555 lines
78 KiB
XML
555 lines
78 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="074FE6E15C12B1BB57395C9F0F3ED66A">Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372D3A5DD5FD27" blockId="4.[151,430,617,643]" box="[151,430,617,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<heading id="CC1181EC7112FF89FF372D3A5DD5FD27" bold="true" box="[151,430,617,643]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372D3A5DD5FD27" ID-CoL="3WY2" ID-ENA="1380091" authority="Latreille, 1829" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,430,617,643]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372D3A5DD5FD27" bold="true" box="[151,430,617,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372D3A5C89FD27" bold="true" box="[151,242,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FF592D3A5DD5FD27" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[249,430,617,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="206 - 291" refId="ref11652" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les Arachnides. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), Le regne animal distribue d apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l ' histoire naturelle des animaux et d introduction a l anatomie comparee. Nouvelle edition, revue et augmentee. Tome IV. Deterville, Paris, pp. 206 - 291." type="book chapter" year="1829">Latreille, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372DE25F49FD62" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" box="[151,818,688,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372DE25DF5FD62" authority="Rossi 1788: 141" authorityName="Sauvagii Rossi" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1788" box="[151,398,688,710]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372DE25C99FD62" box="[151,226,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Aranea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FF482DE35DF5FD62" author="Rossi, P." box="[232,398,688,710]" page="141" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1788">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FF482DE35D26FD62" author="Rossi, P." box="[232,349,688,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="122 - 149" refId="ref12420" refString="Rossi, P. (1788) Osservazioni insettologiche. Memorie di matematica e di fisica della Societa Italiana delle Scienze, 4, 122 - 149." type="journal article" year="1788">Rossi 1788</bibRefCitation>
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: 141
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, figs VII–X. 1790: 138, plate. 10, fig. 11.
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372D9D581AFD40" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" box="[151,1121,718,740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372D9D5DD0FD40" authority="Latreille 1804: 165" authorityName="Sauvagesii Latreille" authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,427,718,740]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372D9D5C98FD40" box="[151,227,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Mygale</emphasis>
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Latreille 1804: 165
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</taxonomicName>
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plate. XVIII figs 7–10; Dufour 1820: 102–103, plate. LXXIII fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372DBE5E6EFCA7" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" box="[151,533,749,771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372DBE5DBEFCA7" authority="Simon 1864: 75" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,453,749,771]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Mygalodonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372DBE5D65FCA7" box="[151,286,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Mygalodonta</emphasis>
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Simon 1864: 75
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</taxonomicName>
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fig. 30.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372C5F5DC9FC86" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" box="[151,434,780,802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372C5F5DD5FC86" authority="Latreille 1831: 504" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="504" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,430,780,802]" class="Arachnida" genus="Ctenize" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372C5F5C98FC85" box="[151,227,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cténize</emphasis>
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Latreille 1831: 504
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372C7958F9FCE4" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" box="[151,1154,810,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372C795D88FCE4" authority="Ausserer 1871: 150" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,499,810,832]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Aepycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372C795D58FCE4" box="[151,291,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Aëpycephalus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FE892C785D88FCE4" author="Ausserer, A." box="[297,499,810,832]" page="150" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1871">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FE892C785DBBFCE4" author="Ausserer, A." box="[297,448,810,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="177 - 224" refId="ref10419" refString="Ausserer, A. (1871) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 21, 177 - 224." type="journal article" year="1871">Ausserer 1871</bibRefCitation>
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: 150
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FE5C2C785ED2FCE4" author="Raven, R. J." box="[508,681,810,832]" page="142" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FE5C2C785E02FCE4" author="Raven, R. J." box="[508,633,810,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref12247" refString="Raven, R. J. (1985) The Spiders of the Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and Systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182 (1), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 142
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(note);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FD592C795FA7FCE4" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[761,988,810,832]" page="358" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FD592C795FD7FCE4" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[761,940,810,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="353 - 383" refId="ref12668" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1995) Zur Kenntnis der Endemiten zur Evolution und zur Biogeographie der Spinnen Korskas und Sardiniens, mit Neubeschreibungen (Arachnida: Araneae). Beitrage zur Araneologie, 4, 353 - 383." type="journal article" year="1995">Wunderlich 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 358
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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new synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372C195F90FCDA" blockId="4.[151,1436,688,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7F611AE7112FF89FF372C195F90FCDA" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372C195DC0FCFB" ID-CoL="3WY2" authority=": Latreille 1829: 230" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,443,841,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372C195C9FFCFB" box="[151,228,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FF542C1A5DC0FCFB" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[244,443,841,863]" page="230" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1829">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FF542C1A5DF2FCFB" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[244,393,841,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="206 - 291" refId="ref11652" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les Arachnides. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), Le regne animal distribue d apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l ' histoire naturelle des animaux et d introduction a l anatomie comparee. Nouvelle edition, revue et augmentee. Tome IV. Deterville, Paris, pp. 206 - 291." type="book chapter" year="1829">Latreille 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nomination new genus);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="164710917112FF89FD702C195FE2FCFB" author="Ausserer, A." box="[720,921,841,863]" page="151" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" year="1871">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FD702C195F12FCFB" author="Ausserer, A." box="[720,873,841,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="177 - 224" refId="ref10419" refString="Ausserer, A. (1871) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 21, 177 - 224." type="journal article" year="1871">Ausserer 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–152 (confirmation new genus, and indication
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FA242C195D50FCDA" ID-CoL="32558" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FA242C195D50FCDA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">C. sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="485D88227112FF89FE912C3A5D26FCDA" box="[305,349,873,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species; Simon 1873: 34, nomination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FD412C3A5F18FCDA" ID-CoL="32558" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" box="[737,867,873,894]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FD412C3A5F18FCDA" box="[737,867,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">C. sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="485D88227112FF89FCC92C3A5FEEFCDA" box="[873,917,873,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DFFC650B7112FF89FF372CF95891FA33" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF372CF95EA0FBAF" blockId="4.[151,1437,938,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372CF95DFBFC67" bold="true" box="[151,384,938,963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen of both sexes of the three genera presently included in the family
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<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB782CF9592BFC67" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[1240,1360,938,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenizidae</taxonomicName>
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||
(WSC 2018) were studied with the exception of males of
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FD442C9C5F10FC42" box="[740,875,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FD442C9C5F1DFC42" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[740,870,975,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stasimopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Information on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB872C9C58DEFC42" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[1063,1189,975,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FB872C9C58DEFC42" box="[1063,1189,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males and additional females is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FED82CA15EACFBAF" author="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L." box="[376,727,1010,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10855" refString="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L. (2012) Cryptic diversity of South African trapdoor spiders: three new species of Stasimopus Simon, 1892 (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), and redescription of Stasimopus robertsi Hewitt, 1910. American Museum Novitates, 3732, 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3732.2" type="journal article" year="2012">Engelbrecht & Prendini (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF672B455891FA33" blockId="4.[151,1437,938,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
|
||
Specimen examined in genus level diagnostics:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FD5F2B445FB4FB8A" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" box="[767,975,1047,1070]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FD5F2B445FB4FB8A" box="[767,975,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FC452B44582CFB8B" box="[997,1111,1046,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FB382B445883FB8B" box="[1176,1272,1046,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
). Specified:
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FA2E2B455C8AFBF7" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FEA02B695D2EFBF7" box="[256,341,1082,1107]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(coll. MNHN: AR.4216, AR.4211a, AR.4224, coll. A.D.: Bra.005);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FB202B685893FBF7" box="[1152,1256,1082,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, Calabria (coll. MCSNEC: Riz.006);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FE2E2B0C5D8AFBD3" box="[398,497,1118,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
Sardinia (coll. A.D.: Colo.017);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FCD02B0C5FC5FBD3" box="[880,958,1118,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FC682B0D5866FBD3" box="[968,1053,1118,1143]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(coll. MCSNEC: NHMB.011);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FA2E2B0C5CB6FB3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
Calabria (coll. MCSNEC: Isaia.134);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FDDC2BD05EBCFB3F" box="[636,711,1154,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
Sardinia (coll. A.D.: Colo.018).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB992BD058A0FB3F" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1874" box="[1081,1243,1155,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moggridgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FB992BD058A0FB3F" box="[1081,1243,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">C. moggridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FB4A2BD0592CFB3F" box="[1258,1367,1154,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FA2E2BD05CB4FB1B" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
) Specified:
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FEF92BF45DCBFB1B" box="[345,432,1190,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FE192BF45E73FB1A" box="[441,520,1191,1214]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Alpes Maritimes (coll. A.D.: SHu.
|
||
<date id="E35810407112FF89FC392BF5587BFB1B" box="[921,1024,1190,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" value="14-06-19">19.06.14</date>
|
||
, 20/04/05.5);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FB3E2BF4597BFB1B" box="[1182,1280,1190,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FAA92BF55946FB1B" box="[1289,1341,1190,1215]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5522F8627112FF89FAEA2BF559E7FB1B" box="[1354,1436,1190,1215]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Liguria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(coll. MCSNEC: Isaia.020);
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FE5D2B985E15FB47" box="[509,622,1226,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FD252B985EAFFB46" box="[645,724,1227,1250]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Alpes Maritimes (coll. A.D. 20/04/05.4).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB5B2B985D57FAA2" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FB5B2B985D57FAA2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum cunicularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FEE22BBC5DC8FAA3" box="[322,435,1262,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FE552BBC5E31FAA3" box="[501,586,1262,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
). Specified:
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FD402BBC5F3CFAA3" box="[736,839,1262,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FCF32BBC5FDEFAA3" box="[851,933,1263,1287]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Corfu (coll. A.D.: 01/07/95.4),
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FA8A2BBC59E7FAA3" box="[1322,1436,1262,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FF372A405C92FA8F" box="[151,233,1299,1323]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5522F8627112FF89FF582A405D4FFA8F" box="[248,308,1299,1323]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
(coll. A.D.: 20/04/90.1, 15/04/90.4),
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FD4E2A405F46FA8F" box="[750,829,1298,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FCE92A405FE0FA8F" box="[841,923,1299,1323]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tinos (coll. A.D.: GR80.11).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FAA42A405902FA8E" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1284,1401,1299,1322]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grajum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FAA42A405902FA8E" box="[1284,1401,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">C. grajum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FA2E2A405C95FAEB" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FE892A645D00FAEB" box="[297,379,1334,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
). Specified:
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FDAB2A645E0AFAEB" box="[523,625,1334,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FDDF2A645EAAFAEB" box="[639,721,1335,1359]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5522F8627112FF89FD7E2A655F03FAEB" box="[734,888,1334,1359]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Peloponnesus</collectingRegion>
|
||
(coll. A.D.: 22/10/92.2),
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FB3E2A64597AFAEB" box="[1182,1281,1334,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FAAB2A645926FAEB" box="[1291,1373,1335,1359]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Paxi (coll. A.D.: 04/07/95.2),
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FE152A085E62FAD7" box="[437,537,1370,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FD832A085E0EFAD7" box="[547,629,1371,1395]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kefalonia (coll. MCSNEC: Isaia.021a),
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FBF12A0858E5FAD7" box="[1105,1182,1370,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FB092A085880FAD7" box="[1193,1275,1371,1395]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kithira (coll. A.D.: GR8.85.5).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FEC02A2C5DA5FA32" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[352,478,1407,1430]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FEC02A2C5DA5FA32" box="[352,478,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec.
|
||
<specimenCount id="81E0FD097112FF89FD852A2C5EF1FA33" box="[549,650,1406,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EFF176107112FF89FD352A2D5F5CFA33" box="[661,807,1406,1431]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bloemfontijn (coll. MNHN: AR.4117).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DFFC650B7112FF88FF672AF15F35FA41" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807112FF89FF672AF15EF4F8E3" blockId="4.[151,1437,938,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF672AF15D41FA1F" bold="true" box="[199,314,1442,1467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. With the extraction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FDF22AF15877FA1F" authority="(Godwin et al. 2018)" authorityName="Godwin" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Godwin" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[594,1036,1442,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Halonoproctidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FCBE2AF1587FFA1F" author="Godwin, R. L. & Opatova, V. & Garrison, N. L. & Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E." box="[798,1028,1442,1467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="303 - 313" refId="ref11039" refString="Godwin, R. L., Opatova, V., Garrison, N. L., Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E. (2018) Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family, Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 126, 303 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.04.008" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Godwin
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FC242AF05FC4FA1F" box="[900,959,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB392AF1596AFA1F" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[1177,1297,1442,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently reduced to include three genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FDB42A945E12FA7A" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[532,617,1479,1502]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FDB42A945E12FA7A" box="[532,617,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FDDB2A945F60FA7A" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[635,795,1479,1502]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FDDB2A945F60FA7A" box="[635,795,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FC8C2A945FD1FA7A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[812,938,1479,1502]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FC8C2A945FD1FA7A" box="[812,938,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; WSC 2018). Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB0B2A955958FA7B" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[1195,1315,1478,1503]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FA8D2A9459F9FA7A" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[1325,1410,1479,1502]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FA8D2A9459F9FA7A" box="[1325,1410,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF372AB85D43F9A6" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,312,1515,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF372AB85D43F9A6" box="[151,312,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stand morphologically apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FD652AB85F38F9A6" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[709,835,1515,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FD652AB85F38F9A6" box="[709,835,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences in the shape of the prosoma include, in ventral view, the anterior distal lobe of the maxillae, the shape of the labium and the sternal sigilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FAA2295D590BF983" box="[1282,1392,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1017,1040]" captionTargetBox="[176,1417,188,1009]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[160,1417,179,1009]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3–8. Top row left to right: 3, Cteniza sauvagesi (female, AR4216, Corsica); 4, Cyrtocarenum sp. (female, 01/07/ 95.4, Corfu); 5, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal maxillae with narrow, straight anterior lobes in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum and wide, curved lobe in Stasimopus (arrows). Bottom row left to right: 6, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Isaia.137, Calabria); 7, Cy. grajum (female, 22/10/92.2, Peloponnesos); 8, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal labium (rounded in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, conical in Stasimopus), and sternal sigilla (clear, rounded and separated in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, vague, longitudinal and fussed in Stasimopus) (arrows). Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625578/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 3–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view there is a marked difference in the setting of the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FCD929615F88F9EF" box="[889,1011,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1055,1078]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,196,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[149,1432,187,1034]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Top row left to right: 9, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4211a, Corsica); 10, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 11, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the width of the eye-group, narrow (n) in Cteniza, medium (m) in Cyrtocarenum and wide (w) in Stasimopus. Bottom row left to right: 12, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 13, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 14, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the shape of the carapace in lateral view (thoracic part horizontal at the fovea in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, sloping downward in Stasimopus). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 2.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625580/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females differ in the structure of the carapace, lateral view, with the thoracic part more or less horizontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FC1729045877F9CA" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[951,1036,1623,1646]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FC1729045877F9CA" box="[951,1036,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FB8C290458B6F9CA" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[1068,1229,1623,1646]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FB8C290458B6F9CA" box="[1068,1229,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sloping down towards the fovea in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FE3529285E6FF936" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[405,532,1659,1682]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FE3529285E6FF936" box="[405,532,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FD8829295ECDF937" box="[552,694,1658,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1055,1078]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,196,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[149,1432,187,1034]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Top row left to right: 9, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4211a, Corsica); 10, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 11, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the width of the eye-group, narrow (n) in Cteniza, medium (m) in Cyrtocarenum and wide (w) in Stasimopus. Bottom row left to right: 12, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 13, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 14, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the shape of the carapace in lateral view (thoracic part horizontal at the fovea in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, sloping downward in Stasimopus). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 2.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625580/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FC5329285833F936" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[1011,1096,1659,1682]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FC5329285833F936" box="[1011,1096,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FBCF2928596BF936" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[1135,1296,1659,1682]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FBCF2928596BF936" box="[1135,1296,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FF3729CC5D6DF912" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,278,1695,1718]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FF3729CC5D6DF912" box="[151,278,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of dense groups of short “curvy-spines” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FC1629CD5885F913" author="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L." box="[950,1278,1694,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10855" refString="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L. (2012) Cryptic diversity of South African trapdoor spiders: three new species of Stasimopus Simon, 1892 (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), and redescription of Stasimopus robertsi Hewitt, 1910. American Museum Novitates, 3732, 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3732.2" type="journal article" year="2012">Engelbrecht & Prendini 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
fig. 16A for a SEM-image) on the distal segments of the palps and anterior two pairs of legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FBAA299158F4F97F" box="[1034,1167,1730,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1575,1598]" captionTargetBox="[179,1418,737,1557]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1418,727,1557]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–20. Top row left to right: 15, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria); 16, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/ 90.1, Crete); 17, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note open groups of “dagger-type” spines on the prolateral distal segments of leg I in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (15–16) versus the compact groups of short “curvy-spines” in Stasimopus (17). Bottom row left to right: 18, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Bra.005, Corsica); 19, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/90.1, Crete); 20, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn), note the cylindrical tibia III and proximally concave dorsal femur in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (18–19) versus the distally inflated tibia III and convex dorsal femur in Stasimopus (20).). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 15–17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the morphology of leg III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FEAC29B55DEDF95B" box="[268,406,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1575,1598]" captionTargetBox="[179,1418,737,1557]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1418,727,1557]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–20. Top row left to right: 15, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria); 16, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/ 90.1, Crete); 17, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note open groups of “dagger-type” spines on the prolateral distal segments of leg I in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (15–16) versus the compact groups of short “curvy-spines” in Stasimopus (17). Bottom row left to right: 18, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Bra.005, Corsica); 19, Cy. cunicularium (female, 20/04/90.1, Crete); 20, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn), note the cylindrical tibia III and proximally concave dorsal femur in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum (18–19) versus the distally inflated tibia III and convex dorsal femur in Stasimopus (20).). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 18–20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FDB429B45E11F95A" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[532,618,1767,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FDB429B45E11F95A" box="[532,618,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FD2929B45F51F95A" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[649,810,1767,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FD2929B45F51F95A" box="[649,810,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037112FF89FBA929B458F3F95A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[1033,1160,1767,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927112FF89FBA929B458F3F95A" box="[1033,1160,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of strong sculpturing of the carapace (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057112FF89FDEF28595EADF887" box="[591,726,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–44" captionStartId="13.[151,264,877,900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,210,842]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[148,1426,199,842]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–44. Species level diagnostics, differences in the shape of the male carapace. 43, C. sauvagesi (Colo.015, Sardinia); 44, C. moggridgei, (Shu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes). Note the anterior distinctively narrowing carapace in C. sauvagesi versus the rounded carapace in C. moggridgei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625596/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Figs. 43–44</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3774B717112FF89FCBE2859580AF887" author="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L." box="[798,1137,1802,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref10855" refString="Engelbrecht, I. & Prendini, L. (2012) Cryptic diversity of South African trapdoor spiders: three new species of Stasimopus Simon, 1892 (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), and redescription of Stasimopus robertsi Hewitt, 1910. American Museum Novitates, 3732, 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3732.2" type="journal article" year="2012">Engelbrecht & Prendini 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figs. 6AC, 10AC, 17AC, 21AC), and the presence of cymbium spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C39966087113FF88FF372CAA5DB9FB6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625578/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" startId="5.[151,264,1017,1040]" targetBox="[176,1417,188,1009]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807113FF88FF372CAA5DB9FB6C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1017,1224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FF372CAA5D40FBAB" bold="true" box="[151,315,1017,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">FIGURES 3–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Top row left to right: 3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FD9D2CA85E8DFBB4" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" box="[573,758,1019,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FD9D2CA85E8DFBB4" box="[573,758,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, AR4216, Corsica); 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FBE32CA858AFFBB4" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[1091,1236,1019,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FBE32CA858AFFBB4" box="[1091,1236,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (female, 01/07/ 95.4, Corfu); 5,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FEE62B495DC2FB8B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[326,441,1050,1071]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FEE62B495DC2FB8B" box="[326,441,1050,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal maxillae with narrow, straight anterior lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FE322B6B5DA4FBE9" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[402,479,1080,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FE322B6B5DA4FBE9" box="[402,479,1080,1101]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FE592B6B5EF1FBE9" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[505,650,1080,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FE592B6B5EF1FBE9" box="[505,650,1080,1101]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and wide, curved lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FC2E2B6B587AFBE9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[910,1025,1080,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FC2E2B6B587AFBE9" box="[910,1025,1080,1101]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(arrows). Bottom row left to right: 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FADD2B6B5C80FBC8" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FADD2B6B5C80FBC8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Ct. sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, Isaia.137, Calabria); 7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FDE82B045EC3FBC8" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[584,696,1111,1132]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grajum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FDE82B045EC3FBC8" box="[584,696,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cy. grajum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, 22/10/92.2, Peloponnesos); 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FBEB2B0458C5FBC8" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[1099,1214,1111,1132]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FBEB2B0458C5FBC8" box="[1099,1214,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the distal labium (rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FCCC2B255FC2FB2F" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[876,953,1142,1163]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FCCC2B255FC2FB2F" box="[876,953,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FC7B2B255817FB2F" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[987,1132,1142,1163]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FC7B2B255817FB2F" box="[987,1132,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, conical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FB4C2B255925FB2F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[1260,1374,1142,1163]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FB4C2B255925FB2F" box="[1260,1374,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and sternal sigilla (clear, rounded and separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FD372BC75E9FFB0D" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[663,740,1172,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FD372BC75E9FFB0D" box="[663,740,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FCAB2BC75FE7FB0D" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[779,924,1172,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FCAB2BC75FE7FB0D" box="[779,924,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, vague, longitudinal and fussed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FA812BC759EFFB0D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[1313,1428,1172,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FA812BC759EFFB0D" box="[1313,1428,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (arrows). Scale bars= 1.0 mm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807113FF88FF672A4A5F35FA41" blockId="5.[151,1437,1305,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FF672A4A5D66FA94" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[199,285,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FF672A4A5D66FA94" box="[199,285,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FE662A4A5E1CFA94" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[454,615,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FE662A4A5E1CFA94" box="[454,615,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both sexes) in the configuration of the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FB0D2A4A5956FA95" box="[1197,1325,1305,1330]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1055,1078]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,196,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[149,1432,187,1034]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Top row left to right: 9, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4211a, Corsica); 10, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 11, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the width of the eye-group, narrow (n) in Cteniza, medium (m) in Cyrtocarenum and wide (w) in Stasimopus. Bottom row left to right: 12, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 13, Cy. grajum (female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 14, Stasimopus sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the shape of the carapace in lateral view (thoracic part horizontal at the fovea in Cteniza + Cyrtocarenum, sloping downward in Stasimopus). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 2.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625580/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the morphology of the spinnerets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FE572A6F5EF9FAF1" box="[503,642,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[175,1426,662,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1426,649,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Top left to right: 21, Ct. moggridgei (female, Isaia.020 Liguria); 22, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Colo.017, Sardinia) Note the irregular distribution of macro-spigots pointed by arrows. Bottom left tyo right: 23, Cy. cunicularium (female, 15/04/90.4, Crete); 24, Cy. grajum (female, Isiai.016a, Kefalonia). Note the compacte groups of macro-spigots in Cy. cunicularium and the more slender PLS with conical distal segment in C. grajum. Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625584/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 21–24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males differ in the general morphology of the palpal organ: slender embolus, gradually curved with a tiny apical scoop in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FCAB2A325F1AFADC" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[779,865,1377,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FCAB2A325F1AFADC" box="[779,865,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FCD32A325F84FADE" box="[883,1023,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,698,721]" captionTargetBox="[223,1376,187,681]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[210,1377,181,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Genus level diagnostic differences between Cteniza and Cyrtocarenum in the male bulb structure (standard ventral orientation). Left to right: 25, Ct. moggidgei (SHu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 26, Ct. sauvagesi (Isaia.134, Calabria); 27, Cy. cunicularium (GR80.11, Tinos); 28, Cy. grajum (GR.8.82.5, Kithira). Note the regular curve and tiny apical scoop (SC) in the embolus of the two Cteniza species and the robust distally bent and twisted embolus (tw) in the two Cyrtocarenum species. Scale bars= 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625586/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 25–26</figureCitation>
|
||
); robust distally bent and twisted
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FA262A315D43FA38" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FF372AD65D43FA38" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,312,1413,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtocarenum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FEE92AD75DAFFA39" box="[329,468,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,698,721]" captionTargetBox="[223,1376,187,681]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[210,1377,181,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Genus level diagnostic differences between Cteniza and Cyrtocarenum in the male bulb structure (standard ventral orientation). Left to right: 25, Ct. moggidgei (SHu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 26, Ct. sauvagesi (Isaia.134, Calabria); 27, Cy. cunicularium (GR80.11, Tinos); 28, Cy. grajum (GR.8.82.5, Kithira). Note the regular curve and tiny apical scoop (SC) in the embolus of the two Cteniza species and the robust distally bent and twisted embolus (tw) in the two Cyrtocarenum species. Scale bars= 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625586/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 27–28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males further differ in the armature of the retrolateral tibia I, with strong spines in ventral half of the Tibia and metatarsus as the sole armature in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FCFD2AFA5FC9FA64" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[861,946,1449,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FCFD2AFA5FC9FA64" box="[861,946,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the strong ventral apical clasper-hooks mounted on a distinct process in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037113FF88FDA72A9E5ED3FA40" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[519,680,1485,1508]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FDA72A9E5ED3FA40" box="[519,680,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FD172A9F5F3AFA41" box="[695,833,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[330,1255,900,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[330,1255,893,1829]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Genus level diagnostic differences between Cteniza and Cyrtocarenum as seen in the armature and shape of the retrolateral male tibia and proximal metatarsus of leg I. 29, Ct. moggridgei (Shu-19.06.14 Alpes Maritimes); 30, Ct. sauvagesi (NHMB.011, Corsica); 31, Cy. cunicularium (GR80.11, Tinos); 32, Cy. grajum (GR.8.82.5, Kithira). Note strong spines (ss) in ventral half of the tibia and metatarsus as the sole armature in Cteniza and the strong ventral apical clasper-hooks mounted on a distinct process (ch) in Cyrtocarenum. Note also the difference in tibiae shape between the genera and the proximal bent and sclerotized metatarsus (sb) in Cyrtocarenum (absent in Cteniza). Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625588/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 29–32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DFFC650B7113FF8BFF672AA25F02F930" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="5" pageNumber="504" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807113FF88FF672AA25E4BF8EA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1305,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927113FF88FF672AA25D2AF9AE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1521,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Small to medium sized mygalomorph spiders. Males: TBL 9.0–24.6, CL 3.9–10.2 (n= 15), Females: TBL 14.0–30.6, CL 4.9–11.5 (n= 24). Generally uniform color ranging from dark brown to almost black with a grey unmarked abdomen, ventral parts lighter brown and grey (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FC67296A5828F9F6" box="[967,1107,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1103,1126]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,189,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[140,1424,175,1092]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Living spiders of the genus Cteniza. 33, Ct. moggridgei (female, 20/04/05.4, Gorbio Alpes Maritimes); 34, Ct. sauvagesi (female, field recording by P. Rizzo Calabria); Ct. moggridgei (male, 20/04/05.5, Gorbio Alpes Maritimes); Ct. sauvagesi (male, field recording by P. Rizzo Calabria)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625590/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 33–36</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spinneret morphology, configuration of the eyes and pattern of sternal sigilla are similar in both sexes. PMS are more than their diameter apart, club-shaped with a distinct apical spigot-field and usually one central macro-spigot, PLS proximal segment longer than median + distal segments, few macro-spigots distally on all segments, distal segment slightly conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FF3F299A5D56F945" box="[159,301,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[175,1426,662,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1426,649,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Top left to right: 21, Ct. moggridgei (female, Isaia.020 Liguria); 22, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Colo.017, Sardinia) Note the irregular distribution of macro-spigots pointed by arrows. Bottom left tyo right: 23, Cy. cunicularium (female, 15/04/90.4, Crete); 24, Cy. grajum (female, Isiai.016a, Kefalonia). Note the compacte groups of macro-spigots in Cy. cunicularium and the more slender PLS with conical distal segment in C. grajum. Scale bars= 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625584/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye-formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FE5A299A5EFAF945" box="[506,641,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,203,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[149,1418,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37–40. Top row: variable, sub-rectangular to trapezoidal, eye-formations in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 37, Ct. sauvagesi (male, Colo.018, Sardinia); 38, Ct. moggridgei (females, Isaia.020, Liguria). Bottom row: Patterns of sternal sigilla in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 39, Ct. moggridgei (male, Shu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 40, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria). Note the large central sigilla (cs) and the small lateral sigilla (ls). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= top-row= 0.5 mm, bottom row 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625592/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
|
||
): weakly trapezoidal to sub-rectangular, PR slightly longer than AR (AR/PR av.= 0.9, sd= 0.06, n= 24), and almost twice as wide as long (EL/PR av.= 0.6, sd= 0.06, n= 24). Sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057113FF88FF3F28425D51F88D" box="[159,298,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,203,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[149,1418,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37–40. Top row: variable, sub-rectangular to trapezoidal, eye-formations in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 37, Ct. sauvagesi (male, Colo.018, Sardinia); 38, Ct. moggridgei (females, Isaia.020, Liguria). Bottom row: Patterns of sternal sigilla in male and female of the genus Cteniza. 39, Ct. moggridgei (male, Shu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 40, Ct. sauvagesi (female, Riz.006, Calabria). Note the large central sigilla (cs) and the small lateral sigilla (ls). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= top-row= 0.5 mm, bottom row 1.0 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625592/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="504">Figs. 39–40</figureCitation>
|
||
): two separated, large, roundish sigilla sub-centrally in the caudal half of the sternum, flanked by two, more laterally placed smaller sigilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C39966087110FF8BFF372B4C5FC6FB6B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625580/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" startId="6.[151,264,1055,1078]" targetBox="[165,1432,196,1034]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807110FF8BFF372B4C5FC6FB6B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1055,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFF372B4C5D3DFB91" bold="true" box="[151,326,1055,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">FIGURES 9–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Top row left to right: 9,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFD9C2B725EBFFB92" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" box="[572,708,1057,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFD9C2B725EBFFB92" box="[572,708,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Ct. sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, AR4211a, Corsica); 10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFBB72B7258FCFB92" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1047,1159,1057,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grajum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFBB72B7258FCFB92" box="[1047,1159,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cy. grajum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 11,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFF1C2B135D54FBF1" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[188,303,1088,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFF1C2B135D54FBF1" box="[188,303,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the width of the eye-group, narrow (n) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFAE82B1359EEFBF1" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[1352,1429,1088,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFAE82B1359EEFBF1" box="[1352,1429,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, medium (m) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFEE02B0D5DAAFBD7" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[320,465,1118,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFEE02B0D5DAAFBD7" box="[320,465,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and wide (w) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFD2F2B0D5F79FBD7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[655,770,1118,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFD2F2B0D5F79FBD7" box="[655,770,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Bottom row left to right: 12,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFBEC2B0D58A3FBD0" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1788" box="[1100,1240,1118,1140]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauvagesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFBEC2B0D58A3FBD0" box="[1100,1240,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Ct. sauvagesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, AR4224, Corsica); 13,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFE812B2E5DE9FB36" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[289,402,1149,1170]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grajum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFE812B2E5DE9FB36" box="[289,402,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cy. grajum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female, 04/07/95.2, Paxi); 14,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFD782B2E5F30FB36" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[728,843,1149,1170]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFD782B2E5F30FB36" box="[728,843,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (female, AR4117, Bloemfontijn). Note the differences in the shape of the carapace in lateral view (thoracic part horizontal at the fovea in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFC7B2BC85853FB14" authorityName=": Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[987,1064,1179,1200]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cteniza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFC7B2BC85853FB14" box="[987,1064,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cteniza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFBE32BC858AFFB14" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[1091,1236,1179,1200]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyrtocarenum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFBE32BC858AFFB14" box="[1091,1236,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Cyrtocarenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sloping downward in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E64D037110FF8BFF112BE95D58FB6B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[177,291,1210,1231]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A592EA927110FF8BFF112BE95D58FB6B" box="[177,291,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Stasimopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Points of attention are marked with arrows. Scale bars= 2.0 mm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="975936807110FF8BFF672A405F02F930" blockId="6.[151,1437,1299,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism strong. Females are stocky built and short legged, males are slender built, long legged spiders (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057110FF8BFF5B2A655DF0FAEB" box="[251,395,1334,1359]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1103,1126]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,189,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[140,1424,175,1092]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Living spiders of the genus Cteniza. 33, Ct. moggridgei (female, 20/04/05.4, Gorbio Alpes Maritimes); 34, Ct. sauvagesi (female, field recording by P. Rizzo Calabria); Ct. moggridgei (male, 20/04/05.5, Gorbio Alpes Maritimes); Ct. sauvagesi (male, field recording by P. Rizzo Calabria)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625590/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Figs. 33–36</figureCitation>
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). Females have smooth shiny carapace with a strongly elevated cephalic-part gradually sloping down to the fovea, in males the carapace is finely sculptured, has a thickened lateral and caudal rim while the elevation of the cephalic-part is much reduced (
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<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057110FF8BFD402A2D5F17FA33" box="[736,876,1406,1431]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–42" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[169,1429,358,1005]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[155,1429,351,1005]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41–42. Sexual dimorphic carapace structure in lateral view within Cteniza. 41, Ct. sauvagesi (female, AR4224, Corsica); 42, Ct. sauvagesi (male, Riz.008). Note high elevated cephalic part steeply sloping to the fovea and smooth, shining cuticle in female (41) and finely sculptured, dull cuticle with thick lateral/caudal rim and reduced elevation of the cephalic part in male. Scale bars= 2mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625594/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Figs. 41–42</figureCitation>
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). Females furthermore have “leg-like” palps with groups of strong spines on the ventral lateral tarsus and tibia, males palp have slender, strongly elongated palps, unarmed except for a spine-group on the dorsal cymbium. Females have spines only on the three distal segments of all legs and on patella III, males have spines on all leg-segments. Females have groups of cuspules on the proximal maxillae and distal labium. In males, maxillary and labial cuspules are absent or strongly reduced. Females have simple, tripartite spermathecae, “mushroom” shaped receptacles with densely glandular ring separating the proximal and ‘donut-shaped’ distal part (
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<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057110FF8BFDCD29055EC8F9CB" box="[621,691,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,750,773]" captionTargetBox="[292,1310,192,723]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,183,730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Methods of measurement of sexual characters. 1, Bulb (C. sauvagesi, male, Isaia.133, Calabria) measures in standard ventral view. BuL: bulb length. EmL: embolus length. BuW bulb width. 2, Spermathecae (C. moggridgei, female, NHMB.002, Liguria) in ventral view. Int: internal distance receptacles. Ext: external distance receptacles. LRL and RRL: lengths of the left and right receptacle. Scale bars= 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625576/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) In males the palpal organ is simple pyriform with long slender, gradually curved embolus with tiny apical scoop (
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<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057110FF8BFD6729285F6FF937" box="[711,788,1659,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,750,773]" captionTargetBox="[292,1310,192,723]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,183,730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Methods of measurement of sexual characters. 1, Bulb (C. sauvagesi, male, Isaia.133, Calabria) measures in standard ventral view. BuL: bulb length. EmL: embolus length. BuW bulb width. 2, Spermathecae (C. moggridgei, female, NHMB.002, Liguria) in ventral view. Int: internal distance receptacles. Ext: external distance receptacles. LRL and RRL: lengths of the left and right receptacle. Scale bars= 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625576/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0FDD2A057110FF8BFC8229285F16F930" box="[802,877,1659,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,698,721]" captionTargetBox="[223,1376,187,681]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[210,1377,181,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–28. Genus level diagnostic differences between Cteniza and Cyrtocarenum in the male bulb structure (standard ventral orientation). Left to right: 25, Ct. moggidgei (SHu.19.06.14, Alpes Maritimes); 26, Ct. sauvagesi (Isaia.134, Calabria); 27, Cy. cunicularium (GR80.11, Tinos); 28, Cy. grajum (GR.8.82.5, Kithira). Note the regular curve and tiny apical scoop (SC) in the embolus of the two Cteniza species and the robust distally bent and twisted embolus (tw) in the two Cyrtocarenum species. Scale bars= 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2625586/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="505">25–26</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |