249 lines
30 KiB
XML
249 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7656427" ID-ZooBank="8BAEEB6A-DD88-40AB-A038-003A7E0E4B74" checkinTime="1676883377183" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mondal, Tamal & Raghunathan, C." docDate="2023" docId="180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5244.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5244 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphenopus marsupialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="E432FFB0FFE56A73B24773647549FFFB" masterDocTitle="First report of free-living, solitary zoanthid from Andaman and Nicobar Islands" masterLastPageNumber="298" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1676883971919" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First report of free-living, solitary zoanthid from Andaman and Nicobar Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mondal, Tamal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair- 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700 053, West Bengal.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1417-5496</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1417 - 5496</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5244</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>293</mods:start>
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<mods:end>298</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.7</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5244.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7656427</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8BAEEB6A-DD88-40AB-A038-003A7E0E4B74</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7656447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,627,1050,1077]" box="[151,627,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,627,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6YYQ4" ID-ENA="541214" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,627,1050,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Sphenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,627,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,434,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Sphenopus marsupialis</emphasis>
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(Gmelin, 1791)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,415,1122,1148]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Specimens Examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-08-20" collectionCode="T" collectorName="North & Middle Andaman" county="Date of Collection." elevation="32" location="Four" municipality="Depth" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826:957D6005FFE46A72B3E077077495FB86" box="[423,476,1123,1149]" county="Date of Collection." municipality="Depth" name="Four" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Four</location>
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specimens;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826:957D6005FFE46A72B02077077616FB86" box="[615,863,1123,1149]" county="Date of Collection." municipality="Depth" name="Location. Point Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis box="[615,722,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Location.</emphasis>
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Point Island
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</location>
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(Lat.: 13°24.395ʹN; Long.: 92°49.159ʹE),
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<collectorName box="[1342,1407,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">North</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName box="[151,348,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Middle Andaman</collectorName>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826:957D6005FFE46A72B32477E37499FB5A" box="[355,464,1159,1185]" county="Date of Collection." municipality="Depth" name="Andaman" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Andaman</location>
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and
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:180B87C8FFE46A72B2D0777E7410F826:957D6005FFE46A72B04477E377EEFB5A" box="[515,679,1159,1185]" county="Date of Collection." municipality="Depth" name="Nicobar Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Nicobar Island</location>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[693,756,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[177,1411,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection locations of Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791) and distribution" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656429/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis box="[780,918,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<collectingMunicipality box="[780,848,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Depth</collectingMunicipality>
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range
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</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity box="[931,1053,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">
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<elevation box="[931,1053,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 38 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.;
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<collectingCounty box="[1067,1277,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis box="[1067,1270,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Date of Collection</emphasis>
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.
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</collectingCounty>
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<date box="[1282,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2016-08-20">
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<collectingDate box="[1282,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2016-08-20">20.VIII.2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<emphasis box="[151,199,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Coll</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode box="[220,238,1195,1221]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">T</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation box="[255,625,1194,1221]" collectionCode="ANRC" collectorName="Mondal & Regn. No." pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
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<collectorName box="[255,346,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Mondal</collectorName>
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;
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<collectorName box="[364,482,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis box="[364,475,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Regn. No</emphasis>
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.
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</collectorName>
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ZSI/
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<collectionCode box="[546,625,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">ANRC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/M/27759, ZSI/ANRC/M/27827, ZSI/ANRC/M/27902 & ZSI/ANRC/ M/27969.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,347,1266,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Description:</emphasis>
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Solitary and free-living polyp. Shape of animal is laterally compressed (
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<figureCitation box="[1168,1259,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). Body covered by coat of sand particles. Sizes of specimens: [Total length (mm): Maximum width (mm): Capitulum height (mm): Capitulum width (mm)] 28.25: 22.50: 8.71: 12.87 (
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<figureCitation box="[711,800,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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), 32.05: 21.25: 8.53: 16.37 (
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<figureCitation box="[1108,1194,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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), 36.57: 24.98: 10.50: 14.54 (
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<figureCitation box="[229,318,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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), 37.06: 22.56: 12.71: 14.64 (
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<figureCitation box="[649,740,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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). Size of outer tentacles and diameter of oral disc nearly equal in length when polyp fully extended; tentacles of inner region are nearly half in length in comparison with outer tentacles. A total of 54 tentacles are visible in two rows (
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<figureCitation box="[791,909,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
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). Aboral end of polyp mostly rounded, column oval and covered by fine sand particles. Capitular ridge portion not distinctly crowded (
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<figureCitation box="[1145,1272,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2G–H</figureCitation>
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). Longitudinal section of polyp (
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<figureCitation box="[347,424,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
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) shows mesoglea with well-developed sphincter muscle (reticulate marginal muscle sensu (
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<bibRefCitation author="Swain, T. D." box="[159,296,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="41 - 48" refId="ref3653" refString="Swain, T. D. (2009) Isozoanthus antumbrosus, a new species of zoanthid (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoanthidea) symbiotic with Hydrozoa from the Caribbean, with a key to hydroid and sponge-symbiotic zoanthid species. Zootaxa, 2051 (1), 41 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2051.1.3" type="journal article" year="2009">Swain 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)), whereas cross-section of the polyp (
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<figureCitation box="[725,803,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
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) shows dorsal directives, ectoderm, endoderm, complete and incomplete mesentery, siphonoglyph, mesoglea, sand pockets.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,292,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Colour:</emphasis>
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Center of oral disc deep brown (
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<figureCitation box="[662,780,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Extreme outer margin white and mid-portion of oral disc light brown. Outer side of polyp, i.e. the polyp column, light brown. Striped tentacles (with colour bands of light brown to dark brown to light brown to translucent) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[736,854,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791); A–D. Morphology of S. marsupialis, E. In-situ image, tentacles and polyp column, F. In-situ image, oral disc and tentacles, G & H. Aboral end of polyp, coating of fine sand particles, capitular ridge, I. Longitudinal section of polyp, mesoglea (M), sphincter muscles (SM), reticulate marginal muscle (RMM), J. Cross-section of polyp, dorsal directives (DD), ectoderm (EC), endoderm (EN), complete mesentery (CM), incomplete mesentery (IM), siphonoglyph (S), mesoglea (M), sand holes (SH). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656433/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall colour brown to dark or earthy grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" box="[199,1166,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1734,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Found on sandy bottom with nearly half of body (aboral end) buried in sand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<materialsCitation country="India" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,373,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[199,258,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tranquebar (presently known as
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[748,927,1771,1797]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Tharangambadi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[938,1074,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1086,1148,1771,1797]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
); described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Steenstrup, J. J. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="37 - 47" refId="ref3617" refString="Steenstrup, J. J. S. (1856) Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin). Oversigt over det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider, 1856, 37 - 47." type="journal article" year="1856">Steenstrup (1856)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the collections of Johns. Originally, described in genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[915,1181,1807,1833]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Sabella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,999,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Sabella</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1767
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,355,1842,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[367,429,1843,1869]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Madras (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menon, K. S." box="[550,703,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="489 - 516" refId="ref2796" refString="Menon, K. S. (1931) A preliminary account of the Madras plankton. Records of the Indian Museum, 33 (4), 489 - 516, pls. ix - xv. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 33 / i 4 / 1931 / 162487" type="journal article" year="1931">Menon 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gravely, F. H." box="[720,882,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref2315" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1941) Shells and other animal remains found on the Madras beach: I-Groups other than snails, etc. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, New series, Natural history section, 1, 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="1941">Gravely 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Ennore to Nagapattinam (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nagabhushanam, A. K. & Jothinayagam, J. T." pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="17 - 26" refId="ref2899" refString="Nagabhushanam, A. K. & Jothinayagam, J. T. (1982) Observations on the zoanthid, Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin) (Anthozoa: Zoanthidea: Sphenopidae), along the southeast coast of India, with notes on its behaviour in Aquaria. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 80, 17 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 80 / i 1 - 2 / 1982 / 161713" type="journal article" year="1982">Nagabhushanam & Jothinayagam 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[395,739,1879,1905]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Present study) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[936,1003,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[177,1411,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection locations of Sphenopus marsupialis (Gmelin, 1791) and distribution" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7656429/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other countries:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1220,1287,1879,1905]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Pulo Faya), and North America (Massachusetts Bay) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J. E." box="[624,749,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref2362" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on Zoanthinae, with the descriptions of the new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15 (1), 233 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1867. tb 00431. x" type="journal article" year="1867">Gray 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[768,871,1915,1941]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Great Barrier Reef) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burnett, W. J. & Benzie, J. A. H. & Beardmore, J. A. & Ryland, J. S." box="[1122,1340,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref2045" refString="Burnett, W. J., Benzie, J. A. H., Beardmore, J. A. & Ryland, J. S. (1997) Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species. Coral Reefs, 16 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003380050060" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Burnett
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1272,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1360,1436,1915,1941]" name="Brunei" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reimer, J. D. & Lin, M. & Fujii, T. & Lane, D. J. W. & Hoeksema, B. W." box="[159,377,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref3292" refString="Reimer, J. D., Lin, M., Fujii, T., Lane, D. J. W. & Hoeksema, B. W. (2012) The phylogenetic position of the solitary zoanthid genus Sphenopus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia). Contributions to Zoology, 81, 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - 08101003" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Reimer
|
||
<emphasis box="[251,309,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[397,479,1951,1977]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Soong, K. & Shiau, Y. - S. & Chen, C. - P." box="[495,702,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="333 - 343" refId="ref3566" refString="Soong, K., Shiau, Y. - S. & Chen, C. - P. (1999) Morphological and life history divergence of the zoanthid, Sphenopus marsupialis off the Taiwanese Coast. Zoological Studies, 38 (3), 333 - 343." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Soong
|
||
<emphasis box="[576,634,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[723,832,1951,1977]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reimer, J. D. & Poliseno, A. & Hoeksema, B. W." box="[847,1065,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref3364" refString="Reimer, J. D., Poliseno, A. & Hoeksema, B. W. (2014) Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific. ZooKeys, 444, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 444.7537" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Reimer
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,997,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1135,1199,1951,1977]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reimer, J. D. & Higashiji, T. & Nonaka, M." box="[1214,1432,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref3147" refString="Reimer, J. D., Higashiji, T. & Nonaka, M. (2016) First record of the genus Sphenopus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from Japan. Fauna Ryukyuana, 29, 37 - 40. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12000 / 38739]" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Reimer
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1364,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kise, H. & Higashiji, T. & Nonaka, M. & Uyeno, D. & Reimer, J. D." box="[151,333,1987,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" pagination="12" refId="ref2478" refString="Kise, H., Higashiji, T., Nonaka, M., Uyeno, D. & Reimer, J. D. (2020) First records of the genus Sphenopus from temperate waters and lower mesophotic depths. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01039 - x" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Kise
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,266,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |