429 lines
59 KiB
XML
429 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="1902F2A16D91EB9EFF7F452A417F429C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.2.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b5b78d6-60aa-4671-aa40-d5a18fb647cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="260533" ID-ZooBank="7CA48761-3F3D-404F-B8D8-476F0EB06293" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477898202837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="He, Yi, Zhao, Jia-Qi, Ning, Wan-Ru, Zhuang, Jie-Yi, Zhang, Yu & Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2016" docId="192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4179.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4179 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pentacoelum sinensis Wang & Zhao, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="E518FFB2FFB9FFAA5A3D1839FFCEF92F" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Bothrioplana (Platyhelminthes: Bothrioplanida: Bothrioplanidae) and a new species of the genus Pentacoelum (Tricladida: Bdellouridae) from southern China" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698391246383" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="485A6D5FA05E6248EDA846FB46F0B907" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="826DEAE2171122109D2B54F763858D9A">
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<mods:title id="405CE16561AD8BAB24DE513E239DAF42">A new species of the genus Bothrioplana (Platyhelminthes: Bothrioplanida: Bothrioplanidae) and a new species of the genus Pentacoelum (Tricladida: Bdellouridae) from southern China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D950EF9A8762BDA3A30132AF918FC644" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BC43049D01B6F79C27C88C61AA0906FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3A435290593AFC372A8A4739FA51779D">He, Yi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3D37EC73AB7FDA6B4437E43C3B8CF60C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="51D008E6E4F0F82D62BA8090C315E829">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="30B0C823E0949C4EB82839BBE5C9153D">Zhao, Jia-Qi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4047BE95022E05D441018B0622280DFE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55ED248FFA3ECBEDC06CB82231F72D77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E35A6797AD98E703CDECC93A42831D9E">Ning, Wan-Ru</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="743008ECE09B1E13E2481005986BA80C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="414C936E3E8CC9FE8CE0B17A442DCEDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="522A133C28099F8EDEDFF49782D05506">Zhuang, Jie-Yi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="09760F22A123AF38F660A84034A1C5B6" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D5B07227379D8786B6FF6E26937A46E8">Zhang, Yu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BD2E09CA689D6FAAA05FFA25604552A8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6337C513EAA057BB44357EFC0F3ED8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA3D929DEFF5E2A7658E1C8DD71B748">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2BB67B9558A525B2DC7353D624EAA05C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AE5494BB23E3A89D211BABF764766D19">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="08720786AEE475F73943727EB6235AC1">
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<mods:date id="2955077FF5085A6D335ADB8F6F04E6B8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D2AE33B34804E0649E7492FB9BB5C5FB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="122E13F7C406C32E44BC81DC82C0D5A2">4179</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BA85481F515E1AFF46455AA1386F75D7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="023AB906B3CC91767B09B6183E209285">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F03F19E9288D546246737596135CA6BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2CF86E42EE8D287E692B1AB8FC2D4419" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4179.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E5EEF887E8E74364C4468374F6376E2" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b5b78d6-60aa-4671-aa40-d5a18fb647cd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2D48390CA181E6F03BDC871AAB58674B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C38EBB3B958A86F82D50C4C2EB77AE52" type="Zenodo-Dep">260533</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674331" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560735" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<subSubSection id="D9926557FFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFEEEFF4E" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFD68FF6F" blockId="7.[151,678,1573,1633]" box="[151,678,1573,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<heading id="CA7F81B0FFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFD68FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,678,1573,1600]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFD68FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,678,1573,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFD98FF6F" authority="Wang & Zhao" authorityName="Wang & Zhao" box="[151,598,1573,1600]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AAA1E1CFE52FF10" bold="true" box="[151,412,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
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Wang & Zhao
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFBEFFAD585E1E1FFD68FF6F" box="[611,678,1574,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AAA1E71FEEEFF4E" blockId="7.[151,678,1573,1633]" box="[151,288,1608,1633]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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(
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<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFBEFFAD5AA21E71FED9FF4E" box="[159,279,1608,1633]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1358,1380]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox-0="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetBox-1="[339,1247,301,1466]" captionTargetBox-3="[290,1288,214,1327]" captionTargetBox-4="[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[336,1251,301,1466]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[289,1298,193,1337]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – C. sagittal section of penis; D – G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: body in whole. Scale bar: 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A. side view of reproductive system; B. ventral view of reproductive system. Scale bars: A = 50 µm, B = 100 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: reproduction process and egg. A – B. copulation (penises enter the vagina externa of each other. The arrows indicate the direction of the penises); C – D. egg (the egg expands within seconds after being laid and the diameter increases about five times. The soft shell appears in light yellow and becomes hard 2 - 3 hours later.) Scale bars: A- D = 150 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/260541/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/260542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Figs. 6–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9926557FFBEFFAD5AAA1EA9FD60FE3A" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AAA1EA9FBA4FFE2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AAA1EA9FE9EFF86" bold="true" box="[151,336,1680,1705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Type material.</emphasis>
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Holotype: PLA-Pe0070, mounted specimens. Paratype: PLA-Pe0071–PLA-Pe0078 (PLA- Pe0071–PLA-Pe0072, mounted specimens; PLA-Pe0073–PLA-Pe0078, serial section).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AFA1EE1FD60FE3A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<materialsCitation id="21E03C81FFBEFFAD5AFA1EE1FD60FE3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324332026" country="China" county="Shenzhen" latitude="22.721111" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.7675" municipality="Shenzhen Sea Waterlands" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AFA1EE1FE65FFDE" bold="true" box="[199,427,1752,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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||
<location id="94576007FFBEFFAD5AFA1EE1FE8EFFDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFBEFFAD5AFA1EE1FE8EFFDE" box="[199,320,1752,1777]" country="China" county="Shenzhen" latitude="22.721111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.7675" municipality="Shenzhen Sea Waterlands" name="Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" stateProvince="Guangdong">Collection</location>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="94576007FFBEFFAD5B841EE0FE1EFFDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFBEFFAD5B841EE0FE1EFFDF" box="[441,464,1753,1776]" country="China" county="Shenzhen" latitude="22.721111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.7675" municipality="Shenzhen Sea Waterlands" name="In" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" stateProvince="Guangdong">In</location>
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a wetland in
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<collectingMunicipality id="7153ACA6FFBEFFAD58BE1EE1FC7BFFDE" box="[643,949,1752,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Shenzhen Sea Waterlands</collectingMunicipality>
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, located in the west coast of
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<collectingCounty id="78564E50FFBEFFAD5F151EE1FA56FFDE" box="[1320,1432,1752,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Shenzhen</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="534CF83EFFBEFFAD5AAA1EC5FED3FE3A" box="[151,285,1788,1813]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E99F764CFFBEFFAD5B1A1EC5FEA4FE3A" box="[295,362,1788,1813]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="F4BC501BFFBEFFAD5B471EC5FDCCFE3A" box="[378,514,1788,1813]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" precision="15" value="22.721111">22°43′16″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F4BC501BFFBEFFAD58331EC5FD6CFE3A" box="[526,674,1788,1813]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" precision="15" value="113.7675">113°46′03″E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9926557FFBEFFAD5AFA1F19FC14FE16" box="[199,986,1824,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AFA1F19FC14FE16" blockId="7.[151,1437,1680,2029]" box="[199,986,1824,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AFA1F19FE80FE16" bold="true" box="[199,334,1824,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species is named because it was discovered in
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<collectingCountry id="E99F764CFFBEFFAD59AD1F19FC19FE16" box="[912,983,1824,1849]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9926557FFBEFFA15AFA1F7DFD35FF77" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="description">
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AFA1F7DFC97FE8A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFBEFFAD5AFA1F7DFE97FE72" bold="true" box="[199,345,1860,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Description.</emphasis>
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The body of mature individual is transparent, flat and elliptical in shape, without pigment on the surface. When moving, it is in an elongated shape (
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<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFBEFFAD58EE1F51FCD9FEAE" box="[723,791,1896,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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B). The length of the specimen is 500–770 µm. The width of the middle part of the body is 350–530 µm (
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<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFBEFFAD589E1FB5FD21FE8A" box="[675,751,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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A and 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913736DCFFBEFFAD5AFA1F88FADAFEC2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1680,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
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A pair of black and round eyes (e), 26 µm in diameter, is located at the anterior 1/6 position of the body (
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<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFBEFFAD5F591F89FF6BFEC2" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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A–B, E). The distance between the two eyes is 40 µm. The distance from eye to body side is 130 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C5F76654FFB1FFA25AAA1C5AFAAAFDB7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB1FFA25AAA1C5AFAAAFDB7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1123,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA25AAA1C5AFEDDFD57" bold="true" box="[151,275,1123,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB1FFA25B271C5AFE3AFD56" box="[282,500,1123,1145]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA25B271C5AFE3AFD56" box="[282,500,1123,1145]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA25BC61C5DFDFBFD56" bold="true" box="[507,565,1124,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB1FFA25BC61C5DFDFBFD56" box="[507,565,1124,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
: A–B. living specimens; C–D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E–G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A–E=100 µm, F=20 µm, G=10 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB1FFA25AFA1C86FAA8FC9F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1215,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA25AFA1C86FE5DFDF7" bold="true" box="[199,403,1215,1240]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Digestive system.</emphasis>
|
||
The mouth (m) is situated median-ventrally at the posterior 1/5 part of the body. The plicate pharynx (p) is located in the posterior part of the body and constitutes 1/4 of the body length. Three intestinal branches connect with the base of the pharynx. One of them extends forwards along the median line to the anterior part between the two eyes. This intestine (i) is relatively slender, has no branch and stops at 1/2 position from eyespots to the anterior end. The other two branches extend aside, forming the intestinal branches along the body. Each intestine intestinal branch has 9–12 shorter branches perpendicular to the body edge. Among the 180 living specimens examined, we did not find any individual with side intestines merge at the tail end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA25E851DAEFACBFC9F" box="[1208,1285,1431,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB1FFA25AFA1D82FBDFFFDB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1215,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA25AFA1D82FE03FCFB" bold="true" box="[199,461,1467,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Reproductive system.</emphasis>
|
||
Hermaphrodite. A pair of elliptical-shaped testes (t) lies in the base between the anterior intestinal branches and the mid-intestinal branches. The cavities of testes are filled with sperm (s) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA25F591DE6FF6BFF33" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 8). The vasa deferentia (vd) extend separately from the inner sides of testes, go backward along the two sides of the pharynx and finally enter the seminal vesicle (sv) respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA259BD1E1EFC0AFF6F" box="[896,964,1575,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: body in whole. Scale bar: 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The vas deferens at each side of pharynx swells obviously (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA25B5C1E72FE6AFF4B" box="[353,420,1611,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: body in whole. Scale bar: 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spherical seminal vesicle at the base of penis bulb (pb) occupies 1/2 of the volume of penis bulb and is connected with the ejaculatory duct (ed). There is a very obvious cavity in the middle part of the ejaculatory duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA25B671EAAFE68FF83" box="[346,422,1683,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G, 9). An obvious penis papilla (pp) can be found at the end of penis bulb. Epidermis of penis and penis papilla are composed of a monolayer of flat and nucleated epithelial cells, while the internal part is a muscle layer. The peripheral space of the penis is male atrium (ma) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA259971EE2FC20FFDB" box="[938,1006,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[290,1288,214,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[289,1298,193,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A. side view of reproductive system; B. ventral view of reproductive system. Scale bars: A = 50 µm, B = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260541/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB1FFA35AFA1F39FB4DF9D7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1215,2032]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
A pair of ovaries (o) is situated between the testes and the brain (b) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA259DE1EC6FBE6FE37" box="[995,1064,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA25E741EC6FB40FE37" box="[1097,1166,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: body in whole. Scale bar: 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two oviducts (ov) go further back laterally to male atrium and then enter the two uteri (u) respectively. Note that the uteri of the new species localize at similar position as those of the other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB1FFA259BA1F7EFBCBFE70" box="[903,1029,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Pentacoelu</emphasis>
|
||
m. The spherical uteri, 50–55 µm in diameter, lie at both sides of the male atrium. The peripheral part of the uterus is a 4 µm thick muscular layer, while the interior part is composed of a monolayer of epithelial cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB1FFA259501FB6FC72FE87" box="[877,956,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[339,1247,301,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[336,1251,301,1466]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – C. sagittal section of penis; D – G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). An obvious receptaculum seminalis (rs), which is filled with foreign sperm, is situated ventrally and posterior to each uterus. A muscular vagina externa (ve), 20–25 µm in length and 3.0–3.5 µm in thickness, is located at the ventral side of each receptaculum seminalis and goes externally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA35BCB18AEFD8BF99F" box="[502,581,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[339,1247,301,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[336,1251,301,1466]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – C. sagittal section of penis; D – G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). An egg could be found in the uterus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA35E0118AEFB45F99F" box="[1084,1163,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[339,1247,301,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[336,1251,301,1466]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – C. sagittal section of penis; D – G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F–H). The left and right oviducts coming out from the two uteri merge as a common oviduct dorsally to male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA35EC71885FA8DF9FB" box="[1274,1347,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[290,1288,214,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[289,1298,193,1337]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A. side view of reproductive system; B. ventral view of reproductive system. Scale bars: A = 50 µm, B = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260541/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The common oviduct enters the male atrium caudal-ventrally and shares a common gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C5F76654FFB0FFA35AAA1DE9FD24FF2B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[339,1247,301,1466]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB0FFA35AAA1DE9FD24FF2B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1488,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB0FFA35AAA1DE9FEDDFCCA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1488,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB0FFA35B271DE9FE3BFCC9" box="[282,501,1488,1510]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB0FFA35B271DE9FE3BFCC9" box="[282,501,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB0FFA35BC01DE9FDF9FCCA" bold="true" box="[509,567,1488,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB0FFA35BC01DE9FDF9FCCA" box="[509,567,1488,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A–C. sagittal section of penis; D–G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB0FFA35AFA1E15FB97FFD7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1580,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB0FFA35AFA1E15FE35FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,507,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Habits and reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens in the evaporating dish seldom move and live gregariously. The digestive and reproductive systems are readily detected under stereoscopic microscope. Copulation usually takes place in darkness, during which the mature individual slowly slides on the back of another individual. Their tail ends met together and uplifted slightly. Their penises stretched out almost simultaneously and then inserted into the vagina externa of each other for fertilization. The whole copulatory process usually lasts for 10 min. After copulation, they separated and retracted their penises in a few seconds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA359851ED9FBDAFFD7" box="[952,1044,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: reproduction process and egg. A – B. copulation (penises enter the vagina externa of each other. The arrows indicate the direction of the penises); C – D. egg (the egg expands within seconds after being laid and the diameter increases about five times. The soft shell appears in light yellow and becomes hard 2 - 3 hours later.) Scale bars: A- D = 150 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB0FFA35AFA1F3CFB3EFE82" blockId="9.[151,1437,1580,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Eggs were found in the uteri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA3581F1F3DFDBCFE33" box="[546,626,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1488,1510]" captionTargetBox="[339,1247,301,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[336,1251,301,1466]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – C. sagittal section of penis; D – G. sagittal section of uterus; H. dorsal view of the posterior end of the mounted specimen. Scale bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260540/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F–H). Newly produced eggs expanded greatly when laid in water. The light yellow eggs were about one-third as big as the mature worm and had already underwent the first cleavage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA35AA21F75FF22FE4A" box="[159,236,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D,
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA35B121F75FE47FE4B" box="[303,393,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1424,301,1261]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: reproduction process and egg. A – B. copulation (penises enter the vagina externa of each other. The arrows indicate the direction of the penises); C – D. egg (the egg expands within seconds after being laid and the diameter increases about five times. The soft shell appears in light yellow and becomes hard 2 - 3 hours later.) Scale bars: A- D = 150 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). The next day, the egg shell became brown-red, thinner and transparent. Three embryos with paired black eyespots were observed inside the egg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B32A59FFB0FFA359111F49FCBFFEA6" box="[812,881,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[338,1245,193,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[338,1249,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pentacoelum sinensis n. sp.: A – B. living specimens; C – D. eggs (C. egg just laid; D. three developing embryos in the egg). E – G. ventral view (E. body in whole; F. posterior end; G. penis). Scale bars: A – E = 100 µm, F = 20 µm, G = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260539/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Observation shows that after oviposition, the adult usually hibernates aside the eggs, suggesting that this species has the habit of protecting eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C5F76654FFB3FFA05AAA1F56FC53FEAA" box="[151,925,1903,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB3FFA05AAA1F56FC53FEAA" blockId="10.[151,925,1903,1926]" box="[151,925,1903,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB3FFA05AAA1F56FEDCFEAB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1903,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB3FFA05B241F56FE3DFEA9" box="[281,499,1903,1926]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB3FFA05B241F56FE3DFEA9" box="[281,499,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB3FFA05BC71F49FDFDFEAA" box="[506,563,1904,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB3FFA05BC71F49FDFDFEAA" bold="true" box="[506,563,1904,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: body in whole. Scale bar: 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C5F76654FFB2FFA15AAA1D77FE7EFCAC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260541/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" targetBox="[290,1288,214,1327]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB2FFA15AAA1D77FE7EFCAC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1358,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15AAA1D77FEDAFC4C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1358,1380]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15B261D77FE38FC4B" box="[283,502,1358,1380]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15B261D77FE38FC4B" box="[283,502,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15BC31D76FDF6FC4B" bold="true" box="[510,568,1359,1380]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB2FFA15BC31D76FDF6FC4B" box="[510,568,1359,1380]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A. side view of reproductive system; B. ventral view of reproductive system. Scale bars: A=50 µm, B=100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB2FFA15AFA1D96FD35FF77" blockId="11.[151,1436,1455,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21E03C81FFB2FFA15AFA1D96FD6BFF77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324332027" collectingDate="2016-04-20" country="Philippines" county="The" location="Shenzhen Sea Waterlands" municipality="The" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15AFA1D96FEE4FCE7" bold="true" box="[199,298,1455,1480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The samples were collected from a wetland in
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA1597F1D96FBA9FCE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA1597F1D96FBA9FCE7" box="[834,1127,1455,1480]" country="Philippines" county="The" municipality="The" name="Shenzhen Sea Waterlands" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Shenzhen Sea Waterlands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA15E4E1D96FB51FCE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA15E4E1D96FB51FCE7" box="[1139,1183,1455,1480]" country="Philippines" county="The" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">The</location>
|
||
salinity and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E99F764CFFB2FFA15F0C1D89FA9DFCE8" box="[1329,1363,1456,1479]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
of the ambient water was 12‰ and 9.0 2.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7153ACA6FFB2FFA158091DEAFDAEFCC3" box="[564,608,1491,1516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
water depth was between 0.6 to 1.2 meters.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="78564E50FFB2FFA15E4F1DEAFB50FCC3" box="[1138,1182,1491,1516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
sampling site was an artificial seawater mariculture lake constructed in 2000, which is not only abundant in fishes, shrimps and crabs, but also in benthic animals such as polychaetes. In
|
||
<date id="E536101CFFB2FFA159391E22FC7DFF1B" box="[772,947,1563,1588]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" value="2016-04-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F572E9F4FFB2FFA159391E22FC7DFF1B" box="[772,947,1563,1588]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" value="2016-04-20">April 2016, 20</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
more individuals were also found in the protected natural mangrove forest in Shenzhen
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9926557FFB2FFA15AFA1E5AFA9BFFC7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB2FFA15AFA1E5AFA9BFFC7" blockId="11.[151,1436,1455,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15AFA1E5AFE82FF53" bold="true" box="[199,332,1635,1660]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
To date, 4 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA158711E5DFD10FF53" box="[588,734,1636,1660]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA158711E5DFD10FF53" box="[588,734,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Pentacoelum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recorded in the world, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15EB41E5DFF14FF8F" authority="Westblad, 1935" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1935" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fucoideum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15EB41E5DFAD5FF53" box="[1161,1307,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. fucoideum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA15F111E5AFF1CFF8F" author="Westblad" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Westblad, E. (1935) Pentacoelum fucoideum m., ein neuer Typ der Turbellaria metamerata. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 111, 65 - 87." type="journal article" year="1935">Westblad, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15AD41EB1FD9AFF8F" authority="Brandtner, 1935" authorityName="Brandtner" authorityYear="1935" box="[233,596,1671,1696]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15AD41EB1FEB3FFB0" box="[233,381,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA15BB21EBEFD82FF8F" author="Brandtner" box="[399,588,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Brandtner, P. (1935) Eine neue marine Triclade, zugleich eine Studie uber die Turbellarien des Rycks. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 29, 472 - 480. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00403721" type="journal article" year="1935">Brandtner, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA1585E1EB1FBA2FF8F" authority="Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1984" authorityName="Kawakatsu & Mitchell" authorityYear="1984" box="[611,1132,1671,1696]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kazukolinda">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA1585E1EB1FCC7FFB0" box="[611,777,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. kazukolinda</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA1592F1EBEFCD5FF8F" bold="true" box="[786,795,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">(</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA159211EBEFBADFF8F" author="Kawakatsu" box="[796,1123,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Kawakatsu, M. & Mitchell, R. W. (1984) Oahuhawaiiana kazukolinda gen. et sp. nov. (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Maricola), a new freshwater planarian from Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaii, U. S. A. Zoological Science (Japan) 1, 487 - 500." type="journal article" year="1984">Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15E951EB1FF15FFEB" authority="Sluys 1989" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hispaniense">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15E951EB1FA85FFB0" box="[1192,1355,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. hispaniense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA15F611EBEFF1DFFEB" author="Sluys" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Sluys, R. (1989) A monograph of the marine triclads (Platyhelminthes, Seriata, Tricladida). A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam- Brookfield, 463 pp." type="book" year="1989">Sluys 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a recent study shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA158451E95FCD9FFEB" box="[632,791,1708,1732]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hispaniense">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA158451E95FCD9FFEB" box="[632,791,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. hispaniense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be called
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA159E71E95FBB7FFEB" box="[986,1145,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. k a z u ko l i n da</emphasis>
|
||
and that the species has a worldwide distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA15B9B1EF6FDA6FFC7" author="Sluys" box="[422,616,1743,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Sluys, R., Vila-Farre, M., Alvarez-Presas, M., Riutori, M., Kawakatsu, M. & Tulp, AS. (2015) The diet and distribution of Pentacoelum kazukolinda (Kawakatsu & Mitchell, 1984), a maricolan planarian with a freshwater ecology. Zoologica Scripta, 44 (1), 72 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12084" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15BD11EE9FDEAFFC8" box="[492,548,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, there are actually only three species within this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9926557FFB2FFA65AFA1ECDFC6AF9D7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB2FFA15AFA1ECDFB59FEB3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1455,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15ADA1ECDFDF0FE23" authority="Westblad 1935" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1935" box="[231,574,1779,1804]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fucoideum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15ADA1ECDFEB7FE23" box="[231,377,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. fucoideum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB2FFA15BB51ECAFDFBFE23" author="Westblad" box="[392,565,1779,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Westblad, E. (1935) Pentacoelum fucoideum m., ein neuer Typ der Turbellaria metamerata. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 111, 65 - 87." type="journal article" year="1935">Westblad 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the external morphology and the localization of the reproductive organ are similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15B4B1F21FE24FE00" box="[374,490,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. s i ne n s i s</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15BC51F2EFDF4FE1F" bold="true" box="[504,570,1815,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
However, the eyespots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA159491F21FBC6FE00" box="[884,1032,1815,1839]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fucoideum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA159491F21FBC6FE00" box="[884,1032,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. fucoideum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have less pigment and are usually invisible in living specimens. The ejaculatory duct is in straight tubular shape, without obvious swelling cavity. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15AFE1F59FEF5FE58" box="[195,315,1888,1911]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15AFE1F59FEF5FE58" box="[195,315,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15B7B1F66FE47FE57" bold="true" box="[326,393,1887,1912]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB2FFA15B7B1F66FE47FE57" box="[326,393,1887,1912]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the black round-shaped eyespots are readily detected from both the living and mounted specimens. In addition, there is an obvious cavity in the middle part of the ejaculatory duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB2FFA65AFA1F91FC6AF9D7" blockId="11.[151,1436,1455,2020]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21E03C81FFB2FFA65AFA1F91FC6AF9D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324332028" country="United States of America" county="Before" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="221" location="Lake Pontchartrain" municipality="Each" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louisiana" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB2FFA15B291F90FE6AFEEF" box="[276,420,1961,1984]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB2FFA15B291F90FE6AFEEF" box="[276,420,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E33887EFFB2FFA15BE61F91FDC5FEEF" box="[475,523,1960,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was found in
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA1592A1F9EFC3EFEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA1592A1F9EFC3EFEEF" box="[791,1008,1959,1984]" country="United States of America" county="Before" municipality="Each" name="Lake Pontchartrain" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Louisiana">Lake Pontchartrain</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA159C71F91FB5EFEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA159C71F91FB5EFEEF" box="[1018,1168,1959,1984]" country="United States of America" county="Before" municipality="Each" name="New Orleans" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Louisiana">New Orleans</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="534CF83EFFB2FFA15EA71F9EFAC5FEEF" box="[1178,1291,1959,1984]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E99F764CFFB2FFA15F2B1F91FA80FEEF" box="[1302,1358,1960,1984]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sluys & Bush 1988).
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA15B7E1FF2FEA1FECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA15B7E1FF2FEA1FECB" box="[323,367,1995,2020]" country="United States of America" county="Before" municipality="Each" name="The" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Louisiana">The</location>
|
||
dorsal surface of the body has dense pigment.
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB2FFA159411FF2FC66FECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB2FFA159411FF2FC66FECB" box="[892,936,1995,2020]" country="United States of America" county="Before" municipality="Each" name="The" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Louisiana">The</location>
|
||
pharynx is located in the middle of the body and occupies about 1/6 to 1/4 of the body length.
|
||
<location id="94576007FFB5FFA6588118A1FD20F980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:192187CAFFBEFFA75AAA1E1CFA92F84A:94576007FFB5FFA6588118A1FD20F980" box="[700,750,152,175]" country="United States of America" county="Before" municipality="Each" name="Two" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Louisiana">Two</location>
|
||
intestinal branches meet at the tail end.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7153ACA6FFB5FFA65E9118AEFB2AF99F" box="[1196,1252,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Each</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
side of the body has 5–6 small testes, respectively. A testis can also be found in the middle of the two hindguts.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="78564E50FFB5FFA65ED61885FAF9F9FA" box="[1259,1335,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Before</collectingCounty>
|
||
entering seminal vesicle, the vasa deferentia merge as a common vas deferens.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C5F76654FFB5FFA65AAA1D3BFEC2FC5B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260542/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" targetBox="[163,1424,301,1261]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB5FFA65AAA1D3BFEC2FC5B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1282,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA65AAA1D3BFED1FC38" bold="true" box="[151,287,1282,1304]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB5FFA65B1B1D3BFDCFFC37" box="[294,513,1282,1304]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA65B1B1D3BFDCFFC37" box="[294,513,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Pentacoelum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA6583A1D3AFD8FFC37" bold="true" box="[519,577,1283,1304]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB5FFA6583A1D3AFD8FFC37" box="[519,577,1283,1304]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: reproduction process and egg. A–B. copulation (penises enter the vagina externa of each other. The arrows indicate the direction of the penises); C–D. egg (the egg expands within seconds after being laid and the diameter increases about five times. The soft shell appears in light yellow and becomes hard 2-3 hours later.) Scale bars: A- D=150 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9926557FFB5FFA75AFA1D9BFA92F84A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB5FFA65AFA1D9BFE9AFF41" blockId="12.[151,1437,1441,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA65ADB1D9BFE49FC96" box="[230,391,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">P. k a z u ko l i n da</emphasis>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E33887EFFB5FFA65BF81D9BFE3BFC95" box="[453,501,1442,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was found in Algemesi, Valenciana,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E99F764CFFB5FFA65E2C1D98FB9FFC95" box="[1041,1105,1441,1466]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB5FFA65E5F1D98FB28FC95" author="Sluys" box="[1122,1254,1441,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" refString="Sluys, R. (1989) A monograph of the marine triclads (Platyhelminthes, Seriata, Tricladida). A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam- Brookfield, 463 pp." type="book" year="1989">Sluys 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Except for the body edge, the mid-dorsal stripe and the area anterior to the eyespots, the dorsal body surface shows a dense brown pigmentation. The pharynx occupies about 1/7–1/6 of the body length. There are 15–20 testes on each side of the body. The two vasa deferentia merge as a common vas deferens before entering the penis bulb. The ovaries lie at 1/ 4 to 1/3 of the distance between the brain and the base of the pharynx. The female copulatory apparatus contains a bursa copulatrix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913736DCFFB5FFA75AFA1E43FA92F84A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1441,2006]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB5FFA65AC51E43FEA1FFBE" box="[248,367,1658,1681]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA65AC51E43FEA1FFBE" box="[248,367,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">P. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA65B441E40FE75FFBD" bold="true" box="[377,443,1657,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB5FFA65B441E40FE75FFBD" box="[377,443,1657,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the body is transparent and devoid of any pigmentation. The eyespots are black and round with 3 retinal cells each. The pharynx occupies about 1/4 of the body length and is located in the posterior half of the body. Two caudal intestinal branches do not merge at the posterior end of the body. There is only one pair of big testes within the body. The vasa deferentia at both sides merge before entering the seminal vesicles. There is no bursa copulatrix behind the male atrium, but a pair of uteri, receptaculum seminalis and vagina externa. It is worth to note that lateral bursae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB5FFA658471F17FD3DFE6A" box="[634,755,1838,1861]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA658471F17FD3DFE6A" box="[634,755,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">P. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA658C31F14FC8FFE69" bold="true" box="[766,833,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CF57B5FFB5FFA658C31F14FC8FFE69" box="[766,833,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
might have gained a new evolutionary function as copulatory bursae and uteri. The two round cavities at the tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB5FFA659B11F68FBD0FE46" box="[908,1054,1873,1897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA659B11F68FBD0FE46" box="[908,1054,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Pentacoelum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are usually called lateral bursae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5194B2DFFB5FFA65AD21F4CFEBFFEA1" author="Sluys" box="[239,369,1909,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" refString="Sluys, R. (1989) A monograph of the marine triclads (Platyhelminthes, Seriata, Tricladida). A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam- Brookfield, 463 pp." type="book" year="1989">Sluys 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this contribution, the cavities of
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA659331F4FFCB0FEA2" box="[782,894,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">P. s i n e ns i s</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB5FFA659B41F4CFC06FEA1" bold="true" box="[905,968,1909,1934]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
(called uteri) were found to be connected with oviducts. All specimens were examined carefully, among which three were found to have egg in uterus. During copulation, the two individuals inserted their penis into the vagina externa instead of the common gonopore of each other. The vagina externa is connected with receptaculum seminalis and uterus. Oviducts from the paired uteri merge at the dorsal side behind the male atrium. Importantly, there are shell glands on the surface of the oviducts. To summary, the morphology of the reproductive system and the copulatory behavior of this new species are distinct from those of the above reported species. In view of this, the
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB4FFA759DD193CFB9CF833" box="[992,1106,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">P. s i n e ns i s</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB4FFA75E62193DFB6EF832" bold="true" box="[1119,1184,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is identified as a new species of the genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56884D5FFFB4FFA75BA01911FDE1F86F" box="[413,559,296,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Pentacoelum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB4FFA75BA01911FDE1F86F" box="[413,559,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Pentacoelum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further studies on the phylogenetic position of this new species will enable a more thorough understanding of the evolutionary relation of
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB4FFA7597D1974FC7EF84B" box="[832,944,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">P. s i n e ns i s</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3FCEACEFFB4FFA759861975FC34F84A" bold="true" box="[955,1018,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
and the closely related species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |