373 lines
46 KiB
XML
373 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="38510A0C005D645539BD67A75B0D45D0">Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB216C85AE38261CAD963873654E5D60">Aguila, Rayner Nunez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EA20AEE9672DBA1BC0B23BED3A8E68E">Plasencia, Edelquis Oliva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB94B70B0F92C43F89CB1D1467FE6576">Maravi, Pavel F. Matos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2C616A347B18675D4B166A61EE5A6E1">Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5EDC17BA320A0ABED69A76B0DD5CD778">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D5CA0C76CAE1C8793B76447C33BF4770">165</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="61A9A98F28721ACCD425CD3739DC8109" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="19983C4B90F5F35A21AA16A41131730D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19983C4B90F5F35A21AA16A41131730D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19983C4B90F5F35A21AA16A41131730D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" scope_family="Nymphalidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_subFamily="Satyrinae">
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<subSubSection id="BA8FBE91D0BE89F4D230E9C2B470B2F9" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8605F2E5E51AA8C4CDB76848FA3EAF44" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="07D8A88B1A920E97B6C91EB2FACC148C" ID-CoL="5X5ZY" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calisto_smintheus" authority="Bates, 1935" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus Bates, 1935</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="06DD2910A81B4F98F21B8591D3FA5944" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 4-62633414956, 576366-74
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4374805C484E01483F11B9BDD09225A4" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BA5BC76BCE681F99D2381AB6DD66333E" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="F988FF1B78075591515FD9BAFBB33F1D" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="3F9BA761613AAA9163BCF4349E3A6FDF" author="Bates, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="229 - 248" title="The satyrid genus Calisto." volume="8" year="1935">Bates 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 242
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D342D1BEB52E5BD5192387C1A0C94A5" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="C42EB8F9BCEBCFAE1C4C3A28230838D2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto delos" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delos">Calisto delos</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="29D5CC7F10238F81141142F7A915699E" author="Bates, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="229 - 248" title="The satyrid genus Calisto." volume="8" year="1935">Bates 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 243,
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<bibRefCitation id="61145A12440BA0322FC18D4CAB024A82" author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 6" title="A review of the genus Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyridae)." volume="1236" year="1943">Michener 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 6,
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<bibRefCitation id="518C4522E6491B51AC6E553CD42BD573" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Schwartz and Hedges 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 136
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="30A9775FA9ED5609B94D8D34F9C463F5" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="61A8F80D007B0D79350B4330CCDEDDFC" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus subsp. smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smintheus" subSpecies="smintheus">Calisto smintheus smintheus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="A18CB25F4A2C9F66C1AB03885621ABA7" author="Bates, M" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 4" title="Notes on Cuban butterflies II." volume="13" year="1939">Bates 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 3,
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<bibRefCitation id="6411D7F3D25E0C3AB3C5C64C1037C6CD" author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 6" title="A review of the genus Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyridae)." volume="1236" year="1943">Michener 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 6,
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<bibRefCitation id="86890C570D3ABF5DA246343CB5EC8960" author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 226,
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<bibRefCitation id="BDB3C6ABCB915AE09B9E504F1904159A" author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 70" title="Datos taxonomicos sobre lepidopteros, con notas sobre algunas species cubanas, segunda parte." volume="21" year="1952">Torre 1952</bibRefCitation>
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: 62,
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<bibRefCitation id="6385964F59E7037B4563D2CD96C07511" author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="113 - 128" title="An annotated listo of the butterflies and skippers of Cuba (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)." volume="62" year="1954">Torre 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 120,
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<bibRefCitation id="89E637ABBFB8E9DF6B68C300FF20CB8B" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 18,
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<bibRefCitation id="7764A60893ED0E61C34A1C7803CC3AB1" author="Nunez, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="46 - 58" title="Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)." volume="2087" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken id="5F32BE45B6FA4C01842606004673F34A" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 56
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2D7977F1B857BEDE96D8CE283C05396" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="02F90FF9A777775EDC719776489D330F" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus subsp. delos" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smintheus" subSpecies="delos">Calisto smintheus delos</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="06F6F84666C060197C1BAAF20ABBA5DD" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 19
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4CECE64621AF3F0AD0AAF734D0E6F1B3" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="8B5D832A935640EA1FAD0F5D00D42005" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto biocellatus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biocellatus">Calisto biocellatus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="E2A23CBF564498DF1344A590B54DE7B5" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B3B2EDB995E887278D6ED3F2F06928F" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="962C71D311F989D25C3E711175347B98" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla subsp. smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sibylla" subSpecies="smintheus">Calisto sibylla smintheus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="643C3B0AE024D970846969597ACB0335" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Brown and Heineman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 51,
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<bibRefCitation id="B9307C925A28DBEF966BE0215D7F1623" author="Fontenla, JL" journalOrPublisher="Poeyana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 13" title="Sistema de poblaciones de Calisto sibylla Bates, 1934 (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) en Cuba." volume="395" year="1990">
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Fontenla and
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<normalizedToken id="5BDEE6C663985F24564BBF55B43C26BD" originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 8,
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<bibRefCitation id="0FF7F0E1F4371D6464042FCC9368A443" author="Smith, DS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" title="The Butterflies of the West Indies and South Florida." year="1994">Smith et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 57,
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<bibRefCitation id="14CEBF9EB954E6F12A9FA9481C66A43C" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 207
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A54287D0A6DA7ACC7BD6ED40C3580F0" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="1E91E12F98ACADDF27D9D06302360DC2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla subsp. delos" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sibylla" subSpecies="delos">Calisto sibylla delos</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="B4F8136ACFF2ED9C74C5B68263EB5EB7" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Brown and Heineman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 51,
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<bibRefCitation id="EA5528032698D1A3C86CE8E36F242165" author="Smith, DS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" title="The Butterflies of the West Indies and South Florida." year="1994">Smith et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 57,
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<bibRefCitation id="97B1CC1B074F539B69193D7278EA53B6" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 207
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="592FDD604A45D8A4D427FD03EE0F7583" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DDDA2A6672748F381C290A8DEA849201" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="055F340B242B4B625F849A047C4FBE00" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="30CA5CFB89C51E4A5C8183BCE748E802" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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requires comparison with some of its cogeners. Within Cuba, the more similar species is
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<taxonomicName id="6B2F343F9B9B261067CD81677E7C1722" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto brochei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brochei">Calisto brochei</taxonomicName>
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,but
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<taxonomicName id="4F3FC7E2802153054A75E1A3E84C75D0" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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adults are larger on the average (19-25 mm of FWL versus 16-22 mm in
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<taxonomicName id="CEE62CAC79441F2CCC4B7F23E23CC566" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto brochei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brochei">Calisto brochei</taxonomicName>
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), have a reddish suffusion around anal lobe at the UPHW, and are darker and more brightly colored at UN of wings. The androconial patch has a rounded outer margin in
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<taxonomicName id="41C3A7F113ED7519EFCB085FD9771789" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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, but it is sinuous, forming three rounded lobes in
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<taxonomicName id="5FAE28708EC3431B246AE4E7ED08EA62" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto brochei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brochei">Calisto brochei</taxonomicName>
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.Almost all other Cuban relatives except
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<taxonomicName id="0C1AFB49AD1D77C5F462453C2EC704AD" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto israeli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="israeli">Calisto israeli</taxonomicName>
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, are paler and have fewer white dots at the post discal area on UNHW.
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<taxonomicName id="177FEA0C6B2864C0F2E82A4B37F9AE98" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
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has also four white dots at UNHW, but is paler and smaller on the average, 14-21 mm versus 19-25 mm in
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<taxonomicName id="5BAA2ECE4841C4F8EFE1717066A32478" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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. Outside Cuba, the Bahamian
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<taxonomicName id="D808EB651C83E31AB5FE321258936053" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibylla">Calisto sibylla</taxonomicName>
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lacks red at the UNFW cell and the reddish suffusion at anal lobe; and in general, is a paler species. The Hispaniolan
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<taxonomicName id="B2E510A3AE8B9D67D85BF9D6791E973A" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto confusa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">Calisto confusa</taxonomicName>
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Lathy, 1899,
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<taxonomicName id="449BE2BA7E6C43DC5486B45EB68C077F" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto hysius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hysius">Calisto hysius</taxonomicName>
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(Godart [1824]) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91B787A17ADC8DAA0E004BA6B442F4B5" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto obscura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Calisto obscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
Michener, 1943, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9144C9E958F2306682C4DED0E97EE89" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto pauli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauli">Calisto pauli</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johnson & Hedges, 1998 are superficially similar but all are distinctly smaller (13-18 mm) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AE88FD56BCD785083BF26338560BF72" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BDC57AF57834F782E492B4522230A030" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B68EFBF682B8B50184F851A0AF518D20" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D861A8E943CA2CB99B7D8F2F1464DA66" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
FWL: 19-25 mm ♂ & ♀. Male UPFW dark brown except darker, almost black, androconial patch and postdiscal area adjacent to androconial patch and tornus, pale brown (Fig. 4). Androconial patch distinct except at base anterior limit, approximately triangular with outer margin rounded, anterior margin not entering into cell, about one half the length of FW (Fig. 33). Female UPFW dark grayish brown at basal two thirds, outer third pale grayish brown (Fig. 5). UPHW dark grayish brown at anterior two thirds, pale grayish brown at posterior third; anal lobe ferruginous, occupying apical half of posterior margin in some specimens. UN of wings brown heavily mixed with reddish and, toward base, pale yellow scales; apex of both wings and basal to pdl of HW with a dark wine hue (Figs 6, 26). Outer edge of pdl with bright yellow scaling. Post discal area at UNHW with four white dots at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFB7941E2A69EA6DBD2E4206BAD5FE82" originalValue="Rs–M">Rs-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
1, M1-M2, M2-M3, and M3-Cu1, the last one slightly displaced toward outer margin and smaller, sometimes absent in rubbed specimens. Male genitalia with tegumen about two thirds the length of uncus, rounded at posterior half (Fig. 41); uncus gradually tapering toward apex, arched at apical third; digitiform projection of valvae slender and long, straight at both margins; aedeagus sinuated with a left curve both at basal and apical half. Female genitalia with dorsal crown tall (Fig. 49); corpus bursae broad, about two thirds the length of ductus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="31747BE16FC3C49298203A9D6DC663EA" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="99E493E99F7311331DFD7672F39AF627" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Figures 67-74. Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9806814CAED1A22FE6EF3200591CCD2" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 67 First instar 68 Second instar 69 Fifth instar, lateral view 70 Fifth instar, dorsal view 71 Fifth instar head capsule, scale bar 1 mm. 72 Pupa, lateral view 73 Pupa, ventral view 74 Pupa, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="097E199F4B881A2D7A9A9589F0614453" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="1726D2269A1079325083182041EF1B0E" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C7B5AEE3E2BFC34587B73A0C134DF89" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Holotype♂: Sierra del Cobre, Loma del Gato 3000 ft,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B62D365787F85759D81E6BE8BBA1837" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.009167">20°00'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="838FA45F5D12D615C56A094CA7F2266F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.03778">76°02'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25-30/IX/1935, S. C. Bruner. MCZ, examined. Paratypes 8 ♂, 4 ♀:
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="EB30E3E8CCCA18BEEF9160DCB34B7302" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" start="start">same</pageBreakToken>
|
||
data as for holotype except 2700-3300 ft, S. C. Bruner, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin. MCZ, CZACC, examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D2749A210523B6846A077D1E021C666" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12E558CB62AEC0C85DC20893E8607667" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto delos" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delos">Calisto delos</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="35CB7205D4E42C69E8FE3CFBD61B250E" author="Bates, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="229 - 248" title="The satyrid genus Calisto." volume="8" year="1935">Bates 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: holotype ♂, Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Pico Turquino, Loma Cordero (actually Cardero) 4000-6000 ft, 1 August 1935, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39CBAF091AB56A1892AAA77C76B2E26B" originalValue="Acuña">Acuna</normalizedToken>
|
||
; paratype ♂, Pico Turquino, Julio 22 de 1922, S. C. Bruner & C. H. Ballou, EEA Cuba No. 1652. MCZ, examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14BC27F94481CC6AD913A883417A5EAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="426C522F6F6911D9782392070E896DD3" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto biocellatus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biocellatus">Calisto biocellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Torre 1968: holotype ♂, Turquino, Pico Cuba 1872 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="44A3E0EC13667745EFD3E3F052808C3F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.985666">19°59'8.4"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="770D39DD10765619A25F11303DF80C2C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.84231">76°50'32.3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VI/1963, F. de Zayas, P. Alayo & I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56A269804B7F35ED2B11D8B46BACFFE5" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
; allotype ♀: same data as for holotype. CZACC, examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A45BFF5C6CB423AF66C08FD5B3105428" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="additional material">
|
||
<paragraph id="4320D0542DCFF30E7FB4728BDC1A7C60" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="50F253C33CB357E08BEB05A0D47D5ACD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
88 ♂, 33 ♀. Granma:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BFE86F775205812E449DA212E9E4B3B5" originalValue="Bartolomé">Bartolome</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DECB6903BBAC72F46350B66AA30A82FA" originalValue="Masó">Maso</normalizedToken>
|
||
, La Platica 850 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6E97C75DBC901ADBAF9D471774123B0F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.015028">20°00'54.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BB2CD8A89563B00789B09D4C2D2D3A28" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.89122">76°53'28.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26/XI/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="06365FC69BB118E050BA328640B448C2" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide RNA175(androconial sclaes), DNA voucher PM07-05 (3 ♂); same data as for anterior except V/2008 (2 ♂). Santiago de Cuba: Aguada de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5FA38484506E5299E41DAD32424754A7" originalValue="Joaquín">Joaquin</normalizedToken>
|
||
1300 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CE9653CA303DC6A0C462D1C5DA9544F3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.014">20°00'50.4"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CC33D27F918A54D58BB5590A7869AFDD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.840225">76°50'24.8"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-27/I/2005, A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42D02B38E4DB8FE2443C5F095DF83E2A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, A. Barro & R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C89AF904A376FE60BEA97928F3E61D23" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♂ in glycerin, slides RNA238(wings)/243(legs & labial palpus) (2 ♂, 1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 30/XI/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F8006DA5B939C821791FF5B94A7B31A" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♀ in glycerin, slide RNA190(wings) (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Sierra Maetra, Pico
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5EDE1128A2B4FD626BA6B84D75DBFDF" originalValue="Joaquín">Joaquin</normalizedToken>
|
||
5300 ft,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E792E91C8E764BFD13DD470B7C4734C8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.987778">19°59'16"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F71644962DD102E847B85D90F5A1AA62" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.891945">76°53'31"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18/V/1948, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D101114E8430ED944B448687CEFEF0A8" originalValue="Ferrás">Ferras</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3 ♂); ladera sur Pico Regino 1500 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1F7B8C913D1E117A3AAFCD33B4CA8354" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.010555">20°00'38"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BD5D36908EDB9AAD231975FA8DB4B243" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.83584">76°50'9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29/XI/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D7B4B510AB5D0C2326F8F8978046D33" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♀ in glycerin, DNA voucher PM07-09 (M010) (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Sierra Maestra, 29/X/1941, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8D760BB65D5177F36021DC0E1733BFE" originalValue="Acuña">Acuna</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂); Turquino, June 1963, P. Alayo, slide RNA208(wings) (5 ♂); same data as for anterior except F. de Zayas, P. Alayo & I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32DCA8B53FCC8DC096B93BA7790E2C79" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♀); Pico Turquino 1972 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1ACB72F96FB41D1E204B4790B69CFA3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.989918">19°59'23.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7612BE785A9248335D7C089329309E5F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.83664">76°50'11.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4E0BAAC9CFC7E55D4163EA7423A98747" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide RNA275(legs & labial palpus) (10 ♂, 4 ♀); same data as for anterior except XII/1967, slides RNA225 (wings)/227(legs & labial palpus) (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, X/1985, M. G. Casanova,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF423F55E06673A29326B2403FB4E33C" originalValue="genitália">genitalia</normalizedToken>
|
||
♀ in glycerin (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Turquino, Pico Cuba 1872 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9E556C46E7BD900C324022C6E6694C5B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.985666">19°59'8.4"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABA6A9BECAB081C681EF2510CA1F0BBD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.84231">76°50'32.3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VI/1963, F. de Zayas, P. Alayo & I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B77B5668ACCA5F405B614DEFD6D4E010" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin, slides RNA186(androconial scales)/189/204/212(wings)/203/230/266 (legs & labial palpus) (10 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 17/I/2002, A. Barro & R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="48613E17672DDCBDCF9711755F755752" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♀); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Sierra del Cobre, Loma El Gato 2600 ft,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D6E514E1350A109DE2A72467AB4CE21B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.009167">20°00'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B6DE2B2CCC4B5B86B51837C752D2CA6B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.03778">76°02'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24-30 September 1935, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E74269F5D5D1E5C868BFAE53D4F8F27" originalValue="Acuña">Acuna</normalizedToken>
|
||
, S. C. Bruner & L. C. Scaramuzza (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, VIII/1942, Hno Crisogono (2 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 6/IX/1951, S. L. de la Torre, slide RNA228(wings) (8 ♂, 3 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 17-20 June 1952, F. de Zayas & P. Alayo (3 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 19 June 1952 (3 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 20 June 1952, slide RNA273(legs & labial palpus) (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 11/VIII/2008, E. Oliva, genitalia in glycerin, DNA vouchers PM07-13 (M030) & PM07-14 (M031) (2 ♂); same locality and date as for anterior, E. Fonseca (1 ♂); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Caney, Gran Piedra 1100 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E773A04A548BA77A660AA1CDCC2386D5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.008612">20°00'31"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16BF0DE4AC5DB006605CE1EE79A7BF53" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.6175">75°37'3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Junio 1954, F. de Zayas & P. Alayo (1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 23/IV/1955, P. Alayo, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Caney, Gran Piedra, El Olimpo 900 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DD2A697ACEEF8B37B46FBA3F41CE4A24" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.011389">20°00'41"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0574ED59D1509DDFBA0B76D169D8BB19" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.66167">75°39'42"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 Mayo 1955, F. de Zayas & P. Alayo, slide RNA234(wings) (1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 26 Abril 1956, genitalia ♂ in glycerin, slides RNA192/221(wings) (4 ♂, 2 ♀); same data as for anterior except VIII/1960, genitalia
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8411F079935D836ADE2FBC2C46060C7A" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" start="start">♀</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in glycerin, slides RNA185(androconial scales)/188/219/251(wings)/216/276(legs & labial palpus) (8 ♂, 3 ♀); same locality as for anterior, VI/1962, P. Alayo, F. de Zayas & I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56E39BFB1021A31A2EF268E47141238D" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 19/XII/1965 (4 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 6/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BF93FB21877AC2F21391A1A92742CC00" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♀ in glycerin, slide RNA274(legs & labial palpus) (3 ♂, 3 ♀); same locality as for anterior, VIII/1986 (1 ♀); Gran Piedra, base Gran Piedra 1200 m, 16/III/2008, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="137C9EE78D893EEDA557D8C69C2AB3D7" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4 ♂); Gran Piedra, pinar
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12F85029080DAEED90F2E4CEC79500EC" originalValue="detrás">detras</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5353CFC29715C7DB587C8BFF98638509" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
BIOECO 1100 m, 24/II/2011, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F5DC99C9E9CF86B63D64A6E890029501" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♀); same data as anterior except ex ova, emerged 17/V/2011 (1 ♀). MFP, CZACC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9980C6F881866BF18AAA2058353D8FC3" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="23EFF84D5929438C31D9A76F2078B605" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77A639363078008810708086E553FE4E" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Species is restricted to the Sierra Maestra. It has been recorded from Pico Mogote (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6D2403B295821A34E2C4BA6A53E7FB24" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Fontenla 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the east to 140 km west at La Platica (Figs 56, 57). Besides anterior literature data, species has been recorded from La Bayamesa, Granma province (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF91AD57E7E220824911045C91F3912D" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Fontenla 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9815F5B2BAA0B8F7032C5562D8BA71AC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="immature stages">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B2A39C7B346FDF7C8B2472AA28E6DD4" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Immature stages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8CE4B9999B2D7D57C2A831839D1A7FE9" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Egg & oviposition - Eggs are glued to substrate, spherical in shape and ivory white in color becoming beige with irregular orange brown spots a day after laid. Time to hatch 8 days (n=1).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A12A9CCF97FC5355EB8C5366F558A73E" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">First instar larva (Fig. 67) - Head capsule dark brown, almost black, with a bronze gloss and with two short horns on top. Body beige, greenish white on sides after fed on host leaves, with a dorsal line and four pairs of longitudinal pale orange brown lines: subdorsal, suprastigmatal, stigmatal, and infrastigmatal. Suprastigmatal line more greenish and the thinnest one, remainder lines more brownish and broader but subdorsal thinner than stigmatal and infrastigmatal lines. Dimensions (n=1): head capsule width 0.61 mm, head capsule height 0.64 mm, initial total length 2.9 mm, final total length 4.2 mm. Duration (n=1): 15 days.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4CE0A36AC0571ED6DADF9699D23BF3FA" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Second instar with beige brown head capsule with slightly darker marks, body pattern similar to first but with a pair of dots, one at each subdorsal line, at metathorax that is present in remainder instars (Fig. 68). Instars from third and fourth with the same pattern of fifth, described below, but paler, with lines less contrasting, subdorsal and suprastigmatal lines straighter and the stigmatal and infragstigmatal lines distinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D0BAF8E81C6CBFCC11CBAE113155FC2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Fifth instar larva (Figs 69-71) - Head capsule beige regularly speckled with numerous dark brown dots; horns reduced; sides with two pairs of dark brown spots, each pair almost equidistant between them and to dorsal and ventral edges; mandibles black;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6029345AFE16DDCABD5DD04737A33CE3" originalValue="X–">X-</normalizedToken>
|
||
mark of epicranium obsolete, represented only by a small rounded spot at apex of each arm, slightly darker than background. Body pale brown with brown striations; dorsum of each segment with darker
|
||
<normalizedToken id="785DEBCBFC2FD30A75926EC352DD1344" originalValue="“butterfly”">"butterfly"</normalizedToken>
|
||
like mark formed by small brown striations; lines slightly darker than background, except subdorsal which is pale yellow, lines becoming diffuse toward thorax; each abdominal segment with a transverse ashy gray band at beginning from dorsum to near suprastigmatal line and edged anteriorly by a brown dot at each end; dorsal line edged at beginning of each abdominal segment by two pale yellowish beige dots; a dark brown dot above subdorsal line on metathorax; subdorsal lines thinner than dorsal line, wavy, closer to dorsal line at middle of each segment, ending on caudal tails; suprastigmatal lines wavy following the wave pattern of subdorsal ones with dark brown dot above it near mid way to subdorsal, above it on each segment one pair of diffuse brown dots, one central, larger,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="58E6955F8CD27214992BF5CBA6A55028" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
other near posterior margin; stigmatal and infrastigmatal lines diffuse mixed; area behind and below whitish, the latter crossed the infrastigmatal line. Dimensions (n=1): head capsule width 2.55 mm, head capsule height 2.58 mm, initial total length 14 mm, final total length 22 mm. Duration (n=1): 19 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33ECDDF33C50C1D3D44454050FE3DFF3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Pupa (Figs 72-74) - Head and wing sheaths pale gray; antennae and leg sheaths with regular discontinuous pattern of dark brown dots; a pair of ventral black dots on eyes and another at sides of appendages near abdomen; wing sheaths edged at dorsum by an irregular dark brown large spot at middle; dorsum of thorax and abdomen pale gray with diffuse dark brown striations heavier at sides of dorsal ax forming a large spot on each side; abdomen with a dark brown line on sides, abdomen with a transverse ridge with a pair of more prominent crests on dorsum of segments 1 to 6; last abdominal segment long, stout, cremaster area enlarged, broad. Two days before emergence the dark brown extends covering almost entire thorax, extending gradually
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="94D36A5CACE7C0E805456952ED7D4C41" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" start="start">until</pageBreakToken>
|
||
occupying entire surface before emergence. Dimensions (n=1): total length 11 mm, maximum width 4.5 mm. Duration (n=1): 12 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="068023BAF9C3CFE6507E1C0C99042273" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" type="habitat and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="27EA25715380377BA4F1993932D30BF4" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">Habitat and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EFF50E62E649BA010402BE3BAFA654D2" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Throughout its range, the species inhabits evergreen and rainforests at altitudes between 800 m and 1500 m (Fig. 63). It is also found in cloud forest above 1500 m, and at the cloud scrub around Pico Turquino, 1972 m and Cuba highest peak. Individuals can be found in interior of forests but also at its edges. The species seems to prefer relatively well preserved areas but occasionally can be found at places with secondary vegetation. At La Platica village, Turquino massif, Sierra Maestra, the species was observed in shady places of gardens nearby forest, whereas, at Gran Piedra, it was found inside 25 year old pine plantations. Adults were observed feeding on flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA3D664CC42BE6605CA4850FBCE78A2A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Bourreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bourreria laevis" order="Boraginales" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">Bourreria laevis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21DC442A48992946BEEF401F90AECD68" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palicourea alpina" order="Gentianales" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Palicourea alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F1BA2B9AA29D9AFED32B2A9FA77B95D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pavonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pavonia fruticosa" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Pavonia fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D1B1008AF81BDC98F7652C14985F62A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mikania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mikania micrantha" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">Mikania micrantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C76A51ABC79C5208E7541D7DE07D8F8" genus="Stachyterpheta" lsidName="Stachyterpheta cayenensis" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rank="species" species="cayenensis">Stachyterpheta cayenensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in rainforest near La Platica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7CD72A7AC71F52B5B05C8E579DEAC8C" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Two females were observed when laid eggs singly at underside of leaves near midday. The host,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F50CFE12EDDC52326F8651FA62B7FAC" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ichnanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ichnanthus mayarensis" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mayarensis">Ichnanthus mayarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the first one recorded for the Cuban species of the genus.This small grass is common at forest understory, sometimes abundant along paths, of rainforests in the Turquino Massif. Larvae eat the entire corion after hatching and feed at night remaining inactive during the day in lower parts of the plant. Larvae accepted both substitute host plants. First instar was 15 days long and all other were 9 days long each. Prepupal period was one day long and pupal stage extended for 12 days. Immature development takes 80 days and five larval instars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E034385D9B0366335470B243C2819654" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED23A6076FEAB4FBA0A3BF7792D3DAC9" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C9C9429F585D168CF1B9BBF6116EB76" pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="024B188CB40C99DBDA6127010792A2A0" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C84DBFA9B68786ABEF2474A578EE34F0" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only members of the genusinhabiting the Sierra Maestra. Their altitudinal ranges overlap between 800 and 1100 m, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D7218EDCD94A2F8B6CE4CC19AEA43D3" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rare in places where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D6D2016475E9FD1B68F98E288CE80A3" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present and vice versa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="77F9F09ED1C33EADC7DFC95C9294BDB5" author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the possibility of hybridization between them but there is no evidence available from present work to confirm it. The phylogenetic inferences and genetic distances agree on the establishment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BF1703E7BB5903DEF6C803E8DB98A2B" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a single species with a minimum divergence of no lower than 5% from other Cuban
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB60DD850ACFC48D178A0ECC4CCEB5A3" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calisto</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa. The close phylogenetic relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D806F7F1A14897B7304929752B858BB" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3B27375B6F034818D74BF2116A13F5E" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto brochei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brochei">Calisto brochei</taxonomicName>
|
||
is discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |