235 lines
28 KiB
XML
235 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="D951015AB594EEECBA86B5B5AC8AB80C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bd3a3e2-ea99-490e-a64d-fbad37df8aa5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289200" ID-ZooBank="1FE7AFED-DC04-4E8C-BFB3-880A94B296DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461279614665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S. & Rambaran, Ryan" docDate="2015" docId="174487A93852D77039E3DFD3B084FED6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03999p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3999 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zygothuria lactea Theel 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="EB7DFFD13853D7733974DC1AB43AFF96" masterDocTitle="On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698613662619" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8A9F293F14DC8FB76B888229DFD320E6">On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="124F5A0FC9047EBA71E2688F8F12529E">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="567B8F14DA12A355B065ECEC42A05DE7">Rambaran, Ryan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50321D2C84EE54ADE1BD563EC18B7173">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="901FC82183AE6729EAC6AF31A579A323">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18040800988F0FD5A82248E8B8635BFE">3999</mods:number>
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<treatment id="174487A93852D77039E3DFD3B084FED6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107328" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127692678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:174487A93852D77039E3DFD3B084FED6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/174487A93852D77039E3DFD3B084FED6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239E3DFD3B57FFB92" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239E3DFD3B62DFC75" blockId="1.[151,535,969,1029]" box="[151,535,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="C41A81D33852D77239E3DFD3B62DFC75" bold="true" box="[151,535,969,995]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3852D77239E3DFD3B62DFC75" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,535,969,995]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239E3DFD3B62DFC75" bold="true" box="[151,535,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239E3DFD3B557FC75" bold="true" box="[151,365,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Zygothuria lactea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D7723808DFD3B635FC75" author="Theel" box="[380,527,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239E3DFF6B57FFB92" blockId="1.[151,535,969,1029]" box="[151,325,1004,1029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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(
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<figureCitation id="07D62A3A3852D77239EADFF6B533FB92" box="[158,265,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[348,1243,199,846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1248,193,848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygothuria lactea. (Theel, 1886) A 32143. A. Tentacle rods; B. Body wall ossicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289201/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="07D62A3A3852D7723859DFF6B506FB92" box="[301,316,1004,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,941,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1247,941,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Zygothuria lactea, (Theel, 1886) A 32143. A. Tables of body wall; B. Rods of tentacles; C. Specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289202/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239E3D82EB072FBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239E3D82EB72EFBDC" blockId="1.[151,1096,1076,1128]" box="[151,788,1076,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD11913852D77239E3D82EB72EFBDC" box="[151,788,1076,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3852D77239E3D82EB5C4FBDC" authority="Theel, 1886: 183" authorityName="Theel" authorityPageNumber="183" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,510,1076,1098]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239E3D82EB576FBDC" box="[151,332,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Holothuria lactea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3852D7723826D82EB5C4FBDC" author="Theel" box="[338,510,1076,1098]" page="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D7723826D82EB5F4FBDC" author="Theel" box="[338,462,1076,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 183
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–184, pl. 10, figs. 9 and 15.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239E3D848B072FBFE" blockId="1.[151,1096,1076,1128]" box="[151,1096,1106,1128]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD11913852D77239E3D848B072FBFE" box="[151,1096,1106,1128]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239E3D848B56EFBFE" box="[151,340,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3852D77239E3D848B577FBFE" box="[151,333,1106,1128]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">Zygothuria lactea</taxonomicName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3852D772382ED848B61BFBFE" author="Perrier" box="[346,545,1106,1128]" page="1665" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1898">
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D772382ED848B5DBFBFE" author="Perrier" box="[346,481,1106,1128]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Perrier, R. E. (1898) Sur les Holothuries recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences, 126, 1664 - 1666." type="journal article" year="1898">Perrier, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 1665
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3852D7723B5FD848B72DFBFE" author="Gebruk" box="[555,791,1106,1128]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6931320BFFD6FFEEFE7017BAF397FD63" page="310" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D7723B5FD848B6D6FBFE" author="Gebruk" box="[555,748,1106,1128]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billet, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Gebruk
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D7723B09D849B68AFBFE" box="[637,688,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">et al,</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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:310
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</treatmentCitation>
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–321, 3 text figs. (synonymy).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239E3D8A3B6D5FB44" box="[151,751,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239E3D8A3B6D5FB44" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" box="[151,751,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239E3D8A3B530FB44" bold="true" box="[151,266,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D7723831D8A3B632FB44" author="Deichmann" box="[325,520,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Deichmann, E. (1954) The holothurians of the Gulf of Mexico. Fish and Wildlife service, Fishery Bulletin, 55, 381 - 410." type="journal article" year="1954">Deichmann 1954</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D7723B60D8A3B6D2FB44" author="Gebruk" box="[532,744,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billet, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Gebruk
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D7723B1BD8A0B69DFB44" box="[623,679,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239B3D8C7B6F3FAAB" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3D8C7B6F3FAAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239B3D8C7B593FB60" bold="true" box="[199,425,1245,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Material examined</emphasis>
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. A32143, west coast of
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<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3852D7723BC3D8C7B773FB60" box="[695,841,1245,1270]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, between Cape Peninsula and just north of Lambert’s Bay,
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<geoCoordinate id="FAD950783852D77239A0D918B500FA8C" box="[212,314,1282,1306]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-32.466667">32° 28'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FAD950783852D772383ED91BB588FA8C" box="[330,434,1281,1306]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="16.7">16° 42'E</geoCoordinate>
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, Demersal Trawl V279,
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<date id="EB53107F3852D7723BA3D918B6D5FA8C" box="[727,751,1282,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" value="2012-01-11">11</date>
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/01/2012, Trawl 005-
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<quantity id="58159B5A3852D7723A9CD91BB0BAFA8F" box="[1000,1152,1281,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.187907" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="6187.907">6187, 907 m</quantity>
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, 1 spec.; A32144, same locality as spec.1, Trawl 006-
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<quantity id="58159B5A3852D7723894D93FB655FAAB" box="[480,623,1317,1342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.116369" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="4116.369">4116, 369 m</quantity>
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, 1 spec.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239B3D953B5FDF8A0" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3D953B6EFFA67" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239B3D953B56BFAF4" bold="true" box="[199,337,1353,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Description</emphasis>
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||
. Both specimens poorly preserved. Body oval in live state, sub-cylindrical to oval in preservative. Skin thick, with folds and wrinkles, covered in a slimy coat with very fine adhering sediment and fish scales. Mouth ventral, anus terminal, anal teeth/papillae absent. Colour in life white, almost translucent, white to grey in alcohol. Length up to
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<quantity id="58159B5A3852D77238D4D9ACB5CFFA5B" box="[416,501,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
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||
, width of mid-body up to
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<quantity id="58159B5A3852D7723A41D9AFB7B6FA5B" box="[821,908,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
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. Tube feet very reduced, difficult to discern. Tentacles 20, rounded with 3–4 terminal processes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3D9E7B001F9AC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">A32144—eviscerated, calcareous ring and associated structures lost; gonad and respiratory trees absent; large intestine filling almost entire coelomic cavity. Longitudinal muscles unpaired, thin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3DA5FB0D8F914" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">A32143—partially eviscerated, calcareous ring, Polian vesicle, respiratory trees and gonad absent; stone canal attached to dorsal body wall; madreporite small, bean-shaped; longitudinal muscles as in A32144.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3DA97B5FDF8A0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Ossicles present in body wall and tentacles only. Dorsal and ventral body wall ossicles comprise triradiate tables with rounded disc (69–134 µm), with irregular margins and with a central hole surrounded by 6-8 large marginal holes; spire with three smooth pillars, terminating in a single point or in three fork-like projections, and a single transverse beam. Tentacle rods short (200-345 µm), margins usually adorned with spines, rarely smooth, medially indented at times.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D7F765343852D77239B3DB5BB5C5F837" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3852D77239B3DB5BB5C5F837" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D77239B3DB5BB563F8CC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1857,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3852D77238D8DB5BB6B0F8CC" author="Gebruk" box="[428,650,1857,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billet, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Gebruk
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3852D7723B7DDB58B67EF8CC" box="[521,580,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Cosmopolitan with numerous records from the north-east Atlantic, also known from the north-west Atlantic, off West Africa, south-east Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Malayan archipelago and
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<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3852D77239B2DB90B565F834" box="[198,351,1929,1954]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="58159B5A3852D772381EDB93B5C0F837" box="[362,506,1929,1954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.986" metricValueMax="5.278" metricValueMin="0.694" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2986.0" valueMax="5278.0" valueMin="694.0">694–5278 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CB9266373851D77139E3DF7FB062FCED" box="[151,1112,869,891]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289201/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[348,1243,199,846]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3851D77139E3DF7FB062FCED" blockId="2.[151,1112,869,891]" box="[151,1112,869,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D77139E3DF7FB529FCED" bold="true" box="[151,275,869,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3851D771386DDF7FB5F4FCED" box="[281,462,869,891]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D771386DDF7FB5F4FCED" box="[281,462,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Zygothuria lactea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (Theel,1886) A32143. A. Tentacle rods; B. Body wall ossicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CB9266373851D77139E3D9D4B165FA72" box="[151,1375,1486,1508]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289202/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[340,1246,941,1464]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3851D77139E3D9D4B165FA72" blockId="2.[151,1375,1486,1508]" box="[151,1375,1486,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D77139E3D9D4B528FA75" bold="true" box="[151,274,1486,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3851D771386DD9D4B65EFA72" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[281,612,1486,1508]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D771386DD9D4B5EEFA72" box="[281,468,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Zygothuria lactea,</emphasis>
|
||
(Theel, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A32143. A. Tables of body wall; B. Rods of tentacles; C. Specimen entire.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7F765343851D77039B3DA16B084FED6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3851D77039B3DA16B084FED6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1548,2005]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D77139B3DA16B501F9B3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1548,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Due to the poorly preserved and eviscerated state of the specimens, it is difficult to make an accurate determination but the specimens come very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3851D7713A3BDA35B080F9DE" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[847,1210,1583,1608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D7713A3BDA35B023F9DE" box="[847,1049,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Zygothuria lactea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D7713D5CDA35B08BF9DE" author="Theel" box="[1064,1201,1583,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the general body form and appearance of the tri-radiate tables. While the form of the tables may be identical to those described for the species, the disc diameter is noticeably smaller than that recorded by Théel (disc 200 µm) and Gebruk
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D7713C16DA63B1A6F906" box="[1378,1436,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(disc 150–200 µm). Stellate or hexagonal discs are not obvious and none of the pillars are adorned with spines. This is the first record of tentacle deposits in the species. Tube feet rods reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D7713D17DAA5B175F94E" box="[1123,1359,1727,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billet, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423" type="journal article">
|
||
Gebruk
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D7713DCBDADBB0C0F94E" box="[1215,1274,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D7713C28DAA5B4DBF96B" author="Theel" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D7713854DAFFB5D7F96A" author="Mortensen" box="[288,493,1764,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, 461 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were not observed. This species has been recorded from the south-east Atlantic Ocean by the ‘Valdivia’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D77138DBDB1DB67FF8B6" author="Heding" box="[431,581,1799,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Heding, S. G. (1940) Die Holothurien der Deutchsen Tiefsee Expedition II. Aspidochirote und Elasipod Formen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition auf dem Damfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 24 (3), 317 - 375." type="journal article" year="1940">Heding 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), about
|
||
<quantity id="58159B5A3851D7713BE9DB12B77BF8B6" box="[669,833,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="3500.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-4000 km</quantity>
|
||
off the west coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3851D7713D5BDB1DB0F8F8B6" box="[1071,1218,1799,1824]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The current record is therefore the first from truly South African waters; hence some geographic variations between distantly distributed populations (north and mid-South Atlantic and the South African region) must exist with one specimen possessing table spires terminating in a single point only and incomplete discs. These could be attributed to individual or age variations, as one specimen measured
|
||
<quantity id="58159B5A3851D7713A7BDB82B765F839" box="[783,863,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the other
|
||
<quantity id="58159B5A3851D7713D76DB82B059F839" box="[1026,1123,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
. It does not appear that two species are here represented. The combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3851D7713BD6DBA6B032F843" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[674,1032,1980,2005]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Mesothuriidae" genus="Zygothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3851D7713BD6DBA6B750F843" box="[674,874,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Zygothuria lactea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3851D7713A03DBA6B7C5F843" author="Theel" box="[887,1023,1980,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been accepted by WoRMS. The north-east Atlantic variety
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3850D77038BADC8DB603FF26" box="[462,569,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">oxysclera</emphasis>
|
||
, reported by Perrier (1902) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3850D7703AC3DC82B0BCFF26" author="Mortensen" box="[951,1158,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, 461 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but rejected by several workers since, has been elevated to full specific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3850D7703A52DCA6B035FF42" box="[806,1039,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billet, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423" type="journal article">
|
||
Gebruk
|
||
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3850D7703AF5DCA7B780FF43" box="[897,954,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is characterised by tables with a meshwork-like holes on the discs and a single-armed spire which is often armed by minute spines. This combination has also been accepted by WoRMS. The specimen with tables with single armed spire, in the current collection, is not ascribed to this species because of the deterioration of most of the table discs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |