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<document id="EF58EC8FACEB9B617400A77BE987D0A4" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. &amp; Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FFDEFFF1FE1A9E3F4925083D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physogaleus alabamensis Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer 2019, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E174D79608EDA51836B12D79C71653D0">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FE1A9E3F4E5A0E11" bold="true" box="[476,785,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Physogaleus alabamensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FCE69E3F4E8D0E12" author="Leriche M." box="[800,966,267,293]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFDEFFF4FD369E1B4E080E7E" box="[752,835,303,329]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FD369E1B4E080E7E" blockId="91.[476,1112,267,329]" box="[752,835,303,329]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFDEFFF4FD369E1B4E080E7E" box="[752,835,303,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="92.[189,232,1403,1429]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,267,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[189,1398,249,1390]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Fig. 33. Physogaleus alabamensis (Leriche, 1942) comb. nov., teeth. A–C. MSC 2382.1, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. A. Labial view. B. Mesial view. C. Lingual view. D–F. MSC 2382.3, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. D. Labial view. E. Mesial view. F. Lingual view. G–I. MSC 34408.2, lateral tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. G. Labial view. H. Mesial view. I. Lingual view. J–L. MSC 38154.1, lateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of T. Prescott Atkinson. J. Labial view. K. Mesial view. L. Lingual view. M–O. MSC 38156.1, anterolateral tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. M. Labial view. N. Mesial view. O. Lingual view. P–R. MSC 38154.3, lateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of T. Prescott Atkinson. P. Labial view. Q. Mesial view. R. Lingual view. S–U. MSC 37154.3, anterolateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of James Lowery. S. Labial view. T. Mesial view. U. Lingual view. V–X. MSC 38485.9, lateral tooth, basal Lisbon Formation. V. Labial view. W. Mesial view. X. Lingual view. Y–AA. MSC 38242.2, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Y. Labial view. Z. Mesial view. AA. Lingual view. BB–DD. MSC 38485.2, lateral tooth, basal Lisbon Formation. BB. Labial view. CC. Mesial view. DD. Lingual view. EE– GG. MSC 38511.1, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. EE. Labial view. FF. Mesial view. GG. Lingual view. HH–JJ. MSC 37144, male anterior tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of James Lowery. HH. Labial view. II. Mesial view. JJ. Lingual view. KK–MM. MSC 38156.6, male anterior tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. KK. Labial view. LL. Mesial view. MM. Lingual view. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660323/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9E464CAA0EBB" box="[189,481,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFDEFFF4FE2E9E454FF10EBB" author="Leriche M." box="[488,698,369,396]" page="48" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE2E9E454FF10EBB" author="Leriche M." box="[488,698,369,396]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche, 1942: 48</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4, fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FF7B9E804E1A0EF9" authority="- Thurmond &amp; Jones 1981: 63" authorityName="- Thurmond &amp; Jones" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1981" box="[189,849,436,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9E804CAA0EF9" box="[189,481,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFDEFFF4FE3B9E804E1A0EF9" author="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E." box="[509,849,436,462]" page="63" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE3B9E804E1A0EF9" author="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E." box="[509,849,436,462]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond &amp; Jones 1981: 63</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 28, right.
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FF7B9EEC4ED90EC5" authority="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter 2009" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,914,472,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9EEC4CE00EC5" box="[189,427,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeocerdo latidens</emphasis>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE019EEC4ED90EC5" author="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P." box="[455,914,472,498]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref152865" refString="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P. 2009. The elasmobranch fauna of the Lede Sand Formation at Oosterzele (Lutetian, middle Eocene of Belgium). Palaeofocus 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 20, figs 9–11. — 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FB4B9EEC4C410D21" author="Clayton A. A. &amp; Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J." pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="60 - 73" refId="ref139906" refString="Clayton A. A., Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J. 2013. An inquiry into the stratigraphic occurrence of a Claibornian (Eocene) vertebrate fauna from Covington County, Alabama. Bulletin Alabama Museum of Natural History 31 (2): 60 - 73." type="journal article" year="2013">
Clayton 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FB349EED48670EC5" box="[1266,1324,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 68
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3j. — 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE489EC84F8D0D20" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[398,710,508,535]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case 2016: 57</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 8, 12–16.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FF7B9D144EF20D0D" authority="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter 2009" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,953,544,570]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9D144C990D0D" box="[189,466,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeocerdo eaglesomei</emphasis>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE289D144EF20D0D" author="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P." box="[494,953,544,570]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref152865" refString="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P. 2009. The elasmobranch fauna of the Lede Sand Formation at Oosterzele (Lutetian, middle Eocene of Belgium). Palaeofocus 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 20, fig. 8.
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFDEFFF4FF7B9D704EEA0D69" box="[189,929,580,607]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FF7B9D704C1A0D69" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[189,337,580,606]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9D704C1A0D69" box="[189,337,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. – 
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFDEFFF4FE519D704F9B0D68" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[407,720,580,607]" page="58" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE519D704F9B0D68" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[407,720,580,607]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case 2016: 58</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 7, figs 12–13.
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FF7B9D5C4FA60DB5" blockId="91.[189,1399,436,642]" box="[189,749,616,642]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FF7B9D5C4C040DB5" ID-CoL="62T54" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[189,335,616,642]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Galeorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9D5C4C040DB5" box="[189,335,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeorhinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. – 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FE539D5C4F3F0DB5" author="Pandey D. K. &amp; Chaskar K. &amp; Case G. R." box="[405,628,616,642]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref148322" refString="Pandey D. K., Chaskar K. &amp; Case G. R. 2018. Two fossil shark teeth from lower Eocene shales of the Khuiala Formation, Jaisalmer Basin, India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 63 (2): 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="2018">
Pandey 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FE359D5D4F650DB5" box="[499,558,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4a–b.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9D9E4CE10DF3" bold="true" box="[189,426,682,708]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FF7B9DEE497C0A03" blockId="91.[189,1399,729,1332]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFDEFFF4FF7B9DEE49780A03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277952" collectingDate="1989-04-21" collectingDateMax="2016-04-25" collectingDateMin="1989-04-21" collectionCode="ALMNH, MMNS, MSC, SC, WSU" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" specimenCode="MSC 2180.1, MSC 2180.3, MSC 2381.2, MSC 2382.1, 3, MSC 34405.1, 4, MSC 34405.6, MSC 34408.8, MSC 34408.10, 12, MSC 37105.1, MSC 37137.1, MSC 37154.1, MSC 37635.2, MSC 37637.1, 2, MSC 37653.1, MSC 37655.1, MSC 37663.1, MSC 38153.1, 5, MSC 38154.1, 10, MSC 38155.1, MSC 38156.1, MSC 38170.1, MSC 38190.1, MSC 38192.1, 32, MSC 38193.1, MSC 38195.1, MSC 38216.1, MSC 38242.1, MSC 38243.1, MSC 38244.1, 11, MSC 38245.1, 9, MSC 38285.1, MSC 38318.1, MSC 38319.1, MSC 38321.1, MSC 38427.1, 13, MSC 38511.1, WSU 1, WSU 2, WSU 5001, WSU 5039, CC 527, CC 533, CC 832.1" specimenCount="318" stateProvince="Alabama">
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFDEFFF4FF7B9DEE4F230DC3" box="[189,616,730,756]" name="United States of America" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
– 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FD539DED4E4C0DC4" bold="true" box="[661,775,729,755]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFDEFFF4FD539DED4E4C0DC4" box="[661,775,729,755]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 507 isolated teeth; 
<location id="9561AA8CFFDEFFF4FBE19DED49B20DC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFDEFFF1FE1A9E3F4925083D:9561AA8CFFDEFFF4FBE19DED49B20DC3" box="[1063,1273,729,756]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
; 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FACD9DEE483C0DC3" box="[1291,1399,730,756]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV1989.4.125a (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FE4C9DCA4F6C0C2F" box="[394,551,765,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FDF99DCA4FE00C2F" box="[575,683,766,792]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV 
<date id="E400DA97FFDEFFF4FD199DCA4E180C2F" box="[735,851,766,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1989-04-21">
<collectingDate id="F444237FFFDEFFF4FD199DCA4E180C2F" box="[735,851,766,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="1989-04-21">1989.4.21</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FCAC9DCA494D0C2F" box="[874,1030,765,792]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FBD99DCA49C00C2F" box="[1055,1163,766,792]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV1989.4.219b (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FAA19DC94C770C0B" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE969C164CF70C0B" box="[336,444,802,828]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV1992.28.17 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FD479C164E520C0B" box="[641,793,801,828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FCE89C164ED10C0B" box="[814,922,802,828]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV1992.28.35 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FB999C1549BC0C0B" box="[1119,1271,801,828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FACD9C16483C0C0B" box="[1291,1399,802,828]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV2000.1.43.3, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE469C724CA70C57" box="[384,492,838,864]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV2005.6.441, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD729C724E6B0C57" box="[692,800,838,864]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
PV 
<date id="E400DA97FFDEFFF4FC959C714E800C57" box="[851,971,837,864]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="2016-04-25">
<collectingDate id="F444237FFFDEFFF4FC959C714E800C57" box="[851,971,837,864]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="2016-04-25">2016.4.25</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC1D9C72497E0C57" box="[987,1077,838,864]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8197 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FB069C7248210C57" box="[1216,1386,837,864]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF7B9C5E4C5C0CB3" box="[189,279,874,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8198 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FE5B9C5E4F7F0CB3" box="[413,564,873,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD8F9C5E4FE80CB3" box="[585,675,874,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8199 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FCEE9C5E4E950CB3" box="[808,990,873,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">122 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC359C5E49060CB3" box="[1011,1101,874,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8217 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FB149C5E48210CB3" box="[1234,1386,873,900]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF7B9CBA4C5C0C9F" box="[189,279,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8948 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFDEFFF4FE669CBA4F710C9F" box="[416,570,909,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD979CBA4FE00C9F" box="[593,683,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MMNS</collectionCode>
VP-8949, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FCF49CBA4E9B0C9F" box="[818,976,910,936]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FCF49CBA4E3B0C9F" box="[818,880,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
2180.1
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC199CBA49370C9F" box="[991,1148,910,936]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC199CBA49560C9F" box="[991,1053,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
2180.3
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB4A9CBA48620C9F" box="[1164,1321,910,936]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB4A9CBA49810C9F" box="[1164,1226,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
2381.2
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FAFE9CBA4C5A0CFB" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FAFE9CBA483D0C9F" box="[1336,1398,910,936]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
2382.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FEE79C864C650CFB" box="[289,302,946,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">3</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FEFE9C864C950CFB" box="[312,478,945,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FEFE9C864C3D0CFB" box="[312,374,946,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
34405.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FE289C854CB70CFB" box="[494,508,945,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">4</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FDC19C864FE00CFB" box="[519,683,945,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FDC19C864F0E0CFB" box="[519,581,946,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
34405.6
</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD6D9C854E1B0CFB" box="[683,848,945,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD6D9C854FA30CFB" box="[683,744,945,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
34408.8
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC9D9C8649590CFB" box="[859,1042,946,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC9D9C864ED20CFB" box="[859,921,946,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
34408.10
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FBE79C8649770CFB" box="[1057,1084,946,972]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">12</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB819C8649CE0CFB" box="[1095,1157,946,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37020, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB249C86486B0CFB" box="[1250,1312,946,972]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37104, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FF7B9CE24C2C0CC7" box="[189,359,981,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF7B9CE24DB00CC7" box="[189,251,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37105.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FEBE9CE14CCD0CC7" box="[376,390,981,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">4</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE509CE24C9F0CC7" box="[406,468,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37107, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FDFD9CE24FA30CC7" box="[571,744,982,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FDFD9CE24F320CC7" box="[571,633,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37137.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD3E9CE24E4F0CC7" box="[760,772,982,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">3</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FCD29CE24E190CC7" box="[788,850,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37144, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC7C9CE24EB30CC7" box="[954,1016,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37145, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FBA69CE248470CC7" box="[1120,1292,981,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FBA69CE249D50CC7" box="[1120,1182,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37154.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FADA9CE148630CC7" box="[1308,1320,981,1008]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">3</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FAFE9CE2483D0CC7" box="[1336,1398,982,1008]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37300, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FEDE9CCE4C1D0B23" box="[280,342,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37344, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE7C9CCE4CB30B23" box="[442,504,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37628, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD9A9CCE4E4D0B23" box="[604,774,1017,1044]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD9A9CCE4FD10B23" box="[604,666,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37635.2
</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FCD39CCE4EF40B24" box="[789,959,1017,1044]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FCD39CCE4E180B23" box="[789,851,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37637.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC089CCD4E970B24" box="[974,988,1017,1043]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC2D9CCE49DE0B23" box="[1003,1173,1017,1044]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC2D9CCE49620B23" box="[1003,1065,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37653.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB629CCD49F90B23" box="[1188,1202,1017,1044]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB069CCE482C0B23" box="[1216,1383,1017,1044]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB069CCE49B50B23" box="[1216,1278,1018,1044]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37655.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FF7B9B2A4D850B0F" box="[189,206,1054,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FF1A9B2A4CCD0B00" box="[220,390,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF1A9B2A4C510B0F" box="[220,282,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37663.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FE539B294CE80B00" box="[405,419,1053,1079]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE779B2A4CA40B0F" box="[433,495,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
37676, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD949B2A4FDB0B0F" box="[594,656,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38152, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD359B2A4ED50B0F" box="[755,926,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD359B2A4E7A0B0F" box="[755,817,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38153.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC6B9B294EF10B0F" box="[941,954,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">5</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC0E9B2A49390B0F" box="[968,1138,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC0E9B2A494D0B0F" box="[968,1030,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38154.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB449B2949D50B0F" box="[1154,1182,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">10</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB6D9B2A481F0B0F" box="[1195,1364,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB6D9B2A49A20B0F" box="[1195,1257,1054,1080]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38155.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FAA29B2948390B0F" box="[1380,1394,1053,1080]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FF7B9B764C220B6B" box="[189,361,1089,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF7B9B764DB00B6B" box="[189,251,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38156.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FEBE9B754CDF0B6B" box="[376,404,1089,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">12</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE659B764CAA0B6B" box="[419,481,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38169, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD8E9B764FBA0B6B" box="[584,753,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FD8E9B764FCD0B6B" box="[584,646,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38170.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FCC79B764E440B6B" box="[769,783,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">4</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FCD99B764E810B6B" box="[799,970,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FCD99B764E160B6B" box="[799,861,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38190.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FC1F9B764EAC0B6B" box="[985,999,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FC319B76497E0B6B" box="[1015,1077,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38191, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FB5D9B76480E0B6B" box="[1179,1349,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FB5D9B7649920B6B" box="[1179,1241,1090,1116]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38192.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FA939B7648390B6B" box="[1365,1394,1090,1116]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">32</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FF7B9B524C2E0BB7" box="[189,357,1126,1152]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FF7B9B524DB00BB7" box="[189,251,1126,1152]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38193.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FEB39B524CC80BB7" box="[373,387,1126,1152]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">4</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FE579B524F720BB7" box="[401,569,1125,1152]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FE579B524C840BB7" box="[401,463,1126,1152]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38195.1
</specimenCode>
– 
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFDEFFF4FD8F9B514F1C0BB7" box="[585,599,1125,1152]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">2</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFDEFFF4FDA29B524FE90BB7" box="[612,674,1126,1152]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">MSC</collectionCode>
38215, 
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2012.47.166 (
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(
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(
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(
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFDEFFF4FF7B9A684EA70862" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FF7B9A684C050A41" blockId="91.[189,334,1372,1398]" box="[189,334,1372,1398]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFDEFFF4FF7B9A684C050A41" bold="true" box="[189,334,1372,1398]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B9A684C050A41" bold="true" box="[189,334,1372,1398]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FF7B9ABF4EA70862" blockId="91.[189,1399,1419,1878]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Anterior teeth with nearly triangular crown; mesial and distal cutting edges slightly convex. Lingual crown face convex; labial face flat to very weakly convex; crown enameloid smooth. Mesial cutting edge denticulated along lower two-thirds, upper two-thirds smooth. Distal cutting edge similar, contiguous or with slightly differentiated distal heel. Denticulation on distal edge decreases in size basally. Upper part of mesial and distal cutting edges form triangular, nearly erect cusp. Root bulky, bilobate, with low, elongated, highly divergent lobes; pronounced lingual boss bisected by nutritive groove, which contains large nutritive foramen. Lateral teeth wide, with more convex mesial cutting edge, short distal cutting edge, distally directed cusp; conspicuous distal heel separated from cutting edge by pronounced notch; heel with up to 12 serrations, decreasing in size basally. Root wider, more labiolingually compressed than anterior teeth. Root lobes generally rounded, widely diverging; interlobe area weakly concave to absent. Basal root face distinctly flattened. Conspicuous nutritive groove on lingual root boss; multiple foramina located on labial root face. Gynandric heterodonty expressed as male lower anterior teeth with taller, mesiodistally thinner, more sigmoidal crown than female teeth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFDEFFF1FF7B984A4925083D" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF4FF7B984A4C6408AF" blockId="91.[189,303,1918,1944]" box="[189,303,1918,1944]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFDEFFF4FF7B984A4C6408AF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1918,1944]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FF7B984A4C6408AF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1918,1944]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDEFFF2FF7B98994F0A0ECC" blockId="91.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="93.[189,1399,267,508]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Numerous teeth in our sample appear to be conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDEFFF4FC48989949F808F0" authorityName="- Thurmond &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1981" box="[910,1203,1965,1991]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDEFFF4FC48989949F808F0" box="[910,1203,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a taxon erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDEFFF4FF2598E54CD808DC" author="Leriche M." box="[227,403,2001,2027]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche (1942)</bibRefCitation>
based on a single tooth derived from Jackson Group deposits at Cocoa in Choctaw County,AL.Although 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FE059E3F4FD20E12" author="Leriche M." box="[451,665,267,293]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche (1942: 11)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide more specific details regarding the stratigraphic horizon of this tooth, he noted that the collection of teeth he examined was collected “by C. Schuchert in 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFD8FFF2FF1A9E674C0D0E5A" box="[220,326,339,365]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Alabama</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFD8FFF2FE429E674F460E5A" box="[388,525,339,365]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
, partly in the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FD719E674E7F0E5A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" box="[695,820,339,365]" class="Mammalia" family="Basilosauridae" genus="Zeuglodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FD719E674E7F0E5A" box="[695,820,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Zeuglodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
beds.” In 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFD8FFF2FC749E6749540E5A" box="[946,1055,339,365]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, deposits within the town of Cocoa were designated the type section for the Cocoa Sand Member of the Yazoo Clay of the Jackson Group, the upper portion of which grades into a 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FD3D9EAE4E330E83" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" box="[763,888,410,436]" class="Mammalia" family="Basilosauridae" genus="Zeuglodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FD3D9EAE4E330E83" box="[763,888,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Zeuglodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-bearing bed (
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FBDB9EAE49F80E83" author="Cooke C. W." box="[1053,1203,410,436]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1387 - 1388" refId="ref140281" refString="Cooke C. W. 1933. Definition of Cocoa Sand Member of Jackson Formation. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 17 (11): 1387 - 1388." type="journal article" year="1933">Cooke 1933</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, it can be said with some certainty that the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FD809E8A4FB50EEF" authorityName="- Thurmond &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1981" box="[582,766,446,472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FD809E8A4FB50EEF" box="[582,766,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFD8FFF2FCC09E8A4E260EEF" box="[774,877,446,472]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected from the upper portion of the Priabonian Cocoa Sand Member.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFD9FFF3FF7B9A4F4CD408DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660323/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" startId="92.[189,232,1403,1429]" targetBox="[197,1390,267,1370]" targetPageId="92">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFD9FFF3FF7B9A4F4CD408DB" blockId="92.[189,1399,1403,2028]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FF7B9A4F4C510AA2" bold="true" box="[189,282,1403,1429]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD9FFF3FEE49A4F4E5B0AA2" authority="(Leriche, 1942)" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[290,784,1403,1429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEE49A4F4F1A0AA2" box="[290,593,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Physogaleus alabamensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD9FFF3FDA79A4F4E430AA2" author="Leriche M." box="[609,776,1403,1429]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD9FFF3FCDF9A4F4ED50AA1" box="[793,926,1403,1430]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, teeth. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC359A4F49670AA2" bold="true" box="[1011,1068,1403,1429]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">A–C</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FBFD9A4F49320AA2" box="[1083,1145,1403,1429]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
2382.1, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEB39AAA4CC10A8F" bold="true" box="[373,394,1438,1464]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FDF99AAB4F180A8E" bold="true" box="[575,595,1439,1465]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCCA9AAA4E6A0A8F" bold="true" box="[780,801,1438,1464]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC219AAB49560A8E" bold="true" box="[999,1053,1439,1465]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">D–F</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FBF69AAA49250A8F" box="[1072,1134,1438,1464]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
2382.3, lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEB39AF64CC10AEB" bold="true" box="[373,394,1474,1500]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FDFB9AF64F1A0AEB" bold="true" box="[573,593,1474,1500]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCCF9AF64E500AEB" bold="true" box="[777,795,1474,1500]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">F</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC189AF549440AEC" bold="true" box="[990,1039,1473,1499]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">G–I</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FBE49AF6492B0AEB" box="[1058,1120,1474,1500]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
34408.2, lateral tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FDD19AD04F650AC9" bold="true" box="[535,558,1508,1534]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">G</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD249AD14FB20AC8" bold="true" box="[738,761,1509,1535]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">H</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC749AD14EF60AC8" bold="true" box="[946,957,1509,1535]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">I</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB449AD149F80AC8" bold="true" box="[1154,1203,1509,1535]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">J–L</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FB009AD1484F0AC8" box="[1222,1284,1509,1535]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38154.1, lateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of T. Prescott Atkinson. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB0C993C49920915" bold="true" box="[1226,1241,1544,1570]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">J</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FF7B991F4D9F0972" bold="true" box="[189,212,1579,1605]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">K</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEB9991F4CD80972" bold="true" box="[383,403,1579,1605]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD8F991F4FC10972" bold="true" box="[585,650,1579,1605]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">M–O</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FD5F991F4F9C0972" box="[665,727,1579,1605]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38156.1, anterolateral tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FF7B997B4D92095E" bold="true" box="[189,217,1615,1641]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">M</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FE47997B4CDD095E" bold="true" box="[385,406,1615,1641]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">N</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD82997A4F10095F" bold="true" box="[580,603,1614,1640]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">O</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCD2997B4E01095E" bold="true" box="[788,842,1615,1641]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P–R</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FC9F997A4EDC095F" box="[857,919,1614,1640]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38154.3, lateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of T. Prescott Atkinson. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCA999464ECA09BB" bold="true" box="[879,897,1650,1676]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">P</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FBE89945490E09BC" bold="true" box="[1070,1093,1649,1675]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Q</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB309946484009BB" bold="true" box="[1270,1291,1650,1676]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">R</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEC099A04C710999" bold="true" box="[262,314,1684,1710]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">S–U</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FE8A99A14CC10998" box="[332,394,1685,1711]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
37154.3, anterolateral tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of James Lowery. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEB4998C4CC909E5" bold="true" box="[370,386,1720,1746]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">S</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FDE3998C4F7209E5" bold="true" box="[549,569,1720,1746]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">T</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD27998C4FBD09E5" bold="true" box="[737,758,1720,1746]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">U</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC6F998C4EA909E5" bold="true" box="[937,994,1720,1746]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">V–X</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FC36998C496509E5" box="[1008,1070,1720,1746]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38485.9, lateral tooth, basal Lisbon Formation. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FE6399EF4CF109C2" bold="true" box="[421,442,1755,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">V</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FDAD99EF4FC309C2" bold="true" box="[619,648,1755,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">W</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCFB99EF4E1909C2" bold="true" box="[829,850,1755,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">X</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FBD599EF492A09C2" bold="true" box="[1043,1121,1755,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Y–AA</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FBB599EF49FA09C2" box="[1139,1201,1755,1781]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38242.2, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FE3A99CB4F5A082E" bold="true" box="[508,529,1791,1817]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Y</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD7F99CB4F86082E" bold="true" box="[697,717,1791,1817]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Z</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCBF99CA4EE8082F" bold="true" box="[889,931,1790,1816]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">AA</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB9D99CB49F0082E" bold="true" box="[1115,1211,1791,1817]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">BB–DD</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FB0C99CA4843082F" box="[1226,1288,1790,1816]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38485.2, lateral tooth, basal Lisbon Formation. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD5298164FF0080B" bold="true" box="[660,699,1826,1852]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">BB</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCA998154ED2080C" bold="true" box="[879,921,1825,1851]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">CC</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB9498164937080B" bold="true" box="[1106,1148,1826,1852]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">DD</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FA8798164DA00869" bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">EE– GG</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FF3C98714C730868" box="[250,312,1861,1887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38511.1, lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCF898714E2E0868" bold="true" box="[830,869,1861,1887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">EE</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FBCB9871497A0868" bold="true" box="[1037,1073,1861,1887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FF</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB18987048470869" bold="true" box="[1246,1292,1860,1886]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">GG</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEC2985C4C1508B5" bold="true" box="[260,350,1896,1922]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">HH–JJ</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FEAB985C4CE008B5" box="[365,427,1896,1922]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
37144, male anterior tooth, Tallahatta/Lisbon formation contact zone, courtesy of James Lowery. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FEBC98BF4CE30892" bold="true" box="[378,424,1931,1957]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">HH</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD9198BF4F250892" bold="true" box="[599,622,1931,1957]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">II</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FCE498BF4E740892" bold="true" box="[802,831,1931,1957]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">JJ</emphasis>
. Lingual view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC3998BF49380892" bold="true" box="[1023,1139,1931,1957]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">KK–MM</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFD9FFF3FB4298BF49890892" box="[1156,1218,1931,1957]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MSC</collectionCode>
38156.6, male anterior tooth, lower Tallahatta Formation. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FD0C989B4FB308FE" bold="true" box="[714,760,1967,1993]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">KK</emphasis>
. Labial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FC6C989B4E9A08FE" bold="true" box="[938,977,1967,1993]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">LL</emphasis>
. Mesial view. 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD9FFF3FB4E989B49F408FE" bold="true" box="[1160,1215,1967,1993]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MM</emphasis>
. Lingual view. Scale bars = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFD8FFF2FF7B9D104EE70A3F" blockId="93.[189,1399,547,1288]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Upon reexamination of the 
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFD8FFF2FDC09D174F260D0A" box="[518,621,547,573]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FD519D104E040D09" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[663,847,548,574]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FD519D104E040D09" box="[663,847,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, USNM 8256, we determined that the species name is valid and that it is more appropriately assignable to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC6B9D73490A0D56" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[941,1089,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC6B9D73490A0D56" box="[941,1089,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FB439D7348450D56" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[1157,1294,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FB439D7348450D56" box="[1157,1294,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Galeocerdo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. USNM 8256 exhibits several characteristics that better ally it with 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC589D5F49790DB2" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[926,1074,619,645]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC589D5F49790DB2" box="[926,1074,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including a mesiodistally thinner crown that is sinuous in profile view and smooth cutting edges (although cusplets are developed on the base of the mesial edge and on the distal heel). In contrast, mesial cutting edges of all the species of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FEF89DE24C8C0DC7" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[318,455,726,752]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FEF89DE24C8C0DC7" box="[318,455,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Galeocerdo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined, both fossil and extant (for a discussion on the differences between 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF7B9DCE4C1A0C23" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[189,337,762,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF7B9DCE4C1A0C23" box="[189,337,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FE489DCE4F5C0C23" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[398,535,762,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FE489DCE4F5C0C23" box="[398,535,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Galeocerdo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FD909DCE4E140C23" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[598,863,762,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FD909DCE4E140C23" box="[598,863,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC5D9DCE490E0C23" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[923,1093,762,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC5D9DCE490E0C23" box="[923,1093,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below), have a thick, flat crown, completely (or nearly completely) serrated mesial cutting edge, and serrated distal cutting edge. Furthermore, in a comparison with the teeth in our Claiborne sample, we conclude that USNM 8256 represents an upper lateral tooth, and that the dentition of this species is very similar to that of another Claiborne species, 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FE669CBD4FE20C94" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[416,681,905,931]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FE669CBD4FE20C94" box="[416,681,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our sample includes numerous teeth of both species, from all jaw positions, including upper and lower anterior, lateral, and symphyseal positions, as well as male teeth. These two taxa are differentiated from each other by the number of mesial denticulations and distal cusplets present, with teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDD89CC04E070B39" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[542,844,1012,1038]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDD89CC04E070B39" box="[542,844,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FC959CC04E9F0B39" box="[851,980,1012,1038]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
having well-defined cusplets on the mesial cutting edge that extend up to two-thirds the height of the crown, and up to 12 denticulations on the distal heel. In contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDC49B084FC60B62" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[514,653,1083,1109]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDC49B084FC60B62" box="[514,653,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has indistinct, if any, denticulation that is limited to the lower part of the mesial cutting edge, and four or less cusplets on the distal heel. Although these differences could be attributed to ontogeny within a single species, our sample of both morphologies contains teeth ranging in mesiodistal width from 
<quantity id="574651B2FFD8FFF2FDA79B924FEC0BF6" box="[609,679,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="574651B2FFD8FFF2FD149B924E610BF6" box="[722,810,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
. This indicates that the number of denticulations does not increase with the age of the animal (ontogeny), but rather that this is a taxonomically useful characteristic that can be used to differentiate these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFD8FFF2FF7B9A044EA608B2" blockId="93.[189,1399,1328,1926]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Several other Eocene species of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDAB9A044E4A0A7D" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[621,769,1328,1354]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDAB9A044E4A0A7D" box="[621,769,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described in the literature, including 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF7B9A604F4F0A5A" authority="(Case, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Case" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[189,516,1363,1389]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF7B9A604C280A5A" box="[189,355,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. americanus</emphasis>
(Case, 1994)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDD69A604E0F0A59" authority="(Agassiz, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[528,836,1363,1390]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDD69A604F340A5A" box="[528,639,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. cuvieri</emphasis>
(Agassiz, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC969A6049F20A5A" authority="Muller, 1999" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1999" box="[848,1209,1363,1389]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latecuspidatus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC969A60495D0A5A" box="[848,1046,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. latecuspidatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FBD89A6749F20A5A" author="Muller A." box="[1054,1209,1363,1389]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FB009A604C850AA6" authority="Case &amp; Borodin, 2000" authorityName="Case &amp; Borodin" authorityYear="2000" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosehillensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FB009A60483D0A5A" box="[1222,1398,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. rosehillensis</emphasis>
Case &amp; Borodin, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDC99A4C4E290AA5" authority="(Winkler, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[527,866,1399,1426]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDC99A4C4FD20AA6" box="[527,665,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FD6C9A434E120AA5" author="Winkler T. C." box="[682,857,1399,1426]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="16 - 48" refId="ref154199" refString="Winkler T. C. 1876. Deuxieme memoire sur des dents de poissons fossiles du terrain Bruxellien. Archives du Musee Teyler 4 (1): 16 - 48." type="journal article" year="1876">Winkler, 1876</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A comparison to these varied taxa indicates that the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FEE29AA84C930A82" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[292,472,1435,1461]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FEE29AA84C930A82" box="[292,472,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FE229AAF4F210A82" box="[484,618,1435,1461]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
morphology is both unique and valid. The differences between 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF7B9A8B4C270AEF" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[189,364,1470,1496]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF7B9A8B4C270AEF" box="[189,364,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FEB79A8A4CB90AEE" box="[369,498,1470,1497]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDEE9A8B4FFB0AEF" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[552,688,1470,1496]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDEE9A8B4FFB0AEF" box="[552,688,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been noted above, and 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC3A9A8B49E00AEF" authorityName="Case &amp; Borodin" authorityYear="2000" box="[1020,1195,1470,1496]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosehillensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC3A9A8B49E00AEF" box="[1020,1195,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. rosehillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by having fewer denticulations than 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FE3E9AD74FE00ACB" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[504,683,1506,1532]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FE3E9AD74FE00ACB" box="[504,683,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FD709AD64E700ACA" box="[694,827,1506,1533]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Also, 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FC489AD649FE0ACA" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[910,1205,1506,1533]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case (2016)</bibRefCitation>
have suggested that the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FEE599324CFD0917" authorityName="Case &amp; Borodin" authorityYear="2000" box="[291,438,1542,1568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosehillensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FEE599324CFD0917" box="[291,438,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">rosehillensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology should be considered a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FBAE993349BF0917" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1128,1268,1542,1568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FBAE993349BF0917" box="[1128,1268,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it falls within the morphological range of this latter taxon. Although the teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FB95991F4DB30950" authority="Muller, 1999" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1999" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latecuspidatus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FB95991F48520973" box="[1107,1305,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. latecuspidatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FAE6991E4DB30950" author="Muller A." pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref146931" refString="Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 - 10: 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1999">Müller, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have more defined mesial denticles than generally observed on 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC1E997A49140950" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[984,1119,1613,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC1E997A49140950" box="[984,1119,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it still has fewer mesial denticles and distal cusplets than on 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDB399464E6D09BC" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[629,806,1649,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDB399464E6D09BC" box="[629,806,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FCE999454EF809BB" box="[815,947,1649,1676]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FC7D9945484909BC" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1999" box="[955,1282,1649,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latecuspidatus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FC7D9945484909BC" box="[955,1282,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus latecuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also fall within the morphological range, and could be considered a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FBB399A249B60998" baseAuthorityName="Winkler" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1141,1277,1685,1711]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FBB399A249B60998" box="[1141,1277,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. secundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF19998D4F5D09E4" authority="(Agassiz, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[223,534,1720,1747]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF19998D4C1B09E5" box="[223,336,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. cuvieri</emphasis>
(Agassiz, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
have three-to-five distal cusplets and very few, if any, mesial denticles. Not only do the number of mesial denticles and distal cusplets separate these teeth from those of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF7B98354C27082D" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[189,364,1792,1818]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF7B98354C27082D" box="[189,364,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FEB498344CBD082D" box="[370,502,1792,1818]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FDEB98344FB5082C" author="Fanti F. &amp; Minelli D. &amp; Conte G. L. &amp; Miyashita T." box="[557,766,1792,1819]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="9" refId="ref141714" refString="Fanti F., Minelli D., Conte G. L. &amp; Miyashita T. 2016. An exceptionally preserved Eocene shark and the rise of modern predator-prey interactions in the coral reef food web. Zoological Letters 2: 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40851 - 016 - 0045 - 4" type="journal article" year="2016">
Fanti 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDB698354FE1082D" box="[624,682,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a convincing argument that 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FB7198354857082D" box="[1207,1308,1793,1818]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuveri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FB7198354857082D" box="[1207,1308,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. cuveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead belongs in 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FEF998104C9A0809" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[319,465,1828,1854]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Galeorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FEF998104C9A0809" box="[319,465,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Galeorhinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FDBE98104E630809" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[632,808,1828,1854]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FDBE98104E630809" box="[632,808,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FCF698104EF90809" box="[816,946,1828,1854]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ from those of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FB6D9810481A080A" baseAuthorityName="Case" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1195,1361,1828,1853]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FB6D9810481A080A" box="[1195,1361,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having more mesial denticles and distal cusplets, and by lacking the single large mesial cusplet as seen on the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FECB98584CF808B2" baseAuthorityName="Case" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[269,435,1900,1925]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FECB98584CF808B2" box="[269,435,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFD8FFF2FE7C98584CA608B1" box="[442,493,1900,1926]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">type</typeStatus>
specimens (see 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FD6A985F4E7208B2" author="Case G. R." box="[684,825,1899,1925]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="97 - 138" refId="ref138502" refString="Case G. R. 1994 a. Fossil fish remains from the late Paleocene Tuscahoma and early Eocene Bashi formations of Meridian, Lauderdale County, Mississippi. Part I - Selachians. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 230 (4 - 6): 97 - 138." type="journal article" year="1994">Case 1994a</bibRefCitation>
: figs 214–218).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFD8FFF1FF7B989948390EB8" blockId="93.[189,1398,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="94.[189,1399,267,400]" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
The 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FF35989A4CEE08F0" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[243,421,1965,1991]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FF35989A4CEE08F0" box="[243,421,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFD8FFF2FE6B98994F7B08FF" box="[429,560,1965,1992]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
teeth in our sample most closely resemble those of the Oligocene and Miocene 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFD8FFF2FEEB98E54FF508DC" authority="(Storms, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Storms" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[301,702,2001,2027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFD8FFF2FEEB98E54F4808DC" box="[301,515,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Physogaleus latus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFD8FFF2FDD398E54FFD08DC" author="Storms R." box="[533,694,2001,2027]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="67 - 82" refId="ref151052" refString="Storms R. 1894. Troisieme note sur les poissons du terrain rupelien. Bulletin de la Societe belge de Geologie, de Paleontologie et d'Hydrologie 8: 67 - 82." type="journal article" year="1894">Storms, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as both have distinct mesial and distal cusplets. The teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FF199E384CDA0E12" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[223,401,267,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF199E384CDA0E12" box="[223,401,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FE5C9E3F4F6B0E11" box="[410,544,267,294]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, can be differentiated from this latter taxon by the number of distal cusplets which 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FE719E1B4F140E7E" author="Storms R." box="[439,607,303,329]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="67 - 82" refId="ref151052" refString="Storms R. 1894. Troisieme note sur les poissons du terrain rupelien. Bulletin de la Societe belge de Geologie, de Paleontologie et d'Hydrologie 8: 67 - 82." type="journal article" year="1894">Storms (1894)</bibRefCitation>
reported never exceeds five on 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FC149E04496C0E7E" baseAuthorityName="Storms" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[978,1063,303,329]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FC149E04496C0E7E" box="[978,1063,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although as many as 12 can be present on 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FEA49E674F580E5B" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[354,531,338,364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FEA49E674F580E5B" box="[354,531,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FDDC9E664FD70E5B" box="[538,668,338,364]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The similarity in morphology between these two species, and the slightly younger stratigraphic age of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FD5F9E424FA40EB8" baseAuthorityName="Storms" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[665,751,373,399]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FD5F9E424FA40EB8" box="[665,751,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggests that these two taxa might be closely aligned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDBFFF1FF7B9E83482B0CAB" blockId="94.[189,1399,439,924]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FF7B9E834CBE0EE6" author="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E." box="[189,501,439,465]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. &amp; Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond &amp; Jones (1981)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the validity of the 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FC9C9E834EA60EE6" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[858,1005,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FC9C9E834EA60EE6" box="[858,1005,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology, noting the sinuosity of its crown. Our reexamination of their two figured specimens revealed that one specimen belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FF199ECA4CD90D20" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[223,402,509,535]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF199ECA4CD90D20" box="[223,402,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FE5B9EC94F690D2F" box="[413,546,509,536]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(fig. 28, right), but the other (fig. 28, left) is 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FB919EC948240D20" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[1111,1391,509,535]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FB919EC948240D20" box="[1111,1391,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FF7B9D154F520D0B" author="Manning E. M. &amp; Standhardt B. R." box="[189,537,545,572]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="133 - 161" refId="ref146331" refString="Manning E. M. &amp; Standhardt B. R. 1986. Late Eocene sharks and rays of Montgomery Landing, Louisiana. In: Schiebout J. A. &amp; van den Bold W. (eds) Montgomery Landing Site, Marine Eocene (Jackson) of Central Louisiana: 133 - 161. Symposium Proceedings, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Baton Rouge." type="proceedings paper" year="1986">Manning &amp; Standhardt (1986)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FD019D154E870D0C" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[711,972,545,571]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FD019D154E870D0C" box="[711,972,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FB2B9D154C1B0D69" authorityName="- Thurmond &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1981" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FB2B9D154C1B0D69" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that the former represented the upper teeth of the latter. However, serrations on the teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FED99D5C4CF10DB6" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[287,442,615,642]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FED99D5C4CF10DB6" box="[287,442,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">G. clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are compound and extend nearly to the cusp apex on the mesial and distal edges (see below), whereas cusplets are not serrated on 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FCC89DBF4EF40D92" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[782,959,651,677]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FCC89DBF4EF40D92" box="[782,959,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FC0E9DBE49000D92" box="[968,1099,650,677]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and cutting edges on the main cusp are smooth. This indicates that the morphologies belong to entirely different taxa. 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FB319D9A4CCF0DDC" author="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J." pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref148373" refString="Parmley D. &amp; Cicimurri D. J. 2003. Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 61 (3): 153 - 179." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley &amp; Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
later identified teeth within their sample from the Clinchfield Formation in 
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFDBFFF1FB3F9DE5481C0DDC" box="[1273,1367,721,747]" name="Georgia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Georgia</collectingCountry>
as belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FE909DC04F320C39" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[342,633,756,782]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FE909DC04F320C39" box="[342,633,756,782]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noting that the teeth were completely serrated and that serrations were compound. Their determination was based on 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FCEC9C2C4E960C04" author="White E. I." box="[810,989,792,819]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White’s (1956)</bibRefCitation>
identification of teeth from South Carolina as 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FE8A9C084F4F0C62" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[332,516,827,854]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FE8A9C084F4F0C62" box="[332,516,827,854]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">G. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but upon our reexamination, it is clear that 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FBD19C0F49900C62" author="Leriche M." box="[1047,1243,827,853]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref145078" refString="Leriche M. 1942. Contribution a l'etude des faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains tertiaires de la Plaine cotiere atlantique et du centre des Etats-Unis. Les synchronismes des formations tertiaires des deux cotes de l'Atlantique. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 45 (2 - 4): 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Leriche’s (1942)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FB229C0F483C0C62" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[1252,1399,827,853]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FB229C0F483C0C62" box="[1252,1399,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FFDBFFF1FF7B9C6A4C6F0C4F" box="[189,292,862,888]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is significantly different from the Clinchfield material. Our reexamination of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FB6B9C6A487D0C4F" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[1197,1334,862,888]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FB6B9C6A487D0C4F" box="[1197,1334,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth from the Clinchfield Formation suggests that they compare more favorably to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FB979CB648120CAB" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1956" box="[1105,1369,898,924]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarkensis">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FB979CB648120CAB" box="[1105,1369,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo clarkensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDBFFF1FF7B9CF74FAA0BC0" blockId="94.[189,1399,963,1272]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Several teeth in our sample appear conspecific to those illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FC249CF04C4D0B36" author="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P." pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref152865" refString="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P. 2009. The elasmobranch fauna of the Lede Sand Formation at Oosterzele (Lutetian, middle Eocene of Belgium). Palaeofocus 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Van den Eeckhaut and De Schutter (2009</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 20, figs 9–11) as 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FDD49CD34E480B36" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[530,771,999,1025]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FDD49CD34E480B36" box="[530,771,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo latidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Not only are these teeth similar in overall form to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FF7B9B3E4CA50B13" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[189,494,1034,1060]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF7B9B3E4CA50B13" box="[189,494,1034,1060]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Physogaleus alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FE319B3E4F360B13" box="[503,637,1034,1060]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, they also have the same number of cusplets on the mesial and distal cutting edges, and lack serrations above the distal notch and on the upper third of the mesial blade. 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FECC9B654F910B5C" author="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P." box="[266,730,1104,1131]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref152865" refString="Van den Eeckhaut G. &amp; De Schutter P. 2009. The elasmobranch fauna of the Lede Sand Formation at Oosterzele (Lutetian, middle Eocene of Belgium). Palaeofocus 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter (2009</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 20, fig. 8) also illustrated a tooth that they assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FF7B9B404C2E0BB9" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,357,1140,1166]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF7B9B404C2E0BB9" box="[189,357,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this specimen lacks denticulations on the upper portion of the crown, and it exhibits a pronounced distal notch, a characteristic not well defined on the teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FBFC9BAC49A80B86" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[1082,1251,1175,1202]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eaglesomei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FBFC9BAC49A80B86" box="[1082,1251,1175,1202]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">G. eaglesomei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We believe that the two teeth are more appropriately assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FC8B9B8E4EAA0BE3" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[845,993,1210,1236]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FC8B9B8E4EAA0BE3" box="[845,993,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and that they are comparable to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FF7B9BEA4C260BCF" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[189,365,1246,1272]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF7B9BEA4C260BCF" box="[189,365,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FEB29BEA4CBD0BCF" box="[372,502,1246,1272]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as described above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDBFFF1FF7B9A2B4FF7093A" blockId="94.[189,1399,1311,1549]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Both 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FF399A2B4CB80A0E" author="Clayton A. A. &amp; Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J." box="[255,499,1311,1337]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="60 - 73" refId="ref139906" refString="Clayton A. A., Ciampaglio, C. N. &amp; Cicimurri, D. J. 2013. An inquiry into the stratigraphic occurrence of a Claibornian (Eocene) vertebrate fauna from Covington County, Alabama. Bulletin Alabama Museum of Natural History 31 (2): 60 - 73." type="journal article" year="2013">
Clayton 
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FEA39A144CEA0A0E" box="[357,417,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
(2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3j) and 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FD4A9A2B4EEC0A0E" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[652,935,1311,1337]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case (2016</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 8, figs 12–16) illustrated teeth that they identified as 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FE529A764FCF0A6B" authorityName="- Van den Eeckhaut &amp; De Schutter" authorityYear="2009" box="[404,644,1346,1372]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Galeocerdo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FE529A764FCF0A6B" box="[404,644,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Galeocerdo latidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that we herein refer to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FC629A77491D0A6B" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[932,1110,1346,1372]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FC629A77491D0A6B" box="[932,1110,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FB999A7649AF0A6B" box="[1119,1252,1346,1373]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
These teeth all have more than four cusplets on the distal heel, they have well-defined mesial denticles that do not extend to the cusp apex, and serrations are lacking on the cutting edges. 
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFDBFFF1FBEE9ABD48390A93" author="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R." box="[1064,1394,1417,1444]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. &amp; Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta &amp; Case (2016: 58</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 7, figs 12–13) also described teeth that they assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FC549A98496D0AF1" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityYear="1980" box="[914,1062,1452,1478]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FC549A98496D0AF1" box="[914,1062,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Physogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., noting the morphology was common in the Ypresian of Prémontré in the Paris Basin. It is our opinion that these teeth are also conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFDBFFF1FE429AC04F7F093A" authorityName="Ebersole &amp; Cicimurri &amp; Stringer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[388,564,1523,1549]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Physogaleus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alabamensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FE429AC04F7F093A" box="[388,564,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. alabamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9F99D3EFFDBFFF1FDFD9AC74FF7093A" box="[571,700,1523,1549]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDBFFF1FF7B99004E5F0979" blockId="94.[189,788,1588,1615]" box="[189,788,1588,1615]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="CB494B3BFFDBFFF1FF7B99004E5F0979" bold="true" box="[189,788,1588,1615]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFDBFFF1FF7B99004E5F0979" bold="true" box="[189,788,1588,1615]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Stratigraphic and geographic range in 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFDBFFF1FD6499004E5F0979" box="[674,788,1588,1614]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFDBFFF1FF7B99574925083D" blockId="94.[189,1399,1635,1803]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
The specimens in our sample were collected from the Meridian Sand Member of the Tallahatta Formation and the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, the Tallahatta Formation at site AMo-8, the contact of the Tallahatta and 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFDBFFF1FE7D999E4F4709F3" box="[443,524,1706,1732]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
formations and the basal 
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Formation at site ACov-11, the “upper” 
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFDBFFF1FF7B99F94C4509D0" box="[189,270,1741,1767]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
Formation at site ACl-3, the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl-4, and the Gosport Sand at sites ACh-21 and ACl-15. Upper Ypresian to middle Bartonian, zones NP12 to NP17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>