347 lines
36 KiB
XML
347 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.13864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66d00e05-4661-47cc-8e29-33c0c74af079" ID-PMC="PMC5806487" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-726-25" ID-PubMed="29430205" ID-ZBK="34CFE889FD194ED6B9FED961AEA5D108" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-726-25" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 726" ModsDocTitle="Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog Dendropsophusparviceps with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae)" checkinTime="1515437304006" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rivadeneira, C. Daniel, Venegas, Pablo J. & Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2018" docId="1D68D8BC3D2161660DAC8D417C51E853" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 726: 25-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 726" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.13864" docTitle="Dendropsophus kubricki Rivadeneira, Venegas & Ron, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C3677ED1-80E2-412C-A6EE-2949E6C1BB8B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFB8511B992D2811FF8CFFD1FFC9FF9C" masterDocTitle="Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog Dendropsophusparviceps with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668165269214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog Dendropsophusparviceps with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Rivadeneira, C. Daniel</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>726</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>77</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.13864</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.13864</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-726-25</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">34CFE889FD194ED6B9FED961AEA5D108</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">34CFE889FD194ED6B9FED961AEA5D108</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139669253" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3677ED1-80E2-412C-A6EE-2949E6C1BB8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D68D8BC3D2161660DAC8D417C51E853" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C3677ED1-80E2-412C-A6EE-2949E6C1BB8B" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="21" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Figs 1, 7C, 13, 14
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
|
|
CORBIDI 15778, an adult male from Peru, Loreto Department, Requena Province, Campamento Wishuincho-Rio Tapiche (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1914">7.1914°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.9781">73.9781°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 120 m above sea level, collected on 11 October 2014 by P. J. Venegas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" type="paratypes">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="46">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="21" pageNumber="46">
|
|
Nine adult males and an adult female from Peru, Loreto Department, Requena Province, Campamento Wishuincho-Rio Tapiche (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1914">7.1914°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.9781">73.9781°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
),
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="47" start="start">120</pageBreakToken>
|
|
m above sea level: CORBIDI 15775 77, adult males, collected on 9 October 2014 by P. J. Venegas; CORBIDI 15779 84, adult males, collected on 12 October 2014 by P. J. Venegas; CORBIDI 15785, adult female, collected on 12 October 2014 by P. J. Venegas. Three adult males and four adult females from Peru, Loreto Department, Requena Province, Sierra del Divisor (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-6.9187">6.9187°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.8461">73.8461°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 500 m above sea level: CORBIDI 3762, 3970, 3983, adult males, collected in January 2009 by R. Santa Cruz; CORBIDI 2281, adult female, collected on 1 November 2008 by
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="D." lsidName="D." pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">D.</taxonomicName>
|
|
Vasquez; CORBIDI 3743 44, 3780, adult females, collected in January 2009 by R. Santa Cruz.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="referred specimens">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Referred specimens.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
An adult male and three adult females from Peru, San Martin Department, Picota Province, Area de Conservacion Municipal Chambira (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.0375">7.0375°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.09">76.0900°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 679 m above sea level: CORBIDI 8863, adult male, collected on 27 November 2010 by P. J. Venegas; CORBIDI 8861 62, 8864, adult females, collected on 27 November 2010 by P. J. Venegas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
The specific name
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Stanley Kubrick, an American filmmaker who is one of the most brilliant and influential film directors of all time. We dedicate this species to him for his legacy to film culture and science fiction.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Throughout the species description, coloration refers to preserved specimens unless otherwise noted. The new species is assigned to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dendropsophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on our phylogenetic results (Fig. 1) and the overall similarity with
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
and other species of the genus (Figs 13 14).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a medium-sized species, relative to other species in the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
group and is characterized by the following combination of traits: (1) size sexually dimorphic; mean SVL 19.4 mm in males (range 18.3 20.1; n = 14), 26.0 mm in females (range 22.0 28.4; n = 8); (2) throat with white flecks posteriorly in males and white blotch with stripes posteriorly in females (Fig. 14); (3) snout truncate in dorsal view, rounded and inclined posteroventrally in lateral view; (4) nostrils slightly prominent; (5) tympanum distinct, rounded, concealed posterodorsally, tympanic membrane non-differentiated and annulus evident; (6) low tubercles on upper eyelid can be distinct or ill-defined; (7) thoracic fold slightly evident or indistinct; (8) ulnar tubercles and outer tarsal tubercles low; (9) axillary membrane present; (10) skin on dorsal surfaces smooth with scattered tubercles mainly on head; skin on throat areolate, skin on chest, belly, posterior surfaces of thighs, and subcloacal area coarsely areolate; (11) dark brown markings on dorsum consisting of chevrons and transverse blotches in variable arrangements (Fig. 14); (12) thenar tubercle distinct; (13) hand webbing formula II1-?2+III1-?1-IV, foot webbing formula I1-?2-II1-?2-III1- 2IV2?1-V; (14) in life, dorsal surfaces reddish brown, brown, or grayish tan; (15) orange to amber blotch on the proximal ventral surface of shanks and under arms, from the axillae to near elbow, in life (white to creamy white in preserved); (16) one suborbital white bar present both in life and preserved; (17) anterodorsal surfaces of thighs are black to dark brown with two or three white spots, both in life and preserved; (18) iris in life is reddish brown, brown or silver gray.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Figure 13. Dorsolateral and ventral views of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. in life: A, B Holotype, adult male, from Rio Tapiche, Requena, Peru (CORBIDI 15778) C, D Adult male from Rio Tapiche, Requena, Peru (CORBIDI 15782) E Adult male from Jenaro Herrera, Requena, Peru (not collected) F Adults, pair in amplexus from Jenaro Herrera, Requena, Peru (not collected).Dorsolateral and ventral views of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. in life: G, H Adult female from Jenaro Herrera, Requena, Peru (not collected) I, J Adult female from Area de Conservacion Municipal Chambira, Picota, Peru (CORBIDI 8864) K Adult female from Tarapoto, San Martin, Peru (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-6.4306">6.4306°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.2903">76.2903°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 600 m, not collected) L Adults, pair in amplexus from Area de Conservacion Municipal Chambira, Picota, Peru (CORBIDI 8864 63). Photographs by P. J. Venegas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Figure 14. Adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. showing variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens. From left to right, first and second rows: CORBIDI 15780, 15775, 15784, 15777 (males); third and fourth rows: CORBIDI 15779, 8863 (males), 2281, 15785 (females); fifth and sixth rows: CORBIDI 8862, 8864 (females). See Appendix 1 for locality data. Scale bar 10 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="47">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="22" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
is most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
by its larger size
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="48" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Fig. 2; see Morphological comparisons), lower dominant frequency in advertisement call (Fig. 4A B, E F; see Bioacoustic comparisons), throat with white flecks or white medial spot posteriorly in males, both in life and preservative (dark flecks posteriorly in males both in life and preservative in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and scattered low tubercles on the upper eyelids (smooth in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
by lacking a prominent conical tubercle on the distal edge of the upper eyelid (present in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
; Fig. 12).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
also differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a more rounded snout in profile (Fig. 12).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from other species of the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
group (sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) by having, in life, an orange blotch on the proximal ventral surface of
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="49" start="start">shanks</pageBreakToken>
|
|
and arms [orange blotches are absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Goin, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="721 - 724" title="Description of a new frog of the genus Hyla from northwestern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908655758" volume="2" year="1960">Goin 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. counani" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Motta, AP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="18 - 30" title="A new species of the Dendropsophusparviceps group from the western Amazon Basin (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="3249" year="2012">Motta et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. koechlini" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="koechlini">D. koechlini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" title="Two new treefrogs of the Hylaparviceps group from the Amazon Basin in southern Peru." volume="45" year="1989">Duellman and Trueb 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)].
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
also resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. pauiniensis" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="pauiniensis">D. pauiniensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but it differs by the presence of an orange blotch on the proximal ventral surface of shanks (absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. pauiniensis" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="pauiniensis">D. pauiniensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Heyer, WR" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="141 - 162" title="Taxonomic notes on frogs from the Madeira and Purus rivers, Brasil." volume="31" year="1977">Heyer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="49">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="24" pageNumber="49">
|
|
Adult male (Fig. 7C), SVL 19.0 mm. Head as wide as body, slightly wider than long, widest below eyes; snout truncate and short in dorsal view, moderately rounded and slightly inclined posteroventrally in lateral view; loreal
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="50" start="start">region</pageBreakToken>
|
|
concave; lips thin; internarial region slightly concave; nostrils slightly protuberant dorsally and laterally; interorbital area flat; tympanum rounded and distinct, tympanic annulus evident, tympanic membrane non-differentiated, supratympanic fold thin, covering tympanum posterodorsally. Arms slender, not hypertrophied; axillary membrane extending along proximal one third of arm; ulnar fold distinct, low ulnar tubercles present; fingers short, bearing small, round discs; relative length of fingers I <II <IV <III; subarticular tubercles small, round on fingers I and II, bifid on finger III, and divided on finger IV; supernumerary tubercles small, slightly evident; thenar tubercle distinct; palmar tubercle flat, round; webbing basal between fingers I and II; hand webbing formula II1-?2-III1- 1IV. Hindlimbs long, slender; tarsal fold absent, low outer tarsal tubercles present; calcar and heel tubercles absent; toes moderately long, bearing round discs, smaller than those of fingers; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV; subarticular tubercles small, round; supernumerary tubercles indistinct; inner metatarsal tubercle small, flat, elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; foot webbing formula I1- 2II1- 2III1- 2IV2 1-V. Skin on dorsum and head smooth with scattered tubercles, skin on dorsal surfaces of limbs, flanks and groins smooth; skin on venter, posterior surfaces of thighs and subcloacal area coarsely areolate; skin on chest and throat areolate; skin on other surfaces smooth. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at upper level of thighs; cloacal sheath short; cloacal folds and tubercles absent. Tongue cordiform, barely free posteriorly; dentigerous process of vomers small, prominent, adjacent medially, each bearing three and five vomerine teeth (left/right), positioned obliquely to choanae; choanae small, rounded; vocal slits long, extending from midlateral base of tongue to angle of jaws; vocal sac single, median, subgular.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="50" type="color of holotype in preservative">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="50">Color of holotype in preservative</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="50">(Fig. 7C). Dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs brownish gray with scattered reddish brown flecks with melanophores and leucophores on dorsum, dark brown markings on dorsum consisting of a median blotch anteriorly and transverse bar posteriorly; dark brown broad transverse bars on the forelimbs and shanks; snout brown dorsally; scapular region gray; thighs black with three white spots on the anterodorsal surfaces; one small white suborbital bar. Ventral surface of belly dark brown mottled with white anteriorly and with translucent white posteriorly and laterally; chest white; throat dark brown anteriorly and white with dark brown flecks posteriorly; ventral surfaces of the forelimbs translucent white; thighs translucent white anteriorly and dark brown posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="50">Measurements of holotype (in mm).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="50">SVL 19.0, HW 6.6, HL 6.3, END 1.8, IN 1.5, FL 9.1, TL 10.0, FL 7.3.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="25" pageNumber="50" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="50">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="25" pageNumber="50">
|
|
Morphometric variation of the paratype series is summarized in Table 3. Variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens is shown in Figure 14. Dorsal coloration in alcohol varies from gray (e.g., CORBIDI 15777) to grayish tan (e.g., CORBIDI 2281, 15775), reddish brown (e.g., CORDIBI 15779), brown (e.g., CORBIDI 8864), grayish brown (e.g., CORBIDI 15780), dark brown (e.g., CORBIDI 8862), or pinkish gray (e.g., CORBIDI 15785); some specimens have scattered reddish brown low tubercles and slightly black flecks (e.g., CORBIDI 15775, 15777, 15784). Occipital region with dark brown median blotch, one blotch in scapular region
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="51" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
|
dark brown transverse bar in sacral region extending onto flanks (e.g., CORBIDI 15779, 15780, 15784); some specimens have two)(shaped dorsolateral stripes beginning on the upper eyelids and ending on the posterior flanks (e.g., CORBIDI 8862, 8864). The dorsum has tubercles mainly on head and upper eyelid (e.g., CORBIDI 8864, 8861, 15776, 15785), but some specimens have a smooth dorsum without tubercles (e.g., CORBIDI 2281, 3744; Fig. 14). Some specimens have postrictal tubercles, posteroventrally to tympanic annulus (e.g., CORBIDI 15775, 15780).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">The venter of preserved specimens (Fig. 14) varies from black (e.g., CORBIDI 15780, 15785) to dark brown (e.g., CORBIDI 8864) with scattered white or creamy flecks. The throat anteriorly (Fig. 14) varies from brown (e.g., CORBIDI 8863, 15784), dark brown (e.g., CORBIDI 8862), grayish tan (e.g., CORBIDI 2281, 15775) to black (e.g., CORBIDI 15779, 15780) with white flecks (e.g., CORBIDI 15779), one irregular white stain (e.g., CORBIDI 2281, 8862) or stripes (e.g., CORBIDI 8864, 15785) posteriorly. The subcloacal area is white in most specimens (e.g., CORBIDI 15775, 15780, 15785), but it is black in some (e.g., CORBIDI 8862, 8863, 8864).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="51" type="color in life">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">Color in life.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">Based on digital photographs (Fig. 13): dorsum varies from reddish brown, brownish gray, brown to creamy tan suffused with gray and brown with scattered white flecks, with or without reddish brown or brown low tubercles; some individuals have few scattered dark brown flecks on the dorsum; flanks are white with black or dark brown vertical bars; dorsal markings are dark brown, some individuals are mustard brown dorsolaterally; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and shanks have dark brown transversal bars; anterodorsal surfaces of the thighs are black to dark brown with two or three spots. The single suborbital bar is white. The venter is black to dark brown mottled with translucent gray, and with white flecks anteriorly; some individuals have scattered white flecks on venter; chest is white; throat is brown, reddish brown, or dark brown with white flecks posteriorly in males (posterior part of throat with white blotch with or without stripes in females), some individuals have a white medial spot adjacent to the chest; the ventral surfaces of the limbs are translucent gray, the thighs are mottled with black or dark brown anteriorly; posteriorly the thighs are black with white flecks; the proximal ventral surface of shanks and arms, from the axillae to near the elbow, have an orange or amber blotch. The iris is reddish brown, brown, or silver gray.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="51" type="calls">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">Calls</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
(Fig. 4E?F). Descriptive statistics of acoustic variables are provided in Table 7. We recorded three males (two not collected and CORBIDI 15778) at Campamento Wishuincho-Rio Tapiche (Loreto Department, Requena Province, Peru) on 11 October 2014 at 12:53h and 12 October 2014 at 21:53h. We also recorded one male (not collected) at Cordillera Azul (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.8103">7.8103°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.9928">75.9928°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 725 m, San Martin Department, Picota Province, Peru).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="FEB939E866990A7F643D99CD974709D7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FEB939E866990A7F643D99CD974709D7" pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Table 7. Acoustic parameters of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (Central Clade). Mean
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
SD is given with range below. Sample sizes are number of calls. All frequencies are in Hz and durations in s.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<table pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">Rio Tapiche (n = 3)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">Cordillera Azul (n = 1)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">Combined (n = 4)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Table 8. Character loadings and eigenvalues for Principal Components (PC) I II. The analysis was based on seven acoustic variables from advertisement calls of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Northern Clade),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (Southern Clade), and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (Central Clade). Bold numbers indicate highest loadings.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<table pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="2">Variables</td>
|
|
<td colspan="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">PCA Advertisement call</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">PCI</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">PCII</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.48</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.59</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.40</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">0.43</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="51">The advertisement call is a pulsed note (Fig. 4E?F). The amplitude of the advertisement call increases gradually until three-quarters of the note duration to decrease abruptly until the end. This call may be followed by one or more click notes. These clicks sometimes are emitted alone. Moreover, the click notes are pulsed, except for the last one which is unpulsed.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="52" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
|
and ecology.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed in the Amazon basin in northeastern and central Peru (Fig. 9), at elevations between 106 (Jenaro Herrera) and 725 m (Cordillera Azul).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
was found in flooded forest. Specimens from Chambira were collected in a small pond in a Terra Firme forest. Males call at night while perching on leaves of bushes and trees. They were observed between 0.3 and 0.4 m above the water.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="52" type="conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">
|
|
Extent of occurrence (B1) is 53,548 km2.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in the following protected areas: Sierra del Divisor National Park, Cordillera Azul National Park, and Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area. Because its distribution range is large and occurs in protected areas, we recommend that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
is assigned to the Least Concern category, following
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="52">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
criteria.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="52">
|
|
Specimens from Chambira (Picota Province) are closely related to Rio Tapiche and Jenaro Herrera specimens (both localities from Requena Province) (Fig. 1); genetic distances between these populations are low (mean p-distances 1.3% in mitochondrial gene 12S). Therefore, we include them tentatively in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus kubricki" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubricki">Dendropsophus kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, individuals from Chambira and Tarapoto (Picota and San Martin provinces, respectively) show differences in coloration because their dorsal tubercles have the same color as the background, white flecks and reddish brown low tubercles on the dorsum and dorsal surfaces are absent both in life and preservative (present in Rio Tapiche and Jenaro Herrera individuals; Figs 13 14). In addition, there is segregation in acoustic space between advertisement calls from Cordillera Azul (Picota Province) and the type locality (Fig. 5; Table 7). Therefore, it is conceivable that they represent a separate species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |