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<mods:title id="CEAA2EEB09905CD59D85FA4B484D922A">The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C2C6360E2CE04673727F0D8B656C239">Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3178F953875ABE4CF95E1EC1D3368E37">Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Laboratorio de Ecología Espacial, Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A7B53D24B5460A3E2B7FE745ED2488B" type="email">lozanoceci@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FDB0AB361C8021B99B1FFDB43293392C">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="330A369A261F7FD499AE9E3813A7CFF4">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Currently at Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A264D93D0A06A92BDD756B6143CD4DE" type="email">mcupello@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="10E8D750C587E478A0A6731FB43B5087">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="16BA229332F480B1EA0117B4F40DC918">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1D50766630F152C8EF3BFB2A72580289" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14154759" ID-GBIF-Taxon="246297939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14154759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D50766630F152C8EF3BFB2A72580289" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D50766630F152C8EF3BFB2A72580289" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F152CFEF3BFB2A73040597" box="[556,1032,1165,1192]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEF3BFB2A73040597" blockId="171.[556,1032,1165,1228]" box="[556,1032,1165,1192]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="CE0E701C30F152CFEF3BFB2A73040597" box="[556,1032,1165,1192]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEF3BFB2A73040597" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" authority="Castelnau, 1840" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[556,1032,1165,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEF3BFB2A744F0598" bold="true" box="[556,835,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon spiniferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEE5CFB2A73040597" author="Castelnau" box="[843,1032,1165,1192]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref113936" refString="Castelnau, Comte de 1840. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules, annelides, crustaces, arachnides, myriapodes et insectes. Histoire naturelle des insectes coleopteres. Tome deuxieme. Dumenil, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47104" type="book" year="1840">Castelnau, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F152CFEFF1FB16744305F3" box="[742,847,1201,1228]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEFF1FB16744305F3" blockId="171.[556,1032,1165,1228]" box="[742,847,1201,1228]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<figureCitation id="0DC2DBF530F152CFEFF1FB16744305F3" box="[742,847,1201,1228]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="173.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[283,1304,278,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-12@173.[271,1317,265,1913]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="Fig. 65. Species distribution. A. Oxysternon spiniferum Castelnau, 1840. B. Phanaeus bispinus Bates, 1868. Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13945645/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Fig. 65A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F152C8EDAAFB54722D00B2" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEDAAFB54731A0410" blockId="171.[189,1399,1266,1398]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F152CFEDAAFB54731A0410" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEDAAFB5475B90433" author="Castelnau" box="[189,693,1266,1293]" page="83" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEDAAFB5475B90433" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" authority="Castelnau, 1840: 83" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,693,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDAAFB5476CB0433" box="[189,455,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon spiniferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECD9FB5575B90433" author="Castelnau" box="[462,693,1266,1292]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref113936" refString="Castelnau, Comte de 1840. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules, annelides, crustaces, arachnides, myriapodes et insectes. Histoire naturelle des insectes coleopteres. Tome deuxieme. Dumenil, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47104" type="book" year="1840">Castelnau, 1840: 83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description). Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFE971FB5573C90433" box="[1126,1221,1266,1292]" name="Guyana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Guyana</collectingCountry>
. Name-bearing type:
<typeStatus id="4A4279D230F152CFEC3CFAB17684040F" box="[299,392,1302,1328]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN), designated by
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFA4FAB274680410" author="Arnaud P." box="[691,868,1301,1327]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFA4FAB274680410" author="Arnaud P." box="[691,868,1301,1327]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref109834" refString="Arnaud P. 2003. Note complementaire sur la designation de Neotypes de Phanaeini. Besoiro 9: 2." type="journal volume" year="2003">Arnaud (2003)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEDAAFA9E73D90449" blockId="171.[189,1399,1266,1398]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F152CFEDAAFA9E73D90449" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEDAAFA9E740D046C" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[189,769,1336,1363]" page="119" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEDAAFA9E740D046C" ID-CoL="4BKCV" authority="d'Olsoufieff, 1924: 119" authorityName="d'Olsoufieff" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,769,1336,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvispinum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDAAFA9E76D3046D" box="[189,479,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon curvispinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECFEFA9F740D046C" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[489,769,1336,1363]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref134049" refString="d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides, Famille Scarabaeidae. Tr. Coprini Insecta. Revue Illustree d'Entomologie 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">dOlsoufieff, 1924: 119</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description). Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFE9D2FA9F7227046D" box="[1221,1323,1336,1362]" name="Ecuador" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D099230F152CFE82EFA9F727F046D" box="[1337,1395,1336,1362]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Loja</collectingRegion>
. Name-bearing type:
<typeStatus id="4A4279D230F152CFECCCFAFB754B0449" box="[475,583,1372,1398]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN), designated by
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEE65FAFB732E0449" author="Arnaud P." box="[882,1058,1372,1398]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEE65FAFB732E0449" author="Arnaud P." box="[882,1058,1372,1398]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref109632" refString="Arnaud P. 1982. Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum national d'Historie naturelle de Paris. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie 4 (3): 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982">Arnaud (1982)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEDAAFA39745A07B4" blockId="171.[189,1399,1437,1957]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F152CFEDAAFA39745A07B4" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEDAAFA3976C60488" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,458,1437,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDAAFA3976C60488" box="[189,458,1437,1464]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon spiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFECFDFA3A75F70488" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[490,763,1437,1463]" page="119" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECFDFA3A75F70488" author="d'Olsoufieff G." box="[490,763,1437,1463]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref134049" refString="d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides, Famille Scarabaeidae. Tr. Coprini Insecta. Revue Illustree d'Entomologie 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">dOlsoufieff 1924: 119</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 135, 159 (cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEEF8FA3A73AF0488" box="[1007,1187,1437,1463]" name="French Guiana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
).
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFE9AFFA3973DE0488" box="[1208,1234,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172"></emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE9CCFA3A760504E4" author="Gillet J. J. E." page="87" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE9CCFA3A760504E4" author="Gillet J. J. E." pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref121235" refString="Gillet J. J. E. 1911 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. W. Junk, Berlin. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48405679 [accesseed 16 Feb. 2024]." type="url" year="1911">Gillet 1911b: 87</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFECD0FA6775D504E4" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[455,729,1472,1499]" page="210" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECD0FA6775D504E4" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[455,729,1472,1499]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref111083" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 210</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, distribution). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEEF4FA6773F104E4" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Lopera-Toro A. &amp; Vitolo A. &amp; Gill B." box="[995,1277,1472,1499]" page="140" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEEF4FA6773F104E4" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Lopera-Toro A. &amp; Vitolo A. &amp; Gill B." box="[995,1277,1472,1499]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="131 - 144" refId="ref130799" refString="Medina C. A., Lopera-Toro A., Vitolo A. &amp; Gill B. 2001. Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 2: 131 - 144." type="journal article" year="2001">
Medina
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFE953FA66737304E5" box="[1092,1151,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2001: 140
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEC00FA43769C04C1" box="[279,400,1508,1534]" name="Colombia" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Colombia</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFECDAFA43759704C1" author="Vitolo A. L." box="[461,667,1507,1534]" page="597" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECDAFA43759704C1" author="Vitolo A. L." box="[461,667,1507,1534]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="591 - 601" refId="ref141219" refString="Vitolo A. L. 2000. Clave para la identificacion de los generos y especies Phanaeinas de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales 24 (93): 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="2000">Vítolo 2000: 597</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key);
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFE2FA43746204C1" author="Vitolo A." box="[757,878,1508,1534]" page="289" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFE2FA43746204C1" author="Vitolo A." box="[757,878,1508,1534]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="277 - 318" refId="ref141259" refString="Vitolo A. 2004. Escarabajos estercoleros de la tribu Phanaeini de Colombia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae). In: Fernandez F., Andrade M. G. &amp; Amat G. D. (eds) Insectos de Colombia 3: 277 - 318. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota." type="book chapter" year="2004">2004: 289</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis, distribution). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE9DAFA437692071E" author="Hamel-Leigue A. C. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J." page="43" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE9DAFA437692071E" author="Hamel-Leigue A. C. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J." pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="39 - 49" refId="ref122893" refString="Hamel-Leigue A. C., Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. 2008. Composicion y riqueza de una comunidad de escarabajos peloteros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en los Yungas bajos de la Cordillera Mosetenes, Bolivia. Revista Boliviana de Ecologia y Conservacion Ambiental 23: 39 - 49." type="journal article" year="2008">
Hamel-Leigue
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDFDF9AF7625071E" box="[234,297,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 43
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diversity);
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEF20F9A075DD071E" author="Hamel-Leigue A. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. &amp; Larsen T. H. &amp; Gill B. D. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Spector S." box="[567,721,1543,1570]" page="50" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEF20F9A075DD071E" author="Hamel-Leigue A. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. &amp; Larsen T. H. &amp; Gill B. D. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Spector S." box="[567,721,1543,1570]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref122950" refString="Hamel-Leigue A., Herzog S. K., Mann D. J., Larsen T. H., Gill B. D., Edmonds W. D., Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">2009: 50, 64</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEEB1F9A0730E071E" box="[934,1026,1543,1569]" name="Bolivia" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE957F9A0765D077B" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A." page="61" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE957F9A0765D077B" author="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A." pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="55 - 62" refId="ref130761" refString="Medina C. A. &amp; Pulido-Herrera L. A. 2009. Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de la Orinoquia Colombiana. Biota Colombiana 10 (1 - 2): 55 - 62." type="journal article" year="2009">Medina &amp; Pulido-Herrera 2009: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diversity). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEF13F98D7402077B" author="Brule S. &amp; Touroult J. &amp; Dalens P. - H." box="[516,782,1578,1604]" page="193" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEF13F98D7402077B" author="Brule S. &amp; Touroult J. &amp; Dalens P. - H." box="[516,782,1578,1604]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref112703" refString="Brule S., Touroult J. &amp; Dalens P. - H. 2011 a. Resultats de l'Inventaire entomologique du Site de Saut Parare, Reserve des Nouragues (Guyane), 2009 - 2010. Rapport de la Societe entomologique Antilles-Guyane, SEAG, ONF." type="book" year="2011">
Brûlé
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEF5BF98C758A077B" box="[588,646,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2011a: 193
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list, cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEEAEF98D7360077B" box="[953,1132,1578,1604]" name="French Guiana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE9B5F98D727A077B" author="Krajcik M." box="[1186,1398,1578,1604]" page="191" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE9B5F98D727A077B" author="Krajcik M." box="[1186,1398,1578,1604]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref126632" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Animma. X Supplement 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik 2012: 191</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFECB4F9E9755A0758" author="Feer F." box="[419,598,1613,1640]" page="767" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFECB4F9E9755A0758" author="Feer F." box="[419,598,1613,1640]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref118769" refString="Feer F. 2013. Variations in dung beetles assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) within two rain forest habitats in French Guiana. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61 (2): 753 - 768. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 61 i 2.11220" type="journal article" year="2013">Feer 2013: 767</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEFA9F9EA747D0758" box="[702,881,1613,1639]" name="French Guiana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEEBDF9EA73DE0758" author="Ratcliffe B. C. &amp; Jameson M. L. &amp; Figueroa L. &amp; Cave R. D. &amp; Paulsen M. J. &amp; Cano E. B. &amp; Beza-Beza C. &amp; Ferbans L. &amp; Reyes-Castillo P." box="[938,1234,1613,1640]" page="197" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEEBDF9EA73DE0758" author="Ratcliffe B. C. &amp; Jameson M. L. &amp; Figueroa L. &amp; Cave R. D. &amp; Paulsen M. J. &amp; Cano E. B. &amp; Beza-Beza C. &amp; Ferbans L. &amp; Reyes-Castillo P." box="[938,1234,1613,1640]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="186 - 207" refId="ref137018" refString="Ratcliffe B. C., Jameson M. L., Figueroa L., Cave R. D., Paulsen M. J., Cano E. B., Beza-Beza C., Jimenez- Ferbans L., Reyes-Castillo P. 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a survey of the families. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 88 (2): 186 - 207." type="journal article" year="2015">
Ratcliffe
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFE90EF9E973580758" box="[1049,1108,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 197
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEDFCF9D6762A07B4" box="[235,294,1649,1675]" name="Peru" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Peru</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEC49F9D7755607B4" author="Boilly O. &amp; Lapeze J. &amp; Dalens P. - H. &amp; Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J." box="[350,602,1648,1675]" page="89" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEC49F9D7755607B4" author="Boilly O. &amp; Lapeze J. &amp; Dalens P. - H. &amp; Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J." box="[350,602,1648,1675]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="86 - 97" refId="ref112070" refString="Boilly O., Lapeze J., Dalens P. - H., Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J. 2016. Les Phanaeini de Guyane: liste commentee, cles et iconographie (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contribution a l'etude des Coleopteres de Guyane 10: 86 - 97." type="journal article" year="2016">
Boilly
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFECB9F9D676E507B5" box="[430,489,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 89
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 95 (key, comments).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEDAAF933734307CB" blockId="171.[189,1399,1437,1957]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F152CFEDAAF933734307CB" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEDAAF93376EE0792" ID-CoL="4BKCV" authorityName="d'Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,482,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvispinum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDAAF93376EE0792" box="[189,482,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon curvispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEF1CF93374430792" author="Pessoa S. B. &amp; Lane F." box="[523,847,1683,1710]" page="486" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEF1CF93374430792" author="Pessoa S. B. &amp; Lane F." box="[523,847,1683,1710]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="389 - 504" refId="ref135859" refString="Pessoa S. B. &amp; Lane F. 1941. Coleopteros necrofagos de interesse medico-legal: ensaio monografico sobre a familia Scarabaeidae de S. Paulo e regioes vizinhas. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 2: 389 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793.19412389 - 504" type="journal article" year="1941">Pessôa &amp; Lane 1941: 486</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key, diagnosis). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE94EF933727A0791" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[1113,1398,1684,1710]" page="210" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE94EF933727A0791" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[1113,1398,1684,1710]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref111083" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 210</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEC4DF91075B107ED" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[346,701,1719,1746]" page="570" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEC4DF91075B107ED" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[346,701,1719,1746]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="533 - 603" refId="ref141365" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1967. Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera). Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica 5: 533 - 603." type="journal article" year="1967">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1967: 570</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEE2BF910731A07EE" author="Arnaud P." box="[828,1046,1719,1745]" page="117" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEE2BF910731A07EE" author="Arnaud P." box="[828,1046,1719,1745]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref109632" refString="Arnaud P. 1982. Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum national d'Historie naturelle de Paris. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie 4 (3): 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982">Arnaud 1982: 117</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list of
<typeStatus id="4A4279D230F152CFE96DF91073B407EE" box="[1146,1208,1719,1745]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">types</typeStatus>
of MNHN). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEDFDF97D754807CB" author="Hamel-Leigue A. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. &amp; Larsen T. H. &amp; Gill B. D. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Spector S." box="[234,580,1754,1780]" page="64" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEDFDF97D754807CB" author="Hamel-Leigue A. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. &amp; Larsen T. H. &amp; Gill B. D. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Spector S." box="[234,580,1754,1780]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref122950" refString="Hamel-Leigue A., Herzog S. K., Mann D. J., Larsen T. H., Gill B. D., Edmonds W. D., Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hamel-Leigue
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEC8CF97C76DA07CB" box="[411,470,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 64
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cited). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFDBF97D74FF07CB" author="Figueroa L. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Martinez N. L." box="[716,1011,1754,1780]" page="130" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFDBF97D74FF07CB" author="Figueroa L. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Martinez N. L." box="[716,1011,1754,1780]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="125 - 138" refId="ref119373" refString="Figueroa L., Edmonds W. D., Martinez N. L. 2014. La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 21 (2): 125 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.15381 / rpb. v 21 i 2.9815" type="journal article" year="2014">
Figueroa
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEE2CF97C747A07CB" box="[827,886,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 130
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cited).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F152CFEDAAF959727B069B" blockId="171.[189,1399,1437,1957]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F152CFEDAAF959727B069B" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F152CFEDAAF959759F0628" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,659,1789,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniferum" subGenus="Mioxysternon">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEDAAF95976480627" box="[189,324,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Oxysternon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEC4BF95976F10628" box="[348,509,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Mioxysternon</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEF01F95A759F0628" box="[534,659,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">spiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFAAF95A74AF0628" author="Arnaud P." box="[701,931,1789,1815]" page="62" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFAAF95A74AF0628" author="Arnaud P." box="[701,931,1789,1815]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud 2002b: 62</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 65 (key, diagnosis). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE9F4F95A76AE0604" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." page="10" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE9F4F95A76AE0604" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref117624" refString="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J. 2004. Revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Folia Heyrovskyana Supplementum 11: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2004">Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2004: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 35 (key, diagnosis). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFD5F88774800604" author="Vitolo A." box="[706,908,1824,1851]" page="289" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFD5F88774800604" author="Vitolo A." box="[706,908,1824,1851]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="277 - 318" refId="ref141259" refString="Vitolo A. 2004. Escarabajos estercoleros de la tribu Phanaeini de Colombia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae). In: Fernandez F., Andrade M. G. &amp; Amat G. D. (eds) Insectos de Colombia 3: 277 - 318. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota." type="book chapter" year="2004">Vítolo 2004: 289</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE95BF887727A0604" author="Figueroa L. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Martinez N. L." box="[1100,1398,1824,1851]" page="130" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE95BF887727A0604" author="Figueroa L. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Martinez N. L." box="[1100,1398,1824,1851]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="125 - 138" refId="ref119373" refString="Figueroa L., Edmonds W. D., Martinez N. L. 2014. La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 21 (2): 125 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.15381 / rpb. v 21 i 2.9815" type="journal article" year="2014">
Figueroa
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFE9AAF88673F40605" box="[1213,1272,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 130
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFECB9F8E376E50661" box="[430,489,1860,1886]" name="Peru" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Peru</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEF36F8E374A60661" author="Pacheco T. L. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[545,938,1859,1886]" page="7" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEF36F8E374A60661" author="Pacheco T. L. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[545,938,1859,1886]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref134408" refString="Pacheco T. L. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2015. Dung beetles of the tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidade [sic]: Scarabaeinae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: checklist and key to species. Biota Neotropica 15 (2): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 06032015014514" type="journal article" year="2015">Pacheco &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFE934F8E3722D0661" author="Boilly O. &amp; Lapeze J. &amp; Dalens P. - H. &amp; Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J." box="[1059,1313,1859,1886]" page="89" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFE934F8E3722D0661" author="Boilly O. &amp; Lapeze J. &amp; Dalens P. - H. &amp; Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J." box="[1059,1313,1859,1886]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="86 - 97" refId="ref112070" refString="Boilly O., Lapeze J., Dalens P. - H., Giuglaris J. - L. &amp; Touroult J. 2016. Les Phanaeini de Guyane: liste commentee, cles et iconographie (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contribution a l'etude des Coleopteres de Guyane 10: 86 - 97." type="journal article" year="2016">
Boilly
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFE963F8E373A30661" box="[1140,1199,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 89
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 92, 95 (key, characteristics, fig. 19ac, cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEFC3F8C0743906BE" box="[724,821,1895,1921]" name="Guyana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Guyana</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEE79F8C0739606BE" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[878,1178,1895,1921]" page="97" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEE79F8C0739606BE" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[878,1178,1895,1921]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="72 - 100" refId="ref114035" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Granda V. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2018. Listado de especies y clave de generos y subgeneros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 44 (1): 72 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 44 i 1.6545" type="journal article" year="2018">
Chamorro
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F152CFEEFAF8CF732506BE" box="[1005,1065,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 97
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFE814F8C0726606BE" box="[1283,1386,1895,1921]" name="Ecuador" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEDFCF82D766C069B" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello F. Z." box="[235,352,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FE2EE8D6162EFA465A1349E35701592" page="203" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEDFCF82D766C069B" author="Chamorro W. &amp; Marin-Armijos D. &amp; Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello F. Z." box="[235,352,1930,1956]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref114107" refString="Chamorro W., Marin-Armijos D., Asenjo A. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello F. Z. 2019. Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 826.26488" type="journal article" year="2019">2019: 203</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F152CFEF18F82D757A069B" box="[527,630,1930,1956]" name="Ecuador" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F152CFEFBCF82D7321069B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3683823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3683823" author="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A." box="[683,1069,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7FF1CFFACFF8AFF48FBB73355FC47" page="102" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F152CFEFBCF82D7321069B" author="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A." box="[683,1069,1930,1956]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 306" refId="ref124225" refString="Hielkema A. J. &amp; Hielkema M. A. 2019. An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas. Insecta Mundi 732 (732): 1 - 306." type="journal article" year="2019">Hielkema &amp; Hielkema 2019: 102</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue for the Guianas).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFEAE76E50056" blockId="172.[189,1398,265,397]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5E9E05E30F652C8EDAAFEAE76E90056" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F652C8EDAAFEAE756A001C" ID-CoL="4BKCV" box="[189,614,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="spiniferum" subSpecies="curvispinum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFEAE756A001C" box="[189,614,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Oxysternon spiniferum curvispinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F652C8EF90FEAE746D001B" author="Arnaud P." box="[647,865,265,292]" page="65" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8EF90FEAE746D001B" author="Arnaud P." box="[647,865,265,292]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="ref109736" refString="Arnaud P. 2002 b. Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, England." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud 2002b: 65</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F652C8E932FEAE727A001B" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[1061,1398,265,292]" page="35" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8E932FEAE727A001B" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[1061,1398,265,292]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref117624" refString="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J. 2004. Revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Folia Heyrovskyana Supplementum 11: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2004">Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2004: 35</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F652C8EC93FE8A75830079" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[388,655,300,327]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EC93FE8A75830079" box="[388,655,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Oxysternon spiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F652C8EFDBFE8B73290079" author="Carvajal V. &amp; Villamarin S. &amp; Ortega A. M." box="[716,1061,300,326]" page="322" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8EFDBFE8B73290079" author="Carvajal V. &amp; Villamarin S. &amp; Ortega A. M." box="[716,1061,300,326]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="ref113831" refString="Carvajal V., Villamarin S. &amp; Ortega A. M. 2011. Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales Generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito." type="book" year="2011">
Carvajal
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EE22FE8A74630079" box="[821,879,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 322323
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cited for
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8E98AFE8B72080079" box="[1181,1284,300,326]" name="Ecuador" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
). —
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F652C8E82DFE8B76AE0055" author="Silva R. J. &amp; Pelissari T. D. &amp; Krinski D. &amp; Canale G. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." page="490" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8E82DFE8B76AE0055" author="Silva R. J. &amp; Pelissari T. D. &amp; Krinski D. &amp; Canale G. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref139070" refString="Silva R. J., Pelissari T. D., Krinski D., Canale G., Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2017. Abrupt species loss of the Amazonian dung beetle in pastures adjacent to species-rich forests. Journal Insect Conservation 21 (3): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 017 - 9988 - 9" type="journal article" year="2017">
Silva
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDFEFEF776280056" box="[233,292,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 490
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFED4722D00B2" blockId="172.[189,1398,265,397]" box="[189,1313,370,397]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="52F9BCF330F652C8EDAAFED4740600B2" ID-CoL="4BKCQ" box="[189,778,371,397]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="spiniferum" subGenus="Mioxysternon" subSpecies="spiniferum">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFED4764800B2" box="[189,324,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Oxysternon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EC42FED476FA00B3" box="[341,502,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Mioxysternon</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EF1FFED4740600B2" box="[520,778,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">spiniferum spiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="1458E16130F652C8EE30FED573B800B2" author="Boilly O. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[807,1204,370,397]" page="105" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8EE30FED573B800B2" author="Boilly O. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z." box="[807,1204,370,397]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="103 - 112" refId="ref111991" refString="Boilly O. &amp; Vaz-de-Mello F. Z. 2013. Les Scarabaeinae de Guyane: cle illustree des genres. ACOREP- France 7: 103 - 112." type="journal article" year="2013">Boilly &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 105</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 19).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F652C8EDAAFE137583037C" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFE1376A600F1" blockId="172.[189,426,436,462]" box="[189,426,436,462]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="CE0E701C30F652C8EDAAFE1376A600F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,436,462]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFE1376A600F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,436,462]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFE447583037C" blockId="172.[189,1398,482,579]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D30F652C8EDAAFE44761C031F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979307462" collectingDate="1986-07-16" collectingDateMax="1986-08-11" collectingDateMin="1986-07-16" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="B. Gill" country="Venezuela" elevation="200" location="Bolivar" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar">
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EDAAFE44766700C2" box="[189,363,483,509]" name="Venezuela" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EC9CFE4576EB00C2" bold="true" box="[395,487,482,509]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<collectingRegion id="573D099230F652C8EC9CFE4576EB00C2" box="[395,487,482,509]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF930F652C8EF13FE44755700C2" box="[516,603,483,509]" count="1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
;
<locationDeviation id="84F4DE5230F652C8EF7EFE44742600C3" box="[617,810,482,509]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<quantity id="52016A9530F652C8EF7EFE4475AA00C3" box="[617,678,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
N of Guri
</locationDeviation>
;
<elevation id="1ED4204330F652C8EE2FFE4474CA00C3" box="[824,966,482,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="52016A9530F652C8EE2FFE44748800C2" box="[824,900,483,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="E147E1B030F652C8EEC1FE4573D600C3" box="[982,1242,482,509]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1986-07-16" valueMax="1986-08-11" valueMin="1986-07-16">
<collectingDate id="F103185830F652C8EEC1FE4573D600C3" box="[982,1242,482,509]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1986-07-16" valueMax="1986-08-11" valueMin="1986-07-16">16 Jul.11 Aug. 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="380CA2A630F652C8E9FFFE44723600C3" box="[1256,1338,482,509]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">B. Gill</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="F3E85FB530F652C8EDA8FDA1761C031F" box="[191,272,518,544]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">CEMT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2591CD2D30F652C8EC38FDA17587037C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979307343" collectedFrom="gallery forest" collectingDate="1987-06-17" collectingDateMax="1987-08-04" collectingDateMin="1987-06-17" collectingMethod="flight interception trap" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="S. and J. Peck" country="Venezuela" location="Rio Sipao" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar">
<specimenCount id="83FF0CF930F652C8EC38FDA17684031F" box="[303,392,518,544]" count="1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
;
<location id="902691AB30F652C8EC8FFDA1751C031F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D50766630F152C8EF3BFB2A72580289:902691AB30F652C8EC8FFDA1751C031F" box="[408,528,518,544]" country="Venezuela" name="Rio Sipao" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Bolivar">Río Sipao</location>
;
<locationDeviation id="84F4DE5230F652C8EF33FDA17415031F" box="[548,793,518,544]" location="Caicar" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<quantity id="52016A9530F652C8EF33FDA17573031F" box="[548,639,518,544]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="km" value="110.0">110 km</quantity>
E of Caicar
</locationDeviation>
;
<date id="E147E1B030F652C8EE3BFDA17320031F" box="[812,1068,518,544]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1987-06-17" valueMax="1987-08-04" valueMin="1987-06-17">
<collectingDate id="F103185830F652C8EE3BFDA17320031F" box="[812,1068,518,544]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1987-06-17" valueMax="1987-08-04" valueMin="1987-06-17">17 Jun.4 Aug. 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="380CA2A630F652C8E928FDA173E3031F" box="[1087,1263,518,544]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">S. and J. Peck</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="4CB8BF6730F652C8E82FFDA17672037C" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">flight interception trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectedFrom id="26E5848D30F652C8EC9AFD8E7520037C" box="[397,556,553,579]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">gallery forest</collectedFrom>
;
<collectionCode id="F3E85FB530F652C8EF2FFD8E7587037C" box="[568,651,553,579]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">CEMT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F652C8EDAAFDCD74B40279" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFDCD765A03BB" blockId="172.[189,342,618,644]" box="[189,342,618,644]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="CE0E701C30F652C8EDAAFDCD765A03BB" bold="true" box="[189,342,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFDCD765A03BB" bold="true" box="[189,342,618,644]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFD3E7209038C" blockId="172.[189,1285,665,691]" box="[189,1285,665,691]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EDAAFD3E7638038C" box="[189,308,665,691]" name="Colombia" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EC28FD3E76B7038C" box="[319,443,665,691]" name="Venezuela" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8ECD1FD3E7528038C" box="[454,548,665,691]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EF27FD3E75AF038C" box="[560,675,665,691]" name="Suriname" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, French Guiana,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EE7CFD3E74BA038C" box="[875,950,665,691]" name="Brazil" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EED5FD3E732A038C" box="[962,1062,665,691]" name="Ecuador" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8E926FD3E7366038C" box="[1073,1130,665,691]" name="Peru" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8E9B0FD3E720D038C" box="[1191,1281,665,691]" name="Bolivia" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFD7D76E103CB" blockId="172.[189,493,730,756]" box="[189,493,730,756]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="CE0E701C30F652C8EDAAFD7D76E103CB" bold="true" box="[189,493,730,756]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFD7D76E103CB" bold="true" box="[189,493,730,756]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
Subregions of
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EC78FD7D76E103CB" box="[367,493,730,756]" name="Venezuela" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFCAE74B40279" blockId="172.[189,1399,777,838]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
System of hills and low piedmont mountains of the Guiana Shield, System of low mountains and hills Imataca-Cuyuní of Northeast
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EF0CFC8B757A0279" box="[539,630,812,838]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shield, and Guiana Shield.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDE394FB30F652C8EDAAFCCA72580289" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFCCA76A802B7" blockId="172.[189,420,877,904]" box="[189,420,877,904]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="CE0E701C30F652C8EDAAFCCA76A802B7" bold="true" box="[189,420,877,904]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8EDAAFCCA76A802B7" bold="true" box="[189,420,877,904]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Literature records</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9546C77030F652C8EDAAFC3B72580289" blockId="172.[189,1364,924,951]" box="[189,1364,924,951]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8EDAAFC3B750B0289" author="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J." box="[189,519,924,950]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref117624" refString="Edmonds W. D. &amp; Zidek J. 2004. Revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Folia Heyrovskyana Supplementum 11: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2004">Edmonds &amp; Zídek 2004: 10</bibRefCitation>
, 35 (
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8EF57FC3B75B30289" box="[576,703,924,950]" name="Venezuela" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="573D099230F652C8EFDDFC3B742B0289" box="[714,807,924,950]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
). —
<bibRefCitation id="F168BA8130F652C8EE48FC3B73B50289" author="Hamel-Leigue A. &amp; Herzog S. K. &amp; Mann D. J. &amp; Larsen T. H. &amp; Gill B. D. &amp; Edmonds W. D. &amp; Spector S." box="[863,1209,924,951]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref122950" refString="Hamel-Leigue A., Herzog S. K., Mann D. J., Larsen T. H., Gill B. D., Edmonds W. D., Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hamel-Leigue
<emphasis id="A78D1B6230F652C8E918FC3A734F0289" box="[1039,1091,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al</emphasis>
. 2009: 64
</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="EDEE87E030F652C8E9DFFC3B72440289" box="[1224,1352,924,950]" name="Venezuela" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>