137 lines
11 KiB
XML
137 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="1EE37C6A56D0F54C8E63AB3C701E42C0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Stylaster repandus Lindner & Cairns, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032765" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:255EF5E7-5BFA-428A-A5B9-CC47C1A28385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EE37C6A56D0F54C8E63AB3C701E42C0" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:255EF5E7-5BFA-428A-A5B9-CC47C1A28385" authority="Lindner & Cairns" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster repandus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="repandus">Stylaster repandus Lindner & Cairns</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="34" pageNumber="35">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C28A–M">A-C28A-M</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Holotype: 1 large dry male colony, and SEM stub 1504, USNM 1122740 (Fig. 27A-B). Paratypes:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.353333">52°21.20'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-171.04617">171°02.77'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 475 m, 1 Sep 2000, 1 dry female colony, and SEM stub 1505, USNM 1122739; Amukta Pass, depth unknown, 1996, 2 dry male colonies, USNM 1122741. Type locality.
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.29767">52°17.86'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-170.97133">170°58.28'W</geoCoordinate>
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(southeast of Amukta Island), 375 m, 12 Sep 2000.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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The specific name repandus (from the Latin, meaning "bent backwards",
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“undulate”">"undulate"</normalizedToken>
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) refers to the complexly folded coenosteal lamellae of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Types.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Colonies firmly attached to a hard substrate by a robust basal stem and encrusting base, the base being 9 cm in diameter and the basal stem 5 cm in diameter in the case of the holotype. Immediately above basal stem the colony divides into two or three lamellae (Fig. 27C), each lamella (or sheet) of coenosteum increasing its surface area by folding its surfaces into a complex three-dimensional structure similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Cyclohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclohelia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cyclohelia</taxonomicName>
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. Short (up to 15 mm) cylindrical branches project from plane of colony, but always in response to housing a parasitic spionid worm tube. Holotype (Fig. 27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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) 23 cm tall and 19 cm in width. Coenosteal lamellae thin at edge, only 2.0-2.5 mm thick, and thus easily damaged during collection; basal lamellae up to 10 mm in thickness. All colonies examined heavily infested with spionid worm tubes. Coenosteum reticulate-granular in texture, the strips being about 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, bordered by slits about 9-19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick; granules spinose. Coenosteum covered uniformly with small papillae (Fig. 28B). Coenosteum light orange, but central core a light shade of pink.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Cyclosystems equally common on both faces of lamellae, and even occur on lamellar edges, often arranged in transverse rows of up to 15 cyclosystems that parallel lamellar edge; diameter of cyclosystems 1.0-1.15 mm. Gastropore tube funnel-shaped near branch surface, and straight but constricted, the upper diameter being about 0.34 mm in diameter, the constriction corresponding to a diffuse ring palisade, the blunt elements being up to 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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tall and 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Gastrostyles lanceolate, pointed, and bear longitudinal, spinose ridges. Illustrated style (Fig. 28D) 0.53 mm in height and 0.26 mm in basal diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Cyclosystems almost flush with coenosteum, the dactylopore slits raised only slightly above coenosteum; dactylotomes 0.15-0.17 mm in width. Based on 74 cyclosystems the range of dactylopores per cyclosystem is 1-11 (average = 3.94 (σ = 2.05), and mode = 4). In many cyclosystems there is an adcauline diastema (Fig. 28E), often produced by the infilling of 1-3 adcauline dactylopores, these dactylopores becoming obsolete. Dactylostyles robust, composed of an almost unilinear arrangement of cylindrical, blunt to clavate elements up to 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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tall and 13-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (Fig. 28D, H,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
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ampullae (Fig. 28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
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) low swellings on coenosteum 0.9-1.1 mm in diameter (internal diameter 0.7-0.8 mm), each with a peripheral efferent pore 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter that faces upward. Male ampullae (Fig. 28I) densely arranged, superficially visible only as inconspicuous mounds 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter (internal diameter 0.4-0.5 mm), often with an irregularly shaped apical efferent pore about 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Among the 80 Recent species in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Appeltans, W" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="World Register of Marine Species." url="www.marinespecies.org" year="2001">Appeltans et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: www.marinespecies.org),
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster repandus" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="repandus">Stylaster repandus</taxonomicName>
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is the only one to have a lamellate growth form. It is very similar in growth form to
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Cyclohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclohelia lamellata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lamellata">Cyclohelia lamellata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora undulata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undulata">Errinopora undulata</taxonomicName>
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, and is one of five stylasterid species to have lamellate colonies (see Discussion of
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora undulata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undulata">Errinopora undulata</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Known only from three localities in the vicinity of Amukta Island, Aleutian Islands; 375-475 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |