238 lines
27 KiB
XML
238 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="FCA5595597BDD2E728F7597497A61E06" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276700656" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TEDFORD R. H., WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E." docDate="2009" docId="173487AEFF4C0790FF767415FE2CFEFB" docLanguage="en" docName="B325.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (325)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Xenocyon texanus 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="EB0DFFD6FFDB0709FFD7770AFFEFFFB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1699210124599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="6F88D7E8C4CE454BEC5F506F740C2AEE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="40F82332B384C87D0B06FC07CDB1BA91">
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<mods:title id="EB4BAF2F11CE58AF73DACEAAA9C58794">Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="32C3111502B272D93E2699DEB0900BC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B4F37AD0E30B339E355BE2CE1DED9662">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4F180FC8BC35AB9C8BF861E0AEB9A051">TEDFORD R. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EFCC3B0DF467B3DCEBD0B02686AAEA0">WANG X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D2114B3C932574BCBC441C2E4F11C924" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7161C3B07025178D64FB6E383BFCBA0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8114AF63058DB98941C5FCAF9313A168">TAYLOR B. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C89502FBE6A200A070ED7B300665EEE1">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5FAF39051A9CAD4F4A0E1068B50FDF06">
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<mods:date id="A12AC2D688488A632C670CF78F62510B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E2464622E937ED0B286E758F0E3610F9">2009-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C77A44376D62146BB79E6988068B0677" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="473FFD04C0B90EF355B302CE4CF0161E">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E5F945037221C10343F50FA8602ADAB5">325</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="69F2B33E2BA4C736A86D96F21F6F303B" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FF4C079EFF767415FE1DFCEB" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFF767415FE1DFCEB" blockId="151.[161,551,799,851]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="C46A81D4FF4C079EFF767415FE1DFCEB" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF767415FDC8FC8C" authority="(Troxell), 1915" baseAuthorityName="Troxell" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[161,551,799,821]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF767415FE9DFC8D" box="[161,370,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Xenocyon texanus</emphasis>
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(Troxell), 1915
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFF4C079EFF017437FE8CFCEA" box="[214,355,829,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="152.[150,188,1696,1715]" captionTargetBox="[173,1182,213,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@152.[169,1186,210,1665]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="Fig. 57. A–C. Xenocyon texanus, late Irvingtonian, Briscoe County, Texas. A. Left ramus, holotype, YPM 10028, lateral view, reversed. B. Lingual view, reversed. C. Occlusal view, stereo pair." pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 57A–C</figureCitation>
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; appendix 3
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D7876533FF4C079EFF8A7461FF4CFC76" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFF8A7461FE55FCC4" blockId="151.[93,620,874,975]" box="[93,442,874,894]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BF8D1196FF4C079EFF8A7461FE55FCC4" box="[93,442,874,894]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="1E3C10A9FF4C079EFF8A7461FE59FCC4" author="Troxell, E. L." box="[93,438,874,894]" page="627" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF8A7461FE59FCC4" authority="Troxell, 1915: 627" authorityName="Troxell" authorityPageNumber="627" authorityYear="1915" box="[93,438,874,894]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF8A7461FF02FCC4" box="[93,237,875,894]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Canis texanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFF227460FE59FCC4" author="Troxell, E. L." box="[245,438,874,893]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="632 - 634" refId="ref133464" refString="Troxell, E. L. 1915. The vertebrate fossils of Rock Creek, Texas. American Journal of Science 39: 632 - 634." type="journal article" year="1915">Troxell, 1915: 627</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFF8A748DFDACFC20" blockId="151.[93,620,874,975]" box="[93,579,902,921]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BF8D1196FF4C079EFF8A748DFDACFC20" box="[93,579,902,921]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="1E3C10A9FF4C079EFF8A748DFDD0FC20" author="Kraglievich, J. L." box="[93,575,902,921]" page="62" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1952">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF8A748DFDD0FC20" authority=": J. L. Kraglievich, 1952: 62" authorityName="J. L. Kraglievich" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1952" box="[93,575,902,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Protocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF8A748DFECAFC20" box="[93,293,903,921]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Protocyon texanus:</emphasis>
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J.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFE8A748CFDD0FC20" author="Kraglievich, J. L." box="[349,575,902,921]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="53 - 70" refId="ref127880" refString="Kraglievich, J. L. 1952. Un canido del Eocuartario de Mar del Plata y sus relaciones con otras formas Brasilenas y Norteamericanas. Revista Museo Mar del Plata 1: 53 - 70." type="journal article" year="1952">Kraglievich, 1952: 62</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFF8A74A8FF4CFC76" blockId="151.[93,620,874,975]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BF8D1196FF4C079EFF8A74A8FF4CFC76" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="1E3C10A9FF4C079EFF8A74A8FF4FFC76" author="Kurten, B. & E. Anderson" page="172" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1980">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF8A74A8FF4FFC76" authority=": Kurten and Anderson, 1980: 172" authorityName="Kurten and Anderson" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Protocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF8A74A8FEC7FC0D" box="[93,296,930,948]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Protocyon texanus:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFEE474A8FF4FFC76" author="Kurten, B. & E. Anderson" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="i - xvii" refId="ref128065" refString="Kurten, B., and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America. New York: Columbia University Press, i - xvii, 1442 pp." type="book chapter" year="1980">Kurtén and Anderson, 1980: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FF4C0790FFAE74E3FE2CFEFB" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFFAE74E3FF20FA9D" blockId="151.[93,620,1000,1759]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF4C079EFFAE74E3FF12FB80" accessionNumber="YPM 10058" collectionCode="YPM" collectorName="Type" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectorName id="3268536EFF4C079EFFAE74E3FF57FC47" box="[121,184,1001,1022]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Type</collectorName>
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:
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||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFF4C079EFF1A74E3FEE1FC47" box="[205,270,1001,1022]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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||
10058, fragment of a left ramus with canine, p1–p4, m1–m3 (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFDD8730CFF78FB80" author="Troxell, E. L." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="632 - 634" refId="ref133464" refString="Troxell, E. L. 1915. The vertebrate fossils of Rock Creek, Texas. American Journal of Science 39: 632 - 634." type="journal article" year="1915">Troxell, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 18)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF4C079EFEDA732EFDC7FBCD" accessionNumber="YPM 10058" collectionCode="YPM" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFF4C079EFEDA732EFE6DFB80" box="[269,386,1060,1081]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFF4C079EFE46732EFE3DFB80" box="[401,466,1060,1081]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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10058, right M1 lacking most of the paracone and metacone (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFF277354FE4AFBCD" author="Troxell, E. L." box="[240,421,1118,1140]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="632 - 634" refId="ref133464" refString="Troxell, E. L. 1915. The vertebrate fossils of Rock Creek, Texas. American Journal of Science 39: 632 - 634." type="journal article" year="1915">Troxell, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 20)
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</materialsCitation>
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; left humerus (
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<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFF0B7371FE68FB28" author="Troxell, E. L." box="[220,391,1147,1169]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="632 - 634" refId="ref133464" refString="Troxell, E. L. 1915. The vertebrate fossils of Rock Creek, Texas. American Journal of Science 39: 632 - 634." type="journal article" year="1915">Troxell, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 23); anterior scapular fragment; left metatarsal IV; right cuneiform;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF4C079EFF3D73BCFF24FA9D" collectionCode="YPM" collectorName="Camel Quarry" county="Briscoe County" location="Tule Formation" municipality="Rock Creek" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="paratype">
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right pisiform.
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<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFF4C079EFE7173BDFE07FB75" box="[422,488,1207,1228]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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Mylodon-
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<collectorName id="3268536EFF4C079EFF8A73D9FEFFFB50" box="[93,272,1235,1257]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Camel Quarry</collectorName>
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||
, head of
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<collectingMunicipality id="7F46ACC2FF4C079EFE5B73D9FDCAFB50" box="[396,549,1235,1257]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Rock Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="9A426063FF4C079EFDE273D9FF33FABE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFF4C0790FF767415FE2CFEFB:9A426063FF4C079EFDE273D9FF33FABE" county="Briscoe County" municipality="Rock Creek" name="Tule Formation" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" stateProvince="Texas">Tule Formation</location>
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||
(late
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<location id="9A426063FF4C079EFECB73FBFE5DFABE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFF4C0790FF767415FE2CFEFB:9A426063FF4C079EFECB73FBFE5DFABE" box="[284,434,1265,1287]" county="Briscoe County" municipality="Rock Creek" name="Irvingtonian" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" stateProvince="Texas">Irvingtonian</location>
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),
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<collectingCounty id="76434E34FF4C079EFE1273FBFF99FA9D" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Briscoe County</collectingCounty>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF4C079EFF547205FF24FA9D" box="[131,203,1295,1316]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Texas</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFFAE7226FF55FAD9" blockId="151.[93,620,1000,1759]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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Distribution: Know only from the
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFF4C079EFDEE7227FD84FAFB" box="[569,619,1325,1346]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFFAE7262FE45F997" blockId="151.[93,620,1000,1759]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Revised Diagnosis: Distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF8A728CFEB6FA25" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" box="[93,345,1413,1436]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF8A728CFEB6FA25" box="[93,345,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Xenocyon lycaonoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, the only other species of the genus to occur in North America, by slightly larger size, m1 talonid wider relative to trigonid; hypoconid more marginal on the talonid; and M1 metaconule more salient than in most
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFF2A7113FE4BF997" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" box="[253,420,1559,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFF2A7113FE4BF997" box="[253,420,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFFAE713CFCC7FBE0" blockId="151.[93,620,1000,1759]" lastBlockId="151.[667,1193,213,1759]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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Description and Comparison: Except for the relatively minor differences signaled in the diagnosis, the morphology of the
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFF4C079EFDFA717BFF60F91D" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
clearly allies this taxon with
|
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFE297185FF4CF97B" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFE297185FF4CF97B" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. The crown of the canine is broken, but enough remains to show that it was short and only gently recurved. The premolars are uncrowded, and the p2 is isolated by diastemata. The premolar crowns are short and broad across their posterior roots and, although p3 may have had a minute posterior cusp, at the present state of wear only p4 does so and it has a tiny second cusp that surmounts the cingulum. The tip of p3 lies just below p2 and its posterior cingulum lies below that of p4. The tip of p4 may not have reached the height of the paraconid of m
|
||
<quantity id="58659B5DFF4C079EFB5776F0FB46FDB6" box="[1152,1193,505,527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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||
the unworn state. The anterior face of the m1 curves backward, and wear has opened a broad carnassial notch. The trigonid of m1 is only slightly wider than the talonid, the metaconid is small, and the hypoconid, clearly the largest talonid cusp, is not as centrally placed on the crown as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFB5975CDFCF1FD43" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFB5975CDFCF1FD43" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the smaller, early Pleistocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFD4C7408FCE4FCAE" authorityName="Teilhard de Chardin" authorityYear="1940" box="[667,779,768,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Cuon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFD4C7408FCE4FCAE" box="[667,779,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E78A7628FF4C079EFCED740BFC6BFCAE" box="[826,900,769,791]" name="China" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Much of the enamel is broken away on the lingual surface of the talonid, and that has carried away any remnant of the entoconid. The m2 has likewise been damaged lingually, but that does not obscure the small size of the metaconid relative to the protoconid and the lack of a distinct entoconid. There is no anterolabial cingulum. The m3 has a central cusp (protoconid), a ridge leading lingually from it and a tiny cusp (metaconid) at its lingual side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C079EFD6F736BFB90FA9F" blockId="151.[667,1193,213,1759]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
The horizontal ramus is deep as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFB597368FCF2FB2C" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFB597368FCF2FB2C" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the premolar row is not deflected medially relative to the molars as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFD4C73B0FD17FB76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[667,760,1208,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFD4C73B0FD17FB76" box="[667,760,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">C. lupus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A large mental foramen lies beneath p1–p2, with a smaller one beneath the anterior root of p3. The masseteric fossa is deep anteriorly and ends just behind m3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF4C0790FD617225FE2CFEFB" blockId="151.[667,1193,213,1759]" lastBlockId="153.[93,619,212,322]" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Discussion:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFC9A723AFBF5FAFC" author="Berta, A." box="[845,1050,1327,1349]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref125158" refString="Berta, A. 1988. Quaternary evolution and biogeography of the large South American Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). University of California Publiations in Geological Sciences 132: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1988">Berta (1988: 98)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFD4C7247FC97FADB" author="Kraglievich, J. L." box="[667,888,1356,1379]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="53 - 70" refId="ref127880" refString="Kraglievich, J. L. 1952. Un canido del Eocuartario de Mar del Plata y sus relaciones con otras formas Brasilenas y Norteamericanas. Revista Museo Mar del Plata 1: 53 - 70." type="journal article" year="1952">Kraglievich (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF4C079EFC6A7247FCC6FA39" author="Kurten, B. & E. Anderson" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="i - xvii" refId="ref128065" refString="Kurten, B., and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America. New York: Columbia University Press, i - xvii, 1442 pp." type="book chapter" year="1980">Kurtén and Anderson’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFC347260FB69FAC6" authorityName="Troxell" authorityYear="1915" box="[995,1158,1386,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFC347260FB69FAC6" box="[995,1158,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Canis texanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFD4C7282FC5AFA24" authority="Giebel, 1855" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1855" box="[667,949,1415,1437]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Protocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFD4C7282FCFEFA24" box="[667,785,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Protocyon</emphasis>
|
||
Giebel, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, citing the retention of the metaconid on m2, despite its loss on m1, as characteristic of species of the latter genus. She instead assigned this taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFD4C72F6FD38F9A8" box="[667,727,1532,1553]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Cuon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFD4C72F6FD38F9A8" box="[667,727,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Cuon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, further supporting the differences between the latter and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFC667110FBC8F996" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1855" box="[945,1063,1562,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Protocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFC667110FBC8F996" box="[945,1063,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Protocyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on cranial and mandibular grounds. However, she failed to note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFC42715EFBF7F9D3" authorityName="Troxell" authorityYear="1915" box="[917,1048,1620,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFC42715EFBF7F9D3" box="[917,1048,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">C. texanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retains the m3, a feature lacking in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFBB27178FB4EF93E" box="[1125,1185,1650,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Cuon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFBB27178FB4EF93E" box="[1125,1185,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Cuon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only large hypercarnivorous canine genus with the constellation of features described above is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C079EFC5371C0FC1CF966" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" box="[900,1011,1738,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C079EFC5371C0FC1CF966" box="[900,1011,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Xenocyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF4C0790FB5971C0FF5AFF53" authorityName="Troxell" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" order="Carnivora" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF4C0790FB5971C0FF5AFF53" italics="true" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">X. texanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF420790FD8777DFFF0FFEB1" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF420790FD8777DFFF0FFEB1" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Arctic North America and possibly represents an extralimital variant of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF420790FEC17627FE52FEFB" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" box="[278,445,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Xenocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lycaonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF420790FEC17627FE52FEFB" box="[278,445,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">X. lycaonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |