|
<emphasis id="584BA857571B090E14825E2EB0CC29C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. inermis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; feebly serrated in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B64A9EA890EA762036FF7C14ACD3BBE" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="491A3023731E2BFC3FD352C085BB8096" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The new species differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9647EE024944B75ECB8F3E27C19FD925" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="952909A340C291FC39DDF4B7C6DECFEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having X, 16 dorsal-fin rays (X, 18 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="461E3B27A08A9D0DAF82CD0FF1371695" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2D6FFB77971A674A0373E6C1394E4128" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), a shallower body (3.2-3.4 in SL vs. 2.8 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A41CF1AEB752850A2E3DFFC41D9DD8F8" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DF91885216E9339592F44BE181846EBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), smaller head (3.1-3.2 in SL vs. 2.2 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71E97BA9C0587B4F2FD01FB94BE0BAAF" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DAAFBFB807743D08EBB6291BCD45932" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and a larger eye (2.8 in HL vs. 4.75 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1DA9012904B3EE4C0013DAE8B5C96DC2" lsidName="P. altipinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="altipinnatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="73162150FE6C6505848A58E15FEABD16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">P. altipinnatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |