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<document id="A5E0996885E4C4DF050194195DF14880" ID-CLB-Dataset="20763" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2021.025" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0839d72f-9521-4f11-916a-4b4c8ea24e8f" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5821143" ID-ZooBank="85434EFF-F859-4BBF-8AB5-F50B9BA08771" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641390032322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moctezuma, Victor, Halffter, Gonzalo &amp; Lizardo, Viridiana" docDate="2021" docId="1B2B878A8A26FFB3FC5CFDE7EEC6FA87" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.61.2.447-482.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Phanaeus herbeus Bates 1887, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="461" masterDocId="E712FFF28A2AFFBDFFD5FFAAEF26FFB2" masterDocTitle="The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="447" pageNumber="459" updateTime="1699295799786" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="2D91400A30C8082E40EB5FE9CCDB6908">The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3D0548CA3E8585192AEEF823F8E6A437" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2EF2F8F02861617309E1A848C27C560D">
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<mods:namePart id="E75D4CF37AE47A0D1B7F5D2750AA0305">Moctezuma, Victor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D00B872F4E70453BDE4E1153CE0E3867">Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, Tlaxcala 90070, Mexico, Km 1.5 Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla S / N, La Loma Xicohtencatl.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1112C1B1AFB7F8788A5D00B74F301A4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F74B2A8537C7A6120808C2E01CB06B87">Halffter, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F0D764BF128CF548EC1AC5D5F0CE97D5">Emeritus Researcher, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="96136B16DA774C430DC5BCECC47889F9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B8D1703C8D9BA39E8B13EDAB34F8D04B">
<mods:roleTerm id="ACFC0BE6E064CE465679F15C68942EF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1EF0B71DBCF5D033EED6B6A9A1C6B3FB">Lizardo, Viridiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2383A09E900E697F6BFE3FB11CEC1ED3">Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico, Apartado Postal 70 - 399.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EC1263778C7B7E746C3BEE5DA0B7E54C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C50CDFE9431DC47D6017EFF2A81B94B3">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A97F17AA75FFAEB636B20680B4F388B0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="07F5E5B29008DFF571D0C2AE7E6B9C6D">2021-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FBCC7127DDA4594A284B9FCB938F2F81" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0AF2958847861A0BF88EBB1239C44E6F">61</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1B2B878A8A26FFB3FC5CFDE7EEC6FA87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B2B878A8A26FFB3FC5CFDE7EEC6FA87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B2B878A8A26FFB3FC5CFDE7EEC6FA87" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EA69FDD6" box="[905,1359,589,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EA69FDD6" blockId="12.[905,1359,589,612]" box="[905,1359,589,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="C87581F08A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EA69FDD6" box="[905,1359,589,612]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EA69FDD6" bold="true" box="[905,1359,589,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EBC2FDD6" ID-CoL="8TJS9" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[905,1252,589,612]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FC5CFDE7EB7FFDD6" bold="true" box="[905,1113,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FBB5FDE7EBC2FDD6" author="Bates" box="[1120,1252,589,612]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAC557F58A26FFB1FB39FDE7EA69FDD6" box="[1260,1359,589,612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB1FBD7FDC1EBF3FDCC" box="[1026,1237,619,638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FBD7FDC1EBF3FDCC" blockId="12.[828,1438,619,753]" box="[1026,1237,619,638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBDDFDC1EB4BFDCC" box="[1032,1133,619,638]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 16–18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBA2FDC1EBA9FDCC" box="[1143,1167,619,638]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB4DFDC1EB96FDCC" box="[1176,1200,619,638]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB6CFDC1EBF6FDCC" box="[1209,1232,619,638]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">59</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB1FCE9FD24EB2CFD43" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9FD24EAB8FD13" blockId="12.[828,1438,619,753]" box="[828,1438,654,673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B39211B28A26FFB1FCE9FD24EAB8FD13" box="[828,1438,654,673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<treatmentCitation id="1223108D8A26FFB1FCE9FD24EBF5FD13" author="BATES H. W." box="[828,1235,654,673]" page="61" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FCE9FD24EBF5FD13" ID-CoL="8TJS9" authority="Bates, 1887: 61" authorityName="Bates" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1887" box="[828,1235,654,673]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="daphnis" variety="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9FD24ECFCFD13" box="[828,986,654,673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Phanaeus daphnis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FBD7FD24EB61FD13" box="[1026,1095,654,673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">herbeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FB9EFD24EBF5FD13" author="Bates" box="[1099,1235,654,673]" firstAuthor="Bates" page="61" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887: 61</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="4C39883E8A26FFB1FB0FFD24EA23FD13" box="[1242,1285,654,673]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A26FFB1FA80FD24EABCFD13" box="[1365,1434,654,673]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9FD02EB2CFD43" blockId="12.[828,1438,619,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B39211B28A26FFB1FCE9FD02EB2CFD43" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<treatmentCitation id="1223108D8A26FFB1FCE9FD02EB98FD09" author="OLSOUFIEFF G." box="[828,1214,680,699]" page="105" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FCE9FD02EB98FD09" ID-CoL="8T3F4" authority="Olsoufieff, 1924: 105" authorityName="Olsoufieff" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1924" box="[828,1214,680,699]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9FD02ECCDFD09" box="[828,1003,680,699]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Phanaeus tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FC20FD02EB98FD09" author="Olsoufieff" box="[1013,1214,680,699]" firstAuthor="Olsoufieff" page="105" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref27631" refString="OLSOUFIEFF G. ൽ' 1924: Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera-Lamellicornia). Famille Scarabaeidae - Tr. Coprini. Insecta, Revue Illustree d'Entomologique 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">Olsoufieff, 1924: 105</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="4C39883E8A26FFB1FB1FFD02EBD0FD09" box="[1226,1270,680,699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Without specific locality. Synonymy established by
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FB0CFD69EABAFD64" author="ARNAUD" box="[1241,1436,707,726]" firstAuthor="ARNAUD" page="116" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref24103" refString="ARNAUD P. 1982 a: Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris [Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle S erie) 4 (3): 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">ARNAUD (1982a: 116)</bibRefCitation>
and confirmed here.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB1FCE9FCADEBF8FBB8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9FCADEA16FCE2" blockId="12.[828,1437,775,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9FCADEBADFCA8" bold="true" box="[828,1163,775,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<typeStatus id="4C39883E8A26FFB1FCE9FCADEC4FFCA8" box="[828,873,775,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A26FFB1FBFDFCADEBA1FCA8" box="[1064,1159,775,794]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
HOLOTYPE of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FADCFCADEA42FCA8" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1289,1380,775,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FADCFCADEA42FCA8" box="[1289,1380,775,794]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fixed by monotypy by
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FC19FC88EB14FC87" author="BATES" box="[972,1074,802,821]" firstAuthor="BATES" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">BATES 1887</bibRefCitation>
, examined from photographs;
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FAEDFC88EA51FC87" box="[1336,1399,802,821]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
): ♂, without specific locality (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FBCEFC97EB47FCE2" box="[1051,1121,829,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">BMNH</collectionCode>
: NHMUK 013667783).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9FCFDEBF8FBB8" blockId="12.[828,1437,775,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9FCFDEA7EFCD8" bold="true" box="[828,1368,855,874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
Non-type material examined.
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A26FFB1FB96FCFDEB86FCD8" box="[1091,1184,855,874]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: E STADO DE M ÉX I CO:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FA89FCFDEA5FFCD8" box="[1372,1401,849,874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Ixtapan del Oro (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FC6DFCD8ECD6FC37" box="[952,1008,882,901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">IEXA</collectionCode>
); 8♂♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FBE4FCD8EB68FC37" box="[1073,1102,876,901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Santo Tomás de los Plátanos (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FA86FCD8EABFFC37" box="[1363,1433,882,901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">GHVM</collectionCode>
: 6 ♂♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FCA5FC27ECA8FC2D" box="[880,910,902,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FC4CFC27ECF8FC12" box="[921,990,909,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">VMPM</collectionCode>
: 2 ♂♂); 5 ♂♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FB8EFC27EBACFC2D" box="[1115,1162,902,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Temascaltepec (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FACAFC27EA40FC12" box="[1311,1382,909,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">GHVM</collectionCode>
: 4 ♂♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FCE9FC0DEC7DFC08" box="[828,859,929,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FCB0FC0DEC8CFC08" box="[869,938,935,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">VMPM</collectionCode>
: 1 ♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FC00FC0DECD2FC08" box="[981,1012,929,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
);
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FBD2FC0DEB03FC08" box="[1031,1061,929,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Tenancingo (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FB4AFC0DEBC0FC08" box="[1183,1254,935,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">GHVM</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FB21FC0DEA34FC08" box="[1268,1298,929,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Valle de Bravo (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FC97FC68ECAEFC67" box="[834,904,962,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">VMPM</collectionCode>
); 2♂♂
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FC12FC68ECD2FC67" box="[967,1012,956,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">5♀♀</specimenCount>
, Zacazonapan (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FBADFC68EB89FC67" box="[1144,1199,962,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">IEXA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FB69FC68EA17FC67" bold="true" box="[1212,1329,962,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">M I CHOACÁN:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8584FD158A26FFB1FAE0FC68EA74FC67" box="[1333,1362,956,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Tuxpan (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FC97FC77ECAFFC42" box="[834,905,989,1008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">VMPM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FC4DFC77ECDFFC42" bold="true" box="[920,1017,989,1008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">M ORELOS:</emphasis>
2 ♂♂, Tepoztlán (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FB49FC77EBC5FC42" box="[1180,1251,989,1008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">GHVM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FB27FC77ECB1FBB8" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">W I THOUT SPEC I F I C LOCAL I TY:</emphasis>
3 ♂♂ (
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FC0CFC5DEB06FBB8" box="[985,1056,1015,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">GHVM</collectionCode>
: 2 ♂♂;
<collectionCode id="F593AE598A26FFB1FBB1FC5DEB8FFBB8" box="[1124,1193,1015,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">VMPM</collectionCode>
: 1 ♂).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB1FCE9FB89EB5BF868" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9FB89EB74F928" blockId="12.[828,1437,1059,2074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9FB89EC94FB88" bold="true" box="[828,946,1059,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Metallic green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBB5FB89EBFDFB88" box="[1120,1243,1059,1082]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB30FB89EA25FB88" box="[1253,1283,1059,1082]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">59</figureCitation>
), occasionally with a red sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBD5FBE9EB75FBE8" box="[1024,1107,1091,1114]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Sides of pronotal disc finely granulate becoming granulorugose on raised outer margin of disc; pronotal disc weakly but coarsely rugose, more sparsely posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBE5FB09EB92FB08" box="[1072,1204,1187,1210]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB11FB09EBC2FB08" box="[1220,1252,1187,1210]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">49</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum strongly produced into slender, conical or triangular denticle (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB40FB49EBCBFB48" box="[1173,1261,1251,1274]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB28FB49EA3CFB48" box="[1277,1306,1251,1274]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FAFFFB49EA6FFB48" box="[1322,1353,1251,1274]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">49</figureCitation>
). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with one triangular, sharply acute tubercle, or with some rounded tubercles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC91FAE9ECBCFAE8" box="[836,922,1347,1370]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral margins of pronotal disc with distinctly developed ridge of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB22FAC9EA6DFAC8" box="[1271,1355,1379,1402]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral margins of pronotal disc without ridge or line of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC1CFA09EB3DFA08" box="[969,1051,1443,1466]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral angles of pronotum slightly less developed than posteromedial process and produced into two conical or triangular elongate denticles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC96F9A9ECBCF9A8" box="[835,922,1539,1562]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC72F9A9ECE2F9A8" box="[935,964,1539,1562]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC07F9A9ECD7F9A8" box="[978,1009,1539,1562]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">49</figureCitation>
). Elytral striae scabriculous, distinctly impressed, superficially punctate (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FB6FF989EA1AF988" box="[1210,1340,1571,1594]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae scabriculous, smooth, superficially punctate, convex; III, V and VI frequently with lightly roughened integument (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FC10F929EB63F928" box="[965,1093,1667,1690]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB1FCE9F909EB5BF868" blockId="12.[828,1437,1059,2074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9F909EB6BF908" bold="true" box="[828,1101,1699,1722]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
Variability.
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FC11F909EB6BF908" bold="true" box="[964,1101,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FC11F909EB2DF908" authorityName="Greenslade P &amp; Greenslade Pjm" authorityYear="1987" box="[964,1035,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Minor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Minor</taxonomicName>
male.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Similar to major males, except for reduction of secondary sexual characters (i.e., cephalic horn, pronotal processes and posterolateral angles). Particularly, posterolateral angles and posteromedial process of pronotum are reduced into three conical tubercles as seen in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A26FFB1FC6DF8E9EB43F8E8" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[952,1125,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FC6DF8E9EB43F8E8" box="[952,1125,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBADF8E9EBEBF8E8" box="[1144,1229,1859,1882]" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FB30F8E9EA66F8E8" bold="true" box="[1253,1344,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Female.</emphasis>
Similar to male, except for head showing trituberculate carina; pronotal sculpture granulate; pronotum with anteromedial black macula, and anteromedial carina followed by posterior concavity (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBCBF869EB57F868" box="[1054,1137,1987,2010]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A26FFB3FCE9F849ED0EFB47" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A26FFB3FCE9F849EFCAFDA7" blockId="12.[828,1437,1059,2074]" lastBlockId="14.[151,763,190,1333]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A26FFB1FCE9F849EC9FF848" bold="true" box="[828,953,2019,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Comments</emphasis>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A26FFB1FB89F849EA3FF848" author="EDMONDS" box="[1116,1305,2019,2042]" firstAuthor="EDMONDS" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref25450" refString="EDMONDS W. D. 1994: Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Contributions in Science of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 443: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">EDMONDS (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, the
<typeStatus id="4C39883E8A26FFB1FA98F849EC73F7A8" pageId="12" pageNumber="459" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was fixed by monotypy (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A26FFB1FBA0F7A9EBEFF7A8" box="[1141,1225,2051,2074]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="459">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). The type locality provided by the labels (
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A27FFB0FE4CF8CBEED6F8CA" box="[409,496,1889,1912]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) and the morphology of the specimen are consistent with those mentioned in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FE4FF80BED28F80A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[410,526,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FE4FF80BED28F80A" box="[410,526,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FDF4F80BED53F80A" box="[545,629,1953,1976]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FD59F80BEFCBF86A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FD59F80BEFCBF86A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FF28F86BEE5AF86A" box="[253,380,1985,2008]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Figs 16–18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FE5DF86BEE83F86A" box="[392,421,1985,2008]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FE67F86BEEF6F86A" box="[434,464,1985,2008]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FE09F86BEEDEF86A" box="[476,504,1985,2008]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">59</figureCitation>
) was originally described as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FEBAF84BEEC7F84A" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[367,481,2017,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FEBAF84BEEC7F84A" box="[367,481,2017,2040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FE27F84BED57F84A" box="[498,625,2017,2040]" captionStart-0="Figs 10–12" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,182,2061,2080]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetBox-1="[329,1263,1275,2048]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetId-1="figure-548@10.[325,1263,1272,2051]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976087" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5976087/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FDABF84BEDBDF84A" box="[638,667,2017,2040]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FD7CF84BEDE1F84A" box="[681,711,2017,2040]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FD06F84BEDC9F84A" box="[723,751,2017,2040]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">57</figureCitation>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FF6EF7ABEE76F7AA" author="BATES" box="[187,336,2049,2072]" firstAuthor="BATES" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">BATES (1887)</bibRefCitation>
. Later, the name was deemed a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FB95F8CBEB95F8CA" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[1088,1203,1889,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FB95F8CBEB95F8CA" box="[1088,1203,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FB35F8CBEABAF8CA" author="EDMONDS" box="[1248,1436,1889,1912]" firstAuthor="EDMONDS" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref25450" refString="EDMONDS W. D. 1994: Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Contributions in Science of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 443: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">EDMONDS (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FCBEF82BEBB7F82A" author="EDMONDS &amp; ZIDEK" box="[875,1169,1921,1944]" firstAuthor="EDMONDS" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref25590" refString="EDMONDS W. D. &amp; ZIDEK J. 2012: Taxonomy of Phanaeus revisited: Revised keys to and comments on species of the New World dung beetle genus Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Insecta Mundi 274: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">EDMONDS &amp; ZÍDEK (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FAA7F82BECE1F80A" author="ARNAUD" firstAuthor="ARNAUD" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" refId="ref24193" refString="ARNAUD P. 2002: Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus. Hillside Books, Canterbury, 151 pp." type="book" year="2002">ARNAUD (2002)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FB9DF80BEB9EF80A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1096,1208,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FB9DF80BEB9EF80A" box="[1096,1208,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FCE9F86BEC8DF86A" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[828,939,1985,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FCE9F86BEC8DF86A" box="[828,939,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We believe that
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FBB6F86BEBF4F86A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1123,1234,1985,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FBB6F86BEBF4F86A" box="[1123,1234,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
merits full species status. The typical green chromatic phases of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FAFEF84BEABAF84A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1323,1436,2017,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FAFEF84BEABAF84A" box="[1323,1436,2017,2040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FC96F7ABECE6F7AA" box="[835,960,2049,2072]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FC1EF7ABECC1F7AA" box="[971,999,2049,2072]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">59</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FBF6F7ABEBB5F7AA" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[1059,1171,2049,2072]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FBF6F7ABEBB5F7AA" box="[1059,1171,2049,2072]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FB74F7ABEA38F7AA" box="[1185,1310,2049,2072]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FAFDF7ABEA60F7AA" box="[1320,1350,2049,2072]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A27FFB0FA84F7ABEA4BF7AA" box="[1361,1389,2049,2072]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">57</figureCitation>
) are similar. Nevertheless, the red-green chromatic phase is only found in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEE3FF74EE8FFF47" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[310,425,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEE3FF74EE8FFF47" box="[310,425,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FE6FFF74ED2BFF47" box="[442,525,222,245]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FD50FF74EDD1FF47" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[645,759,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FD50FF74EDD1FF47" box="[645,759,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
never shows a deep blue-green chromatic phase as seen in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FF61FEB4EE00FE87" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[180,294,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FF61FEB4EE00FE87" box="[180,294,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FEE2FEB4EEAFFE87" box="[311,393,286,309]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, major males of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FD31FEB4EFCBFEE7" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FD31FEB4EFCBFEE7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always show the posteromedial process of pronotum strongly produced into a slender denticle (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD74FEF4EDD5FEC7" box="[673,755,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FF42FED4EF92FE27" box="[151,180,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FF17FED4EFC6FE27" box="[194,224,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">49</figureCitation>
; small denticle in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FE67FED4ED03FE27" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[434,549,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FE67FED4ED03FE27" box="[434,549,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDE3FED4EDADFE27" box="[566,651,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD4CFED4ED9EFE27" box="[665,696,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">46</figureCitation>
). The convex interstriae separates
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FE1CFE34ED1FFE07" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[457,569,414,437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FE1CFE34ED1FFE07" box="[457,569,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD92FE34EDE4FE07" box="[583,706,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
) and closely related species with flat interstriae (
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDABFE14EDD6FE67" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[638,752,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDABFE14EDD6FE67" box="[638,752,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FF42FE74EE30FE47" box="[151,278,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEF7FE74EE8EFE47" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[290,424,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEF7FE74EE8EFE47" box="[290,424,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. coeruleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FE6DFE74ED2CFE47" box="[440,522,478,501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,2061,2080]" captionTargetBox="[329,1263,1275,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-548@10.[325,1263,1272,2051]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5976087/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDC2FE74EDE7FE47" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[535,705,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDC2FE74EDE7FE47" box="[535,705,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD1CFE74EFF9FDA7" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C7FD66148A27FFB0FCEEF913EBB3F8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" startId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" targetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A27FFB0FCEEF913EBB3F8AE" blockId="13.[827,1438,1721,1820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">
Figs 16–18.
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FC7DF913EB90F97E" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[936,1206,1721,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FC7DF913EB61F97E" box="[936,1095,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FB9BF913EB90F97E" author="Bates" box="[1102,1206,1721,1740]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAC557F58A27FFB0FB15F913EA2CF97E" box="[1216,1290,1721,1740]" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 –
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A27FFB0FA59F979EB3AF8B3" authority="Olsoufieff, 1924" authorityName="Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A27FFB0FA59F979ECA3F8B3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="460">P. tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FC58F944EB3AF8B3" author="Olsoufieff" box="[909,1052,1774,1793]" firstAuthor="Olsoufieff" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref27631" refString="OLSOUFIEFF G. ൽ' 1924: Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera-Lamellicornia). Famille Scarabaeidae - Tr. Coprini. Insecta, Revue Illustree d'Entomologique 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">Olsoufieff, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A27FFB0FCE9F8A3ECC6F8AE" author="OLSOUFIEFF" box="[828,992,1801,1820]" firstAuthor="OLSOUFIEFF" pageId="13" pageNumber="460" pagination="4 - 172" refId="ref27631" refString="OLSOUFIEFF G. D' 1924: Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera-Lamellicornia). Famille Scarabaeidae - Tr. Coprini. Insecta, Revue Illustree d'Entomologique 13: 4 - 172." type="journal article" year="1924">OLSOUFIEFF (1924)</bibRefCitation>
. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A24FFB3FF60FDB4ED2AFCA7" blockId="14.[151,763,190,1333]" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">
Additionally, the minor males of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDCAFDB4EDA9FD87" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[543,655,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDCAFDB4EDA9FD87" box="[543,655,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the posteromedial process and the posterolateral angles of pronotum produced into three small conical tubercles (as in
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FF63FDD4EE2EFD27" box="[182,264,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
; the posteromedial process obsolete and the posterolateral angles carinate in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDD5FD34ED55FD07" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[512,627,670,693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDD5FD34ED55FD07" box="[512,627,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FD59FD34EFCBFD67" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FD59FD34EFCBFD67" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEF4FD14EEB7FD67" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[289,401,702,725]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEF4FD14EEB7FD67" box="[289,401,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are partially sympatric (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD4FFD14EDCCFD67" box="[666,746,702,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
), but the pronotal morphology is consistent and likely hybrid specimens were not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A24FFB3FF60FCB4ED0EFB47" blockId="14.[151,763,190,1333]" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FF60FCB4EE88FC87" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[181,430,798,821]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FF60FCB4EE88FC87" box="[181,430,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Phanaeus substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FE6EFCB4ED13FC87" box="[443,565,798,821]" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDEAFCB4ED7AFC87" box="[575,604,798,821]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDB0FCB4EDA4FC87" box="[613,642,798,821]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">48</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD59FCB4ED8EFC87" box="[652,680,798,821]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">58</figureCitation>
) is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEDCFC94EE5DFCE7" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[265,379,830,853]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEDCFC94EE5DFCE7" box="[265,379,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter is distinguished by the elytral interstriae distinctly convex (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDF3FCF4ED83FCC7" box="[550,677,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
; elytral interstriae distinctly flattened in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDDFFCD4ED91FC27" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[522,695,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDDFFCD4ED91FC27" box="[522,695,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD1CFCD4EFFAFC07" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
) and the presence of green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDF6FC34ED82FC07" box="[547,676,926,949]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD66FC34EDE9FC07" box="[691,719,926,949]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">59</figureCitation>
) or green-red (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FED2FC14EE74FC67" box="[263,338,958,981]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
) specimens in its populations (specimens always dark blue in
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEBAFC74ED35FC47" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[367,531,990,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEBAFC74ED35FC47" box="[367,531,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDF5FC74EDBCFC47" box="[544,666,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD70FC74EDE4FC47" box="[677,706,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">48</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FD18FC74EDCDFC47" box="[717,747,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">58</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FF42FC54EE7AFBA7" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,348,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FF42FC54EE7AFBA7" box="[151,348,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FE44FC54ED10FBA7" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[401,566,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FE44FC54ED10FBA7" box="[401,566,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not sympatric (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FF4AFBB4EFD4FB87" box="[159,242,1054,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FEDDFBB4EEE9FB87" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[264,463,1054,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FEDDFBB4EEE9FB87" box="[264,463,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Phanaeus herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was figured by DELOYA &amp; COBARRUBIAS-MELGAR (2014) instead of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FD87FB94EDE7FBE7" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[594,705,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FD87FB94EDE7FBE7" box="[594,705,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. daphnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A24FFB3FD1BFB94EE08FBC7" author="ARNAUD" firstAuthor="ARNAUD" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref24103" refString="ARNAUD P. 1982 a: Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris [Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae]. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle S erie) 4 (3): 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982" yearSuffix="a">ARNAUD (1982a)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FE75FBF4ED31FBC7" authorityName="Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" box="[416,535,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FE75FBF4ED31FBC7" box="[416,535,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. tricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FDF2FBF4ED53FBC7" box="[551,629,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) as a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FE71FBD4ED3CFB27" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[420,538,1150,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FE71FBD4ED3CFB27" box="[420,538,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. herbeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, we were not able to revise the
<typeStatus id="4C39883E8A24FFB3FE64FB34ED35FB07" box="[433,531,1182,1205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A24FFB3FDE0FB34ED8CFB07" authorityName="Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" box="[565,682,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FDE0FB34ED8CFB07" box="[565,682,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">P. tricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but its original description and illustration are fairly detailed and allowed us to confirm this synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A24FFB3FF42FB54EEC6FA87" pageId="14" pageNumber="461" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A24FFB3FF42FB54EEC6FA87" blockId="14.[151,763,190,1333]" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A24FFB3FF42FB54EE0BFAA7" bold="true" box="[151,301,1278,1301]" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A24FFB3FEE2FB54EEA9FAA7" box="[311,399,1278,1301]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Estado de
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A24FFB3FDC1FB54ED4CFAA7" box="[532,618,1278,1301]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">México</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A24FFB3FDADFB54EDD2FAA7" box="[632,756,1278,1301]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A24FFB3FF42FAB4EFD4FA87" box="[151,242,1310,1333]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Morelos</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A24FFB3FEFDFAB4EE54FA87" box="[296,370,1310,1333]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Puebla</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A24FFB3FE54FAB4EEF2FA87" box="[385,468,1310,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="461">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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