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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b93df74-43b1-40e4-aeba-3aa975e2af67" ID-PMC="PMC3307359" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-173-11" ID-PubMed="22448118" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-173-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 173" ModsDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers" checkinTime="1451249315473" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="White, Kristine N. &amp; Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2012" docId="183379A2CCDBA550F3090903EFE7ACB2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 173: 11-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 173" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498" docTitle="Leucothoe akaisen White &amp; Reimer, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="4439C6096222FFF01756FF84FFB8C564" masterDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668153282892" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>White, Kristine N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>173</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
<mods:end>50</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-173-11</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033446" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76556C59-E6CF-4080-B622-8F6DDCFD6721" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/183379A2CCDBA550F3090903EFE7ACB2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76556C59-E6CF-4080-B622-8F6DDCFD6721" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="17">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 3 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
Holotype male, 2.8 mm RUMF-ZC-1854, Sunabe Seawall,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawa–jima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, spur and groove reef (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.323612">26°19'25&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.74528">127°44'43&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), among coral
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="18" start="start">rubble</pageBreakToken>
, 6-9 m, K.N. White and N.S. White, col., 16 October 2010 (KNWOkinawa12E). Paratype female, 3.4 mm, RUMF-ZC-1855, Yona, Kunigami,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawa–jima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, reef wall (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.765556">26°45'56&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.1961">128°11'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), among coral rubble, 9 m, K.N. White and N.S. White, col., 23 October 2010 (KNWOkinawa15F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
Sunabe Seawall,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawa–jima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, Japan (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.323612">26°19'25&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.74528">127°44'43&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">3 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21995, KNWOkinawa12E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1856, KNWOkinawa15F; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1857, KNWOkinawa44H; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21996, KNWTokuno4E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1858, KNWIshigaki4H; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21997, KNWIshigaki2F; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1859, KNWIriomote3C; 4 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1860, KNWYaku3O; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21998, KNWYaku1D; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21999, KNWYaku5J.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis (male)">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
Head anterior margin rounded. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate. Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin produced, subquadrate, with 1 long medial facial seta; dactylus reaching 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Gnathopod 2 propodus mediofacial setal row displaced past midline. Pereopods 5-7 bases broadly expanded. Epimeron 1 with tuft of anteroventral setae. Telson apex rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Description (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
Head. Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded, distal margin straight; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin transverse, anteroventral margin rounded, ventral margin straight; eyes present with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, flagellum 5-articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
article 2, accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, shorter than antenna 1, flagellum 3-articulate. Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1-3 1.0: 2.6: 1.0, article 2 with 5 distal setae, article 3 with two distal setae, incisors weakly dentate; left mandible with 11 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, weakly toothed; right mandible with 8 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small. Upper lip asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose. Lower lip inner lobes fused, setose; outer lobes with large gape, anterior margins setose. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate, with 4 distal setae; outer plate with 6 distal robust setae and 2 distal setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 9 distal and 1 proximal setae; outer plate with 4 distal and 11 marginal setae. Maxilliped inner plates distal margin rounded with v-shaped indentation, with large and small robust setae; outer plate inner margin smooth, reaching 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
palp article 1, with simple marginal setae, facial setae present; palp article 4 subequal in length with article 3, distally acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
Pereon. Coxae 1-4 relative widths 1.0: 1.2: 0.7: 1.6. Gnathopod 1 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterodistal margin produced, subquadrate, distal margin straight, posterior margin excavate, facial seta present; basis slightly inflated, anterior margin with 1 short and 2 medium setae, posterior margin bare; ischium bare; carpus linear, distal length 10.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, proximal margin smooth, distal margin with 2 setae; propodus straight, palm dentate with 2 large and several small distal setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, slightly larger than coxa 3, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, anterodistally rounded, distal and posterior margins straight, facial setae absent; basis slightly inflated, anterior margin with 4 setae, posterior margin with 1 posterodistal seta; ischium with posterodistal seta; carpus 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, curved, distally tapered, anterior margin smooth; propodus with 1 mediofacial setal row displaced past midline, reaching 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="19" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
smooth, palm convex, with 3 small rounded tubercles; dactylus curved, reaching 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, proximal margin smooth, bare, anterior margin distally acute. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="20" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
coxa 2 and extending below it, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin oblique, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin tapered, distal margin produced, posterior margin excavate, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5-6 coxae, facial setae present, pereopod 7 coxa, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5-7 bases width length ratios 1: 1.2, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.0, posterior margins smooth, setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
Pleon. Epimeron 1 with anteroventral tuft of setae, epimeron 2 with ventral setae, epimeron 3 bare, posteroventral corner subquadrate, produced. Uropods 1-3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.7: 1.0. Uropod 1 peduncle subequal in length with inner ramus, outer ramus 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 2 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle subequal in length with inner ramus, outer ramus 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 2 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus subequal in length with inner ramus; inner ramus with 3 robust setae, outer ramus with 1 robust seta. Telson 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, apex rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male, 2.8 mm, RUMF-ZC-1854.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype female, 3.4 mm, RUMF-ZC-1855.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="female (sexually dimorphic characters)">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Female (sexually dimorphic characters).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 5 short and 3 medium setae; carpus distal margin with 3 setae; propodus palm with 4 large and several small distal setae. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with 8 setae; ischium with 2 short anterodistal setae; propodus mediofacial setal row extended proximally with 3 very short setae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
After the Japanese words
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘akai’">'akai'</normalizedToken>
, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘red’">'red'</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘sen’">'sen'</normalizedToken>
, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘line’">'line'</normalizedToken>
and referring to the red stripes along the antenna 1 peduncle (pronounced ah-ky-sen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Host unknown, presumably in sponges in coral rubble.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe trulla" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trulla">Leucothoe trulla</taxonomicName>
White &amp; Reimer, 2012a,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe commensalis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commensalis">Leucothoe commensalis</taxonomicName>
Haswell, 1879,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe wuriti" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuriti">Leucothoe wuriti</taxonomicName>
Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe epidemos" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epidemos">Leucothoe epidemos</taxonomicName>
White &amp; Thomas, 2009, and
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe thula" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thula">Leucothoe thula</taxonomicName>
White &amp; Thomas, 2009. The members of this &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe commensalis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commensalis">Leucothoe commensalis</taxonomicName>
group&quot; share a rounded head, long gnathopod 1 dactylus, a displaced gnathopod 2 propodus mediofacial setal row, and wide pereopod 5-7 bases.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n. shares several additional characters with
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe thula" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thula">Leucothoe thula</taxonomicName>
, including a maxilla 1 palp with an unclear articulation, a tapered gnathopod 2 carpus, and the gnathopod 2 propodus palm with small tubercles, all of which differ from the other species in this group.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is unique in having a longer antenna 1 flagellum, gnathopods 1 and 2 dactylus with proximal setae, and a rounded telson apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is very unique in coloration. This species has deep red stripes along the peduncle of antenna 1, a large yellow eye, a yellow
<normalizedToken originalValue="“saddleback”">&quot;saddleback&quot;</normalizedToken>
pattern, and a deep red dot on coxa 4 (Figure 15D). This species is endemic to the Ryukyus Archipelago, having been collected throughout the island chain. The color pattern of this species resembles that of an undescribed species collected in Guam from polychaete worm tubes (Thomas, pers.com.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
East China Sea:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ishigaki–jima">Ishigaki-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iriomote–jima">Iriomote-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawa–jima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island (both Okinawa), Tokunoshima Island, Yakushima Island (both Kagoshima), Japan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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