260 lines
32 KiB
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260 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="786338A27E1B7423822A27C008F7E05B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FF8BFFBFFD759AE249460B55" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heterodontus de Blainville 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1498311E9ECB9204334F452F83559CF3">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67FB1615AA49EC1C488BC1E2625276B2">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="564C56D9D58E4D842CB443E1A4814EC8">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7CFD76BB3A798AA0A9A205D1161F0F10">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F2AACDEFC9F521E0A264245B846319D2">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="18174D41FF8BFFBFFD759AE249460B55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664486" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162073110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664486" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF8BFFBFFD759AE249460B55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF8BFFBFFD759AE249460B55" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8BFFA1FD759AE24ECB0AC6" box="[691,896,1494,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FD759AE24ECB0AC6" blockId="14.[691,896,1494,1557]" box="[691,896,1494,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF8BFFA1FD759AE24ECB0AC6" box="[691,896,1494,1521]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8BFFA1FD759AE24E130AC6" ID-CoL="636SQ" ID-ENA="7791" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[691,856,1494,1521]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FD759AE24E130AC6" bold="true" box="[691,856,1494,1521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Heterodontus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8BFFA1FD319ACE4E770922" box="[759,828,1530,1557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FD319ACE4E770922" blockId="14.[691,896,1494,1557]" box="[759,828,1530,1557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8BFFA1FD319ACE4E770922" box="[759,828,1530,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8BFFA1FF7B9908485A0961" box="[189,1297,1596,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FF7B9908485A0961" blockId="14.[189,1297,1596,1623]" box="[189,1297,1596,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FF8BFFA1FF7B9908485A0961" box="[189,1297,1596,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8BFFA1FF7B99084E760961" ID-CoL="636SQ" authority="- White 1956: 128" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1816" box="[189,829,1596,1623]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FF7B99084C170961" box="[189,348,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Heterodontus</emphasis>
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sp. cf.
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<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FF8BFFA1FE7799094E760961" author="White E. I." box="[433,829,1596,1623]" page="128" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1956">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FE7799094F130961" box="[433,600,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. woodwardi</emphasis>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF8BFFA1FDB399084E760961" author="White E. I." box="[629,829,1596,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="123 - 150" refId="ref153972" refString="White E. I. 1956. The Eocene fishes of Alabama. Bulletins of American Paleontology 36 (156): 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="1956">White 1956: 128</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FF8BFFA1FCAB9908498A0961" author="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E." box="[877,1217,1596,1623]" page="42" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF8BFFA1FCAB9908498A0961" author="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E." box="[877,1217,1596,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref152244" refString="Thurmond J. T. & Jones D. E. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1981">Thurmond & Jones 1981: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 9.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8BFFA1FF7B994A497609DB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FF7B994A4CE109AF" blockId="14.[189,426,1662,1688]" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF8BFFA1FF7B994A4CE109AF" bold="true" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FF7B994A4CE109AF" bold="true" box="[189,426,1662,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FF7B999A497609DB" blockId="14.[189,1398,1709,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF8BFFA1FF7B999A4F2D09F0" box="[189,614,1709,1736]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
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–
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF8BFFA1FD5499994E4F09F0" box="[658,772,1709,1735]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FD5499994E4F09F0" bold="true" box="[658,772,1709,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alabama</emphasis>
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||
</collectingRegion>
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• 7 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group;
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FB2E9999486D09F0" box="[1256,1318,1709,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MSC</collectionCode>
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2394,
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FF7B99E54DB009DC" box="[189,251,1745,1771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MSC</collectionCode>
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37449,
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FE9C99E54CD309DC" box="[346,408,1745,1771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MSC</collectionCode>
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||
37320,
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FE3E99E54F7D09DC" box="[504,566,1745,1771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MSC</collectionCode>
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||
35769.1–2,
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<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FD0E99E54FA009DC" box="[712,747,1745,1771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SC</collectionCode>
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||
2012.47.33,
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||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8BFFA1FCB999E54EE909DB" box="[895,930,1745,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SC</collectionCode>
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2012.47.156.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8BFFA0FF7B982748220EB8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA1FF7B98274C05081A" blockId="14.[189,334,1811,1837]" box="[189,334,1811,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF8BFFA1FF7B98274C05081A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1811,1837]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8BFFA1FF7B98274C05081A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1811,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8BFFA0FF7B987648220EB8" blockId="14.[189,1399,1858,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[189,1399,267,399]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Only lateral teeth were identified in our sample. Lateral teeth are apicobasally compressed and mesiodistally elongated. Teeth range from oval to rectangular to slightly sigmoidal in occlusal outline. Crown is dome-shaped and ranges from non-cuspidate to weakly cuspidate in profile view. Teeth have a medial transverse ridge that extends mesiodistally across the tooth, but not to the lateral margins. The ridge bisects the oral surface into labial and lingual crown faces of unequal size. Crown enameloid ranges from completely smooth to heavily ornamented, with ornamentation consisting of a combination of reticulated, folded, and smooth surfaces. Reticulations and folds often intersect the transverse ridge, but do not reach the crown foot. Transverse furrow at base of lingual face serves as articulation surface for succeeding tooth. Root is thin with flat attachment surface, slightly smaller in area than the crown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF8AFFBFFF7B9E8349460B55" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8AFFA0FF7B9E834C640EE6" blockId="15.[189,303,439,465]" box="[189,303,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFF8AFFA0FF7B9E834C640EE6" bold="true" box="[189,303,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF7B9E834C640EE6" bold="true" box="[189,303,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8AFFA0FF7B9ED14F830C0B" blockId="15.[189,1399,485,828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
Our sample of Claiborne specimens includes seven
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FCDB9ED14EF70EC8" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[797,956,485,511]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FCDB9ED14EF70EC8" box="[797,956,485,511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Heterodontus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lateral teeth, five of which preserve a complete crown. These teeth include both cuspidate (
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8AFFA0FCF39D3C4E870D14" box="[821,972,520,547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5E, G, I</figureCitation>
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) and non-cuspidate forms (
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8AFFA0FAD59D3C4D9F0D72" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
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). Of the cuspidate teeth, the central cusp is located either in the center of the crown (
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8AFFA0FB129D1F48000D71" box="[1236,1355,555,582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5G, I</figureCitation>
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) or is offset laterally (
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||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8AFFA0FE5A9D7A4CB10D5E" box="[412,506,590,617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating they are from different tooth positions. On the non-cuspidate teeth, the crown is more dome-shaped in profile view than those with cusps. On all the teeth, the crown ornamentation differs on the lingual and labial surfaces. In general, the lingual crown surface is more ornamented than the labial surface, often consisting of bifurcating ridges or folds that intersect with the transverse ridge but do not reach the edges of the crown. The labial surface on at least one tooth (MSC 37449;
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF8AFFA0FED39DCA4CCE0C2E" box="[277,389,766,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,1164,1829]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Heterodontus sp. lateral teeth. A–B. MSC 35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Lingual view. B. Oral view. C–D. MSC 35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. C. Lingual view. D. Oral view. E–F. SC2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation. E. Lingual view. F. Oral view. G–H. MSC 37320, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Oral view. I–J. MSC 37449, basal Gosport Sand. I. Labial view. J. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5I –J</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a reticulated ornamentation, but the ornamentation is nondescript or absent on the other teeth in our sample, likely due to wear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8AFFBFFF7B9C574F350EC9" blockId="15.[189,1399,867,1105]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,267,510]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FE909C574CBE0C4A" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[342,501,867,893]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FE909C574CBE0C4A" box="[342,501,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our sample were directly compared to the jaws of two modern members of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FEA59CB24E260C97" authority="(Meyer, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[355,877,902,928]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portusjacksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FEA59CB24FF20C97" box="[355,697,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Heterodontus portusjacksoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Meyer, 1793)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FC6D9CB248700C97" authority="(Gray, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[939,1339,902,928]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FC6D9CB249DE0C97" box="[939,1173,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Heterodontus zebra</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1831)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our observations of these Recent specimens showed that the lateral teeth on the jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FB639C9E483C0CF3" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1189,1399,938,964]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portusjacksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FB639C9E483C0CF3" box="[1189,1399,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. portusjacksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are non-cuspidate, whereas several lateral files on the jaw of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FCBA9CFA4EAB0CD0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[892,992,973,999]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FCBA9CFA4EAB0CD0" box="[892,992,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. zebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have teeth with cusps. On the jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FF189CC54C0E0B3D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[222,325,1008,1034]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF189CC54C0E0B3D" box="[222,325,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. zebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the teeth within the first few lateral rows are more cuspidate than those in the remaining lateral files, having the appearance of a low-crowned crushing tooth with a cusp. Within the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FF7B9B034C690B67" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[189,290,1078,1104]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF7B9B034C690B67" box="[189,290,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. zebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the teeth were observed to become progressively more cuspidate in the younger replacement rows, and the transverse ridges in both species become more robust in these rows. This suggests that the formation of cuspidate teeth and expression of the transverse ridge might be related to ontogeny, and that both features increase in size/robustness as an individual aged. With respect to general morphology and ornamentation, the upper lateral teeth of both species appear to be identical to the lower laterals, making it difficult to distinguish upper and lower files. Furthermore, the teeth of both species appear more worn in the more labial, functional rows, possibly suggesting a longer period of tooth retention in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF95FFBFFF7B9ED74C170ECA" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[189,348,483,509]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF95FFBFFF7B9ED74C170ECA" box="[189,348,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in other shark taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFF8AFFA0FF7B98754E9708DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660269/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1857,1883]" targetBox="[199,1386,1180,1807]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF8AFFA0FF7B98754E9708DE" blockId="15.[189,1399,1857,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF7B98754C44086C" bold="true" box="[189,271,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF8AFFA0FEDC98754CF2086C" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[282,441,1857,1883]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FEDC98754CF2086C" box="[282,441,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. lateral teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FD5598754F81086C" bold="true" box="[659,714,1857,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8AFFA0FD1B98754E50086C" box="[733,795,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
35769.2, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FB3598754843086C" bold="true" box="[1267,1288,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FEC398514C520848" bold="true" box="[261,281,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FE6898504CAC0848" bold="true" box="[430,487,1892,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8AFFA0FE3E98514F7D0848" box="[504,566,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
35769.1, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FBC49850495C0849" bold="true" box="[1026,1047,1892,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FB13985149A10848" bold="true" box="[1237,1258,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF7B98BC4DBA0895" bold="true" box="[189,241,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8AFFA0FEC698BC4C680895" box="[256,291,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SC</collectionCode>
|
||
2012.47.33, basal Lisbon Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FD1998BC4FB80895" bold="true" box="[735,755,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FC6A98BC4EF50895" bold="true" box="[940,958,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FB9698B349C70895" bold="true" box="[1104,1164,1927,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8AFFA0FB5D98BC49920895" box="[1179,1241,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37320, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FEB7989F4CC308F2" bold="true" box="[369,392,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FD83989F4F1708F2" bold="true" box="[581,604,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FD34989F4E5708F2" bold="true" box="[754,796,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I–J</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF8AFFA0FCEA989F4E2108F2" box="[812,874,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37449, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FB01989F499908F2" bold="true" box="[1223,1234,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF8AFFA0FF7B98FA4D8708DF" bold="true" box="[189,204,1998,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view. Labial surface at top in oral views. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF95FFBFFF7B9D124EE10C9F" blockId="16.[189,1399,550,936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Our observations of dentitions of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF95FFBFFD539D124E7F0D77" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[661,820,550,576]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF95FFBFFD539D124E7F0D77" box="[661,820,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest that the presence or absence of cuspidate lateral teeth might be a taxonomically useful characteristic, but only when presented with a complete dentition. When isolated teeth are involved, this characteristic is not taxonomically useful because non-cuspidate teeth may simply be from a more laterally positioned file or from a younger individual. Although both cuspidate and non-cuspidate teeth are present in our sample, due to their extremely small size we cannot rule out the possibility that they all belong to the same taxon, and the variation present reflects monognathic and/or ontogenetic heterodonty. Furthermore, the crown ornamentation varies across our suite of teeth and several specimens are ablated, which does not allow us to determine with confidence which species they represent. The combined seven specimens in our sample demonstrates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF95FFBFFF369C5E4CC40CB3" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[240,399,874,900]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF95FFBFFF369C5E4CC40CB3" box="[240,399,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in all three Claiborne Group formations, but at this time we cannot determine if they are conspecific or represent two or more distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF95FFBFFF7B9CE44E5F0CDD" blockId="16.[189,788,976,1002]" box="[189,788,976,1002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF95FFBFFF7B9CE44E5F0CDD" bold="true" box="[189,788,976,1002]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF95FFBFFF7B9CE44E5F0CDD" bold="true" box="[189,788,976,1002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF95FFBFFD649CE44E5F0CDD" box="[674,788,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF95FFBFFF7B9CCB49460B55" blockId="16.[189,1399,1023,1122]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF95FFBFFEA19CCB4F4D0B2E" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[359,518,1023,1049]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Heterodontidae" genus="Heterodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heterodontiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF95FFBFFEA19CCB4F4D0B2E" box="[359,518,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Heterodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, the basal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF95FFBFFEC79B174C190B0A" box="[257,338,1059,1085]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACov-11, the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl-4, and the Gosport Sand at site ACh-21. Upper Ypresian to middle Bartonian, zones NP12 to NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |