1467 lines
209 KiB
XML
1467 lines
209 KiB
XML
<document id="BF59C902AE2BC6AB418C48C30705D6C0" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sead008" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259978" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1701773333503" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Salas, Jaime A, Loaiza S., Christian R & Cadenillas, Richard" docDate="2023" docId="176087FBFFA6FFA429E99C5AFC70FDBB" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.55.1033.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 55 (1033)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/doi/10.1093/mspecies/sead008/7289559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eptesicus innoxius" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="EB59FF83FFA6FFA229079A57FFFDFFBB" masterDocTitle="Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701803705403" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A87D2556F9E2D08686C864DD80581C41">Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2CAE07073DFDF5D82713356CCA47E494" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2E29E4AD4D7BF2950FBDD96D824B7803">Salas, Jaime A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10E669B7AF957970D4DA1119FE724700">Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Carrera de Biología, Campus Mapasingue, Av. Juan Tanca Marengo s / n Av. Raúl Gómez Lince, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador & Fundación Desarrollo y Biodiversidad, FUNDEBIO, Mapasingue Este Calle 18 NO, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador & Universidad Espíritu Santo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Km 2.5 Vía a Samborondón, Samborondón 091650, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DBBB52357B93ADCD25C4AFAAC031BCD" type="email">jaime.salasz@ug.edu.ec</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D22F10DCE79A56EFD3EC97BB2BE49A6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C0547D8199BD12818A1766BC0C4358E4">Loaiza S., Christian R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E0BE9C5E54805F03154E1B5809DD778">Fundación Desarrollo y Biodiversidad, FUNDEBIO, Mapasingue Este Calle 18 NO, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador & Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima 15072, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B150F10EDF8D07D3D1E630A5B7377C2" type="email">christian.loaiza@unmsm.edu.pe</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="FE4868424BF75957D3DE6A7BA28E1747" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="40703676AA29ECDFD896A4A9C9950F71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5B29136BC1697AE2B9E7EA71289E69B8">Cadenillas, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="13B9BE013D5E9990952680A1C99B0613">Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima 15072, Perú & Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s / n, Valdivia 5090000, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CF9CD810E78261AD5E6CDFB37B318411" type="email">cadenillasordinola@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2CE33E6C544B07BA3FA22E094758FC77">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="27F63631FA158E50AE2CD995E3F13F38">
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<mods:date id="58A44F43C440DB41BAB446233F9870E0">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="898B1FE386FB3E766BA1B744C20259E9">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3DA79A749AD1ACB0B1E00CD2EB9AB404">55</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8EE7864331A29398B11DD392745BF5D4">1033</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="53E6885F566699940393A7995FFE2076">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D0FB546C698F562B4334247F5C4CC516">https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/doi/10.1093/mspecies/sead008/7289559</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="958D2F8DC1AAEDCDD55A46148ECE02BF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="261D4291F1F7C419E285DAF7CA57D793" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sead008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="957573C80BD170D6D9D1E2F7507CE79B" type="ISSN">1545-1410</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="176087FBFFA6FFA429E99C5AFC70FDBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:176087FBFFA6FFA429E99C5AFC70FDBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/176087FBFFA6FFA429E99C5AFC70FDBB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA6FFA229E99C5AFD65F99C" box="[238,664,1549,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA229E99C5AFD65F99C" blockId="0.[238,664,1549,1616]" box="[238,664,1549,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA229E99C5AFD65F99C" ID-CoL="7TKLH" authority="(Gervais, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[238,664,1549,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA229E99C5AFD65F99C" bold="true" box="[238,664,1549,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA229E99C5AFE2EF99C" bold="true" box="[238,467,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA228E49C5AFD73F99C" author="Gervais H." box="[483,654,1549,1575]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref7579" refString="Gervais H. 1841. Mammiferes. In: Eydoux J. F. T., Souleyet L. F. A., editors. Voyage autor du Monde execute pendant les annees 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandee par M. Vaillant: zoologie. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, France; p. 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1841">Gervais, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA6FFA2286F9C6EFDBAF9EB" box="[360,583,1593,1616]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA2286F9C6EFDBAF9EB" blockId="0.[238,664,1549,1616]" box="[360,583,1593,1616]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Harmless Brown Bat</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA6FFA3296A9C39FD7CFB2B" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA2296A9C39FDCCF91E" blockId="0.[109,792,1646,1829]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA2296A9C39FD9AF93E" authority="P. Gervais, 1841: 35" authorityName="P. Gervais" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1841" box="[109,615,1646,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA2296A9C39FEB3F93E" box="[109,334,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vespertilio innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
P.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA2288D9C39FD9AF93E" author="Gervais H." box="[394,615,1646,1669]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref7579" refString="Gervais H. 1841. Mammiferes. In: Eydoux J. F. T., Souleyet L. F. A., editors. Voyage autor du Monde execute pendant les annees 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandee par M. Vaillant: zoologie. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, France; p. 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1841">Gervais, 1841: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA6FFA22B789C39FD49F93E" box="[639,692,1646,1669]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="ED36C1FFFFA6FFA2299A9CD9FEEBF91E" box="[157,278,1678,1701]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">“Omatope”</quote>
|
||
(= Amotape),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA6FFA228B49CD9FE13F91E" box="[435,494,1678,1701]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA6FFA228FF9CD9FDD1F91E" box="[504,556,1678,1701]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA2296A9CF9FED7F95E" blockId="0.[109,792,1646,1829]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA2296A9CF9FE3DF97E" authorityName="P. Gervais" authorityYear="1841" box="[109,448,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius" subGenus="Vesperus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA2296A9CF9FF22F97E" box="[109,223,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vespertilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA229F49CF9FEAFF97E" box="[243,338,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vesperus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA228619CF9FE3DF97E" box="[358,448,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA228E99CF9FD37F97E" author="Tschudi J. J." box="[494,714,1710,1733]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="244 - 255" refId="ref9967" refString="Tschudi J. J. 1844 a. Mammalium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itinerere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 10: 244 - 255." type="journal article" year="1844">Tschudi, 1844a:247</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA2296A9CB9FE05F89E" blockId="0.[109,792,1646,1829]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA2296A9CB9FDA9F8BE" authority="Cabrera, 1901: 368" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1901" box="[109,596,1774,1797]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA2296A9CB9FEA8F8BE" box="[109,341,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vespertilio espadae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA228749CB9FDA9F8BE" author="Cabrera A." box="[371,596,1774,1797]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="367 - 373" refId="ref6675" refString="Cabrera A. 1901. Descripcion de tres nuevos mamiferos americanos. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 1: 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1901">Cabrera, 1901:368</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA6FFA22B729CB9FD57F8BE" box="[629,682,1774,1797]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="ED36C1FFFFA6FFA2299A9D59FEDBF89E" box="[157,294,1806,1829]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">“Babahoyo,”</quote>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA6FFA2282B9D59FE73F89E" box="[300,398,1806,1829]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA6FFA2289E9D59FE09F89E" box="[409,500,1806,1829]" name="Ecuador" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA22A4F9C5BFA55F998" blockId="0.[840,1523,1548,1816]" box="[840,1448,1548,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22A4F9C5BFBF1F998" box="[840,1036,1548,1571]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA22A4F9C5BFBF1F998" box="[840,1036,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eptesicus espadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: E.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA22D3F9C5BFB37F998" author="Festa E." box="[1080,1226,1548,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref7536" refString="Festa E. 1906. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine. Mammiferi II: Chirotteri. Bolletino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 21: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1906">Festa, 1906:6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA22A4F9C7BFB59F9D8" blockId="0.[840,1523,1548,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22A4F9C7BFAFEF9F8" authority="O. Thomas, 1920: 364" authorityName="O. Thomas" authorityPageNumber="364" authorityYear="1920" box="[840,1283,1580,1603]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA22A4F9C7BFBF7F9F8" box="[840,1034,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eptesicus punicus</emphasis>
|
||
O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA22D319C7BFAFEF9F8" author="Thomas O." box="[1078,1283,1580,1603]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="360 - 367" refId="ref9567" refString="Thomas O. 1920. On Neotropical bats of the genus Eptesicus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 360 - 367." type="journal article" year="1920">Thomas, 1920:364</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA6FFA22C089C7BFAB9F9F8" box="[1295,1348,1580,1603]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="ED36C1FFFFA6FFA22CA19C7BFA0EF9F8" box="[1446,1523,1580,1603]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">“Puna”</quote>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA6FFA22A7F9C1BFC62F9D8" box="[888,927,1612,1635]" name="Iceland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Puná,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA6FFA22AEF9C1BFBC6F9D8" box="[1000,1083,1612,1635]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guayas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA6FFA22D429C1BFB5DF9D8" box="[1093,1184,1612,1635]" name="Ecuador" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA22A4F9C3BFBF8F918" blockId="0.[840,1523,1548,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22A4F9C3BFBF3F938" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[840,1038,1644,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA6FFA22A4F9C3BFBF3F938" box="[840,1038,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA6FFA22D1C9C3BFB1EF938" author="Cabrera A." box="[1051,1251,1644,1667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="ref6701" refString="Cabrera A. 1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ". Imprenta y Casa Editora Coni, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1957">Cabrera, 1957:107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA6FFA32A4F9CB6FD7CFB2B" blockId="0.[840,1523,1548,1816]" lastBlockId="1.[109,792,1081,1168]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22C259CB6FA6AF943" authorityName="Blumenbach" authorityYear="1779" box="[1314,1431,1761,1784]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Chiroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22A929D56FBB5F8A3" box="[917,1096,1793,1816]" order="Yangochiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Yangochiroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA6FFA22DBA9D56FA90F8A3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1213,1389,1793,1816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vespertilionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subfamily Vespertilioninae, tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA328699E6EFE26FBEB" authorityName="Volleth & Heller" authorityYear="1994" box="[366,475,1081,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Eptesicini">Eptesicini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32B3D9E6EFD5DFBEB" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[570,672,1081,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32B3D9E6EFD5DFBEB" box="[570,672,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA3296A9E0EFF2EFBCB" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[109,211,1113,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3296A9E0EFF2EFBCB" box="[109,211,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonymy follows
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA328D19E0EFCEFFBCB" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[470,786,1113,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA3296A9E2EFEC9FB2B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[109,308,1145,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3296A9E2EFEC9FB2B" box="[109,308,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monotypic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA328D29E2EFD8FFB2B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[469,626,1145,1168]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CBB66665FFA7FFA3296A99EBFDAAFC55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259980/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[109,144,956,977]" targetBox="[115,787,200,926]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA3296A99EBFDAAFC55" blockId="1.[109,792,956,1006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3296A99EBFF53FC6A" bold="true" box="[109,174,956,977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
—An adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA3286E99EBFDE0FC6A" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[361,541,956,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3286E99EBFDE0FC6A" box="[361,541,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cerro Cacharí, near Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador. Photograph by JAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA7FFA3296A9E98FEB1F95D" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA3296A9E98FEB1F95D" blockId="1.[109,792,1231,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA3296A9EB8FEBCFABD" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[109,321,1263,1286]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3296A9EB8FEBCFABD" box="[109,321,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on the specimen (MNHN [Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle] 6987) collected in Amotape,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA7FFA329DA9F78FEE5FAFD" box="[221,280,1327,1350]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
, by Louis F. Souleyet and F. Eydoux in
|
||
<date id="EB77102DFFA7FFA32BC29F78FF58FADD" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1838-01">January 1838</date>
|
||
, and posteriorly described and designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA7FFA32BBC9F18FCE5FADD" box="[699,792,1359,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA329A89F38FEB3FA3D" author="Gervais H." box="[175,334,1391,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref7579" refString="Gervais H. 1841. Mammiferes. In: Eydoux J. F. T., Souleyet L. F. A., editors. Voyage autor du Monde execute pendant les annees 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandee par M. Vaillant: zoologie. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, France; p. 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1841">Gervais (1841)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The generic name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32B219F38FD71FA3D" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[550,652,1391,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32B219F38FD71FA3D" box="[550,652,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comes from two Greek words:
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328379FD8FE97FA1D" box="[304,362,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">epten</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning fly, and
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32B2B9FD8FD99FA1D" box="[556,612,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">oikos</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning house; in reference to the custom of flying near houses; the species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA329B09F98FEECFA5D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[183,273,1487,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA329B09F98FEECFA5D" box="[183,273,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quote id="ED36C1FFFFA7FFA328269F98FEB3FA5D" box="[289,334,1487,1510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">“in”</quote>
|
||
is a Latin prefix that means not, without; and
|
||
<quote id="ED36C1FFFFA7FFA3299C9FB8FF07F9BD" box="[155,250,1519,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">“noxius”</quote>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328279FB8FE80F9BD" box="[288,381,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">noxiosus</emphasis>
|
||
, which means not offensive, harmless (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA329719C58FF10F99D" author="Tirira D. G." box="[118,237,1551,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9592" refString="Tirira D. G. 2004. Nombres de los mamiferos del Ecuador. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 5. Ediciones Murcielago Blanco y Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2004">Tirira 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). English names for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA328CC9C58FDBFF99D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[459,578,1551,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328CC9C58FE26F99D" box="[459,475,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328EF9C58FDBFF99D" box="[488,578,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are harmless brown bat, harmless serotine, Pacific brown bat, Pacific serotine, southwestern brown bat; vernacular Spanish names are murciélago café inofensivo, murciélago vespertino inofensivo, murciélago inofensivo del suroccidente, murciélago marrón del Pacífico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA329719CF8FF0FF97D" author="Tirira D. G." box="[118,242,1711,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9592" refString="Tirira D. G. 2004. Nombres de los mamiferos del Ecuador. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 5. Ediciones Murcielago Blanco y Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2004">Tirira 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA328039CF8FEC4F97D" author="Tirira D. G." box="[260,313,1711,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA3284B9CF8FDA0F97D" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[332,605,1711,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32B779CF8FCECF97D" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[624,785,1711,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA3296A9C98FEC1F95D" author="Pacheco V. & Diaz S. & Graham-Angeles L. & Flores-Quispe M. & Mamani G. & Ruelas D. & Sanchez-Vendizu P." box="[109,316,1743,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref8624" refString="Pacheco V., Diaz S., Graham-Angeles L., Flores-Quispe M., Calizaya- Mamani G., Ruelas D., Sanchez-Vendizu P. 2021. Lista actualizada de la diversidad de los mamiferos del Peru y una propuesta para su actualizacion. Revista Peruana de Biologia 28: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2021">Pacheco et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA7FFA028769D72FD36FE3B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA328769D72FDE9F884" blockId="1.[369,532,1829,1855]" box="[369,532,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328769D72FDE9F884" bold="true" box="[369,532,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA3299F9D3FFC66FDBB" blockId="1.[109,792,1896,1951]" lastBlockId="1.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA3299F9D3FFE98F8C4" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[152,357,1896,1919]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA3299F9D3FFE98F8C4" box="[152,357,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F22A68FFA7FFA328739D3FFE4EF8C4" box="[372,435,1896,1919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[109,144,956,977]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,926]" captionTargetId="figure-800@1.[115,787,200,926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1.—An adult female Eptesicus innoxius from Cerro Cacharí, near Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador. Photograph by JAS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259980/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a small bat that can be distinguished from similar species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA328CE9DDFFDCFF824" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[457,562,1928,1951]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA328CE9DDFFDCFF824" box="[457,562,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South America by the combination of the following characters: forearm length =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32A659ABEFC23FEBB" box="[866,990,233,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="32.0">32–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C109ABEFA40FEBB" box="[1303,1469,233,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.485" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="14.85" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="13.9">13.9–15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and length of maxillary toothrow = 5.2–6.0 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C569B5EFA16FE9B" author="Thomas O." box="[1361,1515,265,288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="360 - 367" refId="ref9567" refString="Thomas O. 1920. On Neotropical bats of the genus Eptesicus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 360 - 367." type="journal article" year="1920">Thomas 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A4F9B7EFC34FEFB" author="Davis W. B." box="[840,969,297,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32ADD9B7EFB98FEFB" author="Albuja L." box="[986,1125,297,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D709B7EFA72FEFB" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[1143,1423,297,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32CA69B7EFC59FEDB" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Aguirre L. F. & Aguiar L. M. S. & Barquez R. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref7383" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Aguirre L. F., Aguiar L. M. S., Barquez R. M. 2016. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos de Sudamerica. Publicacion Especial No. 2. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2016">Díaz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32AFB9B1EFB86FEDB" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1020,1147,329,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal hairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C4E9B1EFA3AFEDB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1353,1479,329,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C4E9B1EFAA4FEDB" box="[1353,1369,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C6D9B1EFA3AFEDB" box="[1386,1479,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are woolly, short, with a length of
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D9E9B3EFB2AFE3B" box="[1177,1239,361,384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
or less (
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C339B3EFA6EFE3B" box="[1332,1427,361,384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and bicolored, with blackish bases and dark brown to grayish-brown tips; ventral hairs have light brown bases and buffy to whitish tips (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A819B9EFBF7FE5B" author="Davis W. B." box="[902,1034,457,480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D199B9EFB51FE5B" author="Albuja L." box="[1054,1196,457,480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32DC69B9EFA7AFE5B" author="Brito J. & Garzon C. & Mena P. & Gonzalez D. & Mena J." box="[1217,1415,457,480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref6563" refString="Brito J., Garzon C., Mena P., Gonzalez D., Mena J. 2018. Mamiferos de la provincia de El Oro: una guia de identificacion de especies de mamiferos del Paramo al Mar. Publicacion Miscelanea No. 8: Serie de Publicaciones GADP El Oro - INABIO, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2018">Brito et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C9B9B9EFC76FDBB" author="Claudio V. C. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA32A74985EFC0BFBDB" blockId="1.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Other South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32D64985EFB34FD9B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[1123,1225,521,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32D64985EFB34FD9B" box="[1123,1225,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similar in size to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C7A985EFA0FFD9B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1405,1522,521,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C7A985EFA70FD9B" box="[1405,1421,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C9F985EFA0FFD9B" box="[1432,1522,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32A76987EFBF6FDFB" box="[881,1035,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32A76987EFBF6FDFB" box="[881,1035,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Orinoco serotine) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C16987EFA67FDFB" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1915" box="[1297,1434,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C16987EFA67FDFB" box="[1297,1434,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(diminutive serotine), but these species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C2A981EFA5AFDDB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1325,1447,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C2A981EFA5AFDDB" box="[1325,1447,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combinations of external morphologic characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32A4F98DEFBC5FD1B" box="[840,1080,649,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32A4F98DEFBC5FD1B" box="[840,1080,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a forearm length ≤
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C9E98DEFA13FD1B" box="[1433,1518,649,672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull ≤
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D6298FEFB34FD7B" box="[1125,1225,681,704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="15.3">15.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maxillary toothrow length between 5.1 and
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D0B989EFB9BFD5B" box="[1036,1126,713,736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dorsal pelage is light brown, with lighter tips and ≤
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D0698BEFBC3FCBB" box="[1025,1086,745,768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32DBF98BEFA1EFCBB" author="Ramirez-Chaves H. E. & Morales-Martinez D. M. & Perez W. A. & Guarin D. & Mejia Fontecha I. Y. & Ortiz-Giraldo M. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A." box="[1208,1507,745,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="489 - 520" refId="ref8897" refString="Ramirez-Chaves H. E., Morales-Martinez D. M., Perez W. A., Velasquez- Guarin D., Mejia Fontecha I. Y., Ortiz-Giraldo M., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A. 2021. A new species of small Eptesicus Ranfinesque (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from northern South America. Zootaxa 5020: 489 - 520." type="journal article" year="2021">Ramírez-Chaves et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32A4F995EFBDEFC9B" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1915" box="[840,1059,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32A4F995EFBDEFC9B" box="[840,1059,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a forearm length =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C73995EFA12FC9B" box="[1396,1519,777,800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="30.0">30–37 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull ≤ 15.2, maxillary toothrow length ≤ 5.4; dorsal hairs are short (≤
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D41991EFB64FCDB" box="[1094,1177,841,864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and bicolored with dark brown bases, and brown to yellowish brown tips (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C23993EFC80FC1B" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A8B99DEFBD6FC1B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[908,1067,905,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844" refId="ref7239" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 d. Eptesicus diminutus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D3E99DEFB06FC1B" author="Acosta L. H. & Poma-Urey J. L. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A. & Ramirez-Chaves H. E." box="[1081,1275,905,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="391 - 409" refId="ref6239" refString="Acosta L. H., Poma-Urey J. L., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A., Ramirez-Chaves H. E. 2021. A new species of Esptesicus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the sub-Andean Forest of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Therya 12: 391 - 409." type="journal article" year="2021">Acosta et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species are allopatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32ADB99FEFBAAFC7B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[988,1111,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32ADB99FEFBAAFC7B" box="[988,1111,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and would not be found in the same area as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32AA6999EFBE0FC5B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[929,1053,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32AA6999EFC4CFC5B" box="[929,945,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32AC4999EFBE0FC5B" box="[963,1053,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32D28999EFAE1FC5B" box="[1071,1308,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32D28999EFAE1FC5B" box="[1071,1308,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the Orinoco basin in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32D0099BEFB8DFBBB" box="[1031,1136,1001,1024]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32DA099BEFAE8FBBB" box="[1191,1301,1001,1024]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C2199BEFC5FFB9B" author="Ramirez-Chaves H. E. & Morales-Martinez D. M. & Perez W. A. & Guarin D. & Mejia Fontecha I. Y. & Ortiz-Giraldo M. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="489 - 520" refId="ref8897" refString="Ramirez-Chaves H. E., Morales-Martinez D. M., Perez W. A., Velasquez- Guarin D., Mejia Fontecha I. Y., Ortiz-Giraldo M., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A. 2021. A new species of small Eptesicus Ranfinesque (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from northern South America. Zootaxa 5020: 489 - 520." type="journal article" year="2021">Ramírez-Chaves et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32AEA9E5EFB85FB9B" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1915" box="[1005,1144,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32AEA9E5EFB85FB9B" box="[1005,1144,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs to the southeast in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32CAC9E5EFA12FB9B" box="[1451,1519,1033,1056]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32A4F9E7EFC51FBFB" box="[840,940,1065,1088]" name="Paraguay" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32ABC9E7EFBE4FBFB" box="[955,1049,1065,1088]" name="Uruguay" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA7FFA32D5E9E7EFB3EFBFB" box="[1113,1219,1065,1088]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32DDF9E7EFA16FBFB" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[1240,1515,1065,1088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A4F9E1EFC1BFBDB" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[840,998,1097,1120]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844" refId="ref7239" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 d. Eptesicus diminutus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA32A749E3EFB78F9BB" blockId="1.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Three congeners,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32D429E3EFB3CFB3B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1093,1217,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32D429E3EFB3CFB3B" box="[1093,1217,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(little black serotine),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32CDB9E3EFC3CFB1B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32CDB9E3EFC3CFB1B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. chiriquinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chiriquinan serotine), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32DF19EDEFA11FB1B" baseAuthorityName="H. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1270,1516,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="miradorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32DF19EDEFA11FB1B" box="[1270,1516,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. fuscus miradorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occur in proximity to the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C7D9EFEFA0FFB7B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1402,1522,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C7D9EFEFA0FFB7B" box="[1402,1522,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can be distinguished using a combination of size and color and length of dorsal hair (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D589EBEFA98FABB" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[1119,1381,1257,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C749EBEFA16FABB" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1395,1515,1257,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A4F9F5EFC17FA9B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[840,1002,1289,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844" refId="ref7072" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 a. Eptesicus andinus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32AF99F5EFBBCFA9B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1022,1089,1289,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844 - 845" refId="ref7127" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 b. Eptesicus chiriquinus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844 - 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D539F5EFB68FA9B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1108,1173,1289,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32DAE9F5EFA1EFA9B" author="Ramirez-Chaves H. E. & Alarcon-Cifuentes M. & Noguera-Urbano E. A. & Perez W. A. & Torres-Martinez M. M. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A. & Morales-Martinez D. M." box="[1193,1507,1289,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="299 - 311" refId="ref8823" refString="Ramirez-Chaves H. E., Alarcon-Cifuentes M., Noguera-Urbano E. A., Perez W. A., Torres-Martinez M. M., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A., Morales-Martinez D. M. 2023. Systematics, morphometrics, and distribution of Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis, with notes on baculum morphology and natural history. Therya 14: 299 - 311." type="journal article" year="2023">Ramírez-Chaves et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32A4F9F7EFBF7FAFB" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[840,1034,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32A4F9F7EFBF7FAFB" box="[840,1034,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C329F7EFA53FAFB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1333,1454,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C329F7EFA53FAFB" box="[1333,1454,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size: forearm length =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32D939F1EFADFFADB" box="[1172,1314,1353,1376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" metricValueMax="4.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="40.7" valueMax="44.4" valueMin="37.0">37–44.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32A999F3EFBD6FA3B" box="[926,1067,1385,1408]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6949999999999998" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="16.95" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.9">15.9–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length of maxillary toothrow =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C909F3EFA12FA3B" box="[1431,1519,1385,1408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32AE09FDEFBA6FA1B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[999,1115,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32AE09FDEFC0AFA1B" box="[999,1015,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32D009FDEFBA6FA1B" box="[1031,1115,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is long and fluffy (
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C369FDEFA60FA1B" box="[1329,1437,1417,1440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
), dorsal hairs are slightly bicolored, with dark brown bases and slightly lighter tips; ventral hairs have dark brown bases and tan tips (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A569FBEFC37F9BB" author="Davis W. B." box="[849,970,1513,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32ADE9FBEFB88F9BB" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[985,1141,1513,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844" refId="ref7072" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 a. Eptesicus andinus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA7FFA32A749C5EFBD1F81B" blockId="1.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32A749C5EFBA4F99B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[883,1113,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32A749C5EFBA4F99B" box="[883,1113,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eptesicus chiriquinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C7C9C5EFA0FF99B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1403,1522,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C7C9C5EFA76F99B" box="[1403,1419,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C9F9C5EFA0FF99B" box="[1432,1522,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size: forearm length =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32DB49C7EFAB2F9FB" box="[1203,1359,1577,1600]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" metricValueMax="4.89" metricValueMin="4.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="45.7" valueMax="48.9" valueMin="42.5">42.5–48.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull ≥ 15.8, length of maxillary toothrow ≥
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C579C1EFA5EF9DB" box="[1360,1443,1609,1632]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32CB29C1EFBF5F93B" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32D109C3EFB48F93B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1047,1205,1641,1664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844 - 845" refId="ref7127" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 b. Eptesicus chiriquinus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844 - 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C5B9C3EFA0EF93B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1372,1523,1641,1664]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C5B9C3EFA0EF93B" box="[1372,1523,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. chiriquinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a sagittal crest and lambdoidal crest that are well developed and overhang the supraoccipital, forming a triangular helmet; these crests are short or absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32C239C9EFA5DF95B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1316,1440,1737,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32C239C9EFA5DF95B" box="[1316,1440,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32CDB9C9EFC61F8BB" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32CDB9C9EFC61F8BB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E. andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulting in a lack of the triangular helmet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32C899CBEFC22F89B" author="Simmons N. B. & Voss R. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref9521" refString="Simmons N. B., Voss R. S. 1998. The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1: bats. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237: 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1998">Simmons and Voss 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32AEB9D5EFB11F89B" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[1004,1260,1801,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32DF09D5EFA4EF89B" author="Acosta L. H. & Poma-Urey J. L. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A. & Ramirez-Chaves H. E." box="[1271,1459,1801,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="391 - 409" refId="ref6239" refString="Acosta L. H., Poma-Urey J. L., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A., Ramirez-Chaves H. E. 2021. A new species of Esptesicus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the sub-Andean Forest of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Therya 12: 391 - 409." type="journal article" year="2021">Acosta et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32CC79D5EFC44F8FB" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Gregorin R. & Aguirre L. F. & Barquez R. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref7442" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Gregorin R., Aguirre L. F., Barquez R. M. 2021. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos neotropicales. Publicacion Especial No. 4. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2021">Díaz et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA7FFA32D8B9D7EFAD9F8FB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[1164,1316,1833,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32D8B9D7EFB61F8FB" box="[1164,1180,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA7FFA32DAC9D7EFAD9F8FB" box="[1195,1316,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">chiriquinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is long (
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA7FFA32C849D7EFA16F8FB" box="[1411,1515,1833,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and soft; dorsal hairs are unicolored and vary from blackish to dark brown; ventral hairs have dark brown bases and lighter tan tips (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA7FFA32A799DDEFBE1F81B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[894,1052,1929,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="844 - 845" refId="ref7127" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 b. Eptesicus chiriquinus. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 844 - 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA0299F9A9EFD36FE3B" blockId="2.[109,793,201,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA0299F9A9EFE26FF5B" baseAuthorityName="H. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[152,475,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="miradorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA0299F9A9EFE26FF5B" box="[152,475,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA02A069A9EFF3AFEBB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA02A069A9EFF3AFEBB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its large size: forearm =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA4FFA028F89ABEFD44FEBB" box="[511,697,233,256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9835" metricValueMax="5.113" metricValueMin="4.854" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="49.835" valueMax="51.13" valueMin="48.54">48.54–51.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest length of skull =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA4FFA028229B5EFE3EFE9B" box="[293,451,265,288]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.985" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="19.85" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="18.5">18.5–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length of maxillary toothrow =
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA4FFA0296A9B7EFEF7FEFB" box="[109,266,297,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.484999999999999" metricValueMax="7.91" metricValueMin="7.06" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="7.484999999999999" valueMax="7.91" valueMin="7.06">7.06–7.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
; additionally, dorsal fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA02B239B7EFD31FEFB" box="[548,716,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miradorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA02B239B7EFD31FEFB" box="[548,716,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. miradorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is long (9.0–11.0 mm), lustrous, smooth, and shiny brown to golden yellow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA029C29B3EFE78FE3B" author="Acosta L. H. & Poma-Urey J. L. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A. & Ramirez-Chaves H. E." box="[197,389,361,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="391 - 409" refId="ref6239" refString="Acosta L. H., Poma-Urey J. L., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A., Ramirez-Chaves H. E. 2021. A new species of Esptesicus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the sub-Andean Forest of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Therya 12: 391 - 409." type="journal article" year="2021">Acosta et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA028949B3EFD47FE3B" author="Ramirez-Chaves H. E. & Alarcon-Cifuentes M. & Noguera-Urbano E. A. & Perez W. A. & Torres-Martinez M. M. & Ossa-Lopez P. A. & Rivera-Paez F. A. & Morales-Martinez D. M." box="[403,698,361,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="299 - 311" refId="ref8823" refString="Ramirez-Chaves H. E., Alarcon-Cifuentes M., Noguera-Urbano E. A., Perez W. A., Torres-Martinez M. M., Ossa-Lopez P. A., Rivera-Paez F. A., Morales-Martinez D. M. 2023. Systematics, morphometrics, and distribution of Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis, with notes on baculum morphology and natural history. Therya 14: 299 - 311." type="journal article" year="2023">Ramírez-Chaves et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA4FFA128169B93FE14F93B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA028169B93FD88FE65" blockId="2.[273,629,452,478]" box="[273,629,452,478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA028169B93FD88FE65" bold="true" box="[273,629,452,478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA0299F9850FDA0FCA5" blockId="2.[109,793,519,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Ears are medium-sized, triangular, naked, wide, and rounded on the tip; the tragus is relatively broad, short, and slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F22A68FFA4FFA029719810FF49FDE5" box="[118,180,583,606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[109,144,956,977]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,926]" captionTargetId="figure-800@1.[115,787,200,926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1.—An adult female Eptesicus innoxius from Cerro Cacharí, near Babahoyo, Los Ríos, Ecuador. Photograph by JAS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA029C59810FEA2FDE5" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[194,351,583,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The wing membranes are brownish and naked, the plagiopatagium reaches the base of the toes, the underside of the uropatagium may be sparsely haired, the caudal membrane is developed, accompanied by a tail that protrudes slightly; the last caudal vertebra and one-fourth of the penultimate extend beyond the interfemoral membrane (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA02B8798B0FCEDFD45" author="Cabrera A." box="[640,784,743,766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="367 - 373" refId="ref6675" refString="Cabrera A. 1901. Descripcion de tres nuevos mamiferos americanos. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 1: 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1901">Cabrera 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA0296A9950FF1AFCA5" author="Davis W. B." box="[109,231,775,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA029F29950FE5FFCA5" author="Brito J. & Garzon C. & Mena P. & Gonzalez D. & Mena J." box="[245,418,775,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref6563" refString="Brito J., Garzon C., Mena P., Gonzalez D., Mena J. 2018. Mamiferos de la provincia de El Oro: una guia de identificacion de especies de mamiferos del Paramo al Mar. Publicacion Miscelanea No. 8: Serie de Publicaciones GADP El Oro - INABIO, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2018">Brito et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA028B69950FDB0FCA5" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[433,589,775,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA0299F9970FE51FC45" blockId="2.[109,793,519,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The rostrum is wide and obtuse, and the nasal septum has a slightly vertical depression in the middle. The supraorbital process of the skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F22A68FFA4FFA028669930FE59FCC5" box="[353,420,871,894]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[840,875,1680,1701]" captionTargetBox="[845,1517,200,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-559@2.[845,1517,200,1650]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Eptesicus innoxius (MZUGM [Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Guayaquil] 0699) from Cerro El Muerto, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador. Greatest length of skull is 14.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259984/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) is poorly developed; zygomatic arches are narrow and weak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA028A899D0FD47FC25" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[431,698,903,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA02BCD99D0FF3FFC05" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Aguirre L. F. & Aguiar L. M. S. & Barquez R. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref7383" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Aguirre L. F., Aguiar L. M. S., Barquez R. M. 2016. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos de Sudamerica. Publicacion Especial No. 2. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2016">Díaz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA029D799F0FE63FC05" author="Sanchez R. T. & Montani M. E. & Tomasco I. H. & Diaz M. M. & Barquez R. M." box="[208,414,935,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="118 - 129" refId="ref9382" refString="Sanchez R. T., Montani M. E., Tomasco I. H., Diaz M. M., Barquez R. M. 2019. A new species of Eptesicus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Argentina. Journal of Mammalogy 100: 118 - 129." type="journal article" year="2019">Sánchez et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The nasal opening has a U-shape, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA029E99990FE1DFC65" baseAuthorityName="Yi and Latch" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[238,480,967,990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA029E99990FE1DFC65" box="[238,480,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eptesicus brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Brazilian serotine—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA02BDD9990FF5FFC45" author="Davis W. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA029B699B0FEA4FC45" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Aguirre L. F. & Aguiar L. M. S. & Barquez R. M." box="[177,345,999,1022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref7383" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Aguirre L. F., Aguiar L. M. S., Barquez R. M. 2016. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos de Sudamerica. Publicacion Especial No. 2. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2016">Díaz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA0299F9E50FD15FAC5" blockId="2.[109,793,519,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Ranges of external measurements (mm, and mass in g; parenthetical
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA029DA9E70FF17FB85" box="[221,234,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
||
) of males and females, respectively, collected from different localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA4FFA028489E10FE55FBE5" box="[335,424,1095,1118]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA4FFA028DD9E10FDF6FBE5" box="[474,523,1095,1118]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
were: total length, 74–94 (10), 67–94 (16); head–body length, 44–56 (10), 40–61 (16); tail length, 27–41 (11), 24–39 (16); ear length, 7–19 (11), 9–18.5 (16); forearm length, 33–39 (11), 32–39 (16); length of hind foot, 4–10 (11), 5–10 (16); tragus length, 5–9 (5), 6–9 (11); and body mass, 5.5–12 (4), 5–9 (13). The range of forearm length for
|
||
<specimenCount id="89CFFD64FFA4FFA029939F50FF15FAA5" box="[148,232,1287,1310]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="89CFFD64FFA4FFA028189F50FE69FAA5" box="[287,404,1287,1310]" count="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(sexes combined) from San Jacinto de Yaguachi (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA4FFA028029F70FE3FFA85" box="[261,450,1319,1342]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guayas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA4FFA028D69F70FDD1FA85" box="[465,556,1319,1342]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) was
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA4FFA02B759F70FCE8FA85" box="[626,789,1319,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8349999999999995" metricValueMax="4.04" metricValueMin="3.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="38.349999999999994" valueMax="40.4" valueMin="36.3">36.3–40.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. All these measurements were taken by Carlos Ibañez from specimens housed at Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA0299F9FD0FF22F945" blockId="2.[109,793,519,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Measurements (mm) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA4FFA028F69FD0FDB3FA25" box="[497,590,1415,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(adult male) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA0296A9FF0FEC0FA05" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1901" box="[109,317,1447,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA0296A9FF0FEC0FA05" box="[109,317,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Vespertilio espadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Babahoyo (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA4FFA02B399FF0FD67FA05" box="[574,666,1447,1470]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA02B2A9F90FD2EFA65" author="Cabrera A." box="[557,723,1479,1502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="367 - 373" refId="ref6675" refString="Cabrera A. 1901. Descripcion de tres nuevos mamiferos americanos. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 1: 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1901">Cabrera (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were: head–body length, 50; tail length, 37; ear length, 11; tragus length, 0.5; forearm length, 38; thumb length, 0.6; length of second digit, 36; length of third digit: metacarpal length, 34; length of first phalanx, 13; length of second phalanx, 12; length of fourth digit: metacarpal length, 32; length of first phalanx, 11; length of second phalanx, 0.8; length of fifth digit: metacarpal length, 31; length of first phalanx, 0.9; length of second phalanx, 0.5; tibia length, 14; length of hind foot with nail, 0.8; and calcar length, 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CBB66665FFA4FFA02A4F9CC7FC47F8A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259984/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[840,875,1680,1701]" targetBox="[845,1517,200,1650]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA02A4F9CC7FC47F8A1" blockId="2.[840,1523,1680,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA02A4F9CC7FC75F91E" bold="true" box="[840,904,1680,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA02D7D9CFAFACCF979" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1146,1329,1709,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA02D7D9CFAFACCF979" box="[1146,1329,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MZUGM [Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Guayaquil] 0699) from Cerro El Muerto, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador. Greatest length of skull is 14.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA4FFA1299F9D50FD5BFE3B" blockId="2.[109,793,519,1950]" lastBlockId="3.[109,792,201,1664]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Measurements (mm) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4072884FFFA4FFA028DB9D50FDC5F8A5" box="[476,568,1799,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(adult male) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA4FFA02A069D50FF42F885" authorityName="O. Thomas" authorityYear="1920" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA02A069D50FCECF8A5" box="[769,785,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA4FFA0296A9D70FF42F885" box="[109,191,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">punicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Puná Island (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA4FFA028D29D70FDD5F885" box="[469,552,1831,1854]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Guayas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA4FFA02B349D70FD70F885" box="[563,653,1831,1854]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by Perry O. Simmons and described by O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA4FFA028B09D10FDA7F8E5" author="Thomas O." box="[439,602,1863,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="360 - 367" refId="ref9567" refString="Thomas O. 1920. On Neotropical bats of the genus Eptesicus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 360 - 367." type="journal article" year="1920">Thomas (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were: head–body length, 42; tail length, 35; ear length, 13; forearm length, 34.9; length of metacarpal III, 33.7; length of first phalanx, 11.8; length of phalanx 2, 11.4; length of metacarpal IV, 32.5; length of first phalanx, 10.2; length of metacarpalV, 31.0; length of first phalanx, 7.6; tibia length, 14.2; length of hind foot, 0.7; greatest length of skull, 14.6; condylobasal length, 13.9; zygomatic breadth, 8.8; mastoid breadth, 7.4; breadth of braincase, 6.9; least postorbital breadth, 3.6; length of maxillary toothrow, 5.4; greatest breadth across upper molars, 5.9; greatest breadth across upper canines, 4.2; greatest length of mandible, 9.9; and length of mandibular toothrow, 5.7 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA128009B3EFE65FE3B" author="Thomas O." box="[263,408,361,384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="360 - 367" refId="ref9567" refString="Thomas O. 1920. On Neotropical bats of the genus Eptesicus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 360 - 367." type="journal article" year="1920">Thomas 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA128A19B3EFD6AFE3B" author="Carter D. C. & Dolan P. G." box="[422,663,361,384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref7006" refString="Carter D. C., Dolan P. G. 1978. Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 15: 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1978">Carter and Dolan 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA1299F9BDEFDAEFC9B" blockId="3.[109,792,201,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Mean values (mm; parenthetical range) of some external and craniodental measurements for
|
||
<specimenCount id="89CFFD64FFA5FFA128B89BFEFDEFFE7B" box="[447,530,425,448]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="89CFFD64FFA5FFA12B4F9BFEFD3DFE7B" box="[584,704,425,448]" count="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, respectively, collected from 11 localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12B009B9EFD9DFE5B" box="[519,608,457,480]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12B9F9B9EFD34FE5B" box="[664,713,457,480]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12BDD9B9EFF5FFDBB" author="Davis W. B." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were: greatest length of skull, 14.9 (14.3–15.6), 15.1 (13.9–15.8); zygomatic breadth, 9.3 (8.8–9.6), 9.55 (8.9–10.0); cranial breadth, 6.85 (6.5–7.3), 6.9 (6.5–7.1); length of maxillary toothrow, 5.4 (5.2–5.5), 5.5 (5.2–6.0); width across M2–M2, 5.9 (5.7–6.1), 6.2 (5.9–6.4); mandibular length, 10.9 (10.5–11.4), 11.0 (10.5–11.7); length of mandibular toothrow, 5.8 (5.6–6.0), 5.9 (5.5–6.4); forearm length, 36.7 (35.3–38.5), 37.0 (34.0–38.7); length of third metacarpal, 34.3 (33.3–36.2), 34.5 (31.5–35.3); phalanx 1: digit 3, 12.8 (12.5–13.2), 12.7 (11.5–13.2); phalanx 2: digit 3, 11.2 (10.3–12.5), 11.0 (10.0–12.0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA1299F997EFE14F93B" blockId="3.[109,792,201,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Mean ±
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA129FE997EFEE7FCFB" box="[249,282,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SD</emphasis>
|
||
and ranges (mm; parenthetical
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12B87997EFD70FCFB" box="[640,653,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
|
||
) of selected craniodental measurements for males and females, respectively, collected from 12 different localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12B27993EFD84FC3B" box="[544,633,873,896]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12B8C993EFCEDFC3B" author="Albuja L." box="[651,784,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA1296A99DEFECEFC1B" author="Carrera J. P. & Solari S. & Larsen P. A. & Alvarado D. F. & Brown A. D. & Carrion C. & Tello J. S. & Baker R. J." box="[109,307,905,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref6938" refString="Carrera J. P., Solari S., Larsen P. A., Alvarado D. F., Brown A. D., Carrion C., Tello J. S., Baker R. J. 2010. Bats of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 57: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010">Carrera et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), were: greatest length of skull, 14.56 ± 0.50, 13.98–15.60 (9), 14.59 ± 0.37, 14.08–15.35 (11); condylobasal length, 13.50 ± 0.58, 12.73–14.31 (9), 13.17 ± 0.43, 12.26–13.84 (11); braincase breadth, 5.26 ± 0.21, 4.97–5.45 (7), 5.32 ± 0.15, 4.97–5.53 (11); braincase height, 7.23 ± 0.23, 7.06–7.66 (8), 7.22 ± 0.23, 6.86–7.56 (11); zygomatic breadth, 9.27 ± 0.35, 8.77–9.85 (8), 9.41 ± 0.33, 8.75–9.76 (10); mastoid breadth, 7.51 ± 0.25, 7.03–7.87 (9), 7.57 ± 0.25, 7.12–7.90 (11); postorbital constriction, 3.76 ± 0.13, 3.60–3.95 (9), 3.75 ± 0.12, 3.59–3.94 (11); least interorbital breadth, 5.04 ± 0.29, 4.66–5.59 (7), 4.92 ± 0.16, 4.74–5.28 (11); palatal length, 6.48 ± 0.34, 6.22–7.17 (7), 6.58 ± 0.31, 6.05–6.97 (11); length of maxillary toothrow, 5.41 ± 0.19, 5.12–5.74 (9), 5.38 ± 0.18, 5.12–5.62 (11); length of mandibular toothrow, 5.84 ± 0.23, 5.53–6.32 (8), 5.89 ± 0.18, 5.65–6.16 (11); length of upper molar toothrow, 4.32 ± 0.13, 4.09–4.52 (7), 4.33 ± 0.17, 4.05–4.54 (11); width across canines, 4.26 ± 0.19, 4.06–4.64 (8), 4.31 ± 0.18, 3.92– 4.56 (11); width across molars, 6.08 ± 0.25, 5.86–6.59 (9), 6.06 ± 0.22, 5.75–6.37 (11); mandible length, 10.61 ± 0.38, 10.17–11.26 (9), 10.53 ± 0.31, 10.05–10.98 (11—measurements taken by Christian Loaiza from specimens in the QCAZ [Museo Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12B729C7EFD2EF9FB" box="[629,723,1577,1600]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
], EPN [Escuela Politécnica Nacional], and MECN [Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales] collections).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA5FFA128519CECFA1EF97B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA128519CECFDD3F96E" blockId="3.[342,558,1723,1749]" box="[342,558,1723,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA128519CECFDD3F96E" bold="true" box="[342,558,1723,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA1299F9CA9FBA7FD3B" blockId="3.[109,792,1790,1941]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1525,201,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA1299F9CA9FEA3F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[152,350,1790,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA1299F9CA9FEA3F8AE" box="[152,350,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12B4A9CA9FD5BF8AE" box="[589,678,1790,1813]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA129C29D49FF04F88E" box="[197,249,1822,1845]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in South America, in dry and rainforest ecosystems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F22A68FFA5FFA129719D69FF49F8EE" box="[118,180,1854,1877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[109,144,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,200,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[256,1376,200,1778]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Eptesicus innoxius redrawn by Christian Loaiza from Loaiza et al. (2020). Arabic numbers correspond to provinces in Ecuador: 1) Esmeraldas, 2) Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, 3) Manabí, 4) Los Ríos, 5) Guayas, 6) Santa Elena, 7) El Oro, 8) Loja; and Peru departments: 9) Tumbes, 10) Piura, 11) Lambayeque. The gray shading refers to Andes Mountains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259986/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA129C59D69FE8DF8EE" author="Brack-Egg E." box="[194,368,1854,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="57 - 70" refId="ref6544" refString="Brack-Egg E. 1986. Las ecorregiones del Peru. Boletin de Lima 44: 57 - 70." type="journal article" year="1986">Brack-Egg 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA128799D69FDB1F8EE" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." box="[382,588,1854,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021). It occupies the following ecoregions in both countries (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12B909D09FF5FF82E" author="Olson D. M. & Dinerstein E. & Wikramanayake E. D. & Burgess N. D. & Powell G. V. & Underwood E. C. & D'Amico J. A. & Itoua I. & Strand H. E. & Morrison J. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref8456" refString="Olson D. M., Dinerstein E., Wikramanayake E. D., Burgess N. D., Powell G. V., Underwood E. C., D'Amico J. A., Itoua I., Strand H. E., Morrison J. C., et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51: 933 - 938." type="journal article" year="2001">Olson et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): Ecuadorian dry forest,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA128A09D29FDDFF82E" box="[423,546,1918,1941]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Chocó mangroves, Guayaquil flooded grassland, Gulf of Guayaquil mangroves, Sechura desert, Tumbes-Piura dry forests, and Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12C9D9ABEFA0EFEBB" box="[1434,1523,233,256]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
moist forests. The habitat in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12D969B5EFB17FE9B" box="[1169,1258,265,288]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
is characterized by the following biogeographic regions and provinces: Equatorial Chocó (Chocó), Coastal Mountain range and Jama-Zapotillo (Equatorial Pacific), and Catamayo-Alamor (Southern Andes—
|
||
<date id="EB77102DFFA5FFA12A4F9BDEFC43FE1B" box="[840,958,393,416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2013-03">MAE 2013</date>
|
||
); also includes dry and semidecidous tropical forests in primary and secondary dry forests, wetlands, secondary and disturbed forests, grasslands, leafless shrub areas, mangroves, thorn forests, and banana, papaya, cocoa, and mango plantations, frequently near bodies of water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DEA985EFA8FFD9B" author="Albuja L." box="[1261,1394,521,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C85985EFC4AFDFB" author="Cadenillas R. & Alzamora M. & Abramonte F." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="28 - 37" refId="ref6800" refString="Cadenillas R., Alzamora M., Abramonte F. 2007. Evaluacion de Mamiferos. In: More A., editor. Evaluaciones rapidas de la biodiversidad del Coto de Caza El Angolo. Reporte Tecnico # 2. Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Sullana, Peru; p. 28 - 37." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cadenillas et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12AC2987EFB6EFDFB" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." box="[965,1171,553,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DA6987EFA9BFDFB" author="Carrera J. P. & Solari S. & Larsen P. A. & Alvarado D. F. & Brown A. D. & Carrion C. & Tello J. S. & Baker R. J." box="[1185,1382,553,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref6938" refString="Carrera J. P., Solari S., Larsen P. A., Alvarado D. F., Brown A. D., Carrion C., Tello J. S., Baker R. J. 2010. Bats of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 57: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010">Carrera et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C73987EFA16FDFB" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1396,1515,553,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A4F981EFBB6FDDB" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." box="[840,1099,585,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D5F981EFB0EFDDB" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1112,1267,585,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C07981EFC80FD3B" author="Paz-Ramirez T. & Salas J. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref8779" refString="Paz-Ramirez T., Salas J. A. 2019. Evaluacion de tres bosques protectores periurbanos del canton Guayaquil (Guayas, Ecuador) como potenciales areas de importancia para la conservacion de murcielagos. Mammalia aequatorialis 1: 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="2019">Paz-Ramírez and Salas 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A8C983EFBB7FD3B" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[907,1098,617,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA12A7498DEFAE0FBFB" blockId="3.[840,1525,201,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12A7498DEFBC3FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[883,1086,649,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12A7498DEFBC3FD1B" box="[883,1086,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been registered in 44 localities in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12AA698FEFC07FD7B" box="[929,1018,681,704]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12DB998FEFB0FFD7B" box="[1214,1266,681,704]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the islands of Puná and Santay. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12D1B989EFB8AFD5B" box="[1052,1143,713,736]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been recorded in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12C76989EFA12FD5B" box="[1393,1519,713,736]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12A4F98BEFB63FCBB" box="[840,1182,745,768]" country="Ecuador" name="Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12DAF98BEFAF5FCBB" box="[1192,1288,745,768]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12C1498BEFA9BFCBB" box="[1299,1382,745,768]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guayas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Santa Elena,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12A4F995EFC6AFC9B" box="[840,919,777,800]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12ADF995EFBF4FC9B" box="[984,1033,777,800]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces, and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12DE7995EFAE9FC9B" box="[1248,1300,777,800]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12A4F997EFC5DFCFB" box="[840,928,809,832]" country="Peru" name="Tumbes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tumbes</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12AA9997EFC14FCFB" box="[942,1001,809,832]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12D2D997EFB49FCFB" box="[1066,1204,809,832]" country="Peru" name="Lambayeque" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F22A68FFA5FFA12DC0997EFAF4FCFB" box="[1223,1289,809,832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[109,144,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[258,1374,200,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[256,1376,200,1778]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Eptesicus innoxius redrawn by Christian Loaiza from Loaiza et al. (2020). Arabic numbers correspond to provinces in Ecuador: 1) Esmeraldas, 2) Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, 3) Manabí, 4) Los Ríos, 5) Guayas, 6) Santa Elena, 7) El Oro, 8) Loja; and Peru departments: 9) Tumbes, 10) Piura, 11) Lambayeque. The gray shading refers to Andes Mountains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259986/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C1B997EFA64FCFB" author="Davis W. B." box="[1308,1433,809,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12CAC997EFC80FCDB" author="Albuja L." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A8A991EFBCDFCDB" author="Simmons N. B." box="[909,1072,841,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref9467" refString="Simmons N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M., editors. Mammal species of the world. 3 rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; p. 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D47991EFAE8FCDB" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." box="[1088,1301,841,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C21991EFC80FC3B" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A8D993EFBFDFC3B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[906,1024,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="235 - 326" refId="ref9666" refString="Tirira D. G. 2012. Murcielagos del Ecuador: una referencia geografica, taxonomica y bibliografica. In: Tirira D. G., Burneo S. F., editors. Investigacion y conservacion sobre murcielagos en el Ecuador. Publicacion Especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 9. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Fundacion Mamiferos y Conservacion, y Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia, Quito, Ecuador; p. 235 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2012">Tirira 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D0A993EFBBFFC3B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1037,1090,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D48993EFB08FC3B" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Aguirre L. F. & Aguiar L. M. S. & Barquez R. M." box="[1103,1269,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref7383" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Aguirre L. F., Aguiar L. M. S., Barquez R. M. 2016. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos de Sudamerica. Publicacion Especial No. 2. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2016">Díaz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C05993EFA60FC3B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1282,1437,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12CAD993EFC40FC1B" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12D7199DEFB0CFC1B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1142,1265,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D7199DEFB0CFC1B" box="[1142,1265,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are located to the west of the Andes mountain range, and its geographic distribution comprises coastal lowlands and humid forest (northwest) where it is less abundant, dry forest (southwest), and western subtropics (foothills), where it is more abundant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DE49E5EFA9AFB9B" author="Albuja L." box="[1251,1383,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C739E5EFA11FB9B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1396,1516,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9629" refString="Tirira D. G. 2008. Mamiferos de los bosques humedos del noroccidente de Ecuador. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 7. Ediciones Murcielago Blanco y Proyecto PRIMENET, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2008">Tirira 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A4F9E7EFC80FBFB" author="Tirira D. G." box="[840,893,1065,1088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A8C9E7EFBAFFBFB" author="Carrera J. P. & Solari S. & Larsen P. A. & Alvarado D. F. & Brown A. D. & Carrion C. & Tello J. S. & Baker R. J." box="[907,1106,1065,1088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref6938" refString="Carrera J. P., Solari S., Larsen P. A., Alvarado D. F., Brown A. D., Carrion C., Tello J. S., Baker R. J. 2010. Bats of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 57: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010">Carrera et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D679E7EFAF0FBFB" author="Brito J. & Garzon C. & Mena P. & Gonzalez D. & Mena J." box="[1120,1293,1065,1088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6563" refString="Brito J., Garzon C., Mena P., Gonzalez D., Mena J. 2018. Mamiferos de la provincia de El Oro: una guia de identificacion de especies de mamiferos del Paramo al Mar. Publicacion Miscelanea No. 8: Serie de Publicaciones GADP El Oro - INABIO, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2018">Brito et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA12A749E1EFA1EF97B" blockId="3.[840,1525,201,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The northernmost record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12DCC9E1EFAB0FBDB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1227,1357,1097,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12DCC9E1EFAB0FBDB" box="[1227,1357,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported from Recinto Pedro Carbo (MZUGM [Museo de Zoología Universidad de Guayaquil] 532;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12DBB9EDEFABFFB1B" box="[1212,1346,1159,1185]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="08.3" value="0.36897224">
|
||
0°22
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12DE99EDFFB08FB1A" box="[1262,1269,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
08.3
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C249ED0FAD3FB1B" box="[1315,1326,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12C539EDEFA12FB1B" box="[1364,1519,1159,1185]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="39.3" value="-79.977585">
|
||
79°58
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C939EDFFA66FB1A" box="[1428,1435,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
39.3
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12CCE9ED0FA29FB1B" box="[1481,1492,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12A4F9EFEFBD0FB7B" box="[840,1069,1193,1216]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Esmeraldas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12D3B9EFEFB65FB7B" box="[1084,1176,1193,1216]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
), a locality in coastal lowlands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A569E9EFBEDFB5B" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[849,1040,1225,1248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the southernmost record was reported from Puerto Etén (USNM [National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian] 103923–103927;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12D989F5EFAD0FA9B" box="[1183,1325,1287,1313]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="34.8" value="-6.926333">
|
||
06°55
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12DD99F5FFB18FA9A" box="[1246,1253,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
34.8
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C149F50FAE3FA9B" box="[1299,1310,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12C399F5EFA24FA9B" box="[1342,1497,1287,1313]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="52.8" value="-79.86466">
|
||
79°51
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C7A9F5FFA79FA9A" box="[1405,1412,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.8
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12CB59F50FA40FA9B" box="[1458,1469,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA5FFA12CE29F5EFCA0FAFB" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12AC79F7EFB78FAFB" box="[960,1157,1321,1344]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chiclayo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12D889F7EFAE5FAFB" box="[1167,1304,1321,1344]" country="Peru" name="Lambayeque" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12CAF9F7EFA25FAFB" box="[1448,1496,1321,1344]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A4F9F1EFC14FADB" author="Tschudi J. J." box="[840,1001,1353,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10000" refString="Tschudi J. J. 1844 b. Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Peruana: therologie. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, Switzerland." type="book" year="1844">Tschudi 1844b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12AFC9F1EFB72FADB" author="Thomas O." box="[1019,1167,1353,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="360 - 367" refId="ref9567" refString="Thomas O. 1920. On Neotropical bats of the genus Eptesicus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 360 - 367." type="journal article" year="1920">Thomas 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DA69F1EFAB5FADB" author="Koopman K. F." box="[1185,1352,1353,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref7789" refString="Koopman K. F. 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian bats, with special emphasis on the role of the Andes. American Museum Novitates 2651: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1978">Koopman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C5D9F1EFC80FA3B" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12A8A9F3EFBAFFA3B" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[909,1106,1385,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the easternmost record was reported from Bosque Protector Otongachi (QCAZ 17184;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12C6B9FDEFA10FA1B" box="[1388,1517,1415,1441]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="14.5" value="-0.32069445">
|
||
0°19
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C999FDFFA58FA1A" box="[1438,1445,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
14.5
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12CD49FD0FA23FA1B" box="[1491,1502,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12A4F9FFEFC1DFA7B" box="[840,992,1447,1473]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="06.2" value="-78.95172">
|
||
78°57
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12A809FFFFC73FA7A" box="[903,910,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
06.2
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12ABB9FF0FC3AFA7B" box="[956,967,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12AF09FFEFA12FA7B" box="[1015,1519,1449,1472]" country="Ecuador" name="Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12A4F9F9EFC58FA5B" box="[840,933,1481,1504]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
); the westernmost record was reported from Amotape (MNHN 6987;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12AE89FBEFB80F9BB" box="[1007,1149,1511,1537]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="59.4" value="-4.883167">
|
||
04°52
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D299FBFFBC8F9BA" box="[1070,1077,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.4
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D649FB0FB93F9BB" box="[1123,1134,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FAFD502AFFA5FFA12D8C9FBEFADEF9BB" box="[1163,1315,1511,1537]" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="55.5" value="-81.01542">
|
||
81°00
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12DCD9FBFFB2CF9BA" box="[1226,1233,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
55.5
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12DF89FB0FAF7F9BB" box="[1279,1290,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12C289FBEFA9AF9BB" box="[1327,1383,1513,1536]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12A4F9C5EFC80F99B" box="[840,893,1545,1568]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
). An unusual record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12D7B9C5EFB09F99B" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1148,1268,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D7B9C5EFB71F99B" box="[1148,1164,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D9C9C5EFB09F99B" box="[1179,1268,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the locality of Santa Rosa (Imbabura—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D0B9C7EFB51F9FB" author="Lee T. E. & Burneo S. F. & Cochran T. J. & Chavez D." box="[1036,1196,1577,1600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref7842" refString="Lee T. E., Burneo S. F., Cochran T. J., Chavez D. 2010. Small mammals of Santa Rosa, southwestern Imbabura Province, Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University 290: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">Lee et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was later identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12CAC9C7EFC60F9DB" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12CAC9C7EFC60F9DB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Myotis riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(riparian myotis—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12D739C1EFAF6F9DB" author="Romero V." box="[1140,1291,1609,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8968" refString="Romero V. 2022. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Brito J., Camacho M. A., Romero V., Vallejo A. F., editors. Mamiferos del Ecuador. Version 2018.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / mammaliaweb / FichaEspecie / Eptesicus % 20 innoxius. Accessed 12 July 2023." type="url" year="2022">Romero 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12C209C1EFA0FF9DB" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1319,1522,1609,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C209C1EFA0FF9DB" box="[1319,1522,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA5FFA12D629C3EFB5AF93B" box="[1125,1191,1641,1664]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DB29C3EFAD3F93B" author="Tuttle M. D." box="[1205,1326,1641,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="45 - 86" refId="ref10026" refString="Tuttle M. D. 1970. Distribution and zoogeography of Peruvian bats, with comments on natural history. The University of Kansas. Science Bulletin 49: 45 - 86." type="journal article" year="1970">Tuttle 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C3D9C3EFA4DF93B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1338,1456,1641,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12CBB9C3EFC47F91B" author="Brito J. & Garzon C. & Mena P. & Gonzalez D. & Mena J." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6563" refString="Brito J., Garzon C., Mena P., Gonzalez D., Mena J. 2018. Mamiferos de la provincia de El Oro: una guia de identificacion de especies de mamiferos del Paramo al Mar. Publicacion Miscelanea No. 8: Serie de Publicaciones GADP El Oro - INABIO, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2018">Brito et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12ACD9CDEFB9BF91B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[970,1126,1673,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but there are records in both countries of occurrence above
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA5FFA12D509CFEFB53F97B" box="[1111,1198,1705,1728]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1200.0">1,200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12DBA9CFEFACBF97B" author="Davis W. B." box="[1213,1334,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref7294" refString="Davis W. B. 1966. Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11: 245 - 274." type="journal article" year="1966">Davis 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12C449CFEFA29F97B" author="Graham G. L." box="[1347,1492,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="173 - 186" refId="ref7643" refString="Graham G. L. 1987. Seasonality of reproduction in Peruvian bats. Fieldiana Zoology 39: 173 - 186." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA5FFA72D219CACFEA7FE7B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA12D219CACFAE8F8AE" blockId="3.[1062,1301,1787,1813]" box="[1062,1301,1787,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12D219CACFAE8F8AE" bold="true" box="[1062,1301,1787,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FOSSIL RECORD</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA5FFA72A749D69FEA7FE7B" blockId="3.[840,1522,1854,1941]" lastBlockId="5.[109,793,201,448]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2FA13CB0FFA5FFA12A749D69FAB8F82E" country="Peru" determinerName="Cadenillas and Martinez" location="Talara Tar Seeps" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piura">
|
||
Humeri from Pleistocene deposits from the
|
||
<location id="9A166036FFA5FFA12C7A9D69FC75F8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:176087FBFFA6FFA429E99C5AFC70FDBB:9A166036FFA5FFA12C7A9D69FC75F8CE" country="Peru" name="Talara Tar Seeps" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Piura">Talara Tar Seeps</location>
|
||
of northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA5FFA12D469D09FB8EF8CE" box="[1089,1139,1886,1909]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA5FFA12D859D09FB42F8CE" box="[1154,1215,1886,1909]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
) were assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA5FFA12C8E9D09FAB8F82E" authority="(Cadenillas and Martinez 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12C8E9D09FA0FF8CE" box="[1417,1522,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA5FFA12A779D29FC30F82E" box="[880,973,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA5FFA12AE59D29FAC7F82E" author="Cadenillas R. & Martinez J. N." box="[994,1338,1918,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref6857" refString="Cadenillas R., Martinez J. N. 2005. Additional bats from the late Pleistocene of the Talara Tar Seeps (northwestern Peru) - paleoenvironmental implications. In: Kellner A. W. A., Henriques D. D. R., Rodrigues T., editors. Boletim de Resumos. II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; p. 58 - 59." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
<determinerName id="6AAADA29FFA5FFA12AE59D29FB0AF82E" box="[994,1271,1918,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cadenillas and Martínez</determinerName>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. In addition to fossil remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA7283F9A9EFE22FF5B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[312,479,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA7283F9A9EFEB5FF5B" box="[312,328,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA728859A9EFE22FF5B" box="[386,479,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72B729A9EFD13FF5B" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[629,750,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72B729A9EFD13FF5B" box="[629,750,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A069A9EFF36FEBB" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A069A9EFF36FEBB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. furinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an undescribed potentially extinct species were discovered at this site (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA7286A9B5EFDBFFE9B" author="Moretto L. & Lim B. K. & Cadenillas R. & Martinez J. N." box="[365,578,265,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1250097" refId="ref8351" refString="Moretto L., Lim B. K., Cadenillas R., Martinez J. N. 2017. Analysis of bat humeri from late Pleistocene Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru, with paleoenvironmental implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e 1250097." type="journal article" year="2017">Moretto et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The conventional radiocarbon (
|
||
<superScript id="68BC9BA5FFA3FFA7280E9B70FEE4FE8E" attach="right" box="[265,281,295,309]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14</superScript>
|
||
C) analysis placed the Talara site between 13,616 ± 600 and 14,418 ± 500 years CAL BP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72BB59B1EFF59FE3B" author="Churcher C. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="985 - 993" refId="ref7045" refString="Churcher C. S. 1966. The insect fauna from the Talara tar-seeps, Peru. Canadian Journal of Zoology 44: 985 - 993." type="journal article" year="1966">Churcher 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, newer calibration techniques placed Talara between 14,500 and 17,000 calendar years before present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA729709BFEFEB7FE7B" author="Lindsey E. L. & Seymour K. L. & Southon J. R." box="[119,330,425,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="220" refId="ref7932" refString="Lindsey E. L., Seymour K. L., Southon J. R. 2022. New radiocarbon dates on megafaunal dung, insects and wood shed light on chronology of Neotropical asphaltic deposits. In: Ehret D. J., Farke A. A., Fulwood E., editors. Abstracts Book. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 82 nd Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p. 220." type="proceedings paper" year="2022">Lindsey et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CBB66665FFA2FFA6296A9D58FBD8F8E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259986/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[109,144,1807,1828]" targetBox="[258,1374,200,1776]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA2FFA6296A9D58FBD8F8E4" blockId="4.[109,1523,1807,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA2FFA6296A9D58FF51F89F" bold="true" box="[109,172,1807,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA2FFA628CE9D58FD81F89F" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[457,636,1807,1828]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA2FFA628CE9D58FD81F89F" box="[457,636,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
redrawn by Christian Loaiza from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA2FFA62AC89D58FB76F89F" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[975,1163,1807,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Arabic numbers correspond to provinces in Ecuador: 1) Esmeraldas, 2) Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, 3) Manabí, 4) Los Ríos, 5) Guayas, 6) Santa Elena, 7) El Oro, 8) Loja; and Peru departments: 9) Tumbes, 10) Piura, 11) Lambayeque. The gray shading refers to Andes Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA3FFA728269BACFEA6F971" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA728269BACFD99FDAE" blockId="5.[289,612,507,533]" box="[289,612,507,533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA728269BACFD99FDAE" bold="true" box="[289,612,507,533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA7299F9869FCEFFC4E" blockId="5.[109,792,574,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The dental formula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA7289B9869FD9AFDEE" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[412,615,574,597]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA7289B9869FD9AFDEE" box="[412,615,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is i 2/3, c 1/1, p 1/2, m 3/3, total 32 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA728689809FD81FDCE" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[367,636,606,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72B899809FCF5FDCE" author="Tirira D. G." box="[654,776,606,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA729FF9829FE8CFD2E" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[248,369,638,661]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA729FF9829FE8CFD2E" box="[248,369,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
broadly conforms to that described for the genus. The upper inner incisors are large and bifid, external incisors are sharp and very short, barely reaching the middle of the external lobe of the others. The maxillary canines are robust, twice the length of the inner incisors; immediately behind each of them there is a single premolar, large in size, without a gap or diastema behind the canine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA728B99969FDB2FCEE" author="Cabrera A." box="[446,591,830,853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="367 - 373" refId="ref6675" refString="Cabrera A. 1901. Descripcion de tres nuevos mamiferos americanos. Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 1: 367 - 373." type="journal article" year="1901">Cabrera 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72B599969FCF5FCEE" author="Diaz M. M. & Solari S. & Gregorin R. & Aguirre L. F. & Barquez R. M." box="[606,776,830,853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref7442" refString="Diaz M. M., Solari S., Gregorin R., Aguirre L. F., Barquez R. M. 2021. Clave de identificacion de los murcielagos neotropicales. Publicacion Especial No. 4. Programa de conservacion de los murcielagos de Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina." type="book" year="2021">Díaz et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mandibular incisors are small, trilobed, and similar to each other in size and shape; the canine is three times longer than the mandibular incisors; the lower P1 is one-half shorter than the P2, which is slightly shorter than the canine; the last upper molar is reduced in overall size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA7286A9989FD8FFC4E" author="Simmons N. B. & Voss R. S." box="[365,626,990,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref9521" refString="Simmons N. B., Voss R. S. 1998. The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1: bats. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237: 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1998">Simmons and Voss 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72B789989FCFFFC4E" author="Albuja L." box="[639,770,990,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA729C89E67FD4BFBF1" blockId="5.[207,694,1072,1098]" box="[207,694,1072,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA729C89E67FD4BFBF1" bold="true" box="[207,694,1072,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA7299F9E24FD89FA11" blockId="5.[109,792,1139,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
There is no data on the ontogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72B429E24FCECFB31" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[581,785,1139,1162]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72B429E24FCECFB31" box="[581,785,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Information on the reproductive status and seasonal patterns of pregnancy and parturition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA728C99EE4FDB5FB71" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[462,584,1203,1226]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA728C99EE4FDB5FB71" box="[462,584,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is scarce (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72BC59EE4FF5FFB51" author="Graham G. L." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="173 - 186" refId="ref7643" refString="Graham G. L. 1987. Seasonality of reproduction in Peruvian bats. Fieldiana Zoology 39: 173 - 186." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reports from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA7285E9E84FE4FFB51" box="[345,434,1235,1258]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
include a breast-feeding female that was collected in Barraganete,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA3FFA728F19EA4FD4CFAB1" box="[502,689,1267,1290]" country="Ecuador" name="Bolivar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolívar Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in
|
||
<date id="EB77102DFFA3FFA72BE79EA4FF5FFA91" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1980-04">April 1980</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA729B39F44FEC7FA91" author="Albuja L." box="[180,314,1299,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6396" refString="Albuja L. 1999. Murcielagos del Ecuador. Segunda Edicion. Cicetronic Cia. Ltda, Offset, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="1999">Albuja 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a male with testes in scrotal position was collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA729F49F64FEE7FAF1" box="[243,282,1331,1354]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA3FFA728709F64FDCDFAF1" box="[375,560,1331,1354]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guayas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in the dry season on
|
||
<date id="EB77102DFFA3FFA7296A9F04FF2BFAD1" box="[109,214,1363,1386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2018-07">July 2018</date>
|
||
(MZUGM 0728; J. A. Salas, in litt.). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA72B8C9F04FD42FAD1" box="[651,703,1363,1386]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is a report of a scrotal male collected in the locality of Palo Negro (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA3FFA729729FC4FF4EFA11" box="[117,179,1427,1450]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
), on
|
||
<date id="EB77102DFFA3FFA729E19FC4FE85FA11" box="[230,376,1427,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2012-10">October 2012</date>
|
||
(R. Cadenillas, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA7299F9FE4FEA6F971" blockId="5.[109,792,1139,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Information and field observations of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA7296A9F84FF2EFA51" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[109,211,1491,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA7296A9F84FF2EFA51" box="[109,211,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest a bimodal breeding pattern, with parturition occurring only during the warmer parts of the year; breeding activity of males was also bimodal, as indicated by testis size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA729719C64FF0BF9F1" author="Myers P." box="[118,246,1587,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref8399" refString="Myers P. 1977. Patterns of reproduction of four species of vespertilionid bats in Paraguay. University of California Publications in Zoology 107: 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1977">Myers 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA728029C64FE0DF9F1" author="Kurta A. & Baker R. H." box="[261,496,1587,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7820" refString="Kurta A., Baker R. H. 1990. Eptesicus fuscus. Mammalian Species 356: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1990">Kurta and Baker 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA728F89C64FD56F9F1" author="Mies R. & Kurta A. & King D. G." box="[511,683,1587,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref8229" refString="Mies R., Kurta A., King D. G. 1996. Eptesicus furinalis. Mammalian Species 526: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Mies et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72BBE9C64FF5FF9D1" author="Esberard C. E. L." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="49 - 55" refId="ref7496" refString="Esberard C. E. L. 2012. Activity and reproduction of Eptesicus brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 76 (1): 49 - 55." type="journal article" year="2012">Esbérard 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The number of offspring per pregnancy in members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA7296A9C24FF2EF931" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[109,211,1651,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA7296A9C24FF2EF931" box="[109,211,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies from one to four (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA728EE9C24FD8FF931" author="Nowak R. M." box="[489,626,1651,1674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref8428" refString="Nowak R. M. 1995. Walker's mammals of the world. 5 th ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." type="book" year="1995">Nowak 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although two embryos are more frequently observed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72B1E9CC4FD64F911" author="Myers P." box="[537,665,1683,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref8399" refString="Myers P. 1977. Patterns of reproduction of four species of vespertilionid bats in Paraguay. University of California Publications in Zoology 107: 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1977">Myers 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72BAF9CC4FF5FF971" author="Mies R. & Kurta A. & King D. G." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref8229" refString="Mies R., Kurta A., King D. G. 1996. Eptesicus furinalis. Mammalian Species 526: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Mies et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA729B69CE4FEB6F971" author="Esberard C. E. L." box="[177,331,1715,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="49 - 55" refId="ref7496" refString="Esberard C. E. L. 2012. Activity and reproduction of Eptesicus brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 76 (1): 49 - 55." type="journal article" year="2012">Esbérard 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA3FFA7287F9D52FB7BF81B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA7287F9D52FDF3F8A4" blockId="5.[376,526,1797,1823]" box="[376,526,1797,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading id="C43E8181FFA3FFA7287F9D52FDF3F8A4" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,1797,1823]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA7287F9D52FDF3F8A4" bold="true" box="[376,526,1797,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA7299F9D1EFB9BFEFB" blockId="5.[109,792,1865,1952]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA728419D1EFDEBF8DB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[326,534,1865,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA728419D1EFDEBF8DB" box="[326,534,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed flying throughout the night from 1900 to 0500 h (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72B4E9D3EFF5FF81B" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Roosts occurred under loose bark
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA3FFA72B3A9DDEFD79F81B" box="[573,644,1929,1952]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
aboveground and inside hollow trees about
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA3FFA72DAD9A9EFB09FF5B" box="[1194,1268,201,224]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground; in both cases, open areas of at least
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA3FFA72D7E9ABEFB5EFEBB" box="[1145,1187,233,256]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
diameter surrounding the trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72A569B5EFC10FE9B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[849,1005,265,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D059B5EFB35FE9B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1026,1224,265,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D059B5EFB35FE9B" box="[1026,1224,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a generation length of 7 years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72A979B7EFBABFEFB" author="Pacifici M. & Santini L. & Di Marco M. & Baisero D. & Francucci L. & Grottolo G. & Visconti P. & Rondinini C." box="[912,1110,297,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="87 - 94" refId="ref8681" refString="Pacifici M., Santini L., Di Marco M., Baisero D., Francucci L., Grottolo G., Visconti P., Rondinini C. 2013. Generation length for mammals. Nature Conservation 5: 87 - 94." type="journal article" year="2013">Pacifici et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA72A749B1EFA38FDFB" blockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A749B1EFBC3FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[883,1086,329,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A749B1EFBC3FEDB" box="[883,1086,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strictly insectivorous. Fecal samples contained fragments of Homoptera, Diptera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C439B3EFA41FE3B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1348,1468,361,384]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and possibly small Lepidoptera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D879BDEFA70FE1B" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." box="[1152,1421,393,416]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C999BDEFC74FE7B" author="Claudio V. C. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D2E9BFEFB5CFE7B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1065,1185,425,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D2E9BFEFBC4FE7B" box="[1065,1081,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D409BFEFB5CFE7B" box="[1095,1185,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been reported to date, but based on previous reports about depredation on bats, it is plausible that due to its crepuscular behavior, diurnal raptors such as hawks are possible predators, as well as nocturnal hunters such as owls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72AD9987EFB5CFDFB" author="Mikula P. & Morelli F. & Jones D. N. & Tryjanowski P." box="[990,1185,553,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="160 - 174" refId="ref8255" refString="Mikula P., Morelli F., Lu c an R. K., Jones D. N., Tryjanowski P. 2016. Bats as prey of diurnal birds: a global perspective. Mammal Review 46 (3): 160 - 174." type="journal article" year="2016">Mikula et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72DA8987EFA48FDFB" author="Cadena-Ortiz H. & Brito J. & Rios M. C. & Piedrahita P. & Pozo-Zamora G. & Wagner H. & Freile, J." box="[1199,1461,553,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6736" refString="Cadena-Ortiz H., Brito J., Rios M. C., Piedrahita P., Pozo-Zamora G., Wagner H., Freile, J. 2022. What do we know about the diet of Ecuadorian owls? In: Mikkola H., editor. Owls - clever survivors. IntechOpen; p. 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2022">Cadena-Ortiz et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA72A74981EFBD0FCBB" blockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
A male specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D56981EFB37FDDB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1105,1226,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D56981EFB9CFDDB" box="[1105,1121,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D77981EFB37FDDB" box="[1136,1226,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA72C0B981EFA98FDDB" box="[1292,1381,585,608]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
was infected with the trematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D3D983EFAD8FD3B" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1900" box="[1082,1317,617,640]" class="Trematoda" family="Pleurogenidae" genus="Urotrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scabridum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D3D983EFAD8FD3B" box="[1082,1317,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Urotrema scabridum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Platyhelminthes, Digenea—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72ABB98DEFB81FD1B" author="Tkach V. V. & Greiman S. E. & Pulis E. E. & Brooks D. R. & Carrion-Bonilla C." box="[956,1148,649,672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="118 - 122" refId="ref9912" refString="Tkach V. V., Greiman S. E., Pulis E. E., Brooks D. R., Carrion-Bonilla C. 2019. Phylogenetic relationships and systematic position of the enigmatic Urotrema Braun, 1900 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea). Parasitology International 70: 118 - 122." type="journal article" year="2019">Tkach et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a small-sized parasite present in other insectivorous bats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D5F98FEFADDFD7B" author="Milano F. & Gonzalez C. & Gomez & Munoz A. & Colunga R. & Porcel E." box="[1112,1312,681,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="205 - 218" refId="ref8304" refString="Milano F., Gonzalez C., Gomez - Munoz A., Colunga R., Porcel E. 2016. Community of gastrointestinal helminth of Eumops patagonicus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from northeast Argentina. Neotropical Helminthology 10: 205 - 218." type="journal article" year="2016">Milano et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C3798FEFA16FD7B" author="Mello E. M. & Rabelo E. M. L. & Da Silva R. J." box="[1328,1515,681,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref8175" refString="Mello E. M., Rabelo E. M. L., Da Silva R. J. 2019. Urotrema macrotestis and Urotrema scabridum (Digenea: Urotrematidae) parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 91: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">Mello et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72A4F989EFB84FD5B" author="Martinez-Salazar E. A. & Medina-Rodriguez A. J. & Rosas-Valdez R. & Del Real-Monroy M. & Falcon-Ordaz J." box="[840,1145,713,736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="181 - 192" refId="ref8121" refString="Martinez-Salazar E. A., Medina-Rodriguez A. J., Rosas-Valdez R., Del Real-Monroy M., Falcon-Ordaz J. 2020. First record of Urotrema scabridum (Platyhelminthes), and new records of helminths of Tadarida brasiliensis from Mexican Plateau. Therya 11: 181 - 192." type="journal article" year="2020">Martínez-Salazar et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The rabies virus has not been reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AA998BEFBDBFCBB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[942,1062,745,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AA998BEFBDBFCBB" box="[942,1062,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA72A74995EFC4FFB3B" blockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A74995EFBB4FC9B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[883,1097,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A74995EFBB4FC9B" box="[883,1097,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been caught in mist nets with others bat species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D9C997EFA81FCFB" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[1179,1404,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D9C997EFA81FCFB" box="[1179,1404,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodus rotundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(common vampire bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AF7991EFAC2FCDB" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1913" box="[1008,1343,841,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="soricina" subSpecies="valens">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AF7991EFAC2FCDB" box="[1008,1343,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Glossophaga soricina valens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pallas’s longtongued bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AE0993EFB04FC3B" baseAuthorityName="Davis & Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[999,1273,873,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lophostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentale">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AE0993EFB04FC3B" box="[999,1273,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lophostoma occidentale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(western round-eared bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A8699DEFB97FC1B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[897,1130,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phylloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A8699DEFB97FC1B" box="[897,1130,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phylloderma stenops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pale-faced bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C2A99DEFC7FFC7B" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Phyllostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C2A99DEFC7FFC7B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phyllostomus discolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pale spear-nosed bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D8D99FEFAC9FC7B" authorityName="Velazco & Patterson" authorityYear="2014" box="[1162,1332,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D8D99FEFAC9FC7B" box="[1162,1332,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sturnira bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baker’s yellowshouldered bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D00999EFAF7FC5B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1972" box="[1031,1290,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davyi" subSpecies="incae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D00999EFAF7FC5B" box="[1031,1290,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pteronotus davyi incae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Davy’s naked-back bat),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A8599BEFBC0FBBB" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[898,1085,1001,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A8599BEFBC0FBBB" box="[898,1085,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(common black myotis), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C8D99BEFC53FB9B" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C8D99BEFC53FB9B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Molossus molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pallas’s mastiff bat—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72DD49E5EFA16FB9B" author="Cadenillas R. & Alzamora M. & Abramonte F." box="[1235,1515,1033,1056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="28 - 37" refId="ref6800" refString="Cadenillas R., Alzamora M., Abramonte F. 2007. Evaluacion de Mamiferos. In: More A., editor. Evaluaciones rapidas de la biodiversidad del Coto de Caza El Angolo. Reporte Tecnico # 2. Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Sullana, Peru; p. 28 - 37." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cadenillas et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72A4F9E7EFBD7FBFB" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Salas E. & Tello C. & Zeballos H." box="[840,1066,1065,1088]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="5 - 32" refId="ref8538" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Salas E., Tello C., Zeballos H. 2009. Diversidad y endemismo de los mamiferos del Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 16: 5 - 32." type="journal article" year="2009">Pacheco et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D3C9E7EFA7AFBFB" author="Velazco P. M. & Cadenillas R." box="[1083,1415,1065,1088]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref10105" refString="Velazco P. M., Cadenillas R. 2011. On the identity of Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis (Davis and Carter, 1978) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa 2962: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2011">Velazco and Cadenillas 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C9D9E7EFC5EFBDB" author="Salas J. A. & Burneo S. F. & Viteri H. F. & Carvajal M. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1218 - 1222" refId="ref9324" refString="Salas J. A., Burneo S. F., Viteri H. F., Carvajal M. R. 2014. First record of the pale-faced bat Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the province of Guayas, southwestern Ecuador. Check List 10: 1218 - 1222." type="journal article" year="2014">Salas et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72AB29E1EFB30FBDB" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." box="[949,1229,1097,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72DD99E1EFA7FFBDB" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[1246,1410,1097,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C939E1EFC5FFB3B" author="Pavan A. C. & Cadenillas R. & Centty O. & Pacheco V. & Velazco P. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref8728" refString="Pavan A. C., Cadenillas R., Centty O., Pacheco V., Velazco P. M. 2021. On the taxonomic identity of Pteronotus davyi incae Smith, 1972 (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae). American Museum Novitates 2020: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2021">Pavan et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA72A749EDEFA80FA5B" blockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72DCA9EDEFAB4FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1229,1353,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72DCA9EDEFAB4FB1B" box="[1229,1353,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coincides with other endemic bat species that occur in the Tumbesian
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA3FFA72CAC9EFEFA0FFB7B" box="[1451,1522,1193,1216]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Center</collectingRegion>
|
||
of endemism, such as phyllostomids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C279E9EFC7DFABB" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C279E9EFC7DFABB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lonchophylla hesperia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—western nectar bat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D9C9EBEFA5DFABB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1928" box="[1179,1440,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Platalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genovensium">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D9C9EBEFA5DFABB" box="[1179,1440,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Platalina genovensium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—longsnouted bat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AD99F5EFB47FA9B" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1924" box="[990,1210,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraterculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AD99F5EFB47FA9B" box="[990,1210,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Artibeus fraterculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—fraternal fruit-eating bat), furipterid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AC29F7EFB25FAFB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1877" box="[965,1240,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Furipteridae" genus="Amorphochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schnablii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AC29F7EFB25FAFB" box="[965,1240,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amorphochilus schnablii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—smoky bat), molossids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A569F1EFB61FADB" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[849,1180,1353,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Cabreramops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A569F1EFB61FADB" box="[849,1180,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cabreramops aequatorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—equatorial dog-faced bat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A4F9F3EFC04FA3B" authorityName="Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera & Ammerman" authorityYear="2009" box="[840,1017,1385,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Eumops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A4F9F3EFC04FA3B" box="[840,1017,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eumops wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Wilson’s bonneted bat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C239F3EFA25FA3B" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1316,1496,1385,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C239F3EFA25FA3B" box="[1316,1496,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— blunt-eared bat), and the vespertilionid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C209FDEFC3CFA7B" authority=", Ecuadorian" authorityName="Ecuadorian" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C209FDEFA11FA1B" box="[1319,1516,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhogeessa velilla</emphasis>
|
||
, Ecuadorian
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
little yellow bat—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D979FFEFA99FA7B" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." box="[1168,1380,1449,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C729FFEFC80FA5B" author="Baker R. J. & McDonough M. M. & Swier V. J. & Larsen P. A. & Carrera J. P. & Ammerman L. K." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref6474" refString="Baker R. J., McDonough M. M., Swier V. J., Larsen P. A., Carrera J. P., Ammerman L. K. 2009. New species of bonneted bat, genus Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the lowlands of western Ecuador and Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 11 (1): 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2009">Baker et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72A8C9F9EFBEDFA5B" author="Loaiza C. R." box="[907,1040,1481,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="4 - 10" refId="ref8012" refString="Loaiza C. R. 2013. The Tumbesian center of endemism: biogeography, diversity and conservation. Bulletin of the Systematic and Evolutionary Biogeographical Association 6: 4 - 10." type="journal article" year="2013">Loaiza 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D1A9F9EFB1AFA5B" author="Velazco P. M. & Cadenillas R. & Centty O. & Huamani L. & Zamora H." box="[1053,1255,1481,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="425 - 434" refId="ref10143" refString="Velazco P. M., Cadenillas R., Centty O., Huamani L., Zamora H. 2013. New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 20: 425 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72DF29F9EFA90FA5B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1269,1389,1481,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref9746" refString="Tirira D. G. 2017. Guia de Campo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 2 a edicion. Publicacion especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 11. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia y Editorial Murcielago Blanco, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA3FFA72A749FBEFB7BF81B" blockId="5.[840,1524,201,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A749FBEFBBDF9BB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[883,1088,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A749FBEFBBDF9BB" box="[883,1088,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been registered in shared natural roosts in association with other males of the common black myotis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AA29C7EFBA2F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[933,1119,1577,1600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AA29C7EFBA2F9FB" box="[933,1119,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Pallas’s mastiff bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C899C7EFC57F9DB" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molossus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72C899C7EFC57F9DB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Molossus molossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA72ADE9C1EFBFDF9DB" box="[985,1024,1609,1632]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santay (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA72D679C1EFB47F9DB" box="[1120,1210,1609,1632]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72DD19C1EFA1EF9DB" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." box="[1238,1507,1609,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the species of tree being used as shelter was not indicated. A shared roost by one individual of Pallas’s mastiff bat with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72A4F9CFEFC3FF97B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[840,962,1705,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A4F9CFEFCA5F97B" box="[840,856,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72A6F9CFEFC3FF97B" box="[872,962,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the bark of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D889CFEFABEF97B" box="[1167,1347,1705,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D889CFEFABEF97B" box="[1167,1347,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Albizia samanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72C829CFEFA16F97B" box="[1413,1515,1705,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in semideciduous forest has been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C2C9C9EFA1EF95B" author="Salas J. A. & Burneo S. F. & Viteri H. F. & Carvajal M. R." box="[1323,1507,1737,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1218 - 1222" refId="ref9324" refString="Salas J. A., Burneo S. F., Viteri H. F., Carvajal M. R. 2014. First record of the pale-faced bat Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the province of Guayas, southwestern Ecuador. Check List 10: 1218 - 1222." type="journal article" year="2014">Salas et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Roosts have also been found in roofs of human facilities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA3FFA72CCB9CBEFA0EF8BB" box="[1484,1523,1769,1792]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santay, where small colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72D9E9D5EFAEDF89B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1177,1296,1801,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72D9E9D5EFB54F89B" box="[1177,1193,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72DB19D5EFAEDF89B" box="[1206,1296,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been registered, varying from 4 to 6 sexually segregated individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C719D7EFC2DF8DB" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA3FFA72AEB9D1EFB4AF8DB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1004,1207,1865,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA3FFA72AEB9D1EFB4AF8DB" box="[1004,1207,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been captured foraging over water in open areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72D589D3EFA9BF83B" author="Davis W. B. & Gardner A. L." box="[1119,1382,1897,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="440 - 450" refId="ref7319" refString="Davis W. B., Gardner A. L. 2008. Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. In: Gardner A. L., editor. Mammals of South America. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA; p. 440 - 450." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis and Gardner 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72C729D3EFC36F81B" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA3FFA72ADE9DDEFB8BF81B" author="Claudio V. C. M." box="[985,1142,1929,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="845" refId="ref7184" refString="Claudio V. C. M. 2019 c. Eptesicus innoxius. In: Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9 (bats). Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 845." type="book chapter" year="2019">Cláudio 2019c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA0FFA428709A9EFE3DFDD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA0FFA428709A9EFDF2FF58" blockId="6.[375,527,201,227]" box="[375,527,201,227]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="C43E8181FFA0FFA428709A9EFDF2FF58" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[375,527,201,227]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428709A9EFDF2FF58" bold="true" box="[375,527,201,227]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA0FFA4299F9B5BFE3DFDD8" blockId="6.[109,792,268,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A phylogenetic analysis of ultraconserved elements from eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428219B7BFE71FEF8" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[294,396,300,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428219B7BFE71FEF8" box="[294,396,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428E99B7BFD94FEF8" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[494,617,300,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428E99B7BFD94FEF8" box="[494,617,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to the clade formed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428219B1BFE43FED8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1920" box="[294,446,332,355]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiriquinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428219B1BFE43FED8" box="[294,446,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. chiriquinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428CA9B1BFDBDFED8" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[461,576,332,355]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428CA9B1BFDBDFED8" box="[461,576,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. andinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA42B799B1BFEBBFE38" authority="(Yi and Latch 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Yi and Latch" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42B799B1BFCE5FED8" box="[638,792,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429719B3BFEC6FE38" author="Yi X. & Latch E. K." box="[118,315,364,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="107582" refId="ref10193" refString="Yi X., Latch E. K. 2022. Systematics of the New World bats Eptesicus and Histiotus suggest trans-marine dispersal followed by Neotropical cryptic diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 175: 107582." type="journal article" year="2022">Yi and Latch 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, their results were concordant with those of previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA428C99BDBFF5FFE78" author="Hoofer S. R. & Van Den Bussche R. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref7665" refString="Hoofer S. R., Van Den Bussche R. A. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae. Acta Chiropterologica 5: 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="2003">Hoofer and Van Den Bussche 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429B79BFBFE92FE78" author="Hoofer S. R. & Van Den Bussche R. A." box="[176,367,428,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="981 - 992" refId="ref7696" refString="Hoofer S. R., Van Den Bussche R. A., Hora c ek I. 2006. Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 981 - 992." type="journal article" year="2006">Hoofer et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA4287C9BFBFDBBFE78" author="Amador L. I. & Moyers-Arevalo R. L. & Almeida F. C. & Catalano S. A. & Giannini N. P." box="[379,582,428,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="37 - 70" refId="ref6419" refString="Amador L. I., Moyers-Arevalo R. L., Almeida F. C., Catalano S. A., Giannini N. P. 2018. Bat systematics in the light of unconstrained analysis of a comprehensive molecular supermatrix. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25: 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="2018">Amador et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and suggested that the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA4280E9B9BFE92FE58" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[265,367,460,483]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA4280E9B9BFE92FE58" box="[265,367,460,483]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic. The current evidence could indicate that a single invasion event of the New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA4296A985BFF2EFD98" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[109,211,524,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA4296A985BFF2EFD98" box="[109,211,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eptesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428AB985BFDF1FD98" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[428,524,524,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428AB985BFDF1FD98" box="[428,524,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Histiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has occurred from one continent to another (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA4285C987BFDF2FDF8" author="Juste J. & Benda P. & Garcia-Mudarra J. L. & Ibanez C." box="[347,527,556,579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="441 - 457" refId="ref7742" refString="Juste J., Benda P., Garcia-Mudarra J. L., Ibanez C. 2013. Phylogeny and systematics of Old-World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoological Scripta 42: 441 - 457." type="journal article" year="2013">Juste et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), through trans-Atlantic dispersion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429EC981BFE4DFDD8" author="Yi X. & Latch E. K." box="[235,432,588,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="107582" refId="ref10193" refString="Yi X., Latch E. K. 2022. Systematics of the New World bats Eptesicus and Histiotus suggest trans-marine dispersal followed by Neotropical cryptic diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 175: 107582." type="journal article" year="2022">Yi and Latch 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7D36566FFA0FFA4284898F5FC70FDBB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA0FFA4284898F5FDCBFD07" blockId="6.[335,566,674,700]" box="[335,566,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="C43E8181FFA0FFA4284898F5FDCBFD07" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[335,566,674,700]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA4284898F5FDCBFD07" bold="true" box="[335,566,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA0FFA4299F98B2FDDBFA27" blockId="6.[109,793,741,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA429B298B2FEEDFD47" box="[181,272,741,764]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA4281D98B2FE1CFD47" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[282,481,741,764]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA4281D98B2FE1CFD47" box="[282,481,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eptesicus innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in the following protected areas: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Manglares Río Muisne (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA0FFA429CC9972FE4FFC87" box="[203,434,805,828]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Esmeraldas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, Bosque Protector La Prosperina, Área Nacional de Recreación
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA4296A9932FF69FCC7" box="[109,148,869,892]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santay, Reserva Ecológica Manglares Churute, Área Provincial de Productividad y Conservación El Retiro de Pucón (Guayas Province), Bosque Protector Río Palenque (Los Ríos Province), Reserva Ecológica Arenillas and Bosque Protector Petrificado de Puyango (El Oro Province), and Bosque Protector Otongachi (Santo Domingo Province—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42B179E52FD2FFBA7" author="Carrera J. P. & Solari S. & Larsen P. A. & Alvarado D. F. & Brown A. D. & Carrion C. & Tello J. S. & Baker R. J." box="[528,722,1029,1052]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref6938" refString="Carrera J. P., Solari S., Larsen P. A., Alvarado D. F., Brown A. D., Carrion C., Tello J. S., Baker R. J. 2010. Bats of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 57: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010">Carrera et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42BE79E52FF19FB87" author="Salas J. A. & Burneo S. F. & Viteri H. F. & Carvajal M. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1218 - 1222" refId="ref9324" refString="Salas J. A., Burneo S. F., Viteri H. F., Carvajal M. R. 2014. First record of the pale-faced bat Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the province of Guayas, southwestern Ecuador. Check List 10: 1218 - 1222." type="journal article" year="2014">Salas et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429F09E72FDF4FB87" author="Linares O. J. & Zavala E." box="[247,521,1061,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref7892" refString="Linares O. J., Zavala E. 2018. Refugios diurnos del murcielago Eptesicus innoxius (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Investigatio Research Review 11: 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2018">Linares and Zavala 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42B1C9E72FF5FFBE7" author="Paz-Ramirez T. & Salas J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref8779" refString="Paz-Ramirez T., Salas J. A. 2019. Evaluacion de tres bosques protectores periurbanos del canton Guayaquil (Guayas, Ecuador) como potenciales areas de importancia para la conservacion de murcielagos. Mammalia aequatorialis 1: 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="2019">Paz-Ramírez and Salas 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429B69E12FE92FBE7" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[177,367,1093,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, it has been recorded in privately owned areas such as: Cerro Cacharí (Los Ríos Province) and Cerro El Muerto (Guayas Province—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42B109ED2FD14FB27" author="Loaiza C. R. & Salas J. A. & Au Hing A." box="[535,745,1157,1180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref8045" refString="Loaiza C. R., Salas J. A., Au Hing A. 2020. Could a new record change the range of distribution of a little-known bat species (Vespertilionidae: Eptesicus innoxius)? Therya 11: 143 - 150. [MAE] Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador." type="journal article" year="2020">Loaiza et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent record confirms the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA42B249EF2FD63FB07" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[547,670,1189,1212]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42B249EF2FDCEFB07" box="[547,563,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42B439EF2FD63FB07" box="[580,670,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Bosque Protector Estación Científica Pedro Franco Dávila–Jauneche (Los Ríos Province—J. A. Salas, in litt.; MZUGM-00797). In the occidental slopes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA428729F52FE54FAA7" box="[373,425,1285,1308]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428B29F52FDD3FAA7" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[437,558,1285,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428B29F52FDD3FAA7" box="[437,558,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in Coto de Caza El Angolo (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA0FFA428239F72FEA3FA87" box="[292,350,1317,1340]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department), Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D0DF80FFFA0FFA429DC9F12FECFFAE7" box="[219,306,1349,1372]" country="Peru" name="Tumbes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tumbes</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA428D79F12FD4EFAE7" author="Cadenillas R. & Alzamora M. & Abramonte F." box="[464,691,1349,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="28 - 37" refId="ref6800" refString="Cadenillas R., Alzamora M., Abramonte F. 2007. Evaluacion de Mamiferos. In: More A., editor. Evaluaciones rapidas de la biodiversidad del Coto de Caza El Angolo. Reporte Tecnico # 2. Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Sullana, Peru; p. 28 - 37." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cadenillas et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42BC79F12FF20FAC7" author="Pacheco V. & Cadenillas R. & Velazco S. & Salas E. & Fajardo U." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="409 - 422" refId="ref8578" refString="Pacheco V., Cadenillas R., Velazco S., Salas E., Fajardo U. 2007. Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 409 - 422." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Área de Conservación Regional Bosques Secos de Salitral-Huarmaca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA428679FD2FDEBFA27" author="Pavan A. C. & Cadenillas R. & Centty O. & Pacheco V. & Velazco P. M." box="[352,534,1413,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref8728" refString="Pavan A. C., Cadenillas R., Centty O., Pacheco V., Velazco P. M. 2021. On the taxonomic identity of Pteronotus davyi incae Smith, 1972 (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae). American Museum Novitates 2020: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2021">Pavan et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F7636EDFFA0FFA4299F9FF2FC70FDBB" blockId="6.[109,793,741,1948]" lastBlockId="6.[840,1523,201,512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA4280A9FF2FE74FA07" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[269,393,1445,1468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA4280A9FF2FEE0FA07" box="[269,285,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428289FF2FE74FA07" box="[303,393,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed by the International Union for Conservation on Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species as “Near Threatened” (NT) because based on a significant decline of habitat where the species occurs, a population reduction is suspected, and its geographic distribution occurs within a highly fragmented region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42B939C12FEFDF9C7" author="Velazco P. & Aguirre L." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="2020" refId="ref10059" refString="Velazco P., Aguirre L. 2020. Eptesicus innoxius (amended version of 2016 assessment). In: IUCN 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 3.1. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 12 July 2023." type="book chapter" year="2020">Velazco and Aguirre 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA4283C9C32FE6BF9C7" box="[315,406,1637,1660]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA428A39C32FDE2F9C7" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[420,543,1637,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428A39C32FE49F9C7" box="[420,436,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA428C29C32FDE2F9C7" box="[453,543,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was listed in 2011 as “Vulnerable” (VU—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA428559CD2FD9BF927" author="Tirira D. G. & Carrera J. P." box="[338,614,1669,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="206" refId="ref9847" refString="Tirira D. G., Carrera J. P. 2011. Murcielago marron del Pacifico (Eptesicus innoxius). In: Tirira D. G., editor. Libro rojo de los mamiferos del Ecuador. Fundacion Mamiferos y Conservacion, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador y Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; p. 206." type="book chapter" year="2011">Tirira and Carrera 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and has been prioritized in the action planning for bat conservation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA42BB89CF2FCE5F907" box="[703,792,1701,1724]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA429719C92FEC5F967" author="Burneo S. F. & Proano M. D. & Tirira D. G." box="[118,312,1733,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref6624" refString="Burneo S. F., Proano M. D., Tirira D. G. 2015. Plan de accion para la conservacion de los murcielagos del Ecuador. Programa para la conservacion de los murcielagos del Ecuador y Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2015">Burneo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with recommendations to increase distributional, ecological, and natural history studies, and review museum collections for taxonomic verification. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42B439D52FCE5F8A7" author="Burneo S. F. & Proano M. D. & Tirira D. G." box="[580,792,1797,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref6624" refString="Burneo S. F., Proano M. D., Tirira D. G. 2015. Plan de accion para la conservacion de los murcielagos del Ecuador. Programa para la conservacion de los murcielagos del Ecuador y Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2015">Burneo et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommended its inclusion as conservation value in protected areas where its presence has been reported. To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA42BA79D12FCE5F8E7" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[672,792,1861,1884]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42BA79D12FD4DF8E7" box="[672,688,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42BB99D12FCE5F8E7" box="[702,792,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been protected in four Important Areas for Bat Conservation (AICOM, by its acronym in Spanish) in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA42B729DD2FD2FF827" box="[629,722,1925,1948]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Cerro Blanco, Manglares Churute,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA42D7C9A9EFB5FFF5B" box="[1147,1186,201,224]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santay, Arenillas, and Estación Científica Pedro Franco Dávila–Jauneche (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42C319ABEFC80FE9B" author="Alava L. & Salas J. A." firstAuthor="Alava" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="284" refId="ref6299" refString="Alava L., Salas J. A. 2022. Ecuador / A-EC- 002: Manglares Churute. In: Barquez R. M., Aguirre L. F., Nassar J. M., Burneo S. F., Mancina C. A., Diaz M. M., editors. Areas y sitios de importancia para la conservacion de los murcielagos en Latinoamerica y el Caribe. Red Latinoamericana de Conservacion de Murcielagos (RELCOM), Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina; p. 284." type="book chapter" year="2022">Álava and Salas 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42A8A9B5EFBF3FE9B" author="Salas J. A." box="[909,1038,265,288]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="283" refId="ref9040" refString="Salas J. A. 2022 a. Ecuador / A-EC- 001: Cerro Blanco. In: Barquez R. M., Aguirre L. F., Nassar J. M., Burneo S. F., Mancina C. A., Diaz M. M., editors. Areas y sitios de importancia para la conservacion de los murcielagos en Latinoamerica y el Caribe. Red Latinoamericana de Conservacion de Murcielagos (RELCOM), Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina; p. 283." type="book chapter" year="2022">
|
||
Salas 2022
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42D049B5EFBF3FE9B" author="Salas J. A." box="[1027,1038,265,288]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="290" refId="ref9134" refString="Salas J. A. 2022 b. Ecuador / A-EC- 008: Isla Santay. In: Barquez R. M., Aguirre L. F., Nassar J. M., Burneo S. F., Mancina C. A., Diaz M. M., editors. Areas y sitios de importancia para la conservacion de los murcielagos en Latinoamerica y el Caribe. Red Latinoamericana de Conservacion de Murcielagos (RELCOM), Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina; p. 290." type="book chapter" year="2022">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2022b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42D689B5EFAA5FE9B" author="Alava L. & Salas J. A." box="[1135,1368,265,288]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="284" refId="ref9228" refString="Salas J. A., Alava L. 2022. Ecuador / A-EC- 009: Arenillas. In: Barquez R. M., Aguirre L. F., Nassar J. M., Burneo S. F., Mancina C. A., Diaz M. M., editors. Areas y sitios de importancia para la conservacion de los murcielagos en Latinoamerica y el Caribe. Red Latinoamericana de Conservacion de Murcielagos (RELCOM), Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina; p. 291." type="book chapter" year="2022">Salas and Álava 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent assessment of Mammal Red List of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA42DBD9B7EFAEEFEFB" box="[1210,1299,297,320]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA42C5B9B7EFA28FEFB" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1372,1493,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42C5B9B7EFA28FEFB" box="[1372,1493,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Vulnerable category, for B2ab (i, iii) criteria: geographic distribution with an occupation area <
|
||
<quantity id="58319B08FFA0FFA42DCC9B3EFACCFE3B" box="[1227,1329,361,384]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="2000.0">2,000 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="68BC9BA5FFA0FFA42C369B30FAC4FECE" attach="left" box="[1329,1337,359,373]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
|
||
, in a region with severe ecological fragmentation, plus an expected decrease of its extent of presence and area of occupation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42C4E9BFEFA3EFE7B" author="Tirira D. G." box="[1353,1475,425,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref9788" refString="Tirira D. G. 2021. Lista Roja de los mamiferos del Ecuador. 3 ° edicion. Publicacion Especial sobre los mamiferos del Ecuador 13. Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Mastozoologia, Fundacion Mamiferos y Conservacion, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador y Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transicion Ecologica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador." type="book" year="2021">Tirira 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7DE767DFFA0FFA42A4F9B9EFC81FE5B" box="[840,892,457,480]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C94D6EFFA0FFA42A819B9EFC00FE5B" baseAuthorityName="Cadenillas and Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[902,1021,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="innoxius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADBDEAFFFFA0FFA42A819B9EFC00FE5B" box="[902,1021,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. innoxius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as “Near Threatened” (NT—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB584B1CFFA0FFA42C899B9EFC80FDBB" author="SERFOR" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref9435" refString="SERFOR. 2018. Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre Amenazada del Peru. Primera edicion. Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), Lima, Peru." type="book" year="2018">SERFOR 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |