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219 lines
25 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388" ID-PMC="PMC5672149" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-89-11" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" ID-PubMed="29118649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138297" ModsDocID="1314-2003-89-11" checkinTime="1509030994220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O." docDate="2017" docId="201B4DE9FCDC549B8F75C0D5E14EE621" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 89: 11-72" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 89" docPubDate="2017-10-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388" docTitle="Tradescantia Faden & D. R. Hunt, Taxon 40 (1): 26. 1991, syn. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" masterDocTitle="Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668142114453" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Current address: Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-10-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>89</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-89-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138297</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:201B4DE9FCDC549B8F75C0D5E14EE621" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/201B4DE9FCDC549B8F75C0D5E14EE621" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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Subtribe
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<taxonomicName LSID="201B4DE9-FCDC-549B-8F75-C0D5E14EE621" authority="Faden & D. R. Hunt, Taxon 40 (1): 26. 1991" authorityName="Faden & D. R. Hunt, Taxon 40 (1): 26." authorityYear="1991" family="Commelinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" status="syn. nov." subTribe="Thyrsantheminae">Thyrsantheminae Faden & D.R.Hunt, Taxon 40(1): 26. 1991</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="28">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="type genus">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pichon" authorityYear="1946" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Thyrsanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thyrsanthemum" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Thyrsanthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pichon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Herbs</emphasis>
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chamaephytes or geophytes, base definite or indefinite, perennial or annual, terrestrial, rupicolous or epiphytes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Roots</emphasis>
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thin and fibrous or thick and tuberous.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Stems</emphasis>
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all aerial, rarely both underground and aerial stems present.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Leaves</emphasis>
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sessile to subpetiolate; distichously or spirally-alternate, evenly distributed along the stem or congested at the apex of the stem; sheaths closed, rarely split open at maturity; blades flat to falcate and/or complicate, base symmetrical or asymmetrical.
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<taxonomicName genus="Synflorescences" lsidName="Synflorescences" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Synflorescences</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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terminal or axillary in the distal portion of the stems, sometimes exclusively axillary, composed of a solitary main florescence or a main florescence with 1-several coflorescences.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Inflorescences (main florescences)</emphasis>
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consisting of a variously modified thyrse, sometimes extremely reduced to few cincinni, inflorescence bract leaf-like or hyaline, tubular and inconspicuous, rarely spathaceous; peduncle bracts present or not; supernumerary bracts present or not; cincinni bracts frondose (leaf-like or spathaceous), bracteose, rarely reduced to hyaline crests, saccate or not at base, free from each other or not; cincinni alternate, fasciculate, verticillate or subopposite, free to fused back to back, sessile, contracted or elongated, bracteoles inconspicuous or expanded, imbricate or not, sometimes completely involving the cincinnus.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual, sometimes staminate, rarely pistillate, actinomorphic zygomorphic, chasmogamous, flat or tubular, when present floral tube infundibuliform to hypocrateriform, rarely campanulate; pedicel gibbous at apex or not, upright or geniculate at anthesis and pre-anthesis, deflexed at post-anthesis; sepals equal or unequal, free to conate, membranous or chartaceous, rarely fleshy, cucullate, dorsally keeled or not, persistent in fruit; petals sessile or clawed, equal, rarely subequal, free to conate; stamens (1-3-)6, arranged in two series, equal or subequal or unequal, all fertile or not, filaments free from each other, free from the petals or epipetalous, rarely connate producing a petalo-staminal ring, straight or sigmoid at anthesis, straight or spirally-coiled at post-anthesis, bearded or not with moniliform hairs, rarely hairs non- moniliform, when present hairs basal or medial or apical, sparse to dense, much shorter or as long as the stamens, anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, rimose, connective expanded or not, anther sacs straight or divergent; ovary sessile, variously pubescent, (1-2-)3-locular, locules equal, locules 1-several-ovulate, ovules uniseriate, style straight or sigmoid at anthesis, straight or spirally-coiled at post-anthesis, obconical or cylindrical at base, cylindrical at length, conical or cylindrical to obconical at the apex, stigma punctate or truncate to capitulate or capitate to trilobate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Capsules</emphasis>
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smooth, glabrous, loculicidal, (2-)3-valved, rarely indehiscent, sometimes apiculate due to persistent style base.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Seeds</emphasis>
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exarillate, ventrally flattened or not, cleft or not towards the embryotega, testa variously ornamented, hilum punctate to elliptic, C-shaped or linear, embryotega dorsal, semilateral or lateral, conspicuous or not, with a prominent apicule or not.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="chromosomes">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Chromosomes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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Small, medium or large-sized, uni- or bimodal,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
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= 4-17
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="included genera">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Included genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Callisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callisia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Callisia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Loefl. (New World, 20 spp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tripogandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tripogandra" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tripogandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Raf. (Neotropics, ca. 22 spp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. emend. M.Pell. (New World, ca. 90 spp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Gibasis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gibasis" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Gibasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Raf. (Neotropics, ca. 11 spp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Elasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elasis" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Elasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D.R.Hunt (Mexico/Guatemala/Ecuador, ca. 4 spp.);
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1978" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Matudanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Matudanthus" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Matudanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D.R.Hunt (Mexico, 1 sp.);
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pichon" authorityYear="1946" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Thyrsanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thyrsanthemum" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Thyrsanthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mexico, 3 spp.);
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1978" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Gibasoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gibasoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Gibasoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D.R.Hunt (Mexico, 1 sp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tinantia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tinantia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tinantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Scheidw. (Texas/Neotropics, 13 spp.);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Weldenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Weldenia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Weldenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schult.f. (Mexico/Guatemala, 2 sp.);
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Wright" authorityYear="1871" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Sauvallea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sauvallea" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Sauvallea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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C.Wright
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">ex</emphasis>
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Hassk. (Cuba, 1 sp.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="28" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="28">
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Subtribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohweder" authorityYear="1956" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tradescantiinae">Tradescantiinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" author="Faden, RB" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="19 - 31" refId="B31" refString="Faden, RB, Hunt, DR, 1991. The classification of the Commelinaceae. Taxon 40 (1): 19 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" title="The classification of the Commelinaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" volume="40" year="1991">Faden and Hunt 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) is composed by
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Callisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callisia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Callisia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">s.l.</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Gibasis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gibasis" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Gibasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tripogandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tripogandra" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tripogandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The subtribe was characterized by its main florescences reduced to a double-cincinni, fused back to back, or by two to several stipitate and geniculate cincinni arranged in an umbellate thyrse (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" author="Faden, RB" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="19 - 31" refId="B31" refString="Faden, RB, Hunt, DR, 1991. The classification of the Commelinaceae. Taxon 40 (1): 19 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" title="The classification of the Commelinaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" volume="40" year="1991">Faden and Hunt 1991</bibRefCitation>
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; Panigo et al. 2010). In this old circumscription of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohweder" authorityYear="1956" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tradescantiinae">Tradescantiinae</taxonomicName>
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, the cincinni are generally contracted, as opposed to the elongated cincinni in subtribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Faden & D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1991" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thyrsantheminae">Thyrsantheminae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" author="Faden, RB" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="19 - 31" refId="B31" refString="Faden, RB, Hunt, DR, 1991. The classification of the Commelinaceae. Taxon 40 (1): 19 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" title="The classification of the Commelinaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1222918" volume="40" year="1991">Faden and Hunt 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Faden & D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1991" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thyrsantheminae">Thyrsantheminae</taxonomicName>
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represents a rather heterogeneous assemble of genera, with no clear morphological feature linking these groups together. Not surprisingly, both subtribes have been consistently recovered as non-monophyletic, due to the inclusion of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Elasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elasis" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Elasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohweder" authorityYear="1956" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tradescantiinae">Tradescantiinae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">s.s.</emphasis>
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, and to the remaining genera of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Faden & D.R.Hunt" authorityYear="1991" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thyrsantheminae">Thyrsantheminae</taxonomicName>
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being recovered in two independent lineages (Bergamo 2003;
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, TM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="270 - 292" refId="B28" refString="Evans, TM, Sytsma, KJ, Faden, RB, Givnish, TJ, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology. Systematic Botany 28: 270 - 292" title="Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology." volume="28" year="2003">Evans et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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; Wade et al. 2006;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" author="Burns, JH" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="31" pageNumber="42" pagination="268 - 276" refId="B18" refString="Burns, JH, Faden, RB, Steppan, SJ, 2011. Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. Systematic Botany 36 (2): 268 - 276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" title="Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" volume="36" year="2011">Burns et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Zuiderveen, GH" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="35" pageNumber="46" publicationUrl="http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/65" refId="B100" refString="Zuiderveen, GH, Evans, TM, Faden, RB, 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of the African plant genus Palisota (family Commelinaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Grand Valley State University, Honors Projects: Paper 65. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/65" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the African plant genus Palisota (family Commelinaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Grand Valley State University, Honors Projects: Paper 65." url="http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/65" year="2011">Zuiderveen et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" author="Hertweck, KL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 116" refId="B38" refString="Hertweck, KL, Pires, JC, 2014. Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae). Systematic Botany 39 (1): 105 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" title="Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" volume="39" year="2014">Hertweck and Pires 2014</bibRefCitation>
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; Pellegrini et al. unpublished data; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Congruence between morphological and molecular datasets. A, majority-rule tree showing the sections and series proposed by Hunt (1975, 1980, 1986 b) color-coded; the five newly proposed subgenera are represented by the black bars; Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt; the ● represents Tradescantia s. s.; Bremer Index support values are depicted over the branches, while bootstrap support values are depicted under the branches B simplification of the current hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships in tribe Tradescantieae, based on molecular data. Thyrsanthemum Pichon and Weldenia Schult. f. are depicted in red since they were not sampled in the present study. Modified from Hertweck and Pires (2014)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164503" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">4B</figureCitation>
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). Nonetheless, if both subtribes are combined, they become equivalent to the
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia" order="Commelinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alliance (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="28">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" author="Hertweck, KL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 116" refId="B38" refString="Hertweck, KL, Pires, JC, 2014. Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae). Systematic Botany 39 (1): 105 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" title="Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" volume="39" year="2014">Hertweck and Pires 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) and monophyletic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, TM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="270 - 292" refId="B28" refString="Evans, TM, Sytsma, KJ, Faden, RB, Givnish, TJ, 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology. Systematic Botany 28: 270 - 292" title="Phylogenetic relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology." volume="28" year="2003">Evans et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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; Wade et al. 2006;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" author="Burns, JH" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="31" pageNumber="42" pagination="268 - 276" refId="B18" refString="Burns, JH, Faden, RB, Steppan, SJ, 2011. Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. Systematic Botany 36 (2): 268 - 276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" title="Phylogenetic Studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X569471" volume="36" year="2011">Burns et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" author="Hertweck, KL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 116" refId="B38" refString="Hertweck, KL, Pires, JC, 2014. Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae). Systematic Botany 39 (1): 105 - 116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" title="Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991" volume="39" year="2014">Hertweck and Pires 2014</bibRefCitation>
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; Pellegrini et al. unpublished data). This clade is exclusively Neotropical, having pollen grains with rugose to rugose-insulate tectum as its synapomorphy (Poole and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" author="Hunt, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="33" pageNumber="44" refId="B44" refString="Hunt, DR, 1980. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" year="1980">Hunt 1980</bibRefCitation>
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; pers. observ.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |