145 lines
18 KiB
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145 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="17C78801DA66DE8C2982A3EA289E5108" ID-CLB-Dataset="33268" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.11724" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0227e760-7c20-4161-92f8-22debb2f6a7f" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-61" ID-ZooBank="7380CB6BA81C4BF3B1410A3BBB7C59B5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1-61" ModsDocOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 64 (1)" ModsDocTitle="On the enigmatic Sinonemestrius Hong & Wang, 1990, with description of a new species based on a complete fossil fly (Diptera, Brachycera, Tabanomorpha, Heterostomidae)" checkinTime="1491638010763" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Junfeng" docDate="2017" docId="1C5E570918595431DB4DDE2BCC216F4F" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 64(1): 61-67" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 64 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.11724" docTitle="Sinonemestrius completus Zhang, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC9ED5D1-18AF-4A69-9CF0-47E5A17709CB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFC44B13467B6F0A860F245D6271FFF6" masterDocTitle="On the enigmatic Sinonemestrius Hong & Wang, 1990, with description of a new species based on a complete fossil fly (Diptera, Brachycera, Tabanomorpha, Heterostomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1701374991823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="495EC8B47CC53ECDA983B347275DC900">On the enigmatic Sinonemestrius Hong & Wang, 1990, with description of a new species based on a complete fossil fly (Diptera, Brachycera, Tabanomorpha, Heterostomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5AA355F359652918C0C85F70957AE51E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA0188E376640E26DF636EB89A7962EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EFFE19A60F5ABF36330E9411739ACC31">Zhang, Junfeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="56EB1D563AD9186F5DDF47B1540F7EE6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="67964279BD4E327437D2D3BF60AE8F0D">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C25F63F6FE5731F0253D1122BF07209">
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<mods:date id="7CD43A436B2F8A427186BF866AD74CC0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7751A73E3D7ACA528136FE9F8D59A1EA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0F49BBC5E03522A88EEC1CF7A646802C">64</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="447F0105FA2B71BCD70EFC4B634C7B06" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F33F728E2A70723D4B6A4BA7D8A36126">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="689BC06875E187AF881ED236AF115CE8" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="F4FBDB188469E170912C2146C9EA4206">61</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="50E4D9531675A543501AA89BAA3A69B6">67</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="EFF3618BF3A0EB70C6CDCE6EB3F17943">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.11724</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="452A4EC9CD7185016C95C00E20071831">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DA19FA3A045BB67DB553E6FE730034C8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.64.11724</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FF7236B6E94FA61FA6F0AF1CDE082E7F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-61</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="1C5E570918595431DB4DDE2BCC216F4F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128344855" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC9ED5D1-18AF-4A69-9CF0-47E5A17709CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C5E570918595431DB4DDE2BCC216F4F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="AF3581EBD318B35F920B959DDAD48ECF" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5C8F5ED18C1550CAEFF325B3C00AC40" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="F35E6F30073251FC932E1A5C3866554E" LSID="http://zoobank.org/EC9ED5D1-18AF-4A69-9CF0-47E5A17709CB" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius completus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">Sinonemestrius completus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D002A91CAC09610BC3EA6FBBB99CEC7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0016E4FFD9D3C60C4D09A4D3A77C0706" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="ED6F7508E2A1402719A4A90EB99A0ED2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14763F3F1CF203B5B352DD324745B47E" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A4105A94D687C04BF30B1C94507604E6" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuanwangensis">Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis</taxonomicName>
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, but R2+3 smoothly curved downwards and parallel to R1, ending at C instead of R1 end; fork of R4+5 distinctly distad
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<pageBreakToken id="E6B282581FE1C7027660EA78A39EF2FA" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
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fork of M1+2; crossvein r-m meeting anterior margin of discal cell basad to its midlength; wing membrane with few markings (only limited to
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<normalizedToken id="1E4987AA14A534BF3665A1B3A0C90B09" originalValue="“Pt”">"Pt"</normalizedToken>
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and below it).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0C953D805DD0137D97DDE49B8E0BB97D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CACE2B675F8F7B9220F1EECA4137DC66" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B0AB95827BA17877DFC2DF41A25FB441" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Male medium-sized flies. Female unknown. Head moderately large, semiglobose, slightly narrower, but distinctly shorter, than thorax; vertex plus frons more or less flattened; eyes large, holoptic, covering almost entire head; antenna shorter than head, scape subquadrate, slightly wider than long, pedicel much shorter, less than one half of scape length, more than twice wider than long, first flagellomere extremely swollen, nearly pyriform, much longer and wider than scape and pedicel combined, less than twice as long as wide, other flagellomeres gradually tapering apically, about three times as long as first flagellomere (Figs 1B, 2B).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70461188A10481FE83F70B9B9154BC92" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Thorax subovate, mesoscutum longer than wide, slightly wider than head; scutellum small, rounded apically, distinctly wider than long; wing nearly three times as long as wide; C thickened but thinned just at wing tip; R1 slightly curved smoothly, about three-fourths of wing length; Rs arising from R more or less late, about at one-third of wing length; R2+3 parallel to R1, ending at C;
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<normalizedToken id="2DAC78336123AED4EEE1E12AECF4C539" originalValue="“Pt”">"Pt"</normalizedToken>
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well developed, another brown marking between R1 and R2+3 below base of
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<normalizedToken id="79688F64249FE3205210028FB1780F5C" originalValue="“Pt”">"Pt"</normalizedToken>
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present (Figs 1A, C, 2C); Rs stem shorter than bR4+5, bR4+5 shorter than dR4+5, fork of R4+5 clearly distad to level of fork of M1+2; r-m meeting anterior margin of discal cell basad to its midlength, bM1+2 about one half of dM1+2 length; br cell nearly as long as, but obviously narrower than, bm cell; discal cell nearly pentagonal, relatively short, about
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<pageBreakToken id="247AD52D3C02035696EC4DAC21ACF8CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" start="start">four</pageBreakToken>
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times as long as wide; R4, R5, M1 and M2 slightly convergent, running towards wing tip (M1 ending just at wing tip); section of M3+4 slightly shorter than bM4; cell m3 nearly parallel quadrilateral but open apically; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) narrowly open. Legs with femora darkish brown, clavate, distinctly thicker than tibiae, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown; femur of hindleg as long as, but twice as wide as, tibia, tibial spurs very short, distinctly less than tibial width, basitarsomere nearly as long as other tarsomeres combined, claw nearly as long as fifth tarsomere, empodium badly preserved, seemingly longer, but narrower, than pulvillus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41A1BC4D2E08447433302336C378BE61" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Abdomen ovate-oblong, with seven segments visible, clearly longer than head and thorax combined, with first segment longest, second segment widest, slightly wider than thorax; male genitalia longer than sixth segment with gonostylus (?) darkish brown, very narrow, strongly curved inwards.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A0B6272A175B91CD4456982447D750C" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9F4AF0C0C27E668BD7A875E2D2F11E25" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Dimensions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8931814CA60A50D288128C126ABFB429" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Holotype: length of body 10.9 mm; head, 1.4 mm; thorax, 3.6 mm; abdomen 6.4 mm. Length of wing 7.4 mm, width of wing 2.9 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBA338C8E79320C3CC0EF380564BB362" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="A41E77A3C714738FD0C12C78ABBB5CB6" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4812C385CFEF85064A050630EFC48391" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="BCF44A2E51DE257420BD96BE46FFF7FF" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius completus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">Sinonemestrius completus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differs from the type species
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<taxonomicName id="B768492CB4B1CC7E2ADF054032207FF3" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuanwangensis">Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis</taxonomicName>
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by the following features: R2+3 slightly curved, parallel to R1 and not meeting R1 end apically, fork of R4+5 distinctly distad to level of fork of M1+2, crossvein r-m meeting anterior margin of d cell basad to its midlength and wing membrane with a few markings (only limited to
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<normalizedToken id="3354E75071174B34741B71B9623BAFCD" originalValue="“Pt”">"Pt"</normalizedToken>
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and below it). On the other hand, this new species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="C05C82BB077A2E4296BF4508EE3E742E" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius akirai" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akirai">Sinonemestrius akirai</taxonomicName>
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by Rs arising from R stem late (at about one-third of wing length vs near to wing base), the slightly curved R2+3 which runs parallel to R1 (vsR1 and R2+3 clearly convergent apically), fork of R4+5 distad (vs basad) to level of fork of M1+2 and cell m3 open (vs closed before hind margin of wing). Unfortunately, the body structures cannot be compared because the descriptions of the two known species are based on wing impressions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5BD749942493176E7A50C7F0582F638" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="102C985EB971C92EC96B01C27757F094" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4C09F1055C4ADBC2916E760D557BFBF" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Latin,
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<taxonomicName id="BFC9475E4ECF226F60BC37214A380573" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Brachycera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachycera completus" order="Saxifragales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="completus">completus</taxonomicName>
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(complete), referring to the species erected based on a complete fly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00794E3EA61633C52ADF6DEE3DBADD89" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="BAF15755AFB801722698DD6B0A2C77D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9469EFEECD3BD5FB83B012712DC05511" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">No. NIGP L91803, a complete male fly, dorsoventral aspect, is held in the collection of NIGPAS.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F41FD079658BFEFC68153D2ECB6D72F1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="ACDA371EC16EA2FDAC69DB1323F5814C" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC8B4B09C8C4B2884763B0B1C90100C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Type locality and horizon: Laiyang Formation, in the vicinity of Tuanwang, Laiyang, Shandong, China (Lower Cretaceous).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19B32D1EC5C378D69B76397F12C4D1C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="repository">
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<paragraph id="D792D70CB740FD24BFC4CE7E811E8458" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Repository.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA1029C5FAEDA5B31D4604C6F148FA8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">The Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.</paragraph>
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<caption id="7273CC5E58B0CD5FF94804F3D0FF2DA1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="3DD5BC4DB7E93CE7C61DDC7DB83A2786" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="1E5EB01207CCB8CE531C09E8125B8174" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius completus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">Sinonemestrius completus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., no. NIGP L91803, holotype, photographs, male, dorsal view. A habitus, B antenna, C enlarged portions of right wing. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C) and 0.1 mm (B).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="8381993C8FFAEE5D27007C04FF28C725" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="95328850772AF2C3ACE828C9D668D18F" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="953FA50B14CD440BDD1F07D4AB42B3DF" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius completus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">Sinonemestrius completus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., no. NIGP L91803, line drawings of holotype. A habitus (wing venation omitted), B antenna, C left wing, D tarsus of left hindleg. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C, D) and 0.1 mm (B).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="4217843CB3F10462CC15483CD2711910" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="5EC13D8315707125BC8700C8BE3125B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 3. Difference and similarity between four sets of wings. Line drawings of holotypes. A
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<taxonomicName id="DDEE91573394B8D814A0D6E45CC0AF04" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius completus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completus">Sinonemestrius completus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., B
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<taxonomicName id="74A817F28143752E00999DFD2149810F" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuanwangensis">Sinonemestrius tuanwangensis</taxonomicName>
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Hong & Wang, 1990 (after
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<bibRefCitation id="E26F38F5DEA3108E3861095FE21902F6" author="Hong, Y-c" journalOrPublisher="Geological Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" title="Fossil insects from the Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province: 44 - 189. In: The Regional Geological Surveying Team (Eds) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Laiyang Basin, Shandong." year="1990">Hong and Wang 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), C
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<taxonomicName id="EB3CB6E9AE95B44368033CFA890FEA81" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Sinonemestrius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinonemestrius akirai" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akirai">Sinonemestrius akirai</taxonomicName>
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Jarzembowski & Mostovski, 2000 (after
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<bibRefCitation id="84EBCF6B7B091B0A94399E25B5C28A01" author="Jarzembowski, EA" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="761 - 765" title="A new species of Sinonemestrius (Diptera: Brachycera) from the Weald Clay (Lower Cretaceous, southern England), with a discussion of its affinities and stratigraphical implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.2000.0226" volume="21" year="2000">Jarzembowski and Mostovski 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), D
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<taxonomicName id="1D702A7D14A34DE48CE49ECEE43E708D" class="Insecta" family="Heterostomidae" genus="Ahirmoneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ahirmoneura neimengguensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neimengguensis">Ahirmoneura neimengguensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="600CBD60AE4F9D8E87632228BDFEE23D" author="Zhang, K-y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="161 - 164" title="New Middle Jurassic tangle-veined flies from Inner Mongolia, China." url="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2008.0112" volume="53" year="2008">K-y Zhang et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="2F1CFC83B1D68D3B6F0B1C544A0643E7" author="Zhang, K-y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="161 - 164" title="New Middle Jurassic tangle-veined flies from Inner Mongolia, China." url="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2008.0112" volume="53" year="2008">K-y Zhang et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |