treatments-xml/data/1D/A5/A0/1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119.xml

327 lines
34 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="53528" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1955fd6-7616-4b63-a4fa-0d60894268b0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars &amp; Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Macromesus Walker 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1732646478321" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="FFB9F6EAFFC0055D79814EF50F008CD5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B642E81998E396752616E98A2C48EC94">
<mods:title id="B8150E3CCE4F8CD48DDCED2232085059">From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2D7890EB9C568834B7E8F083F3498ED1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="12EE4543DEB8DFDF51195573F60460E9">
<mods:roleTerm id="17DBED9383EE7B0B8A82D16868E3F4D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E7620AF084A8004AAB4851A2F5F72E9F">Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC383BCE7FD9578938417702CD5187EC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3D589714DAC7A85EC4FB5E30F5A052C1">Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="66ED2F6BEBF1B4BC9AFCA8DFCC48FD7C" type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2FD3EEA206DFAE2F6553C54EA194D868" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D16F457036146A3BF7DC414088ECC774">
<mods:roleTerm id="54E5BFF80FB828991AD18E14C8483D0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6DD66BC458BEF44EFC76FBC8CD33D52B">Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3828202B199C06E28C09D8EE3119E9F5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F39126585EC87B3F8A4695F921C685A4">Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B4D972561E9F0BF38D1E825C763B2785" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4A1D9AE1A5688ED28D783A6AD34BEC33">
<mods:roleTerm id="3C7801EC77915E49D71924E886A4CB7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EEDB2C05D15DE6D85C096FC62A2CC883">Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="57091913CAA31D767E13D36CB4EA230A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B2F28D1AAC50B9EB5A38049159CED304">Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E9E39BFC34C9AE53832F24927817D9D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FE4C77615F6C7B55E14DB0ACEC393EBE">
<mods:roleTerm id="12127245C2C4AED31F6D68A04368DEC5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04A369CBC02A110BA5B565A0AF3C9185">Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F51475C8EEEC276A44F22841A0D87FC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="99A11C38A44AD2DB197086AE67FC3391">Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7C936AE618AAA8660F4F1D21C3CF764F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="91188F47720CE3B687D3819FD200577D">
<mods:roleTerm id="9328DA2AAA964C34AD2EB5E9C7BAF9EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D84BE1A16190B621E7A1815FAEA61BA5">Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F56BBB83E469C2386A1735B291ABF8CD" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B54C53CC2476CCC7A0723353EA1A05F0">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5E0CD4D1BD8A609CAB8F50D467DE980A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D96E237BE8A70834C076D8771AB13AF3">
<mods:roleTerm id="50EEC5F295526600D13F278815672916">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33CA2771EB5A12AF5F871B48DFC91185">Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6A92103B2611DECEB9965F8E6EA81BE0">Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B0DA54D5114EBB3A2C8D6360E50CE3A8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AB2233FE6FB8BA26E733301714B2F6D4">
<mods:roleTerm id="5424971C392C50B7623C9FEB8F363DE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CA006D06EF3E3F7A242C78ED1CA395C0">Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5901A3673D2B4E31A020C1CC9744CE01" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DEF9D722B7BA55C3C0293DE87FEE30A4">Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="476DB072D8E2E94565035E97191DB21E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EE0203B142314D64C64F1F9F7AA0EB5D">
<mods:roleTerm id="29F63BFFE84E53B527A23543DAAE0936">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="228B493109121DA6C801AA663C96EF3B">Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="51B446C9B50AC1194AB58DA8D077E607">Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C76855D3446B46E41974948492A14F75" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5563AFF746C081BD6955ABBB24910555">
<mods:roleTerm id="484DCE105BD7CA539D1944B66CAA3986">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="387F9919EBCAC395B8A8CF914523E89D">Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C9DD0049E312E86C7ADB39F865C0326D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E786FBA46F09CA637BEC7B25BF503624">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="254FF663364F9706602C2D85B31B61CE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7642D8F2AFEFAFF9C7CEF6E5EB947F6B">
<mods:roleTerm id="54A36E6B0B3BE00525EC082C1F1A2BF9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CD2AADCA91BDFDA2121C4DFFB097CF09">Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C7383408BB499B8F92603DBF52F9BD6">Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B2DC126876F6AFAB4AC83B74E1769EE8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="004D0E3CCF3729D56393927503BD5DB6">
<mods:roleTerm id="5EA1B00DBE0574177B3DC0EBFC7E17E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CEAB0AE5C800441CD105E2EC18F24C03">van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0110F50CF4173572290860524F5ABBDA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5178859EF8DCD59E6E951D9C9F8CCED6">Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EFBD3064B32A42C7F8DE3139C5B9DAFD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F02DDE6488B68DA580AEB0EC409A8F77">
<mods:roleTerm id="60FFFDD7604DA5BF4EE64AF4E76275B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5083688288CDB5438CEC4733AF2B40B8">Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4CB2B8A3F1B77DFE9653C82CAC16BD3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="42B3B05882AC4684F4CA3EE002F57D39">Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland &amp; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="07A082228F6047ECB2B98B3900E81A0C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8650F019A2C67446DE25BDE746EDFC91">
<mods:roleTerm id="CC8C186EA9FCE07547A57133BFFDC711">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B4B17C9714D613AF869BB97120D3A055">Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB3E1B9151F2007CEEF65481D12980D7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DDF4330B66E5984F5EB48AD0B6B71A0B">CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FF3234ACAEAFD749FF79B02106EB4B65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A59030E6081093DF89DFEABA376C2AFC">
<mods:roleTerm id="14EFF50FA485545FF14667BC40EFC1EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EB7B5EA437F6EAAAA0506BC4AAF1BEE9">Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4256F1F5805A9C8E975DBF1E424C8B67">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada &amp; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4EE996A5FBE72D94CFA0CD20EFCF62A8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="370E78B62B8935353E9F6E7FDF3E4364">
<mods:roleTerm id="179A7107EEBACACAB74FBEA90A6AD7A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F1F504895CF7B6A1AF0C8C86474EB877">Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="52BEFD87006306159E14EF212B48C53F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="08B7DEC67C61168F4C63471470F6A0E0">Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="306EF4637A33E9CDDCFF7DC71147C917" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2E6892A82CD9DBD6D313A3D4EBB326A4">
<mods:roleTerm id="EEB62742DCD2A1769D762823ACCD6732">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E6401D98B374CC316E77C18D9D88EC0D">Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DF353B216CECEEFB46FFCD1B28E89B13">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8F5F04FEAF37E5312572533630FF6988" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5452F4408391AB9539E01E4CBF650AA2">
<mods:roleTerm id="36B1BA8DD72FB152DA5A4DD43896C5F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="83059D18F748854AB39898A7FCD81C0E">Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DBDBF81DB3BB4A2E5B3402184CA18A30" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A62E515132D76A1FFA241D5059976F7F">Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1643FC01881598E13F461AC1A8A2D154" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F08A35BFCEC451DF2B1BC3C54CB07DBD">
<mods:roleTerm id="4728CEE9E104A5818F0438C00D19D5F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1A34E660C27F57924BA5BE443DCD5CAD">Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5D3FC3E7DC706C773442627EABAFE22" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="96BEA360824953917638697AFB09EABC">CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B2D6660D8835C2D668CFD8D51C28C674">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C0DB06219ECF673F4336E07197C3E225" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5F631D6D510D3227B547BDEAB31B2DCD">
<mods:title id="88A34746BB712B6AC957ADC5D95E9528">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="75B5686D057FB5971A5806FB9DF7824A">
<mods:date id="71605EC4F0477249D2ED732296F25415">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4F8F5E8712E250A00449F20F2AE1B0AB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EBFE86F4ECD3CE2824F59FF6B0FBBE48">2022-12-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="27CDC4962DA978ABB0D5455DAD40771B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5AFEEBAA70684DACF503907C85F37F04">94</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="140A114B307DAA910B6377CFCAB11C5E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4D0F8E54ED4B1EC3EAFDADFA08E5372E">13</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F359C331489B97393B883F4634798C62">88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="BB2AA8146B7D093A4BAC694CDEF294F5">
<mods:url id="BF15712B2459F85A22E67DA7D25FFB32">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="574F12E90046F1EC292128B228C8DA56">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EAC13E7818E95E694758C5ACA4016F54" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38CC82D56F68D7A1B5EE81DBDD125387" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BFFD9B417444889EE677F06FDD9BD480" type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="73249805CB0EFA8D18335941D8D97E49" type="Pensoft-UUID">ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206461159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Chalcidoidea">
<subSubSection id="6B754B07116EA949398A44136FF14998" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3AD282869ECCAD7DFFBBF01692A37F16" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="15C6AC32BEADBB338B4C20E013DD70E4" ID-CoL="CB9PG" LSID="1DA5A082-EC3F-5BD8-B67A-A73255BB7119" authority="new status" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Melanosomellidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Melanosomellidae new status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="575440741CCE12364003764B7921C5DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7B927C991A66619D4C169A4EA406B6A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="09BA1245D69ADC254F3905506900B60A" class="Insecta" family="Melanosomellidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanosomellini">Melanosomellini</taxonomicName>
Girault, 1913. Type genus:
<taxonomicName id="C52F31E3F5A38D689C84B622039AD0CD" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Melanosomellidae" genus="Melanosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanosomella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melanosomella</taxonomicName>
Girault, 1913.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE93532841CE63B57E8CA4F6CBBFCFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="038226E69DD5E7DE5686A7C3EFA2B38E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAC7C9A3A05D8614D068C4CC8F643B8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, including a small 4th clavomere. Eyes not divergent ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF725CA3803902CB71DC740E3FE7EC6C" captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">35</figureCitation>
). Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden, flexible. Mandibles with 3 teeth. Subforaminal bridge with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge, or with a short apparent postgenal bridge immediately dorsal to the hypostoma. Notauli complete. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated laterally, either without axillular sulcus or carina, or with it greatly reduced and incomplete (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AFB579AC68FE9D194F58ECA4377405E6" captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
). Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3A779BEB7D0C26E84DC490A68A03BC1F" captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium, and rigidly convex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="591B00F263972D70A8EE15962C38E505" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="64069225566714F87A5B979B65BC1322" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C74D442E4F22795E5B2013B04CDCAEF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="D949C12D6A20FE4D3B8F60437F79CD7A" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
typically have a linear mesopleural sulcus that is more distinct than in most other
<taxonomicName id="1672302115861886A0420C99456A1198" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="48952C66B73BDEA3DE28761271155DC5" captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
), although this feature also occurs in various species from other families. There is a strong chance of confusion of
<taxonomicName id="B9343DFAB5CA5F1D3E2EFBCEC26C3485" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="7B3E2CADB9AC936B0B9AF3BDC99086F9" family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ADC533DA1648A6F805ACABA624BE692F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Ormyridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ormyridae</taxonomicName>
, members of the Gall Clade (Cruaud et al., submitted, van Noort et al., in prep.).
<taxonomicName id="E9A2A96A4EC879D6196C8FFC7FBB826C" family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
are very similar to
<taxonomicName id="10131F293A561A4DF8F98D446E3FE2C0" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
in habitus, but have different fore wing venation, with a nearly straight stigmal vein arising at a right angle from the wing margin. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="004E6C47179AAD9D30810F47BB92C4FF" family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
are strictly associated with
<taxonomicName id="9EF9636F10C10B79A4581EB219551649" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1015578DC4E74A8EAA85783F04F70BD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="090ACF08EBFC0477B0F328CD334B22CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) as gall-makers either within figs or on leaves and twigs.
<taxonomicName id="E528C8D0FE5C2FFD8C5AF12F6B21ED4B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Ormyridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ormyridae</taxonomicName>
are also very similar to
<taxonomicName id="A37248157C000D1039A4DD2189F99BB9" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
but have an occipital carina.
<taxonomicName id="E94A78EEB215418FFE01288D7D2307DF" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
almost always have a distinct and complete axillular sulcus or carina. In species where this may not be the case, such as
<taxonomicName id="59F385B5D92AAFF9C0FDA6D03AEADA17" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Nikolskayana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nikolskayana mirabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="576265ABA0659133D3CD524B425BF1B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Nikolskayana mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="CC88630628282D84AA3BDC8CA624DA5F" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, the notauli are incomplete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB6C2947EA2F596EF6B73C96B8231D5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B4D3EFC30A2FA46F2CBFBC480DDDFB82" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A60D08446DC75DB826C170EA3886FC57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead is very similar to other genera classified in
<taxonomicName id="F10FC9AC95892EB9518801574332CEB0" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
, but molecular data (Cruaud et al., submitted) indicate that it may not belong inside this group. However, the only morphological features that imperfectly separate it from most
<taxonomicName id="9FF1AF4031353EF0A824D041CB3389A0" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
are a large supracoxal flange on the posterior margin of the propodeum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EFA487E93B069F8A135392A17B002998" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 37 - 42. 37 Encyrtocephalus sp. (Melanosomellidae): propodeum and supracoxal flange 38 Hansonita pertusae Boucek (Melanosomellidae): venation 39 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): antenna 40 Moranila viridivertex (Girault) (Moranilidae): mesosoma lateral view 41 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): mesosoma ventral view 42 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head lateral view and antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">37</figureCitation>
) and a distinctly curved stigmal vein. These features are shared with a few other melanosomellid genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4654F51BA62C831AD9F20FA36CBEDEE0" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Alyxiaphagus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alyxiaphagus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D762E65EDD0FE0F47E1EAADF7C9CDBFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Alyxiaphagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Riek, with intermediates that would make diagnosis either very difficult or impossible. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="78BD83920D9AF7EF5223CBA21E0BBFAE" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3056D16649E559F5A42B67E8D2F667BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is kept in
<taxonomicName id="595FBF4C8EAC38D2CC49415521DAB071" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="65F1B954E1C953759C64173DAD3ECB5D" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 3742" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="BE14CABEE23CB9D97CD87AE655F1CE63" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="2B2549675D3D736B27137B3D80CD68D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 37-42.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="946D80B6EEAA31865DB4F62A1619EE43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">37</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EA2590609A758B19509C69D2BD021952" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD70E24AD4849A8A1F37C093D194DC83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="8CB5076ADEB499C323298CF891584C19" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
): propodeum and supracoxal flange
<emphasis id="FD74513B4FA195823A873BDC015BDD50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">38</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6FC1BA365FF2A8FB7A58DFBDF4A53E7F" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Hansonita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hansonita pertusae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusae">
<emphasis id="5CA5B7B69CAC2C049E262929356B93A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Hansonita pertusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="06248E94EAA2A91C86E30A8CC68C3C2D" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="D4445EE347B29B5784223B5A193FB84B" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
): venation
<emphasis id="FD202E49184BF3A57B3653FCFC59DC66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">39</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7D1A251C6531E8B13AC4412EE0F5601A" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="F689D74B616DF6AA2CB64FA7A5D44B48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Howard) (
<taxonomicName id="ACCA7656C7B37E5C4012E3C59533C4E5" family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): antenna
<emphasis id="D8C2AF2DF0B0F1F30196B8E081FD1AB8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">40</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5901CCF05045B4F25F74C3690E6ABD47" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila viridivertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridivertex">
<emphasis id="2608D4C510E789FED9D72ACA45FCBE2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila viridivertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Girault) (
<taxonomicName id="53DDB17A1260388344804D2ED72E764E" family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma lateral view
<emphasis id="168F4E114EA26FCCC7F29B923FC33D94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">41</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11E902A8AF5C9763524B0DA62681DDA0" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="35E1027712CB7655DF6B9159F8068546" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Howard) (
<taxonomicName id="B0AD1551793500A7F5942691ABD4BD6C" family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma ventral view
<emphasis id="412A503DFA69F2B5E15B243336939231" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">42</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B2D71BC6F7F3B6620903846610E8748" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Neodiparidae" genus="Neodipara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodipara masneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri">
<emphasis id="629607F3A065E0803819BF306E07BF5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neodipara masneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="5E45FAA228FFE81D35DE84B329C9F93A" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="A1D2DFE98C91D39AE7D8735279183EFA" family="Neodiparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neodiparidae</taxonomicName>
): head lateral view and antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="030727C43AB7EFFB5018E539DD0B36C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
The fig associate species
<taxonomicName id="FB950FCDA1ACDA6A72FB3485E3E9AD14" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Hansonita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hansonita pertusae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusae">
<emphasis id="22D177D540713FA4600DC4A4AAEA28EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Hansonita pertusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="25AE519B677661E792ED3FADC3F32B4F" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
new placement is transferred here because its fore wing venation resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="864A5BD341C2288A75B8703640CF89AC" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="FD77936D16A19C9B5A755F1AC2FA4050" captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 37 - 42. 37 Encyrtocephalus sp. (Melanosomellidae): propodeum and supracoxal flange 38 Hansonita pertusae Boucek (Melanosomellidae): venation 39 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): antenna 40 Moranila viridivertex (Girault) (Moranilidae): mesosoma lateral view 41 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): mesosoma ventral view 42 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head lateral view and antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">38</figureCitation>
) more strongly than that of
<taxonomicName id="7BFB9DF018EB60981BCFB918A08A6993" family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
or other fig associates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>