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<document id="D19869A5C28D78B22ED1B4FC379C4B2F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cef7fa5-f64d-4988-b1b1-104c36ae02a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237836" ID-ZooBank="26251DCD-0660-4E4A-B5D1-FDC05BCFBE0F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461054300067" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T. &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2015" docId="1925031BFF923E20A1BBB5A9160FF97B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03956p182.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3956 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protopolybia holoxantha Ducke 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="E51C7B63FF9F3E2DA12CB53E136BFF90" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1698580667324" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D737BB75FC9DB0D2A6CB0BA627A82EC3">Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB5A9111CFF22" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Ducke, 1904" authorityName="Ducke" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,631,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB5A9111CFF22" bold="true" box="[151,631,151,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB5A912AFFF21" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A0FFB5A61104FF22" author="Ducke" box="[467,623,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Ducke, A. (1904) Sobre as Vespidas sociaes do Para. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 4, 317 - 374. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100023" type="journal article" year="1904">Ducke, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A1B3B5841221FF43" box="[159,330,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Figs 53, 55, 57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A079B58512F6FF43" box="[341,413,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">74, 81</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A085B58512ADFF43" box="[425,454,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 83 93. 83" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[367,1222,200,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[340,1248,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83 93. 83. Protopolybia exigua; 84. P. diligens; 85. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 86. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 87. P. similis sp. nov.; 88. P. holoxantha; 89 P. scutellaris; 90. P. bituberculata; 91. P. sedula; 92. P. bella; 93. P. nitida. Aedeagus in lateral and dorsal views. Scale 0, 2 mm. Par, preapical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237843/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">88</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB43E1173FE86" authority="Ducke 1904: 349" authorityName="Ducke" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,536,256,278]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB43E1234FE86" box="[151,351,256,278]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Polybia holoxantha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A04BB43E1173FE86" author="Ducke" box="[359,536,256,278]" page="349" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A04BB43E1283FE86" author="Ducke" box="[359,488,256,278]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Ducke, A. (1904) Sobre as Vespidas sociaes do Para. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 4, 317 - 374. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100023" type="journal article" year="1904">Ducke 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 349
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(
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: ♀
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A383B43E1185FE86" box="[687,750,256,278]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Oyapock [Oiapoque],
<date id="E53294CDFF923E20A2F2B43E172AFE86" box="[990,1089,256,278]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1904-05-27">27.v.1904</date>
(Ducke) (BMNH), designated by
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A1EBB41C1205FEA8" author="Richards" box="[199,366,290,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
; examined).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF923E20A1BBB47B1108FECB" box="[151,611,325,347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB47B1134FECB" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Ducke 1905b: 675" authorityName="Ducke" authorityPageNumber="675" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,607,325,347]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB47B12FFFECB" box="[151,404,325,347]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A08DB47B1134FECB" author="Ducke" box="[417,607,325,347]" page="675" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A08DB47B1146FECB" author="Ducke" box="[417,557,325,347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Ducke, A. (1905 b) Sobre as Vespas sociaes do Para (I. º. Supplemento). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 4, 652 - 698." type="journal article" year="1905" yearSuffix="b">Ducke 1905b</bibRefCitation>
: 675
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF923E20A1BBB456113CFEEE" box="[151,599,360,382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB4561139FEEE" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Ducke 1910: 477" authorityName="Ducke" authorityPageNumber="477" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,594,360,382]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB45612FFFEEE" box="[151,404,360,382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A08DB4561139FEEE" author="Ducke" box="[417,594,360,382]" page="477" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A08DB456114BFEEE" author="Ducke" box="[417,544,360,382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Ducke, A. (1910) Revision des guepes sociales polygames d'Amerique. Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 8, 449 - 544." type="journal article" year="1910">Ducke 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 477
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB4B41110FE30" blockId="13.[151,1435,256,486]" box="[151,635,394,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF923E20A1BBB4B41110FE30" box="[151,635,394,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB4B4111CFE30" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Bequaert 1944a: 104" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,631,394,416]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB4B412FFFE30" box="[151,404,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A08DB4B5111CFE30" author="Bequaert" box="[417,631,394,416]" page="104" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A08DB4B5112EFE30" author="Bequaert" box="[417,581,394,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Bequaert, J. (1944 a) A revision of Protopolybia Ducke, a genus of neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Revista de Entomologia, 15, 97 - 134." type="journal article" year="1944" yearSuffix="a">Bequaert 1944a</bibRefCitation>
: 104
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB49311CAFE53" blockId="13.[151,1435,256,486]" box="[151,673,429,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF923E20A1BBB49311CAFE53" box="[151,673,429,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB4931102FE53" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Richards 1978: 137" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,617,429,451]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB49312FFFE53" box="[151,404,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A08DB4931102FE53" author="Richards" box="[417,617,429,451]" page="137" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A08DB493115CFE53" author="Richards" box="[417,567,429,451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 137
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</taxonomicName>
, 140.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB4EE107DFE76" blockId="13.[151,1435,256,486]" box="[151,790,464,486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF923E20A1BBB4EE107DFE76" box="[151,790,464,486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB4EE11B4FE76" ID-CoL="4N6P5" authority="Carpenter &amp; Wenzel 1989: 179" authorityName="Carpenter &amp; Wenzel" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,735,464,486]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB4EE12FFFE76" box="[151,404,464,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A08DB4EE11B4FE76" author="Carpenter" box="[417,735,464,486]" page="179" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A08DB4EE11C6FE76" author="Carpenter" box="[417,685,464,486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Wenzel, J. W. (1989) Synonymy of the genera Protopolybia and Pseudochartergus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). Psyche, 96, 177 - 186. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1989 / 82471" type="journal article" year="1989">Carpenter &amp; Wenzel 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 179
</treatmentCitation>
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, 180.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1BBB72B108AFDE3" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB72B108AFDE3" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB72B1261FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,266,533,558]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF923E20A326B728110EFDBD" box="[522,613,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
; cuticle very shiny, vitreous, color essentially yellow (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A5FAB72B1647FDBE" box="[1238,1324,533,558]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
); T1 with petiole narrow; mesoscutum and pronotum with fine punctures (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A28FB7091095FDC0" box="[931,1022,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); metanotum triangular, very little produced backwards into propodeum, with apex strongly pointed (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A2ACB76410BFFDE3" box="[896,980,602,627]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1EBB743139AFA46" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB743160DFC3B" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1EBB7431206FD06" bold="true" box="[199,365,637,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Redescription</emphasis>
. FEMALE. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF923E20A238B740101EFD05" box="[788,885,638,662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
; clypeus narrow (HClp=1.09; MxWClp=1.11; TeW=0.79; MiWClp
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A0ADB7A112FAFD28" bold="true" box="[385,401,671,696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">=</emphasis>
<quantity id="56741FE8FF923E20A0BCB7A11292FD28" box="[400,505,671,696]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
), ventral margin narrowly subtruncated; tentorial pit closer to antennal socket than to eye margin; interantennal area narrow, its width approximately equal to diameter of antennal socket; mandibles considerably elongated, with length 0.72 × distance between eyes at vertex; occipital carina distinct, extending for three forth of height of gena; pronotal carina obtuse, visible laterally as protuberance; pronotal fovea distinct; pronotal prominence almost collinear with fovea and pronotal carina; mesoscutum as long as wide; mesepisternal groove absent; scrobal groove abbreviated; scutellum with median line; metanotum triangular, relatively short, with median axis 0.7 × width of central disk; metanotal lobe shiny, short, and with apex sharply pointed (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A416B65116E5FC18" box="[1338,1422,879,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); propodeum gently convex around narrow median groove; T1, longer than wide; T1 notably narrower than T2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB68810F5FBA6" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
Frons reticulated with fine punctures; mesoscutum with fine punctures (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A52BB68B1736FC5E" box="[1031,1117,949,974]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); scutellum and metanotum with fine and sparse punctures; mesopleuron distinctly punctate; metasomal segments impunctate; cuticle shiny, vitreous (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A02DB6C4123EFB83" box="[257,341,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
); metanotal lobe shiny; eyes glabrous; body with short bristles; long bristles on ventral margin of clypeus, propodeum, metasomal petiole and last metasomal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB1011239FB73" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Yellow, with testaceous marks; antennae, mandibles, clypeus, frons, yellow; pronotum yellow with testaceous marks; mesoscutum yellow and commonly with three orange stripes; tegulae yellow to testaceous; mesopleuron and metapleuron yellow with testaceous marks; scutellum with small spot, mark on propodeum laterally, distal band on T1, basal and distal bands on T2, T3T5 with distal band, yellow; legs yellow to testaceous; wings hyaline, venation orange.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB1D0139AFA46" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
MALE. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF923E20A335B1D0111FFA95" box="[537,628,1262,1286]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
; eyes enlarged, strongly produced inwards; clypeus very narrow; with elongated and golden bristles on ventral margin; ventral margin narrowly subtruncated and little produced; tentorial pit closer to eye margin than to antennal socket; gena distinctly narrow; color like female. Paramere as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A1B3B06B1387FAFE" box="[159,236,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig.74</figureCitation>
); parameral spine without elongated bristles; basal angle widened; apical angle of paramere acute (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A417B06B16E4FAFE" box="[1339,1423,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of digitus rounded, with short bristles (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A223B0491030FA00" box="[783,859,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig.81</figureCitation>
); cuspis with few short bristles; ventral process of aedeagus angular, poorly sclerotized with posterior margin serrated (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A282B0A4176FFA23" box="[942,1028,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURES 83 93. 83" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[367,1222,200,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[340,1248,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83 93. 83. Protopolybia exigua; 84. P. diligens; 85. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 86. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 87. P. similis sp. nov.; 88. P. holoxantha; 89 P. scutellaris; 90. P. bituberculata; 91. P. sedula; 92. P. bella; 93. P. nitida. Aedeagus in lateral and dorsal views. Scale 0, 2 mm. Par, preapical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237843/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
); pre-apical region of aedeagus not angular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1EBB0E11299F9F0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB0E11299F9F0" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1EBB0E112C0FA68" bold="true" box="[199,427,1503,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A096B0DE115EFA68" box="[442,565,1504,1528]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♀, Kamakusa,
<date id="E53294CDFF923E20A22EB0E1103CFA68" box="[770,855,1503,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1922-09">ix.1922</date>
(H. Lang) (UFRJ-MN);
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A55FB0DE1636FA68" box="[1139,1373,1504,1528]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">FRENCH GUIANA</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♀, 16. 746 (UFRJ-MN);
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A0A7B33D129EF98B" box="[395,501,1539,1563]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: Amapá, 1 ♀, S. do Navio,
<date id="E53294CDFF923E20A206B33C101CF98B" box="[810,887,1538,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1957-10">x.1957</date>
(K. Lenko) (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF923E20A525B33D173EF98B" box="[1033,1109,1539,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">UFPR</collectionCode>
); Amazonas, 2 ♀, Rio Purus, Beruri,
<geoCoordinate id="F4B8D4CAFF923E20A1C1B31B125CF9AE" box="[237,311,1573,1598]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="-3.9">3°54S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F4B8D4CAFF923E20A014B31B12C9F9AE" box="[312,418,1573,1598]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="-61.366665">61°22W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="E53294CDFF923E20A083B3181175F9AE" box="[431,542,1574,1598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="1991-10-17">17.x.1991</date>
(G.A.R. Melo) (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF923E20A3F5B318104DF9AE" box="[729,806,1574,1598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">UFPR</collectionCode>
); Pará, 3 ♀, Juruti, Barroso,
<geoCoordinate id="F4B8D4CAFF923E20A547B31B17DCF9AE" box="[1131,1207,1573,1598]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="-2.4833333">2°29`S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F4B8D4CAFF923E20A59AB31B1674F9AE" box="[1206,1311,1573,1598]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" precision="925" value="-55.966667">55°58`W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="E53294CDFF923E20A400B31816F7F9AE" box="[1324,1436,1574,1598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" value="2007-10-28">28.x.2007</date>
(Silva, S.S. e equipe) (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF923E20A0BEB376128DF9F0" box="[402,486,1608,1632]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">MPEG</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1EBB354101FF913" box="[199,884,1642,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB354101FF913" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" box="[199,884,1642,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1EBB3541232F913" bold="true" box="[199,345,1642,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A04BB35512AAF913" box="[359,449,1643,1667]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A0E0B354111EF913" box="[460,629,1642,1667]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A3ACB35411A2F913" box="[640,713,1642,1667]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: AP, AM, *PA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1EBB3B3160FF97B" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1EBB3B3160FF97B" blockId="13.[151,1437,533,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1EBB3B3125FF936" bold="true" box="[199,308,1677,1702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A06DB3B31132F936" box="[321,601,1677,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A06DB3B31132F936" box="[321,601,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents similar coloration to
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A280B3B01605F935" authority="Bequaert. However" authorityName="Bequaert. However" box="[940,1390,1677,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chanchamayensis">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A280B3B017E6F936" box="[940,1165,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">P. chanchamayensis</emphasis>
Bequaert. However
</taxonomicName>
, the cuticle is very smooth and shiny.Distribution is restricted to the Amazon region, occurring in
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A5C5B39116F3F958" box="[1257,1432,1711,1736]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A1BBB3ED1385F97B" box="[151,238,1747,1771]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Guyana</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A008B3EC1203F97B" box="[292,360,1746,1771]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Brazil</collectingCountry>
with records in the states of Amapá and Amazonas (
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A29BB3EC1734F97B" author="Richards" box="[951,1119,1746,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978</bibRefCitation>
), and now also in Pará.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>