157 lines
17 KiB
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157 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a2a489e7-6dee-4b7a-8c5d-a4198471a78a" ID-PMC="PMC7165198" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-145-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1D1F657369BC5576B9B90C78DB99BEE9" ID-PubMed="32327925" ModsDocID="1314-2003-145-47" checkinTime="1586624866106" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lu, Zhiqiang" docDate="2020" docId="1A9331E7C13E57E89DFA4FD63DBF3C91" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 145: 47-56" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 145" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488" docTitle="Carpinus gigabracteatus Z. Qiang Lu 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="1D1F657369BC5576B9B90C78DB99BEE9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="1D1F657369BC5576B9B90C78DB99BEE9" masterDocTitle="Carpinus gigabracteatus, a new species from southeast Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668139759593" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Carpinus gigabracteatus, a new species from southeast Yunnan, China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lu, Zhiqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China & Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">luzhiqiang@xtbg.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-145-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1D1F657369BC5576B9B90C78DB99BEE9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163551238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A9331E7C13E57E89DFA4FD63DBF3C91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A9331E7C13E57E89DFA4FD63DBF3C91" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName LSID="1A9331E7-C13E-57E8-9DFA-4FD63DBF3C91" authority="Z. Qiang Lu" authorityName="Z. Qiang Lu" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus gigabracteatus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigabracteatus" status="sp. nov.">Carpinus gigabracteatus Z. Qiang Lu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Carpinus gigabracteatus Z. Qiang Lu A the whole plant, habitat and location B branches with infructescences and leaves C infructescences D leaf E bracts F nutlet." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398969" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Carpinus gigabracteatus Z. Qiang Lu was drawn from Z. Q. Lu 2019 GY 0801 (HITBC)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398970" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="大苞鹅耳枥">大苞鹅耳枥</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Z. Qiang Lu" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus gigabracteatus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigabracteatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Carpinus gigabracteatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tsaiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="tsaiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C. tsaiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by leaf length to width ratio 1.4-2.0 (compared to 2.0-2.4), lateral veins impressed adaxially, 9-14 lateral veins on each side of the midvein (compared to 14-18), bract length 3.9-4.8 cm (compared to 2.5-3.0 cm) and bract length to width ratio 2.3-3.1 (compared to 1.5-2.1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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China. Yunnan: Wenshan Prefecture,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="23.159721">23°09'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="104.09806">104°05'53"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1591 m alt., karst limestone hill, 23 Sep 2019,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Z.Q. Lu 2019GY0801</emphasis>
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(holotype, HITBC; isotypes, HITBC and LZU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Tree to 8 m tall, deciduous; bark grey, smooth. Branchlets black-brown, glabrescent. Petiole 7-14 mm, densely yellow pubescent when young, glabrescent in the following few months; leaves alternate, leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic or ovate, usually 7-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-7 cm, length to width ratio 1.4-2.0, leathery, abaxially sericeous-villous or sparsely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely villous when young, base rounded, rounded-cuneate or cordate, margin regularly or irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, significantly impressed adaxially. Male inflorescence pendulous, spicate-cymose, cylindrical, enclosed by buds during winter, with many overlapping bracts, 1.0-3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.6 cm when mature; flowers without bracteoles, inserted at base of bracts. Female inflorescence terminal or axillary on dwarf shoots, racemose; flowers paired; bracts leaf-like, complanate, overlapping. Mature infructescence 8.0-12.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.0-5.5 cm; peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm, densely yellow hirsute; giant bracts loosely overlapping, 3.9-4.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.4-1.8 cm, abaxially densely yellow hirsute along reticulate veins, outer margin coarsely dentate and rarely entire, commonly without but sometimes with basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acuminate; veins 5-6. Nutlet ovoid-ellipsoid, 5.3-7.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.0-5.5 mm, densely pubescent, densely villous at apex, densely brown resinous glandular, prominently 9 or 11-ribbed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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This hornbeam from southeast Yunnan has extremely large bracts, which are distinctly different from other closely related hornbeams, and therefore is given the epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="gigabracteatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="gigabracteatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">gigabracteatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Flowering from April to May and fruiting from July to September.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Habitat, distribution and conservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Up to now, only one
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gigabracteatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="gigabracteatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C. gigabracteatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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population has been collected from southeast Yunnan. For its population census, only six mature trees (6-8 m in height) and 13 seedlings grow on a steep karst limestone hill. To the present
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<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
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knowledge, the bract size of this species is now the largest across the whole hornbeam genus in China. Hence, it has great horticultural and ornamental value and some people like to dig them up to grow them as ornamental trees. Manual digging involves removing lots of large rocks on the limestone hill where this new species grows, resulting in significant damage to the habitat. So far, no other population has been found, even though multiple rounds of field surveys in Wenshan Prefecture and adjacent regions have been carried out in the years from 2013 to 2019. Therefore, this hornbeam is exposed to significant threats from human activity due to its rarity and horticultural and ornamental value. According to the IUCN Categories and Criteria (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytataxonomica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2016. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
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), the present author here classifies this species as "Critically Endangered" (CR). Fortunately, these mature trees can provide the possibility to expand population based on seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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China. Yunnan: Wenshan Prefecture,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="23.159721">23°09'35"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="104.09806">104°05'53"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1591 m alt., karst limestone hill, 23 Sep 2019,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Z.Q. Lu 2019GY0802</emphasis>
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; the same locality, 10 July 2019,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Z.Q. Lu 20189801-Z.Q. Lu 20189804.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.49488.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398971" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Phenotypic differentiation of bract length and width, across all Chinese hornbeam species according to
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.375" author="Holstein, N" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B3" refString="Holstein, N, Weigend, M, 2017. No taxon left behind? - a critical taxonomic checklist of Carpinus and Ostrya (Coryloideae, Betulaceae). European Journal of Taxonomy 375: 1 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.375" title="No taxon left behind? - a critical taxonomic checklist of Carpinus and Ostrya (Coryloideae, Betulaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.375" volume="375" year="2017">Holstein and Weigend (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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. Data from all examined specimens in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Specimens preserved in herbarium used for morphological comparison." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E181F502EFE4FAA2282E7900786FC66B" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="E181F502EFE4FAA2282E7900786FC66B">1</tableCitation>
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and descriptions by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hu, HH" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytataxonomica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="281 - 298" refId="B4" refString="Hu, HH, 1964. The materials on the monography of genus Carpinus L. of China. Acta Phytataxonomica Sinica 9 (3): 281 - 298" title="The materials on the monography of genus Carpinus L. of China." volume="9" year="1964">Hu (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1981.tb00386.x" author="Qi, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Nanjing Technological College of Forest Products" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="123 - 126" refId="B11" refString="Qi, CJ, 1981. Three new woody species from Hunan Province. Journal of Nanjing Technological College of Forest Products 3: 123 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1981.tb00386.x" title="Three new woody species from Hunan Province." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1981.tb00386.x" volume="3" year="1981">Qi (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Liang, SB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Botanical Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="33 - 34" refId="B8" refString="Liang, SB, Zhao, FZ, 1991. A new species of Carpinus from Shandong. Bulletin of Botanical Research 11 (2): 33 - 34" title="A new species of Carpinus from Shandong." volume="11" year="1991">Liang and Zhao (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, PC" editor="Wu, C Y" journalOrPublisher="4). Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="86 - 313" refId="B6" refString="Li, PC, Skvortsov, AK, 1999. Betulaceae. In: Wu, C Y, Raven, PH, Eds., Flora of China (Vol. 4). Science Press, Beijing: 86 - 313" title="Betulaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of China (Vol." year="1999">Li and Skvortsov (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Tong, YH" journalOrPublisher="Redai Yaredai Zhiwu Xuebao" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="121 - 124" refId="B12" refString="Tong, YH, Pang, KS, Xia, NH, 2014. Carpinus insularis (Betulaceae), A new species from Hong Kong, China. Redai Yaredai Zhiwu Xuebao 22 (2): 121 - 124" title="Carpinus insularis (Betulaceae), A new species from Hong Kong, China." volume="22" year="2014">Tong et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.2.6" author="Lu, ZQ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="185 - 193" refId="B9" refString="Lu, ZQ, Liu, SY, Yang, XY, Liang, QL, Yang, YZ, Zhang, D, Milne, R, Liu, JQ, 2017. Carpinus langaoensis (Betulaceae), a new hornbeam species from the Daba Mountains in Shaanxi, China. Phytotaxa 295 (2): 185 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.2.6" title="Carpinus langaoensis (Betulaceae), a new hornbeam species from the Daba Mountains in Shaanxi, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.2.6" volume="295" year="2017">Lu et al. (2017</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.98.23639" author="Lu, ZQ" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B10" refString="Lu, ZQ, Li, Y, Yang, XY, Liu, JQ, 2018. Carpinus tibetana (betulaceae), a new species from southeast Tibet, China. PhytoKeys 98: 1 - 13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.98.23639" title="Carpinus tibetana (betulaceae), a new species from southeast Tibet, China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.98.23639" volume="98" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Those hornbeams, whose bracts are without lobes or rarely with inconspicuous lobes at the base of inner margins, are in bold.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |