198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.695.13320" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4651819a-2450-4709-8929-07ad25fd3ed4" ID-PMC="PMC5673834" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-695-37" ID-PubMed="29134006" ID-ZBK="F9D9BD3913464F188EA17572C480F300" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-695-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 695" ModsDocTitle="Cecidoniuspampeanus, gen. et sp. n.: an overlooked and rare, new gall-inducing micromoth associated with Schinus in southern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)" checkinTime="1504539825876" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moreira, Gilson R. P., Eltz, Rodrigo P., Pase, Ramoim B., Silva, Gabriela T., Bordignon, Sergio A. L., Mey, Wolfram & Goncalves, Gislene L." docDate="2017" docId="1EC65267E4CC59B5840BDA52B22813E2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 695: 37-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 695" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.695.13320" docTitle="Cecidonius Moreira & Goncalves, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="5029391A-325F-4BB4-A726-8D5F9FB78476" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="613A8A2DFF9BFFA1FFF2FF88FFB6F00C" masterDocTitle="Cecidoniuspampeanus, gen. et sp. n.: an overlooked and rare, new gall-inducing micromoth associated with Schinus in southern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668164770018" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cecidoniuspampeanus, gen. et sp. n.: an overlooked and rare, new gall-inducing micromoth associated with Schinus in southern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moreira, Gilson R. P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Eltz, Rodrigo P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pase, Ramoim B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silva, Gabriela T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bordignon, Sergio A. L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Goncalves, Gislene L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>695</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.695.13320</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.695.13320</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-695-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F9D9BD3913464F188EA17572C480F300</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="133170014" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5029391A-325F-4BB4-A726-8D5F9FB78476" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EC65267E4CC59B5840BDA52B22813E2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5029391A-325F-4BB4-A726-8D5F9FB78476" authority="Moreira & Goncalves" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Cecidonius Moreira &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="41">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius pampeanus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pampeanus">Cecidonius pampeanus</taxonomicName>
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Moreira &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
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, new species
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. bears several adult, pupal, larval, and gall features that in conjunction differentiate it from all cecidosid genera. Unlike other cecidosids, adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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have lateral cervical sclerites with anterior arms short and posterior ones with distal portion membranous. Females have a long ovipositor, bearing a large oviscapt cone with internal dorsal crest that extends cephalad within the seventh abdominal segment. In particular, they differ from those of the New Zealand
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Xanadoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanadoses" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanadoses</taxonomicName>
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that have a well-developed proboscis and five-segmented maxillary palpus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoare, RJB" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" pagination="47 - 57" title="Description of the New Zealand incurvarioid Xanadosesnielseni, gen. n., sp. n. and placement in Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS02024" volume="17" year="2003">Hoare and Dugdale 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) by having a vestigial proboscis and two-segmented maxillary palpus, among other characters. Unlike all species of the African
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Scyrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scyrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scyrotis</taxonomicName>
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that have forewings with four radial veins (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mey, W" editor="Mey, W" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana Memoir" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" pagination="31 - 48" title="Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera: Incurvarioidea)." volume="4" volumeTitle="The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia." year="2007">Mey 2007</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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has five R-veins. With the exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oliera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oliera</taxonomicName>
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, which has small rudiments of galea (
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<bibRefCitation author="Moreira, GRP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 19" title="Revalidation of Oliera Brethes (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) based on a redescription of O. argentinana and DNA analysis of Neotropical cecidosids." volume="3557" year="2012">Moreira et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), other South American cecidosids show no vestiges of such structures. However, adults of
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<taxonomicName genus="Cecidoniu" lsidName="Cecidoniu" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">Cecidoniu</taxonomicName>
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s have moderately well-developed galea. Contrary to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Oliera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oliera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oliera</taxonomicName>
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where the maxillary and labial palpi are respectively three- and two-segmented,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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has the reverse; that is, two- and three-segmented maxillary and labial palpi, respectively. The pupa of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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is unique among all described cecidosids (those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Scyrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scyrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scyrotis</taxonomicName>
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are unknown), by having a stout and truncate cocoon cutter, flanked at the base by a pair of small, similarly shaped processes. In addition, in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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pupae the anterior margin of abdominal terga bear strong, posteriorly directed, transversally aligned spines that are much smaller in other genera. The larva of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cecidonius</taxonomicName>
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is also unique in having long thoracic setae, compared to short abdominal ones. They have two pair of stemmata; there is one in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Xanadoses" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanadoses" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanadoses</taxonomicName>
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, and they are absent in other South American genera (larvae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Scyrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scyrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scyrotis</taxonomicName>
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are also unknown). Their woody, cylindrical galls are also unique, initially developing within swollen stems of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. weinmannifolius" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="weinmannifolius">S. weinmannifolius</taxonomicName>
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in southern Brazil. Later in ontogeny, they rupture the plant stem, thus growing externally. They are dehiscent, falling to the ground where pupation occurs. Contrary to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Scyrotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scyrotis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scyrotis</taxonomicName>
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(for detail, see von
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<bibRefCitation author="Noort, S van" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="62" pagination="153 - 172" title="Biology of Rhoophilusloewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with implications for the evolution of inquilinism in gall wasps." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00719.x" volume="90" year="2007">Noort et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), they do not exfoliate from the stem; they detach with their proximal base open, the corresponding orifice being clogged by larval feces.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Description of adults</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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(Figs 2-4). Male and female similar in size and color; the body is covered with uniform, faded copper-coloured scales. Small moth, forewing length 4.16-4.58 mm (n = 4). Head (Fig. 3A): frons and vertex smooth, with sutures weakly developed; vestiture consisting of a pair of latero-dorsal scale tufts curved forward over the frons. Scales slender, lamellar, suberect and scattered over labrum, haustellum, maxillary, and labial palpi. Eyes relatively large, rounded; vertical diameter ~ 2.0x, minimum interocular distance across frons. Antennae median (~ 0.7x length of forewing); scape smooth except for medium dense pecten; flagellum filiform, with slender scales scattered only over dorsal half; ventral half with several elongate sensilla ca. 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of flagellomere. Labrum greatly reduced. Pilifers and mandibles absent. Haustellum moderately developed (~2/3 labial palpi length). Maxillary palpi short, 2-segmented; ratios of segments from base ~1.0:1.4. Labial palpi 3-segmented, bent anteriorly and upward (~2/3 eye width in length); ratio of segments from base ~1.0:1.8:1.6. Thorax: Anterior arms of laterocervical sclerites (Fig. 3B) short; posterior arms with distal portion weakly melanised. Metafurca (Fig. 3D, E) with slender, elongate postero-dorsal apophyses, free from secondary arms; antero-dorsal apodemes
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="42" start="start">present</pageBreakToken>
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. Wings (Fig. 3C) lanceolate; microtrichia reduced in number; accessory cell present; retinaculum absent. Wing coupling consisting of ~20 frenular scales arising in two to three irregular rows near base of costa. Veins 13 in number, all reaching the margin; L/W index ~2.9; Sc ending near midpoint of wing margin, radius with 5 free branches, M 3-branched, CuA 2-branched, CuA1 and M3 well separated from each other basally, CuP faint distally and not stalked with 1A+2A. Hindwing: ~0.8 forewing in length, L/W index ~2.9; Sc and R stalked and ending distally at midpoint of wing margin, Rs unbranched, M 3-branched, M1 and M2 well separated, CuA 2-branched, CuA1 and M3 well separated, CuP faded, not stalked with 1A+2A. Legs (Fig. 3F) with spurs 0-2-4; epiphysis present. Tibial length proportion (anterior / medium / posterior legs) ~ 0.6:0.7:1.0. Abdomen: Sternum 2 with broad, U-shaped caudal rim; tergosternal connection absent. Male with remaining pre-genital segments unmodified. Female with abdominal segment A7 ~ 4x the length of A6; caudal margin bearing a dense ring of stout, elongate setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 2. Pinned-dried
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pampeanus" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="pampeanus">C. pampeanus</taxonomicName>
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adults, dorsal view: A male (holotype, LMCI 188-4) B female paratype (LMCI 188-6). Scale bars: 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius pampeanus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pampeanus">Cecidonius pampeanus</taxonomicName>
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adult morphology under light microscopy. A head, anterior view B lateral cervical sclerites, anterior; C fore- and hindwing venation, dorsal D metathoracic furcasternum, posterior (closed arrow points to left furcal apophysis) E metathoracic furcasternum in detail, lateral (asterisk indicates left furcal apophysis) F fore-, median- and hindlegs, from left to right, respectively. Scale bars: 0.25 (A, D); 0.1 mm (B); 1 mm (C, F); 0.2 mm (E).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Male genitalia (Fig. 4A, B). Uncus moderately bilobed. Socii consisting of a pair of setigerous, dorsally directed lobes. Valva long and slender, with an elongate pectinifer along ventral margin extending ~ distal half-length of valva. Vinculum Y-shaped. Phallus (Fig. 4B) simple, slender, and tubular, rosette-like shaped anteriorly; vesica without cornuti. Juxta (Fig. 4B) elongate (~ 2/3 phallus length), slender, slightly spatulate distally and encircling phallus caudally. Saccus stout and tubular, ~ 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of valve.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Female genitalia (Fig. 4C, D). Oviscapt cone (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Kristensen, NP" editor="Kristensen, NP" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Scientifique Hermann et Cie, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" title="2: Morphology, Physiology, and Development. Handbook of zoology 4 (36), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin" url="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110893724.39" year="2003">Kristensen 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="San Blas, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="371 - 384" title="Redescription of Dicranosescapsulifex Kieffer and Joergensen (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) with description of the immature stages and biology." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.9" volume="3682" year="2013">San Blas and Davis 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) present, with internal dorsal crest long, reaching the anterior portion of tergum seven. Anterior apophyses long, extending beyond fifth abdominal segment. Posterior apophyses ~1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of anterior apophyses, and with anteriorly attached apodemes of similar width. Posterior apophyses are caudally fused to form an acute ovipositor, whose apex is compressed and sagittate, the lateral ridge bearing minute serrations. A typical primitive monotrysian reproductive system, with cloaca and vestibulum each bearing a pair of slender apodemes that extend anteriorly within abdominal segment 7; vestibulum without sclerotized structures; ductus and corpus bursae membranous, the latter saculiform, without signum; spermatheca connected to small, saculiform utriculus by a slightly coiled, afferent canal.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Cecidonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cecidonius pampeanus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pampeanus">Cecidonius pampeanus</taxonomicName>
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genitalia morphology under light microscopy. A schematic representation of male genitalia, lateral view (left valve omitted) B dissected male genitalia, ventral, with detached phallus and juxta, on left and right side, respectively C female genitalia, dorsal D schematic representation of female genitalia, latero-dorsal. Roman numbers indicate abdominal segments. Oviscapt cone is represented in light gray in D. Arrows point to the end of left anterior apophysis in C, and to the apodeme of posterior apophysis in D. Asterisks indicate internal dorsal crest of oviscapt cone in C and D. Open and closed arrow heads point, respectively, to posterior apophyses and cloacal apodemes in D. Abbreviations: cb corpus bursae; cl cloaca; co common oviduct; sp spermatheca; rt rectum; vt vestibulum; ut utriculus of spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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The genus name is derived from a composition between the Portuguese
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<taxonomicName genus="Cecidia" lsidName="Cecidia" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">Cecidia</taxonomicName>
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(a gall; from the Greek,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="kekídion">kekidion</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with Don (an English nickname). Thus, the generic name means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Don`s">"Don's</normalizedToken>
|
||
gall", named after Donald Davis from the Smithsonian Institution, USA, in recognition of his great contribution to the development of world lepidopterology, and in particular for having kindly introduced the first author to the study of Neotropical cecidosids a few years ago. The name is to be treated as masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |